JPH01111521A - Door structure for automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable a plurality of second doors to be selectively removably attached to a first door so that the door can be 'dressed up', by providing the first door on a car body to be opened and closed while providing the second door on the first door to be removably attached thereto through a lock means. CONSTITUTION:A door 1 is constituted from a first door 2, second door 3, hinge 4 for causing the first door 2 to engage the second door 3 and lock means 6 locked by inserting an engaging piece projecting to the inside surface of second door 3. The first door 2 has the front portion of door frame 2a connected to a car body with a plurality of hinges 2b and is provided on the rear portion with a door locking device 2c for the car body, while being provided inside with a conventional window regulator 2d or the like. On the other hand, a type A of second door 3 applied to an open type of car body and a type B of second door 3 applied to a coupe type of car body are respectively prepared. Each type of second door 3 is selectively removably attached to the first door 2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to an automobile door structure in which the outer panel of the door is replaceable.

(Prior Art) Currently, there are various body types for automobiles, and the two main types are open types in which the driver's seat is open to the outside, and types in which the interior of the car is isolated from the outside, such as sedans and coupes. It is broadly divided into Doors of different shapes and structures are attached to each type of vehicle body. For example, open-type car doors are molded with a low belt line (the top surface of the door) and do not have a window glass, while coupe-type car doors have a high belt line compared to open types. Generally, it is molded and has a window glass (see Figures 6 and 7). Each door is attached to the vehicle body with a hinge so that it can be opened and closed freely, and the inner and outer panels of the door have a door lock mechanism inside the door.
It was formed into a box shape to accommodate a regulator for raising and lowering the windshield, and the inner and outer panels were fixed with adhesive or the like. As an example of such a door structure,
There is one as shown in Japanese Patent No. 2-46218.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In recent years, automobiles having a so-called changeable body structure in which each outer panel member of the automobile body can be replaced have been attracting attention. However, in the conventional door structure as described above, only one type of door can be applied to one vehicle body, which means that it is impossible to change the door. Furthermore, with conventional door structures, the door inner panel fixed to the door outer panel must be removed during servicing due to failure of the door lock mechanism, window glass raising/lowering regulator, or open lever installed inside the door. Since it has to be removed and the removal work is complicated, an improvement has been desired.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In view of the above points, the present invention is such that a second door is removably provided on the outer surface of a first door that can be opened and closed with respect to a vehicle body, The first door is provided with a door opening/closing support mechanism linked to the vehicle body, and is provided with a locking means for engaging the second door with the first door, so that at least the shape of the outer panel of the door can be changed. The present invention relates to a characteristic automobile door structure.

(Operation) The operation of the present invention with the above configuration is such that the second door can be attached to and detached from the first door by means of a locking means that engages the second door with the first door. The second door is replaceable, and the door opening/closing support mechanism provided in the first door and other services can be performed by simply removing the second door.6 (Example) Next, the present invention will be implemented. An example will be explained using drawings.

An automobile having the door structure of the present invention has an interior layout as shown in FIG.
an engagement hinge 4 for engaging the second door 3 to the door 2;
The main part is a locking means 6 into which a locking piece 5 protruding from the inner surface of the door 3 is inserted and locked.

As shown in FIG. 2, the first door 2 has two second door engaging members 4a, 4a at the lower part of the outer surface of a door frame 2a made of carbon fiber and formed into a box shape with a low central upper surface. , there are locking means 6a, 6 at the same two places on the upper part.
b is attached, and the second part is engaged and locked.
The door 3 is installed at the position indicated by taaA or chain line B in FIG. Further, the front of the door frame 2a is rotatably connected to the vehicle body by hinges 2b, and the rear thereof is connected to a door lock device 2c for the vehicle body.
The door opening/closing support mechanism is equipped with a well-known door opening/closing support mechanism.

As shown in FIG. 3, the second door engaging member 4a is an L-shaped member having a substantially C-shaped section at one end, and a cutout 4b of the C-shaped section is located outside the first door 2. It is attached to the door frame 2a so as to open in a direction perpendicular to the side surface, and a locking plate 4c of a second door, which will be described later, is locked to this portion to form an engagement hinge 4.

