JPH01141525A - Bed soil and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain bed soil having uniform qualities by granulating powder of undried soil or dried soil by using chitosan as a binder, coating the granules with small pieces of organic substance and ground granules and drying. CONSTITUTION:KOKUBOKU (volcanic ash trass) powder having small particle size and chitosan powder are fed to a ribbon mixer, sufficiently stirred and further well blended with pressed articles 2 of slit soil. Then blend is kneaded with 1.3l of 1% aqueous solution of acetic acid and made into granules having about 2mm diameter and 3mm length by a kneader with an extrusion mechanism. The granular product is blended and coated with ground peat-moss product 3 while spraying chitosan little by little. The coated product 4 is passed through a hot-air dryer to give bed soil.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to bed soil used for raising vegetable seedlings and cultivating horticultural crops, etc., and a method for producing the same. The present invention relates to a granular type bed soil and a method for producing the same.

(Conventional technology) Vegetable seedlings are raised by sowing them in pots or boxes with bed soil and planting them after they grow to a certain size. In the past, it was common for each farmer to use his own product as bed soil for raising seedlings. In other words, soil was collected by individuals and prepared by adding organic matter and fertilizers. In addition, it is common practice for each person to prepare soil for gardening by mixing soil, organic matter, and fertilizer.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) However, seedling bed soil is important for nurturing germination and seedling stage for crops, and it must have appropriate water permeability.

Breathability and nutrients are required. It also requires disinfection to prevent the propagation of pathogens in crops, and its preparation requires considerable experience and skill. Furthermore, it is necessary to prepare suitable soil and organic matter, and while this may be fine for small-scale farms, it is a great deal of labor for full-time farmers or large-scale farms. Also,
Homemade products tend to have variations in quality, and this does not affect subsequent growth.

On the other hand, gardening riverbed soil is consumed in large quantities, and it is necessary to vary the proportions of organic matter and fertilizer depending on the variety, and its preparation requires different costs and labor.

Therefore, there are some products on the market that are made by granulating several types of soil, but they contain little organic matter and disintegrate quickly when watered.
There are problems with the quality of the product, and it is difficult to use.

(Purpose) Therefore, the present invention is easy to manage, has excellent water permeability and air permeability, has appropriate water resistance and disintegration, is rich in organic matter, easy to form aggregate structure, and has few pathogenic bacteria. The purpose of the present invention is to provide bed soil for raising seedlings and gardening, and a method for producing the same.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the bed soil and bed soil manufacturing method of the present invention use a dilute organic acid aqueous solution to create viscosity as a binder for granulating and shape-retaining the soil. After kneading using chitosan, it is granulated to an appropriate size, and then a diluted organic acid solution of chitosan is sprayed to coat organic matter particles or crushed products, and then dried. In addition, fertilizer and P
It contains H1l conditioning agent.

1 company In the present invention, soil refers to various types of soil that contain many components with fine particle sizes, such as clay, silt, and fine sand. and use it. For example, compressed products of silty soil, Masago soil, whitebait, etc. produced when washing mountain sand are used almost as is, and Kuroboku (volcanic ash soil), Kanuma soil, clay, etc. are used after being crushed or crushed. Incidentally, these are used as they are or after being dried, and large impurities, coarse sand, etc. are removed. It is natural to consider the use of a mixture of several types of soil.

In addition, the moisture content suitable for granulation (extrusion molding and transfer granulation) is about 20 to 30%, and moisture is also supplied from the dilute organic acid aqueous solution used to dissolve the chitosan powder, so the moisture content of the soil is About 15 to 25% is preferable. Therefore, if the soil has a high moisture content, it is necessary to dry it.

