JPH01126880A - Apparatus for shooting scene especially for the purpose of reproducing the scene on video monitor picture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve the operability of a camera by largely photographing and reproducing the fine part of a scene without moving a device as the whole and tracking an internal moving object. CONSTITUTION: An image pickup element 14 is supported slidably over the entire image so as to photograph a selected object inside the scene, observe it and track it according to circumstances and a driving mechanism for sliding a photographing element inside an image formation surface 11 is provided with driving devices 28 and 32 operated in different directions. Thus, in the case of tracking the object remaining inside the scene though arbitrarily movable, the lens 6 and housing 5 of this device are disposed in a fixed type and only the image pickup element 14, and several devices required for scanning according to the circumstances, is moved. Thus, moving mass in the case of manually moving the camera is reduced and the camera is quickly moved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION The present invention relates to an apparatus for photographing scenes, in particular for the purpose of reproducing scenes on the screen of a video monitor.

The apparatus includes a housing, a lens attached to the housing for imaging a scene on an image plane, and a lens disposed within the housing and on the image plane and for capturing individual pixels of a portion of the image. It has a planar image sensor for converting brightness and, in some cases, hue into electrical signals.
The image sensor is slidably attached and is configured to be smaller than the image. This device also has a drive mechanism for sliding the image sensor within the imaging plane.

(The prior art and the problem to be solved by the invention) Devices of this type (DE 32 23 971, DE 3 606 765) are commonly called television cameras and are used as such. Known in numerous embodiments. A CCD line sensor, which normally constitutes the image sensor, is a semiconductor charge coupled device.
has a plurality of small CCD cells arranged along a scanning line, the charge of the cells can be analog controlled by light, and the length of the cells is several inches. A scanning linear imaging probe is attached to each scan line of the imaged scene, and can be moved perpendicularly to the scan line direction by a drive mechanism to scan the entire scene. As an advantage of such a CCD element, C
Image information incident on the CD element is transferred to a register in the form of an electrical signal, and by reading out the register, an image signal or image signal can be obtained directly, ie, without using a scanning electron beam. However, for many practical applications it is unsuitable that the entire camera must be mounted in a fixed manner, at least until the line sensor scans the entire scene once.

In addition to the line sensor, such a television camera has a CCD
Area sensors can also be additionally equipped (German Patents No. 3,606,765, 3,616,400) and can, for example, be fixedly mounted and act as a finder without locating the scene to be recorded, or The sensor is installed to move together with the original image sensor, and can supplement the original image sensor and perform fine adjustments.

Alongside this, there is also a CCD technology television camera in which the imaging probe is composed of an area sensor and is fixedly mounted within the camera body in the same way as the image pickup device of a conventional television camera (visicon, iconoscope, orthicon, etc.). . Such cameras are also suitable for filming moving scenes.

A common feature of the known devices is that the lens, image sensor, and device coupled thereto can be captured by the camera.
It is installed inside the camera body so that the image sensor always scans the entire scene that matches the field of view. If the scene to be imaged is larger than the scene coincident with the field of view, or if the scene to be imaged falls outside this field of view, the entire camera, together with all the parts inside the camera, must undergo pivoting and rotational movements. The same thing can be said, for example, when "tracking" a moving object with a camera. Both require considerable mass to be moved and sufficient space must be provided for pivoting and rotational movements, and are therefore often associated with considerable physical or structural expenditure.

To avoid such movements, by choosing a suitable lens (wide-angle lens, so-called fisheye lens), you can ensure that even very large scenes are completely captured by the camera or that moving objects always remain within the field of view of the camera. I can do it. However, this would impair the reproduction quality since it is always only the individual image sensors that resolve the enlarged field of view.