The locking means 6 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 and shown in FIG.
) is the front view, (b) is the bottom view seen from below, (c
) and (d) are enlarged views of their operating parts. As shown in each figure, the rear locking means 6b has a main body 6C fixed to the outer surface of the door frame 2a of the first door 2, and a compression spring 6d inside thereof applies a biasing force in the locking direction (leftward in FIG. 4). A locking slide 6e is provided.

The lock sliding portion 6e is in contact with the compression spring 6d and extends from the sliding portion 6r directly receiving the biasing force to the rear of the door (
A knob 6g extends toward the right side in Figure 4 and projects from the main body 6c, while a knob 6g extends toward the front of the door (left side in Figure 4) and touches the body 6C in the locked position (the position shown in Figure 4). A cylindrical lock plunger 6h in contact with the engagement rod 6 having an inclined surface 61 at its tip below the lock plunger 6h.
j, and further below it is bent and extended from the lower surface of the sliding section 6f toward the front of the door, and there is also an inclined section 6 near the tip.
A lock release member 6m having a stepped portion 6Q is provided at each of the lock release members 6m, and a rectangular locking hole 6n is opened in a portion of the front surface of the lock release member 6m that is connected to the engagement rod 6j. The lock sliding portion 6e, the sliding portion 6f, the knob 6g, the lock plunger 6h, the engagement rod 6j, and the lock release member 6
m are integrally coupled and operate simultaneously. still,
FIG. 4(b) shows a state in which the locking piece 5 protruding from the second door 3 is inserted into the locking hole 6n. Although the above description has been made regarding the rear locking means 6b, the front locking means 6a has a knob 6g protruding toward the front of the door, and its internal structure is the same as that described above. The operation of the locking means 6 will be explained in detail later.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, on the outside surface of the first door 2, there are a window regulator 2d for raising and lowering the window glass, an outer handle 2e, a key cylinder 2f, etc., similar to those provided inside the conventional door. It is provided. Furthermore, on the inside surface of the first door 2, that is, on the inside of the vehicle, there is an inner handle 2g and a lower trim 2 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5.
h, a front speaker 21, etc. are provided, and the door 1
The first door 2 is equipped with main components related to opening/closing, locking, and raising/lowering the window glass.

Next, the second door that is attached to and detached from the outer surface of the first door 2 will be explained.

The second door 3 is engaged with and locked to the first door 2 by the engagement hinge 4 and the locking means 6, and is applied to an open type vehicle body as shown in FIG. There are two types: A type (dashed line A in Figure 2) and B type (dashed line B in Figure 2), which is applied to the petite car body as shown in Figure 7.The second door 3 of each type has one It is designed to be removable and replaceable on the vehicle body. The structure of the second door 3 will be described in detail below.

First, the A-type second door 3 is located at a low position where the belt line Q1 is close to the top surface of the door frame 2a, as shown in the cross-sectional view (FIG. 8) and FIG. 9 when it is attached to the first door 2. The second door engaging member 4a of the first door 2 is mounted on the lower part of the inner surface of the panel.
A locking portion 3a is provided at a position corresponding to 4a, and
A locking piece 5 is also provided on the upper part at a position corresponding to the locking means 6a, 6b.

The locking portion 3a protrudes from the lower surface of the reinforcing member 3b fixed to the inner surface of the second door 3, and extends in the front-rear direction of the door at an angle of approximately 45 degrees with respect to the inner surface of the second door 3. A locking plate 4C that is inclined is provided. Further, the locking piece 5 projects from the side surface of the reinforcing member 3b fixed to the inner surface of the second door 3 in a direction perpendicular to the inner surface of the second door 3, and has a locking hole 5a in the front-rear direction of the door. It has been penetrated.

As shown in the cross-sectional view (FIG. 10) of the second door of type B, which is attached to the first door 2, the belt line Q2 is formed higher than that of the type A, and the guide rail 7a and guide roller 7b are The window glass 7 has a window glass 7 that can be raised and lowered by being guided by the window glass 7, and an engaging portion 7C for engaging the window regulator 2d provided in the first door 2 is provided at the lower part of the window glass 7. Further, the locking piece 5 and the locking plate 4C that are engaged with and locked to the first door 2 are similar to those of type A, and the upper part of the inner surface has an upper trim 3c and a rear speaker as shown in FIG. 3d etc. are provided integrally. Further, a reinforcing frame 3e is provided inside the upper trim 3c.

