JPH01124963A - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01124963A JPH01124963A JP62283938A JP28393887A JPH01124963A JP H01124963 A JPH01124963 A JP H01124963A JP 62283938 A JP62283938 A JP 62283938A JP 28393887 A JP28393887 A JP 28393887A JP H01124963 A JPH01124963 A JP H01124963A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reformer
- fuel cell
- heating
- power generation
- electric heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は、原料ガスを改質して水素をつくり、この水素
と酸素（空気）を反応させて直接電気工オルギーを得る
燃料電池に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a fuel cell that produces hydrogen by reforming raw material gas, and reacts this hydrogen with oxygen (air) to directly obtain electrician orghy. It is.
［従来技術］
燃料電池は、原料ガスの有する化学エネルギーを直接電
気工ネルキーに変換する発電効率の高い発電装置とし゛
〔、近年実用化に向けた開発が積極的に進められている
。[Prior Art] A fuel cell is a highly efficient power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of a raw material gas into electrical energy, and has been actively developed for practical use in recent years.
一般に、燃料電池は電池電圧を高くすることにより発電
効率を向りさせることができるので、電池の内部抵抗を
小さくするなどして電池電圧を高くする努力かなされて
いる。−・方、電池電圧が高い時は、電極触媒として利
用されている白金粒子か凝集（シンタリング）現象を起
こすことにより、耐疲活性か低下し、発生する電池電圧
の低下、即ち電池寿命の短縮が促進されることが知られ
ている。これを防１にするために、燃料電気の電気負荷
が小さく電池電圧が高くなるとき、例えば、単電池電圧
０．７５ Ｖ以−ヒの場合に電気負荷を追加して電池電
圧を下げる方法を採用することか知られている。In general, power generation efficiency of fuel cells can be improved by increasing the battery voltage, so efforts are being made to increase the battery voltage by reducing the internal resistance of the battery. - On the other hand, when the battery voltage is high, platinum particles used as an electrode catalyst cause agglomeration (sintering) phenomenon, resulting in a decrease in fatigue resistance, resulting in a decrease in battery voltage, which shortens the battery life. It is known that shortening is promoted. In order to prevent this from happening, when the electrical load of fuel electricity is small and the battery voltage becomes high, for example, when the cell voltage is 0.75 V or higher, we recommend adding an electrical load to lower the battery voltage. Is it known to be adopted?
この方法として従来採られているものの一つに、追加す
る電気負荷に電池冷却水加熱用ヒータを利用する方法か
ある。第２図は、この電池冷却水加熱用ヒータを利用す
る方法の作動を説明するものである。One conventional method for this purpose is to use a heater for heating battery cooling water as an additional electrical load. FIG. 2 explains the operation of the method using this heater for heating battery cooling water.
ｊＸ料ガス１は、改￥ｉ器２において改質され水素リッ
チな改質ガス３となって電池本体４のアノード５に送ら
れ、電気化学反応により発電を行う。The JX material gas 1 is reformed in the reformer 2 to become a hydrogen-rich reformed gas 3, which is sent to the anode 5 of the battery body 4, where it generates electricity through an electrochemical reaction.
反応の剰余水素を含みアノード５を出た燃焼用ガス６は
、改質器２の可燃ガス燃焼用バーナ７において燃焼し、
原料ガスｌの改質に必要な熱を供給する。Combustion gas 6 containing residual hydrogen from the reaction and leaving the anode 5 is combusted in the combustible gas combustion burner 7 of the reformer 2,
Supplies the heat necessary for reforming the raw material gas l.
電池本体４は、゛電池冷却器８におい°Ｃ循環ポンプ９
により循環する電池冷却水ｌＯにより冷却され、発電反
応に伴い生ずる排熱が除去される。電池冷却水１０は、
排熱回収用熱交換器１１又は温度制御用熱交換器１２に
おいて冷却されることにより設定の温度に制御される。The battery body 4 is equipped with a battery cooler 8 and a °C circulation pump 9.
The battery is cooled by the circulating battery cooling water lO, and the exhaust heat generated due to the power generation reaction is removed. The battery cooling water 10 is
The temperature is controlled to a set temperature by being cooled in the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 11 or the temperature control heat exchanger 12.
排熱回収用熱交換器１１においては回収された排熱１３
は給湯等の熱負荷に利用される。In the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 11, the recovered exhaust heat 13
is used for heat loads such as hot water supply.