Based on this given condition, devices of the type mentioned at the outset can only be used conditionally for all kinds of surveillance purposes or even for live filming with rapid scene changes, as is often the case, for example, in sports competitions. can do. If a television camera is placed inside a building, such as a bank or hotel, for example to monitor a large entrance hall or counter hall, the field of view is limited or objects within the field of view can only be seen vaguely. First, expensive measures must be taken to swivel or rotatably mount the camera and, if necessary, additionally suitable drive systems must be provided or several cameras must be used. When a swivelable and rotatable television camera is placed outdoors, for example at an intersection or on a road, to monitor road traffic, the device for swiveling and rotating the camera is also susceptible to wind, snow, dust, etc. unless an expensive sealing device is installed. Subject to heavy wear. When moving the camera completely or partially in a flat plane, the large mass to be moved poses an obstacle, and the camera operator is often faced with unsolvable problems, especially when the camera has to be moved quickly. Finally, it is almost impossible to mount such a camera on a vehicle or flying object and simultaneously keep it stable and aligned with a selected object without wobbling.

The present invention provides a device of the type mentioned at the outset for photographing and reproducing details of a scene on a larger scale than before, without it moving as a whole, in particular without pivoting or tilting, and 7' or moving objects inside the scene. The purpose is to configure the system so that it can track objects.

(Means and Effects for Solving the Problems) The device of the present invention includes a housing, a lens attached to the housing and configured to image a scene on an image forming plane, and a lens disposed within the housing and configured to image a scene on the image forming plane. and has an imaging element configured in a planar manner for converting the brightness and possibly hue of individual pixels of a part of the image into electrical signals, said imaging element being slidably mounted; and is constructed smaller than the statue,
and a device having a drive mechanism for sliding an image sensor within an imaging plane, the image sensor capturing, observing, and optionally tracking a selected object within a scene. In order to do this, the image is slidably supported over the entire image, and the drive mechanism includes drives operating in different directions.

An advantage of the invention is that when tracking objects that are arbitrarily movable but remain within the scene, the lens and housing of the device can be arranged in a fixed manner, and only the image sensor and possibly its It is only necessary to move some of the equipment required for scanning. This significantly reduces the mass that must be moved. Furthermore, on the one hand, the apparent field of view of the device, which corresponds to the effective aperture angle of the lens, is relatively large;
On the other hand, however, the actual field of view, i.e. the part of the image that is observed at any point in time with respect to the image sensor, and that appears in some cases on the entire screen, is smaller than the actual field of view, whereas in comparable known systems the field of view is always equal to the field of view. , is also advantageous in that it is relatively small. The additional advantage here is that the image parts displayed in each case are displayed with very good reproduction quality and high resolution. This is because the entire photosensitive surface and the entire screen of the image sensor are prepared for this purpose.

Further advantageous features of the invention emerge from the dependent claims.

(Example) The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The device 1 of the invention, schematically shown in FIG. 1, is mounted on a column 2,
Used to observe or monitor building 3.

The device 1 could optionally be mounted inside a building 3 as indicated by 4 and used to observe or monitor the space in front of the building.

As shown in FIG. 2.3, a closed housing 5 contained in the device 1 has a hole in the front face, into which a lens 6 is replaceably installed. The lens 6 has an aperture 7 as usual,
Additionally, manually or automatically controllable devices 8.9 for adjusting the diaphragm aperture and focusing can be provided. The lens 6 sharply images the scene 10 onto a generally indicated, preferably flat imaging plane ll, as is commonly done in conventional television cameras, and the distance between the imaging plane and the aperture 7 is It depends on the focal length of 6. Jean 10 represents the apparent field of view of the device 1, which field is formed by a cone-shaped bundle of rays at an acute angle β.

A signal plate 12 is disposed within the housing 5 behind the lens 6, and the signal plate supports a photosensitive image pickup element 14 configured in a planar shape. The signal plate 12 preferably consists of = 10-CCD chips (CCD-charge-coupled devices), which is provided with an imaging element 14 formed by a number of photosensitive elements or cells arranged, for example, in rows and columns. , the element or cell acts as a photoelectric converter that, when irradiated with light, generates an analog electrical signal that corresponds to the brightness or hue value of the light. All photosensitive elements or cells then form a flat or curved photosensitive surface corresponding to the image plane. In addition, the signal board 12 can be equipped with necessary wiring, amplifiers, memories, etc. on the rear side, and these form a substrate, often combined together with the signal board 12 and the image sensor 14 into an integrated semiconductor device. The device f 17 to which the image sensor 14 or the substrate is connected via the flexible cable 16 includes a control circuit etc. necessary for scanning the image sensor 14 and electronic elements necessary for processing electrical signals obtained by scanning, A normal image signal or video signal standardized (for example, by the International Radiocommunication Consultative Committee) is output from the output terminal 18. The photosensitive surface of the signal plate 12 is smaller than the imaging surface 11, preferably substantially smaller.