Next, the first door 2 of the second door 3 in the door structure of the present invention
We will explain how to attach and detach it. This attachment/detachment is done at A of the second door 3.
Since both type and B type are similar, the attachment and detachment of type A shown in FIG. 11 will be described.

First, when securing and locking the second door 3, the second door 3 is tilted outward at approximately 45 degrees with respect to the first door 2, as shown in FIG. 11, and the locking plate 4C is attached to the first door. 2, and insert the locking plate 4c into the notch 4b of the second door engaging member 4a (arrow i in FIG. 11). By this insertion, the engagement hinge 4 is formed in this part, and the second door 3 becomes freely rotatable with respect to the first door 2. Then, by rotating the second door 3 toward the first door 2 around the engagement hinge 4 (arrow IF in FIG. 11), the locking pieces 5, 5 of the second door 3 are attached to the first door 2. locking means 6a provided;
The second door 3 is inserted into the locking hole 6n provided in the main body 6C of the second door 6b, and by the operation of the locking means 6, the second door 3 is reliably engaged and locked with the first door 2, as shown in FIG. Next, the operation of the locking means 6 at that time will be explained. 1st
The locking piece 5 provided on the second door 3, which is rotated as shown by the arrow ii in FIG. 1, is inserted into the locking hole 6n of the locking means 6 shown in FIG. The part is the engagement rod 6
contact with the inclined surface 61 of j and press it.

Due to this pressing force, the engagement rod 6j is moved in the unlocking direction (rightward in FIG. 4) against the biasing force of the compression spring 6d, and then the locking piece 5 is moved to the locking position (as shown in FIG. 4(b)). position).

The engagement rod 6j is inserted into the locking hole 5a formed in the locking piece 5 by the biasing force of the compression spring 6d, and the second
The engagement and locking of the door 3 is completed. At that time, since the width S1 of the locking plate 4C in the engagement hinge 4 is formed larger than the width S2 of the notch 4b of the second door engaging member 4a, the locking plate 4C will not come off. (See Figure 11). Furthermore, each of the locking means 6a, 6b
Since the knobs 6g protrude from the front and rear surfaces of the first door 2, when the doors are closed (solid lines in Figure 12), they cannot be operated from the outside by the front and rear body panels. There is.

When the second door 3 is removed from the first door 2, the door 1 is opened (as shown by the chain line in FIG. 12), and each knob 6g of the locking means 6 is made operable.
push the knob a, pull the knob of the rear locking means 6b to move each engagement rod 6j in the unlocking direction to unlock the locking means 6, and perform the above-mentioned engagement and locking operations. On the contrary, the second door 3 is engaged with the hinge 4
Rotate the locking plate 4C of the second door 3 toward the outside of the vehicle body around , so that the locking plate 4C of the second door 3 is perpendicular to the outer surface of the first door 2 (a position where the first door is inclined at approximately 45 degrees). by the second
Removal of the second door 3 is completed by pulling it out from the door engaging member 4a. Next, the operation of the locking means 6 at that time will be explained (FIG. 4).

By operating the knob 6g, the engagement rod 6j is moved in the unlocking direction. Along with the movement, the lock release member 6m is also moved in the same direction, and the locking piece 5 is pressed and moved upward on the inclined portion 6, and the lock release member 6m is moved to the lock release position (fourth
When the chain ta in Figure (a) is reached, the locking piece 5 engages with the stepped portion 6Q. At this time, since the lock release member 6m is also receiving the biasing force of the compression spring 6d, the stepped portion 6Q is in contact with one side of the locking piece 5 in the engagement position, so that it cannot return to the lock position. Therefore, the engaging rod 6j is not inserted into the locking hole 5a. Therefore, in the unlocked position, the locking means 6 is held and the locking piece 5
can be freely removed, and as a result, the second door 3 can be removed.

