JPH01101411A - Micro-device for level - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate an error in measured value by arranging parallel plane glass in front of an objective and reading the tilt quantity of this parallel plane glass by an encoder. CONSTITUTION:Parallel light from a light emitting element 122 which is passed through a collimator lens 123 passes through the slit between a scale member 3 and a mask scale 3a. Variation in the quantity of light generated by the superposition of the scale member 3 and mask member 3a is photodetected by a photodetecting element 131 and converted into a photocurrent, which is converted by an HV amplifier into a voltage. The photocurrent in the form of the voltage is inputted to a comparator 135 from a cos and a sin signal. The output of a rectangular wave which is waveform-shaped by the circuit 135 and has a phase difference is made into a signal and counted by an UP/ DOWN counter 134, which is projected on a display device 111 through a CPU 113.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a micro device for a leveling device used in leveling, and in particular, to a micro device for a leveling device used in a leveling device, or for reading fractions of a leveling scale, which is used or integrated into a leveling device. This article relates to a micro device for a leveling instrument used in

[Prior Art] Various types of microdevices for reading fractions of a leveling rod scale have been used in the past.

Figures 3 to 5 show conventional examples; Figure 3A is a side view of the micro device assembled to the leveling instrument, Figure 3B is a schematic configuration diagram of the micro device, and Figure 3C is the field of view of the leveling telescope. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the leveling scale scale and the parallel plane glass.

The micro device S shown in FIG. 3A is used by being assembled in front of the objective lens of the leveling instrument 4o.

A pinion 42 is connected to the scale drum 41, which is a knob, and a rack 43 is engaged with the pinion 42. A lever 45 is connected to the front end of the rack 43 via a rack pin 44, and a parallel plane glass 46 is connected to the lever 45. Further, the parallel plane glass 46 is pivotally connected to the casing of the micro device s by a shaft 47, and is configured to be able to swing in the direction of the arrow. In such a configuration, the scale drum 4, which is a knob,
1, the rack 43 slides by the pinion 42, and the rack pin 4 disposed on the tip side of the rack 43
A lever 45 swings via the lever 4, and the parallel plane glass 46 rotates around a shaft 47. and the third
As shown in Figure C, if the amount of parallel movement of the image is e, the inclination angle of the parallel plane glass is θ, the thickness is d, and the refractive index of the glass is n, then up to about θ = ±25°, e = d x (-) tanθ. When the scale drum 41 is rotated, the lever 45 swings and applies a rotation amount of θ to the parallel plane glass 46. The amount of horizontal movement is proportional to the amount e of parallel movement of the image. Therefore, for example, in a telescope, if there is a cross-pair position at the PI position between the staff marks 47 and 48, as shown in FIG. 3C, when reading the fraction between this mark 47 and the cross-hair position, , First, rotate the scale drum 41 so that the crosshair is at the position of the scale 47, read the scale on the scale drum 41 at this time, and find a fraction (for example, 0.4
Find 1) and read it as 47.41 cm. In other words, the flat glass 46 is tilted by 0 to shift the optical axis by e, and the length e is the scale of the scale drum 41 (0, 41c, m
).

Moreover, FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of another conventional micro device,
This is the rack 43 of the micro device shown in FIG. 3B above.
, a graduated glass scale 51 is arranged in series, and the displaced position of the parallel plane glass 46 is shown as the displaced position of the graduated glass scale 51, and the displaced position of the graduated glass scale 51 (0.41 cm
) is magnified and read using a microscope 52 through a prism 53.

Furthermore, FIGS. 5A and 5B show other conventional examples, and FIGS.
Figure A is a perspective view of the micro device installed on the leveling instrument, Figure 5B
The figure is a schematic configuration diagram of a micro device. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, a rotating lever 65 is integrated with a parallel plane glass 66, and a rack 63 that is connected to a knob 61 and engages with a nion 62 is formed on the rotating lever 65. The rotation causes the parallel plane glass 66 to rotate. And the scale plate 64 is attached to the rotary lever 65.
Some are connected together. The amount of rotation of the parallel plane glass 61 is expressed as the amount of rotation of the scale plate 64, that is, the displacement position of the scale of the scale plate 64, and this is read with a microscope 68. In this conventional example, since the rotation of the parallel plane glass is used as the rotational change position of the scale plate, the error is smaller than that in the above-mentioned conventional example where the rotation amount is a linear change in position.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the technique shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, the reading scale is a cylindrical scale drum 41, so the width of the scale is also small in relation to the diameter of the cylinder. Therefore, there is a limit to reading accuracy. Furthermore, a scale tram 41 is disposed at a forward position away from the eyepiece part of the leveling instrument 40,
There is a problem that the scale is difficult to read.

The technique shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 has a problem in reading because it is read from a narrow field of view of the microscope. Another problem is that since the images are read using a microscope, the brightness of the field of view is affected by the brightness of natural light.