By the way, in the case of bed soil, price plays a large role as well as quality and workability. Therefore, it is preferable to use soil that does not require the cost of crushing or drying. The compressed product of the silty soil is ideal as a material for the present invention because it has a fine grain size, has no other use, and lacks a place to dispose of it. However, it has a somewhat high moisture content (about 28%). On the other hand, the present applicant manufactures a granulated product that is mainly made of staghorn soil, but as a by-product, a large amount of powdered staghorn is captured in sieves, dust removers, and the like. This Kuroboku flour has a small uniform particle size and a low moisture content of about 10% or less, so when it is combined with the pressed product of the silty soil, an ideal product can be obtained. In addition to this Kuroboku powder, dust, sieve residue, etc. generated in stone crushing plants, concrete manufacturing plants, zeolite crushing plants, and other plants that involve crushing and crushing stones are also preferably used. However, the soil of the present invention is not limited to these,
General field soil can be used, and inexpensive soil powder or stone powder that is easily available from different regions or places may also be used.

The soil powder may contain fine organic matter.

Next, there are many organic and inorganic soil binders, but in the present invention, natural organic binders are used to provide granulated products with good water absorption, shape retention, and appropriate water resistance and disintegration. Chitosan powder is used as the feed.

Although x1-zan itself is expensive, it exhibits considerable viscosity even when dissolved in a dilute organic acid aqueous solution at a low concentration (O21% to 1% culm). After drying, chitosan becomes a thin transparent colorless film, which is ideal because it is harmless, provides nutrients for plants and beneficial bacteria, and has antifungal properties.

The proportion of chitosan powder used is about 0.62 to 10% (9% by weight) based on the dry weight of the soil powder. If it is less than 0.2%, the role as a binder will be insufficient and the product will easily disintegrate. Preferably it is 0.3% or more. On the other hand, it is possible to use up to about 10% of the amount, but the cost increases as the amount increases. From a cost perspective, the upper limit is about 1%.

As the solvent for quinine, a young aqueous solution of an organic acid such as acetic acid, adipic acid, formic acid, or hydrochloric acid is used, but acetic acid is most preferred from the viewpoint of cost and safety. ~
5 (0.3 to 31% in acetic acid). Acid can be recovered at a lower cost when the granulated product is dried, while organic matter provides water retention, facilitates the formation of aggregate structure, improves rooting, and decomposes to provide useful nutrients and fertilizers. becomes. Therefore, in the present invention, the surface of the granulated product of the above-mentioned top and hesane is coated with fine pieces of organic matter or a pulverized product. Small pieces of organic matter and crushed products include peat moss, bark (park and others),
Bagasse.

Various materials such as crushed products such as rice husks, small pieces such as sawdust, and pulp slag are used. In particular, pulverized peat moss is preferable because it can be obtained at a low cost with constant quality and uniform size.

Regarding the size of the organic matter fragments or crushed products, it is preferable to use a fibrous material such as peat moss or bagasse with a length of about 1 inch or less, and a granular material with a diameter of about 1 mm (16 mesh) or less. The usage rate is about 30 to 200% of the soil volume depending on the type of plants to be cultivated, the cultivation period, etc. The organic material used has a moisture content of about 10% or less.

This surface coating of the organic substance has the advantage that the effect of the addition of the organic substance can be better expressed, and the large amount of chitosan consumed when the organic substance is granulated together with the soil powder can be avoided, resulting in lower costs.

The above granulated product or coated product exhibits a considerably low pH value due to the use of chitosan and organic acid, and the pH value is around 4 to 5 depending on the usage ratio.In general, the preferred pH for plant cultivation is around 6. .

Therefore, in the present invention, charcoal is used depending on the target plant.

Add alkaline PI (adjusting agent) such as lime.Furthermore, it is recommended to add necessary fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and processing depending on the target plant and purpose (seedling raising or horticultural use).

Manufacturing method Next, the manufacturing method of the bed soil of the present invention will be explained. First, soil powder with a moisture content of about 15 to 25% and chitosan powder (weight ratio of soil to powder of about 0.3 to 1%) are put into a blender and mixed by stirring. While stirring, reduce the total moisture content to 25%.
The acid concentration is determined and added so that the organic acid concentration does not exceed 0.3% to 0.5%. The stirring time is about 5 to 15 minutes.

For kneading, chitosan powder may be dissolved in a dilute organic acid aqueous solution in advance to form a paste and then added to the soil powder.