As shown in FIG. 4, the holder 19 to which the signal plate 12 is fixed preferably has a rectangular frame, and both ends thereof are supported and slidable within respective Y-axis guides 20, 21. The Y-axis guides 20, 21 are parallel to each other, and the imaging plane 11 (second...
(Fig. 3) are arranged in parallel. Both Y-axis guides 20, 2
1 are further connected by a horizontal member 22.23 whose upper and lower ends are parallel, and which are used to connect the upper and lower ends parallel to each other and parallel to the imaging plane 11, but perpendicular to the Y-axis guide 20.21. Another frame is formed which is slidably disposed within the X-axis guide 24,25. The X-axis guides 24,25 are joined by transverse struts to form a further frame 26, which is rigidly mounted within the housing 5.

A drive mechanism is coupled to a protrusion 27 provided on the side surface of the guide 20. The drive mechanism includes, for example, a linear drive bag w28 fixed to the protrusion 27 and effective in the Y-axis direction, which is connected to the connecting rod 2.
9. The connecting rod is firmly connected to one holder through an arm plate 30.

Therefore, when the connecting rod 29 is moved in and out parallel to the arrow Y by the drive device 28, the holder 19 moves in the Y-axis direction. Similarly, the frame 26 has a protrusion 31 on its lower surface, which is connected to another drive mechanism. This drive mechanism includes, for example, a linear drive 32 fixed to the projection 31 and active in the It is strongly combined with. When the connecting rod 33 is moved in and out parallel to the arrow X by the drive device 32, the holder 19 slides in the X-axis direction together with the members necessary for movement in the Y-axis direction. Incidentally, the movement of the holder 19 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is caused by the movement of the image sensor 14.
The entire photosensitive surface of the image forming apparatus always remains on the imaging plane 11. The image plane is a circle that occurs when the entire scene represented by the angle β in FIG. 35 (Figure 4).

The drive mechanism for the image sensor 14 preferably includes an electrically controllable near motor as a drive device 28.32 for linearly reciprocating the connecting rod 29.33. Alternatively, the drive shaft configured as a threaded spindle can be connected to one arm plate 30, 34 each.
Any other drive device, for example a reversible direct current motor, rotatably supported in an internally threaded nut may also be used. Furthermore, the connecting rod 29.33 could also be designed as a piston rod in a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement. It is also possible, for example, to provide a manually operable drive mechanism by simply providing the connecting rod 29,33 with an end that projects from the housing 5 and can be grasped by hand.

In Figure 5, the parts moved by the drive mechanism are block 3.
8, which is connected to a control circuit 39 so that movement in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction can be controlled by manually operable members such as the lever element 40 or the ball element 41. Further, FIG. 5 shows a power supply 42 connected to the device W1 and a video monitor 43 connected to the output terminal 18 and supplied with image signals. Alternatively, a magnetic recording device or the like may be connected to the output terminal 18.

The lens 6 schematically indicated in FIG. 6 has a conical apparent field β. Imaging surface 1 of the lens on which the image sensor 14 slides
This entire field of view is imaged at 1.

What is shown in FIG. 6 is only the slidability in the X-axis direction.

As shown in FIG. 6, the field of view of the ν lens 6 that is imaged on the imaging plane 11 is essentially larger than the dimensions of the image sensor 14. As shown in FIG. Alternatively, an image sensor 14 whose size is essentially smaller than the image formed on the image plane 11 in the space viewed from the lens 6 is used.

As a result, of the entire image formed by the image sensor 14, what is captured each time is only a small portion indicated by the conical portions 45a, 45b, and 45c of the acute angle α hatched in FIG. must be called the actual field of view.

Therefore, the image sensor 14 captures the conical portion 45a when it is in one end position as shown in FIG. 6a.