燃料電池の電気負荷が小さく電池電圧か高くなる場合、
この方法では電池冷却水加熱用ヒータ１４を電気負荷と
してかけることにより電池電圧をドげ電極触媒の凝集現
象を防止する。電池冷却水ｌＯは、電池冷却水加熱用ヒ
ータ１４の作動により設定温度よりも高温になるので、
排熱回収用熱交換器１１又は温度制御用熱交換器１２の
作動により設定温度まで冷却される。If the electrical load on the fuel cell is small and the battery voltage increases,
In this method, the heater 14 for heating battery cooling water is applied as an electric load to lower the battery voltage and prevent the agglomeration phenomenon of the electrode catalyst. Since the battery cooling water lO becomes higher in temperature than the set temperature due to the operation of the battery cooling water heating heater 14,
It is cooled to a set temperature by the operation of the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 11 or the temperature control heat exchanger 12.
［従来技術の問題点］
前述の従来方法（システム）においては、電気負荷とし
て追加された電池冷却水加熱用ヒータで発生した熱は、
燃料電池のシスデム内部では利用されず、排熱回収用熱
交換器又は温度制御用熱交換器によって外部に除去され
る。この場合、除去する熱を排熱回収用熱交換器で回収
しく１２０°Ｃ程度の高温水として回収が可能）給湯等
の熱負荷に利用されるならば、燃料電池全体のエネルギ
ー利用効率は低下することかないが、熱負荷がないと温
度制御用熱交換器において外部に無駄に放熱されること
になり、エネルギー利用効率の低下か大きいという欠点
が生ずる。また、前者のように給湯等の熱負荷に利用で
きる場合でも、比較的低温の熟エネルギーの形での利用
となるから、エクセルギーの立場からみてあまり有効で
はなく、かつ電気エネルギーの形では利用されないので
、発電効率か低下することには変わりない。[Problems with conventional technology] In the conventional method (system) described above, the heat generated by the battery cooling water heater added as an electrical load is
It is not used inside the fuel cell system, but is removed to the outside by a heat exchanger for exhaust heat recovery or a heat exchanger for temperature control. In this case, the heat to be removed is recovered by a heat exchanger for exhaust heat recovery, and can be recovered as high-temperature water of about 120°C.) If used for heat loads such as hot water supply, the energy use efficiency of the entire fuel cell will decrease. Although there is nothing to be done about it, if there is no heat load, heat will be wastefully radiated to the outside in the temperature control heat exchanger, resulting in a disadvantage that the energy utilization efficiency will be greatly reduced. Furthermore, even if it can be used for heat loads such as hot water supply, as in the former case, it is used in the form of mature energy at a relatively low temperature, so it is not very effective from an exergy standpoint, and it cannot be used in the form of electrical energy. Therefore, the power generation efficiency will still decrease.
［本発明の目的］
本発明は、燃料電池において、外部電気負荷が小さくな
った際の発電効率の低下を抑え、かつ外部型気負、荷が
小さい′ときの電池電圧の上界による電極触媒の凝集現
象を防止することが目的である。[Objective of the present invention] The present invention aims to suppress a decrease in power generation efficiency in a fuel cell when an external electrical load becomes small, and to reduce the electrode catalyst by the upper limit of the cell voltage when the external electrical load is small. The purpose is to prevent the agglomeration phenomenon.
［本発明の構成及びその作用］
本発明は、上記目的を達成する手段として、燃料電池の
改質器の加熱装置として、可燃ガス燃焼用バーナと自己
発電エネルギーを使用する電気ヒータを設けたものであ
る。[Structure and operation of the present invention] As a means to achieve the above object, the present invention is a heating device for a reformer of a fuel cell, which is equipped with a combustible gas combustion burner and an electric heater that uses self-generated energy. It is.
Ｅ記のように構成すると、外部電気負荷が小さいときに
は電気負荷として改質器加熱用ヒータに対する負荷を追
加する。これにより、改質器の温度か上昇し、改質器の
改質性能か向上するとともに、改質器加熱のため可燃ガ
ス燃焼用バーナに入る燃焼用ガスのｍを減らすことかり
能となる。When configured as in E, when the external electrical load is small, a load on the reformer heater is added as an electrical load. This increases the temperature of the reformer, improves the reforming performance of the reformer, and makes it possible to reduce the amount of combustion gas entering the combustible gas combustion burner for heating the reformer.