This is more preferable in terms of cost and effectiveness.

Subsequently, the kneaded material is granulated into particles having a diameter of about 1 to 4III+. Granulation is performed by extruding the product from an extruder while applying a pressure of about 2 to 4 kg/eel to form granules, or by transferring the product to form spheres. In addition, various methods such as forming into a sphere by transfer granulation, fluidized bed granulation, etc. are used. Granules can be obtained at low cost.

FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a spherical granulated product (1).

The symbol (2) in the figure is soil powder.

Next, the surface of this granulated product (1) is coated with organic particles or pulverized product (3) to obtain a coated product (4) as shown in FIG. Coating is carried out, for example, by spraying a diluted organic acid solution of chitosan while feeding organic particles or pulverized products (3) using the transfer granulator.

In this case, the concentration of chitosan may be about 0.1 to 0.5%, and the amount of solution should be a small amount within a range that does not exceed the moisture content that facilitates granulation (upper limit of about 27%).
Use about 0cc.

Next, this coated product (4) is dried to have a moisture content of 3%.
Set it to about 10%. Drying is carried out using hot air at, for example, 80 to 90°C, but air drying, infrared drying, or other means may also be used.If the drying equipment is equipped with an organic acid recovery device, it is possible to prevent pollution and recycle organic acids. Therefore, manufacturing costs can be reduced. Thus, the floor of the present invention ±
(5) is obtained (Fig. 3), in which the reference numeral (6) in the figure is chitosan schematically drawn. This is passed through a sieve to remove powder, etc., classified, and packed into bags.

On the other hand, a more practical bed soil is one in which a Pi adjuster (7) such as charcoal or a powdered or small granular fertilizer (8) such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, or weight is added to the above bed (5). be. Regarding the method of addition, it is preferable to add it before drying, that is, in a wet state, as the adhesion is stronger, but pHtl! Since the conditioner (7) changes the dissolution state of chitosan, it is mixed with the chitosan after it has been dried to make it adhere to the chitosan. In order to improve adhesion, the water content may be increased somewhat, for example, from 5 to 10%. When using liquid pH1i adjuster (7) or fertilizer (8), lower the water content somewhat. In the case of fertilizer (8), depending on its chemical properties, it can also be mixed with the initial soil powder. The floor ± (9) shown in FIG. 4 is an example of a coated product (4) that is mixed and sprinkled with the coated product (4) after drying.

In addition, especially in the case of bed soil for cultivation such as horticulture, it is recommended to use a combination of fast-acting and slow-acting fertilizers, and to use the soil itself in consideration of its fertilizing capacity and nutrients depending on the plant. good.

(Example) Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 Fine-grained black powder (soil dust) obtained from a dust removal device: 16 mesh or less, water content 5%) 3,9 K
g and 45 g of chitosan powder were placed in a ribbon mixer and thoroughly stirred.
%) to 11.1 and stir and mix well. To this, 1.3 g of a 1% acetic acid aqueous solution was added and kneaded.Next, the diameter was 2Il using an in-house extrusion mechanism.
It was made into granules with a length of about 111 mm and about 3 mm. The entire amount of this granulated product was put into our own granulator, and the chitosan (3%) acetic acid 0.
．． While spraying the 5% solution little by little, the crushed peat moss product (1 mm or less) is sprayed.

57F (moisture content: 10% or less) was gradually added for coating.

The obtained coated product was passed through a tunnel-shaped hot air drying oven and dried with hot air at 85 to 90°C to a moisture content of about 4% to obtain 13.5 kg of bed soil for raising seedlings.

This is sorted through a sieve, packed in bags, and shipped.

When using this bed soil, it is preferable to mix a small amount (for example, about 1%) of charcoal and a small amount of fertilizer.

Example 2 The coated product obtained in Example 1 was dried to a moisture content of about 6% and the sieved matter was screened, and then 200 g of charcoal was added to a stirrer.
, 19 g of ammonium sulfate, 17 g of lime superphosphate, and 7 g of chloride are added together with stirring and mixing, and these are attached to the coated product to adjust the pH and make a bed for raising seedlings with a fertilizer content of ±14
．． 3 Kg was obtained.