Furthermore, in any of the above conventional techniques, the observer directly reads the analog display scale, that is, the scale on the scale drum, the scale on the scale glass magnified in the micrometer observation window, etc., so it takes a long time to read. It was easy to get tired while working, and there was also the problem of the possibility of misreading.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the leveling micro device of the present invention has a parallel plane glass that is on the optical axis of the level and in front of the objective lens. a means for tilting the parallel plane glass; a scale reading means for reading the amount of inclination of the parallel plane glass with an encoder;
The configuration includes circuit means for processing the signal obtained by the scale reading means, and display means for displaying the results processed by the circuit means.

[Function] First, a micro device using parallel plane glass will be explained with reference to FIG. 1B. Generally, the scale interval of a scale is usually 10 mm or S mm.

This is read at the position indicated by the horizontal crosshair line formed on the focus plate of the leveling telescope. At this time, as shown by the chain line, in order to accurately measure the position between the scale lines, the visual axis is translated in parallel using a plane-parallel glass.

Generally, the relationship between the inclination angle of parallel plane glass and the amount of parallel movement of the visual axis is expressed by the following equation (1) as described above.

e = d x (-) tanθ −−−−−−
---(1) However, e: Amount of parallel movement of the image (visual axis) θ: Inclination angle of the parallel plane glass d: Thickness of the parallel plane glass n: Refractive index of the parallel plane glass Here, the parallel plane glass The refractive index n and the thickness d of the parallel plane glass can be determined based on the design and are constants.

If we set □・d, the above equation (1) becomes e=−tanθ−−−−−−−−(2”).

Therefore, if angle 0 is detected, the amount of movement of the visual axis can be measured.

In other words, since the present invention is configured as described above, the fraction of the scale is the amount of displacement of the optical axis of the parallel plane glass, and this amount of optical axis displacement is the amount of rotation of the parallel plane glass. The rotation amount becomes the scale displacement amount of the scale member.

The amount of displacement of the scale of this scale member is read by a scale reading means, the signal obtained by the scale reading means is processed by a circuit means, and the result processed by the circuit means is displayed by a display means.

Therefore, since the display means (digital display as shown in the embodiment) is used, there is no misreading, and the reading price can be clearly seen. Furthermore, by connecting a predetermined circuit, etc., the reading unit can be changed freely.

[Example] An example of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings. Note that the members, arrangement, etc. described below do not limit the present invention, and can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

1A to 1D show a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1D, the micro mounting MS of this embodiment is attached to the objective lens frame 9a of the leveling body 9. The micro device main body casing l is now assembled. The means for assembling the micro-mounting 21s to the objective lens frame 9a is not particularly limited. Note that the reference numeral 9b is an objective lens of the leveling instrument.

The micro device s of this example includes a parallel plane glass 2 which is pivotally attached to the micro device main body casing l and whose inclination state can be changed, and a scale reading means for reading the amount of inclination of the parallel plane glass 2 using an encoder. , circuit means for processing the signal obtained by the scale reading means, and display means for displaying the results processed by the circuit means.

That is, a scale tram 5, which is a manual knob, is disposed at a predetermined position on the side of the micro device main body casing l in this example, and a binion 6 is connected to the scale drum 5. The rack members 7 are engaged with each other.

A scale member 3 is continuously provided at the rear of the rack member 7 (on the right side in FIG. 1A), and a lever 8 is connected to the tip side of the rack member 7 via a rack pin a. This lever 8 is integrally connected to the parallel plane glass 2, but the lower end of this lever 8 is bifurcated,
The scale member 3 is engaged with this bifurcated portion via the rack pin 7a and the rack member 7, and the scale member 3 can slide back and forth according to the amount of rotation (tilting amount) of the parallel plane glass 2. There is.

On the other hand, the parallel plane glass 2 is arranged on the optical axis of the objective lens, is pivotally connected to the casing l of the micro device S by a pin shaft 2a, and is configured to be able to swing in the direction of the arrow around this pin shaft 2a. ing. In this way, when the scale drum 5, which is a manual knob, is rotated, the rack member 7 is slid by the tongion 6, and the lever 8 is swung through the rack pin 7a arranged on the tip side of the rack member 7. The parallel plane glass 2 is designed to rotate around a pin shaft 2a.

A scale corresponding to the amount of rotation of the parallel plane glass 2 is formed on the scale member 3. In other words, the scale member 3 of this example has
Slits 3b are formed in the longitudinal direction at predetermined intervals,
Above (or below) the scale member 3, a mask scale 3a is arranged.

Then, on the mask scale 3a, a phase-shifted light-receiving element co
s and sin detection windows are provided to distinguish the sliding direction. The encoder serves as an encoder in which the amount of movement of the scale of the scale member 3 is read by a scale reading means that uses a light receiving element 131 to detect a change in the amount of light caused by overlapping the scale member 3 and the mask member 3a.