従って、（ンブ・・、 トする原料ガスのｔ、も減らす
ことがＩＩｆ能となり、従来の方法と比較ｊ）て発電効
率の良いｄ（転か行われることになる。Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of raw material gas (t) to be converted, and the power generation efficiency (d) can be increased compared to the conventional method.
［実施例及びその作用］
以↑°、未発明の実施例について図面を参照し・Ｃ共体
的に説明する。第１図は、本発明による燃料電池のシス
テムを示したものである。[Embodiments and their effects] Hereinafter, uninvented embodiments will be described in a collective manner with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
改質器２には改質器２内の適切なる位置に改質：＊２加
熱用の可燃ガス燃焼用バーナ７と改質器２加熱用°屯気
ヒータ１５か設けられている。The reformer 2 is provided with a combustible gas combustion burner 7 for heating the reformer 2 and an air heater 15 for heating the reformer 2 at appropriate positions within the reformer 2.
１−記実施例においては、通常の燃料電池運転時は、ア
ノード５からくる電池本体４ての発電反応て消費されな
かった剰余水素を含む燃焼用ガス６を可燃ガス燃焼用バ
ーナ７で燃焼させることにより原料ガスｌの改質に必要
な熱を得る。1- In the embodiment described above, during normal fuel cell operation, the combustion gas 6 containing surplus hydrogen that is not consumed by the power generation reaction of the cell main body 4 coming from the anode 5 is combusted in the combustible gas combustion burner 7. By doing so, the heat necessary for reforming the raw material gas l is obtained.
−力性部電気負荷１７か小さく、電池電圧か高くなる場
合は内部の電気負荷として電池本体４で発生した電気エ
ネルギーをライン１６によりとり出し、これにより改質
器２加熱用電気ヒータ■５を作動させる。- When the electric load 17 of the power section is small and the battery voltage is high, the electric energy generated in the battery body 4 is taken out as an internal electric load through the line 16, and the electric heater 5 for heating the reformer 2 is activated. Activate.
［本発明の効果］
本発明は以上のように、改Ｉｆｉ器２は外部負荷が小さ
くなった際、自己発電エネルギーを使う改質器加熱用電
気ヒータにより加熱され温度か上昇するので、原料ガス
を水素リッチな改質ガスに変える改質効率（原料ガスが
水素に変わる割合で示される）かｎ（燃ガス燃焼用バー
ナによる加熱のみの場合に比べ向上する。従って、アノ
ードに供給される改質ガス中の水素にが増大するので、
電池本体て行われる発電反応が効率良くなる。即ち、追
加した内部電気負荷で消費されるエネルギーが、電池本
体において再び電気の形で回収され、発電効率の向丘に
寄与することが可能になる。[Effects of the present invention] As described above, in the present invention, when the external load becomes small, the reformer 2 is heated by the electric heater for heating the reformer that uses self-generated energy, and the temperature rises. The reforming efficiency (indicated by the rate at which raw material gas is converted to hydrogen) or n (improved compared to the case of heating only by a fuel gas combustion burner. Therefore, the reforming efficiency supplied to the anode is As hydrogen in the quality gas increases,
The power generation reaction performed in the battery body becomes more efficient. That is, the energy consumed by the added internal electrical load is recovered in the form of electricity in the battery body, making it possible to contribute to improving power generation efficiency.
さらに、改質器を加熱するのに必要な可燃ガス燃焼用バ
ーナに送る燃焼用ガスの量を少なくすることができるの
で、インプットする原料ガスの量を少なくすることが可
能となる。従って、これも発電効率の向上に寄与するこ
とになる。Furthermore, since the amount of combustion gas sent to the combustible gas combustion burner required to heat the reformer can be reduced, it is possible to reduce the amount of raw material gas to be input. Therefore, this also contributes to improving power generation efficiency.
本発明においては、内部電気負荷に改質器の加熱用電気
ヒータを利用することにより、その追加の電気エネルギ
ーか改質器′Ｃ有効に利用され、完電効−にの向ｌｘと
いう形て還元される。従って、外部に廃ガス損失という
形ても出ていかず、また給湯温度レベルて熱利用すると
いう従来方式の低エクセルギー的利用方式に比べ、エク
セルギー論−Ｅからも有効である。In the present invention, by using the electric heater for heating the reformer as the internal electric load, the additional electric energy is effectively used in the reformer 'C, and the electric energy is effectively used in the form of lx towards full power efficiency. will be returned. Therefore, there is no waste gas loss to the outside, and it is also more effective from the exergy theory-E than the conventional low-exergy utilization method of utilizing heat at the hot water supply temperature level.