The image sensor 14 is gradually advanced in the direction of arrow
When moved to the other end position shown in the figure, the image sensor detects the conical part 45c in this position, and the conical part between the end positions, for example, the conical part 45b shown in FIG. 6b.
capture. The same applies when the image sensor 14 is slid in the Y-axis direction.

The photosensitive elements of the image sensor 14 are scanned row by row and column by column and converted into image signals using conventional means of television or video technology. The image signal includes information corresponding to the brightness value or hue value of a pixel of the image formed on the image plane 11 that is incident on the photosensitive surface of the image sensor 14 . The photosensitive surface is reproduced as a frame on the screen of a video monitor 43 (FIG. 5) using conventional television electronics or video electronics, so that what is seen each time on the screen is the field of view of the lens 6. Of these, there is an acute angle α in Figure 6.
It is a small part defined by conical parts 45a to 45c,
Therefore, it corresponds to the actual field of view. On the other hand, the part where the field of view β is displayed can be arbitrarily selected in advance simply by sliding the image sensor 14 on the imaging plane 11, and in this case, the lens 6,
There is no need to move the housing 5 or the device 17 in any way. The same is true when tracking moving objects through a captured scene. Therefore, the "actual field of view" is the part that appears on the screen each time, whereas the "apparent field of view" is the scene that appears on the imaging plane 11 but does not appear on the screen.

The advantages obtained with the invention are particularly apparent from FIG.

Conventionally, in order to clearly reproduce parts of a large object, such as a building 3, it has been necessary for the TV camera to be installed on top of the tower 2 or at a location 4 so as to be tiltable, pivotable, and rotatable. For this reason, when installed on top of the tower 2, it is necessary to install a swing bearing and a rotating bearing at the tip of the tower so that they can be controlled through the inside of the tower 2. However, when installed at the location 4, the camera A sufficiently large opening had to be provided in the outer wall to allow movement of the On the other hand, the device 1 of the present invention
Using this, a relatively small and flat housing containing only the lens 6, the sliding parts and the drive mechanism can be fixedly arranged on the tower 2 or at the point 4, and this housing It is only necessary to connect to other devices installed on the ground or inside the building 3 via electric wires, and no problems such as sealing occur.

Furthermore, due to the reduced weight of moving parts it can be assumed that considerable energy is saved when automatically controlling the drive mechanism.
This is particularly advantageous when the device 1 of the invention is used inside or on the surface of a moving object such as an automobile or a ship. Finally, by choosing a suitable wide-angle lens, an apparent field of view of β = 180° or even more can be obtained, making it possible to obtain an ideal distortion-free image, especially for specific observation or monitoring requests. When regeneration is not required, it is even possible to use a so-called fisheye lens.

The motion of the image sensor 14 in two directions can not only be used to capture and possibly track objects within the imageable scene, but also when the entire device 1 described above moves itself. It can also easily be used to stabilize objects on a video monitor 43 (FIG. 5). This is a problem, for example, when the device 1 is mounted on a car, ship, airplane or other flying object. If the device moves due to the instability of the object to which W1 is attached, another part of the scene captured by the camera will be displayed on the video monitor 43.
It will appear at the top. In order to eliminate this drawback, it is also possible to move the image sensor 14 in both the X-axis and Y-axis directions as mentioned above so that the displayed or recorded object always remains the same even though the camera moves in these directions. It is.

In other words, any directional deviation of the camera in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction causes the image sensor 14 to
Compensation can be achieved by moving in the opposite direction in the axial direction or in the Y-axis direction.

The simplest form of such stabilization is provided by a gyro mount, which is usually mounted in a ship, airplane, etc., and is generally indicated by block 47 in FIG.

Such a gyro stand is part of a normal inertial navigation system, and the X or Y axis, which is assumed to be spatially fixed,
That is, it generates an electrical signal that corresponds to the deviation of a ship, airplane, etc. from a spatially fixed coordinate system. The signal thus obtained is then fed to the drive device 28.32. For this purpose, instead of the output signal of the gyro platform, the output signal of a conventional background-tracker, schematically indicated by block 48 in FIG. 5, may also be used. This is a computer control system that uses selected fixed points as spatially fixed reference points for calculating positional deviations of ships, airplanes, etc. in the X-axis direction or Y-axis direction. Alternatively, it would be conceivable to combine both devices, for example using block 47 for tax stabilization and block 48 for fine stabilization.