As shown in FIG. 1C, the scale/mark reading means of this example includes a light emitting section 120. It is composed of a detection section 130 and the like.

The light emitting unit 120 includes a light emission amount adjustment circuit 121 and a light emitting element 1.
22, a collimator lens 123, etc., and the light emitting element (light emitting diode) 122 is a light emitting amount 3i adjustment circuit 121.
This light emission amount adjustment circuit 121 compensates for the temperature characteristics of the light emitting element 122, etc. The light emitted by the light emitting element 122 is made parallel by the collimator lens 123, and is irradiated onto the scale member 3.

The detection unit 130 includes a light receiving element 131 that receives light that has passed through the scale member 3 and the mask scale 3a.
Reference numeral 31 includes elements for cos-, 's-in, and REF.

The circuit means for processing the signal obtained by the scale reading means includes:
It is arranged on the HV amplifier board and CPU board.

The HV amplifier board includes an element 132 that converts the photocurrent converted by the light receiving element 131 into voltage, and a light emission amount adjustment circuit 12.
1 are arranged. Also, the CPU board has UP/
DOWN counter 134, comparison path 135, and A/D
A converter 136 and the like are provided.

The display means is a display device consisting of CRT or liquid crystal.
ll, together with a keyboard etc. 112 which is an input section,
It is connected to a CPU (central processing unit) 113. Note that the display device 111 of this example is fixed to the upper part of the micro device main body casing l.

The power supply section 140 is composed of a battery 141, a power supply circuit 142, etc., and supplies a predetermined voltage and current from the predetermined battery 141 to the light emitting element 122, each board, the display section, etc.

In the embodiment having the above configuration, in order to detect the amount of inclination of the parallel plane glass, the parallel light passing from the light emitting element 122 and passing through the collimator lens 123 passes between the slits of the scale member 3 and the mask scale 3a. The light receiving element 13 detects the change in the amount of light caused by overlapping the member 3 and the mask member 3a.
1 receives light, converts it into photocurrent, and converts it into voltage using an HV amplifier. The photocurrent converted into voltage is introduced into the comparison circuit 135 from the cosine and sine signals. The output of the rectangular wave having a phase difference whose waveform has been shaped by the comparator circuit 135 is output from the UP/D
It is converted into a signal and counted by the OWN counter 134,
The image is projected onto the display device aill via the CPU 113. Similarly, the A/D;
ll will be displayed.

On the other hand, the light receiving element REF is guided to the light emission amount adjustment circuit 121, and is used as a reference signal to compensate for the temperature characteristics of the light emitting element, etc., or as a reference signal for shaping the cosine and sine signals into a rectangular wave in the comparator circuit 135. .

In the above example, an optical type was illustrated, but a magnetic type may also be used.

Further, in this example, a scale is also formed on the scale drum 5, which is a knob, and fractions can also be read by reading the scale on this scale drum 5.

As described above, since the present example uses a digital display, the reading unit can be changed freely by connecting a well-known unit conversion circuit or the like.

In the above embodiment, the scale reading mechanism was constructed using an optical linear encoder, but it may also be constructed using an optical rotary encoder. In this case, for example, a scale member corresponding to a scale plate is provided on the rotary lever as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, which are conventional examples, and the scale of this scale member is set by an optical or magnetic method. It can be configured to read.

Further, FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the display unit of the present invention.

In the above embodiment, the display device 111 is fixed to the main body casing 1 of the micro device, or if the display device 211 is connected via a flexible pull cord 212 as shown in FIG. No need to be fixed.

Furthermore, for example, the display device can be placed magnetically in the vicinity of the telescope of the leveling body.

[Effects of the Invention] The present invention is configured as described above, and since the measured values are read by the mechanism that reads them and displayed digitally, there is no misreading of the measured values. Further, since the display unit is formed separately, the reading value can be made large and easy to see.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 1A is a block diagram, Fig. 1B is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the leveling scale scale and the parallel plane glass within the visual field of the leveling telescope, and Fig. 1C is a detection diagram. FIG. 1D is a side view of a leveling instrument with a micro device assembled thereto, FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a second embodiment of the display section of the present invention, and FIGS. FIG. 5 shows a conventional example. l...Micro device main body casing. 2...Parallel plane glass, 3-...Scale member, 5...
・Manual knob, 9...Level, 9a...Objective lens, 10-...Scale reading mechanism, 130-...
Detection unit, S...micro device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A parallel plane glass is arranged on the optical axis of the level and in front of the objective lens, a means for tilting the parallel plane glass, a scale reading means for reading the amount of inclination of the parallel plane glass by an encoder, and a scale reading means. 1. A micro-equipment for a leveling instrument, comprising circuit means for processing a signal obtained by the means, and display means for displaying a result processed by the circuit means.