Example 3 Pressed product of silty soil (moisture content 28%) 5.5 kg.

5.5 kg of Masago soil (water content 25%) and 4 kg of Black Boxoildus were mixed in the same manner as in Example 1, and mixed with 1% acetic acid solution containing 50 g of chitosan powder at 1.4/! Add and knead.

Next, as in Example 1, peat moss 5I! After drying, fertilizer and charcoal were mixed and deposited in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain a gardening bed of ±14 kg.

In the germination test (cucumbers) using the seedling bed soil obtained in Example 2 and the cultivation test (cucumbers, 1 month) using the horticultural river bed soil obtained in Example 3, both results were shown in the conventional homemade bed ± ( The growth condition was similar to that of a mixture of field soil and compost).

(Effects) As described in detail above, the bed soil of the present invention is a granulated product using Kizan, which is made viscous with an organic acid aqueous solution as a binder to soil powder, and fine pieces of organic matter or crushed products. It is coated and dried, and if necessary, a pH adjuster and fertilizer are added.

Therefore, since it contains an organic substance, it does not require the effort of separately mixing an organic substance, and together with the fact that it is in a granular form, it is easy to handle and manage. In addition, it has good drainage and air permeability, and because of its dense organic matter, it easily forms aggregates, retains water well, and spreads roots easily, making it ideal for raising seedlings, horticulture, and other forms of cultivation. Furthermore, since they are all natural products, there is no need to worry about growth inhibition, and chitosan and residual acetic acid will gradually decompose and become a nutrient source for plants and soil microorganisms. There are various advantages such as being able to easily obtain a bed soil that is optimal for the target plant by adding the appropriate agent.

In addition, the method for producing bed soil of the present invention includes hardening the soil powder with a diluted organic acid solution of chitosan, coating the outer surface of the soil powder with fine pieces of organic matter or crushed products with a diluted organic acid solution of chitosan, and drying it.
Furthermore, fertilizers and pH adjusters are added as necessary. Therefore, a large amount of chitosan powder of constant quality can be obtained without the need for special equipment, and a small amount of chitosan powder can be used effectively, and manufacturing costs can be reduced by combining siliceous soil compressed products and various dust products, and by recovering solvents. It can be suppressed significantly.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a front view schematically showing a granulated product which is an intermediate product of the bed soil of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a partially cross-sectional front view schematically showing a coated product, and Fig. 3 is a front view schematically showing a coated product. FIG. 4 is a front view schematically showing another example. 1... Granulated product 2... Soil powder 3... Organic pieces or crushed product 4... Coated product 5, 9...・Bed soil 6...Chitosan 7...pH adjuster 8...Fertilizer

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Chitosan is used as a binder in undried soil or dry soil powder, and the product is mechanically granulated, coated with fine pieces or crushed organic matter, and dried. bed soil. 2. The bed soil according to claim 1, which contains fertilizer and a pH adjuster. 3. After kneading chitosan powder with a concentration of about 0.2 to 10% based on the dry weight of soil and an organic acid aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.3 to 1% with soil to obtain a kneaded material with a moisture content of about 15 to 30%, granules are formed. The method is characterized by granulating the soil into granules such as balls or balls, and then coating the soil with fine pieces or crushed organic matter of about 50 to 200% of the soil volume while spraying a dilute organic acid solution of chitosan, and then drying. Method of manufacturing bed soil. 4. The method for producing bed soil according to claim 3, wherein after mixing undried soil or dried soil powder and chitosan powder, an organic acid aqueous solution is added and kneaded. 5. The method for producing bed soil according to claim 3, wherein a dilute organic acid solution of chitosan is added to undried soil or dried soil powder and kneaded. 6. The method for producing bed soil according to claim 3, 4, or 5, wherein fertilizer and a pH adjuster are coated, mixed, or sprayed before and after drying.