The described type of stabilization can be used for applications in which the device 1 is pivotable about the X or Y axis but is fixedly arranged in the The two-way stabilization is sufficient for purposes such as traveling on top. If rotation or pivoting around the X axis is also possible,
The stabilization of the axis and the Y axis is sufficient to stabilize the respective observed object within the screen. However, this object is 2
There is no way to avoid tilting about the axis.

Therefore, according to the first embodiment of the invention, the image sensor 14
is not only disposed so as to be movable parallel to the X and Y axes, but also supported rotatably about the X axis. Furthermore, the signal plate 12 is not fixedly attached to the holder 19;
It is supported in the holder so that it can rotate once by another drive mechanism. This further drive mechanism includes, for example, a drive device 50, which drives the holder 1.
9 and can be connected to the device 17 via a not-illustrated flexible couple similar to the cable 16. This makes it possible to slide the holder 19 and the driving device 50 along with it in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction, and simultaneously rotate the image sensor 14 around the X-axis. Therefore, even if the entire device rotates around the X axis due to the rotation of the object to which the device 1 is attached, this can be compensated for by appropriately rotating the image sensor 14 in the opposite direction. The image area is stable in all respects. The operation signal for the drive unit W5Q is the drive unit 28.3.
2, it can be taken out from the output terminals of blocks 47 and/or 48.

It is sometimes desirable to obtain still images in a rotating flying object, ie, a flying object capable of rotating an arbitrary number of 360 degrees about the X-axis. Such an application case arises, for example, when the device 1 is mounted on a helicopter 51, schematically indicated in FIG. 7, and the X-axis is assumed to be a perpendicular line (=line 52).

When the helicopter 51 is turned around the X-axis in the same rotational direction an arbitrary number of times, the image pickup device must be able to rotate around the X-axis a corresponding number of times. At this time, in order to avoid twisting or tangling of the flexible cable 16 (Fig. 2.3), the signal board 12 is fixed as shown in Fig. 8.
can be supported by a slip ring arrangement 53, preferably configured in a micro-oval.

For this purpose, the holder 19 is designed, for example, as a sleeve and is provided with a flange 54, on which
A drive device 50, preferably a rotary motor, is fixed and has a rotatable drive shaft 55 arranged parallel to or on the X-axis. Cylinder 5 coaxially surrounding holder 19
6 has a front wall 57 at its end remote from the drive device 50, which is fixed to the drive shaft 55. This front wall 57
serves as a support for a board 58 attached to the back side of the signal board 12, and contains wires and the like leading to the cable 16 within the board.

The cylinder 56 has on its inner circumferential surface a number of brushes 59, schematically indicated in FIG. The five brushes are connected to each one conductor 60 coming from the base plate 58 and passing, if necessary, through the front wall 57, and abut each one slip ring 61. All of the slip rings 61 are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the holder 19 and are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction. The slip ring 61 is led out via a conductor 62 each passed through the holder 19 and its flange 54, where it is bundled into the cable 16 seen in FIG. 2.3. Incidentally, the brush 59 and the slip ring 61 are made of a highly conductive material, and the slip ring 61 coaxially surrounds the drive shaft 55. As a result, when the drive shaft 55 rotates, each conducting wire 60 is always connected to the attached conducting wire 62 via the pair of five brushes and slip ring 61 attached thereto. While the conductor 60 rotates together with the front wall 57 and the signal board 12, the conductor 62, and therefore also the cable 16, is held unrotatable and can be moved together with one holder in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction. Only. Therefore, the illustrated slip ring arrangement 53 allows the drive shaft 55 to rotate 360 degrees in the same direction any number of times without kinking or entangling the cables 16.

The device of the present invention is not limited to the case where the signal plate 12 moves parallel to the coordinates of the XY orthogonal coordinate system.