次に、外部電気負荷が小さく、電池電圧が高くなった場
合、内部の電気負荷として改質器加熱用電気ヒータを作
動させるため、電池電圧上昇による電極触媒の凝集現象
（シンタリンク）を防止することができる。この結果、
電池の耐久性か向上する。Next, when the external electrical load is small and the battery voltage is high, the electric heater for heating the reformer is activated as an internal electrical load, which prevents the agglomeration phenomenon (sinterlinking) of the electrode catalyst due to the increase in battery voltage. be able to. As a result,
Improves battery durability.
第１図は１本発明に係る燃料電池システムの系統図、第
２図は従来の燃料電池システムの系統図である。
ｌ・・・・・・原料ガス
２・・・・・・改質器
３・・・・・・改質カス
４・・・・・・電池本体
５・・・・・・アノード
６・・・・・・燃焼用ガス
７・・・・・・可燃ガス燃焼用バーナ
８・・・・・・電池冷却器
９・・・・・・循環ポンプ
ｌＯ・・・電池冷却水
１１−・・排熱回収用熱交換器
１２・・・温度制御用熱交換器
１３・・・回収排熱
１４・・・電池冷却水加熱用ヒータ
１５・・・改質器加熱用電気ヒータ
１６・・・ライン
１７・・・外部′、し無負荷FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a fuel cell system according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a system diagram of a conventional fuel cell system. l... Raw material gas 2... Reformer 3... Reformed scum 4... Battery body 5... Anode 6... ... Combustion gas 7 ... Combustible gas combustion burner 8 ... Battery cooler 9 ... Circulation pump lO ... Battery cooling water 11 - ... Exhaust heat Recovery heat exchanger 12... Temperature control heat exchanger 13... Recovery exhaust heat 14... Battery cooling water heating heater 15... Reformer heating electric heater 16... Line 17...・・External′, no load
Claims (2)
の改質器において、改質器の加熱装置として可燃ガス燃
焼用バーナと自己発電エネルギーを使用する電気ヒータ
とを併設したことを特徴とする燃料電池。(1) In a fuel cell reformer that generates reformed gas by reforming raw material gas, a burner for combustible gas combustion and an electric heater that uses self-generated energy are installed as heating devices for the reformer. A fuel cell featuring:
ナは、燃料電池の運転中常時使用するものとし、一方電
気ヒータは、燃料電池の外部電気負荷が小さい場合に内
部電気負荷として使用するようにした特許請求の範囲第
１項に記載の燃料電池。(2) Among the heating devices of the reformer, the burner for combustible gas combustion shall be used at all times during the operation of the fuel cell, while the electric heater shall be used as an internal electric load when the external electric load of the fuel cell is small. A fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell is configured to:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62283938A JPH01124963A (en) | 1987-11-10 | 1987-11-10 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62283938A JPH01124963A (en) | 1987-11-10 | 1987-11-10 | Fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01124963A true JPH01124963A (en) | 1989-05-17 |
Family
ID=17672161
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62283938A Pending JPH01124963A (en) | 1987-11-10 | 1987-11-10 | Fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01124963A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09147897A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-06-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Solid high polymer fuel cell |
| WO2002029918A1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2002-04-11 | Renault | Device for maintaining the temperature of the reformer of the powering system of a vehicle fuel cell |
| US7191455B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2007-03-13 | Sony Corporation | Disk-type recording and/or reproducing apparatus and method of judging disc-shaped recording medium of disc-type recording and/or reproducing apparatus |
| US7659019B2 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2010-02-09 | Idatech, Llc | Thermally primed hydrogen-producing fuel cell system |
-
1987
- 1987-11-10 JP JP62283938A patent/JPH01124963A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09147897A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-06-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Solid high polymer fuel cell |
| WO2002029918A1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2002-04-11 | Renault | Device for maintaining the temperature of the reformer of the powering system of a vehicle fuel cell |
| FR2815175A1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2002-04-12 | Renault | DEVICE FOR HOLDING THE REFORMER OF THE VEHICLE FUEL CELL TRACTION SYSTEM IN TEMPERATURE |
| US7191455B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2007-03-13 | Sony Corporation | Disk-type recording and/or reproducing apparatus and method of judging disc-shaped recording medium of disc-type recording and/or reproducing apparatus |
| US7659019B2 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2010-02-09 | Idatech, Llc | Thermally primed hydrogen-producing fuel cell system |
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