As described above, in the door structure of the present invention, not only can various second doors be attached to one vehicle body, but also the window regulator and the door provided on the outer panel of the first door can be attached. When servicing the opening/closing mechanism and other devices, repairs and adjustments can be made simply by removing the second door, improving work efficiency.

In addition, the linked operating parts of the first door 2 and the second door 3, that is, the movable window glass 7 on the second door 3 side, the window regulator 2d on the first door 2 side, the second door outer handle, the door opening/closing mechanism, etc. The respective linking portions are inserted and fitted in order to be automatically linked at the same time as the second door is engaged and locked. Furthermore, when installing the A type second door on the vehicle in this embodiment, the roof panel 8 (FIG. 7) has a structure that can be attached and detached with bolts in order to change it to an open type vehicle as shown in FIG. It becomes. Furthermore, the second door 3 is only of type B, and the first
A door outer plate having the same shape as the A type second door is fixed to the door 2, and the second door engaging member 4a is attached to the door outer plate.
If the locking hole 6n of the locking means 6 is provided, a type A door can be obtained by simply removing the second door of the type B, and the door can be changed more easily. .

Next, another example regarding the B type second door 3 will be explained as follows.
This will be explained using Figure 3. This door has a window glass 7 fixed to the door outer panel, and as shown in FIG. The window glass 7 is clamped and fixed with bolts by the 1L-shaped bracket 9C, while the second
While bolting the L-shaped bracket 9d, the first
The window glass 7 is fixed to the second door by bolting both ends of the second L-shaped bracket. In this case, each bracket 9c, 9d will also serve as a reinforcing member for the upper part of the second door. In this type of door, the engagement and locking with the first door 2 is performed in the same manner as the above-mentioned operation, and since the window glass does not go up and down in this type of door, a window regulator for the first door is necessary. This reduces the weight of the door.

In this embodiment, locking means equipped with an engaging hinge and an engaging rod are used as the locking means for the first door and the second door, but the present invention is not limited to this, and locking means using Velcro is also used. It is also possible to adopt a suction cup type engagement or the like.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, various second doors are connected to the first door.
The door is configured to be detachable with good operability,
Furthermore, the internal mechanism of the door can be serviced by simply removing the second door from the first door, improving work efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 13 show embodiments of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the interior layout of an automobile having the door structure of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the first door, and FIG. 3 is a side view of the first door. is a sectional view taken along the [[-III line in FIG. 2, FIG. 4(a) is a front view of the rear locking means, FIG. 4(b) is a bottom view thereof, and FIG.
Figures (c) and (d) are enlarged views of those operating parts.
The figure is a perspective view of the inner surface of the door showing the A-type second door engaged and locked; FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an oven-type automobile to which the A-type second door is applied;
The figure is a perspective view showing a coupe type automobile to which a B type second door is applied, Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line Longitudinal sectional view, 1st
Figure 0(a) is a cross-sectional view of the door taken along line X-X in Figure 7;
FIG. 10(b) is a sectional view of the door taken along the line x'-x' in FIG. Figure 12 is a plan sectional view of the vicinity of the front and rear locking means showing the door disengagement operation;
Figure (a) is an enlarged sectional view of the window glass fixing part of the second door where the window glass is fixed, and Figure 13 (b)
is a sectional view along the ■-store line. 2...First door, 2b...Hinge, 2
C... Door lock device, 3... Second door, 4... Engagement hinge, 4a... Second
Door retaining stand member, 4C...Lock plate, 5...
- Locking piece, 6... Locking means. ”°”′″″″′” v ゛”) '／ n″″″′″
1st Director 1) Naka Kiyoshi (d) Valve 3tXl (b) Figure 4/ 1, sc @ 0 to r ro 7 Figure 11 Figure sale 13 IXI

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A second door is attached to the outer surface of the first door that can be opened and closed with respect to the vehicle body.
The door is removably provided, and the first door is provided with a door opening/closing support mechanism linked to the vehicle body, and a locking means for engaging the second door with the first door, and at least An automobile door structure characterized in that the outer panel shape of the door can be changed.