For example, it would be possible to carry out the movement in the X-axis or Y-axis direction under an angle other than 90''./Furthermore, the signal board could be moved on the one hand on an arc, and on the other hand the radius of the arc could be changed, That is, it is also possible to control the movement not along Cartesian coordinates, but along polar coordinates.In this embodiment, too, the movement is centered around the Z axis, i.e. around an axis perpendicular to the plane in which the signal board moves in two directions. It is possible for the signal board to rotate additionally.

This second embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically in FIG.
In this case, it is assumed that the entire device 1 is attached to an object 64 such as a flying object, and only the parts of the device necessary for moving the image sensor 14 are shown.

A first drive mechanism is fixedly attached to the object 64 with a rotating motor as a drive bag w65, and a mounting block 66 is fixed to the drive shaft of the motor. Mounting block 66
A second drive mechanism fixedly attached to has a drive device 67 . This consists, for example, of a rotary motor, which is fixed to the mounting block 66 and has a drive shaft. This drive shaft is rotatably connected to the mounting block 6 through an angle gear 67a.
6 and is connected to a threaded spindle 68 which is supported within the shaft 6. The axis of the drive shaft of the drive device 65 is preferably perpendicular to the axis of the threaded spindle 68.

At least one guide rod 69 is fastened to the mounting block 66 parallel to the screw spindle 68, which guide rod projects from a guide hole of a further mounting block 70, which also has a screw hole into which the screw spindle 68 is screwed. There is. A third drive mechanism fixed to the front face of the mounting block 70 has a drive 71, preferably also consisting of a rotary motor, the drive shaft of which connects the mounting block 7 via an angle gear 71a.
It is firmly connected to the signal board 12 disposed on the front side of 〇 or the substrate supporting it. The two drives W65,71 are preferably arranged such that their axes are parallel to each other.

The rotation of the screw spindle 68 causes a movement in the radial direction starting from the axis of the drive 65, while the rotation of the drive 65 is associated with a rotation of the mounting block 66 and thus also of the signal plate 12 by a rotation angle 1. Because
The drives 65, 67 make it possible to slide the signal board 12 in a planar polar coordinate system. The object reproduced by the image sensor 14 tilts with the rotation, but this can be compensated by turning on the drive device 71 and thereby rotating the signal plate 12 in the opposite direction by an angle corresponding to the rotation angle A. can do. This allows, on the one hand, if the device 1 is placed in a fixed position, objects selected from the photographed scene, or even moving objects, can be tracked without rotating the object in the displayed or photographed image, even when using polar coordinates. It becomes possible to do so. On the other hand, in the application example shown in FIG. 7, the drive device 71 can be used to stabilize the image of the observed object while rotating about the vertical axis. Blocks 47, 48 shown in FIG. 5 can be used to carry out this control, in which case it would additionally be necessary to convert the control signals in polar coordinates.

Incidentally, all of the controls described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 and FIG. 9 can be performed purely mechanically and manually. Furthermore, in the embodiment of FIG. 9, in order to avoid entanglement of the cable 16 connected to the signal board 12 or the board as in the case of FIG. By doing so, the drive device 71 can also be coupled to the signal plate 12 via the slip ring 72. Furthermore, the cable 16 can be guided through a further suitable slip ring arrangement 73,
The drive device 65 is coupled to the mounting block 66 through the slip ring arrangement so that the mounting block 66 can also be rotated as desired.

FIG. 10.11 schematically shows the operating mode of the inventive device W1 shown in FIGS. 2-4. In FIG. 10, the field of view 74 of the lens 75, ie the scene that can be captured, is indicated by a circle rotated 90° into the plane of illustration, in which a circle 76, an arrow 7
An object characterized by 7 and a rod 78 is arranged for viewing by an observer at the installation location of the device 1. Of this object, for example, four characteristic details surrounded by one rectangle 7
9a to 79d are the parts to be displayed on the monitor. A lens 75 images this object onto the imaging plane 11 in a mirrored manner as indicated in FIG. 10 by a circle 80 rotated 90 DEG to the plane of illustration. Part of the object 76.77.78
are viewed by an observer who looks from the direction of the image sensor 14 arranged behind the imaging plane 11 or from the side of the device 17, that is, from the rear, for example, towards a focusing glass arranged above the imaging plane 11. As shown in the figure.

Negative/positive conversion must be performed to prevent a mirrored image from appearing on the screen of the video monitor 43 (FIG. 5). This is done using conventional means of television technology, either within the device W17 or at any other point in the signal path between the image sensor 14 and the screen of the video monitor 43. Therefore,
Details 79a to 79d (FIG. 10) are video monitor 43.
In this case, the size of the image sensor 14 is determined from the details 79a to 79a in FIG.
Assuming that the size is the same as the rectangle surrounding 79d, the enlarged details 79a to 79d (FIG. 11) can be visualized in a positive manner.

In a practical embodiment corresponding to FIGS. 2-4, the width is 4°5M,
A CCD chip with an image sensor with a height of 6 mm and a diagonal length of 7.5 rI1 m is used, and the image sensor is placed on this surface with 6
It is equipped with a photosensitive element (pixel) of 04 (H) x 575 (V). The lens has a focal length of 24 mm, an aperture value of 2.8, a diagonal length of approximately 43.3 mm, and dimensions of 24 mm x 3.
It is designed for 6n+m cameras. As a result, the field of view that can be captured by the lens and imaged within the dimensions of 24 mm x 36 mm is an acute angle of 84.1°, assuming that objects that are relatively far away from the lens are imaged approximately on the focal plane of the lens. coincides with the conical part of Image sensor is 7.5mm
Since it has a diagonal of , the image sensor can only capture the field of view within the acute 17.8° cone in each case. In order to capture the entire field of view according to the dimensions of 24 mm x 36 mm, the center point formed by the diagonal lines of the image sensor should be approximately 3 points away from the half of the diagonal line of the 24 mm x 36 mm dimensions.
．． 75rnm smaller radius, approximately 17.9mm radius
must be movable within a circular plane.

Although the invention could be implemented with conventional technology, it is preferably implemented with conventional CCD technology. For example, aqua Ge5ellschaftfur Ind.
Ustriekameras und Mikroel
A CCD chip used in the CCD high-resolution color camera HR600C of ektronik GmbH896G Gempten (West Germany) or the CCD ultra-compact robot eye 5M72 of the same company is suitable.

Both devices are CCIR television standard with 62 scanning lines.
5 lines, 50 rasters/second, compatible with 2:1 interlaced scanning system. Robot Eye 5M72 has a length of 30m including the signal board.
A sensor head of m x 40 mm x 30 tnm (width x height x depth) is provided, which is connected to the electronics via a flexible cable, the latter being connectable via another cable to the monitor and the power supply (12v). Or CCD signal boards from other companies, such as Thomson (Thomson-C3F Division Tu)
TH7861 type C from bes Electronique, Boulogne “Byancourt Cedex/France)
CD signal board CD signal board company (Valvo GmbHU).

B. Bauelemente der Ph1lips
An RGS imager from GmbH, Hamburg, West Germany) can also be used.

FIG. 12 shows a typical block diagram of a CCD element. A signal plate 82 disposed behind the lens 81 has a CCD image sensor 83, and if necessary, the CCD image sensor can be combined with a matrix storage plate and registers necessary for reading it by integration technology to form a CCD image conversion block 84. It is. One horizontal driver 85 and one vertical driver 86 on each signal board 82
is connected and is under the control of a clock generator 87 which generates the horizontal and vertical scan pulses or tarok pulses necessary to read out the image sensor 83 or storage plate row by row and column. 31 = Ru. A processing block 89 to which the read signal is supplied via an amplification block 88 is controlled by a tarlock generator 87, and a necessary synchronization signal is supplied to the processing block from a synchronization block 90 controlled by the tarlock generator 87. The control program is stored in a program memory 91 configured as a ROM, for example.

The optical filter 92 that the signal plate 82 has on the front includes, for example, a protection filter that protects the image sensor 83 from short wavelength radiation. Furthermore, when transmitting a color image, a color raster filter 93, which can be disposed directly in front of the image sensor 83, is used to control each element of the image sensor 83 or each scanning line (
Assign a red, green or blue filter element to a pixel (pixel). Signals obtained by the image pickup device 83 are processed for television use in eight processing blocks depending on each video monitor, and outputted as an image signal from an output terminal 94 connected thereto. Finally, the dashed line 95 is the preferred separation point between the movable module and the module fixedly arranged in the housing, the section 82, -32 = 85.86.88 is the movable block, and the section 81.8
7.89.90.91 form a fixed block.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but can be modified in various ways. Instead of the blocks 47.48 described on the basis of FIG. 5, a gyro 96.9 is installed in the housing of the device 1, for example as suggested in FIG.
7.98 can also be used and these are connected to the stabilization and control circuit 99. In this way, all signals required for stabilization and indicating deviations from the desired target position are located in the device itself, and the drive device 2
8.32.50 and is used to stabilize the image portion being observed. Gyro 96 may be an X-axis gyro, gyro 97 may be a Y-axis gyro, and gyro 98 may be a gyro that locates rotational motion about the Z-axis.

Furthermore, as is generally done in photography and television technology, it is possible to selectively equip the device of the present invention with various lenses to display the photographed object on the screen in black and white or in color. In addition, the present invention is not limited to the application of visible light, but can also be suitably modified and used to photograph objects using infrared technology, X-ray technology or ultraviolet technology. Finally, by additionally mounting a microwave transmitter on the signal plate 12 or on a substrate coupled thereto, the slip ring arrangement can be dispensed with.

This microwave transmitter transmits all the signals hitherto transmitted via cable 16 to device 17 . In this case, the device 17 would be equipped with a suitable receiver for transferring the received signal, for example to the output terminal 18 or to an amplifier connected thereto. The advantage of this is that the cable 16 only has to supply the operating voltage for the signal board or its board, and this can be easily achieved without the use of complex slip ring arrangements. can.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an application mode of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing the device of the present invention as a plan view along the cross-sectional line I[-II in FIG. 4, and FIG. A schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing the device shown in the figure as a side view along the cross-sectional line ■-■ in FIG.
Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in Figure 3;
The figures are block diagrams of the apparatus shown in figures 2 to 4, and figures 6a to 60.
The figure shows an outline of sector scanning of the field of view using the apparatus shown in Figs. 2 to 5, Fig. 7 shows an outline of the applicability of the apparatus shown in Figs. FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the drive mechanism for the device shown in FIGS. 2-4, and FIGS. 10 and 11 are views 2-4. A schematic representation of the details of the object within the field of view of the device shown in Figure 5 reproduced on the screen of the video display;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a circuit arrangement that can be connected to the device of the present invention. 5...Housing 6...Lens 11...Imaging surface 14...Image sensor 43...Video monitor 28.32.65.67...Drive device~・2・i9~・3・Ftg, 77

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A housing, a lens attached to the housing for imaging a scene on an image plane, and a lens disposed within the housing and on the image plane and for individually capturing a portion of the image. The image sensor has a planar structure for converting the brightness and, in some cases, the hue of the pixels of the image sensor into electrical signals, the image sensor is slidably mounted and smaller than the image, and the image sensor is configured to be slidably mounted and smaller than the image. In an apparatus for photographing a scene, in particular for the purpose of reproducing the scene on the screen of a video monitor, the imaging element (14) has a drive mechanism for sliding the element within the imaging plane (11). Drives (28, 32) are slidably supported over the image and the drive mechanisms operate in different directions in order to photograph, observe and possibly track selected objects within the scene. or 65, 67). Device 3 according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanism further includes a drive device (50, 71) for rotating the imaging element (14). 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the element (40) consists of a photosensitive element or cell of a CCD element. Connecting rod (2) of drive unit (28)
Device 5 according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the holder (19) is connected to a frame (9) that supports a drive device (28) and is connected to a second drive device (32). 20, 21, 23,
5. Device 6 according to claim 4, characterized in that it is supported in a guide (20, 21) of 24). Device 7 according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that a slip ring arrangement (53) is provided attached to the drive mechanism for the further drive device (50, 71).