JP2576875B2 - Micro device of level - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial applications]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a micro-device of a level used for leveling, and more particularly to a micro-device of a level used for reading the number of scales on a staff scale, which is used by being attached to a level or incorporated in a body.

[Prior art]

Conventionally, various types of micro devices for reading fractions of a staff scale have been used. 3 to 5 show a conventional example, FIG. 3A is a side view in which a micro device is assembled to a level, FIG. 3B is a schematic configuration diagram of the micro device, and FIG. 3C is a view of a level telescope. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the staff staff scale and parallel plane glass. 3A shows an example in which the micro device S shown in FIG. 3A is used by being assembled in front of an objective lens of a level 40. On the scale drum 41, which is a knob, a pinion 42 is provided continuously,
A rack 43 is engaged with the pinion 42. Rack 43
A lever 45 is connected to the front end of the device through a rack pin 44, and a parallel flat glass 46 is connected to the lever 45. The parallel flat glass 46 is pivotally attached to the casing of the micro device S by a shaft 47 and is configured to be swingable in the direction of the arrow. In such a configuration, when the graduation drum 41, which is a knob, is rotated, the rack 43 slides by the pinion 42, and the lever 45 swings via the rack pin 44 arranged on the tip side of the rack 43, and the parallel plane is rotated. The glass 46 rotates around a shaft 47. Then, as shown in FIG. 3C, assuming that the parallel movement amount of the image is e, the inclination θ of the parallel plane glass is d, the thickness is d, and the refractive index of the glass is n, e = about 25 °, e = dx (n−1 / n) tan θ. When the graduation drum 41 is rotated, the lever 45 swings, giving the parallel plane glass 46 a rotation amount of θ. The left and right movement amount is proportional to the parallel movement amount e of the image. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG.3C, if there is a crosshair position at the position of P1 between the staff scales 47 and 48, when reading the fraction between this scale 47 and the crosshair position, as shown in FIG. 3C, First, the scale drum 41 is rotated so that the cross hair is at the position of the scale 47. At this time, the scale drum 41 is read and a fraction (for example, 0.41) is obtained.
Read 1cm. In other words, the plane glass 46 is inclined by θ, and the optical axis is shifted by e.
Scale (0.41cm). FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another conventional micro device, which is a rack 43 of the micro device shown in FIG. 3B.
The scale glass scale 51 is connected to the
Is shown as the displacement position of the scale glass scale 51,
Displacement (0.41 cm) of scale glass scale 51 into prism 53
Through the microscope 52 for reading. 5A and 5B show another conventional example, FIG. 5A is a perspective view showing a micro device assembled to a level, and FIG. 5B is a schematic configuration diagram of the micro device. As shown in FIGS.5A and 5B, a rotation lever 65 is integrated with the parallel flat glass 66, and a rack 63 is formed on the rotation lever 65 so as to mesh with a binion 62 connected to a knob 61. The parallel flat glass 66 is rotated by the rotation of. There is also a type in which a scale plate 64 is integrally connected to a rotary lever 65. The amount of rotation of the parallel flat glass 61 appears as the amount of rotation of the scale plate 64, that is, the position of the scale of the scale plate 64, which is read by the microscope 68. In this conventional example, since the rotation of the parallel flat glass is used as the rotation changing position of the scale plate, there is an advantage that the error is smaller than when the rotation amount of the conventional example is set to the linear changing position.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, in the technique shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, since the reading scale is the cylindrical scale drum 41, the width of the scale is small in relation to the diameter of the cylinder, so that there is a drowsiness in the reading accuracy. Furthermore, since the scale drum 41 is provided at a position in front of the leveler 40 away from the eyepiece, there is a problem that the scale is difficult to read. The technique shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 has a problem that it is difficult to read because the reading is performed from a narrow field of view of the microscope. In addition, since reading is performed by a microscope, there is a problem that the brightness of a visual field is affected by the brightness of natural light. In addition, in any of the above prior arts, the analog display scale, that is, the scale of the scale drum, the scale of the memory glass scale enlarged in the micrometer observation window, and the like are directly read by the observer, so that the time is long. There was also a problem that the reading operation was easy to be tired, was quick, and there was a possibility of misreading.

[Means for solving the problems]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and a micro device of a level according to the present invention is a means for disposing a parallel plane glass in front of an objective lens on the optical axis of the level and tilting the parallel plane glass. Scale reading means for reading the amount of inclination of the parallel plane glass by an encoder, circuit means for processing a signal obtained by the scale reading means, display means for displaying the result processed by the circuit means, Means for inclining the parallel flat glass are a scale drum integrated with a manual knob, a pinion connected to the scale drum, a rack member meshed with the pinion, and one end of the rack member. Scale reading means, which is constituted by parallel flat glass connected via a lever, and reads the amount of inclination of the parallel flat glass by an encoder, is connected to the other end of the rack member. A scale member that slides over the lever and the rack member by the rotation of the plane-parallel glass is, a light emitting portion, a detecting portion, and the mask memory, in the configuration,
The mask scale is provided with a detection window for a light receiving element of cos, sin out of phase, and the detection unit includes a light receiving element for cos, sin, REF for receiving light passing through the mask scale. Configuration.

[Action]

First, the micro mounting using parallel plane glass will be described with reference to FIG. 1B. Generally, the scale interval of the table scale is usually 10 mm or 5 m
They are formed at m intervals. This is read at the position indicated by the Ushihei crosshair line formed on the reticle of the telescope. At this time, as shown by the dashed line, when the lens is located between the scale lines, the visual axis is translated using a parallel flat glass in order to accurately measure the position. In general, the relationship between the tilt angle of the parallel flat glass and the amount of translation of the visual axis is expressed by the following equation (1) as described above. e = dx (n−1 / n) tan θ (1) where e: parallel movement amount of image (visual axis) θ: inclination angle of parallel plane glass d: thickness of parallel plane glass n: parallel plane glass Here, the refractive index n of the parallel plane glass and the thickness d of the parallel plane glass can be determined by design and are constants. Therefore, if k = n−1 / n · d, The above equation (1) is as follows: e = K · tonθ (2) Therefore, if the angle θ is detected, the moving amount of the visual axis can be measured. In other words, since the present invention is configured as described above, the scale fraction is the displacement of the optical axis of the parallel flat glass,
This optical axis displacement is the amount of rotation of the parallel plane glass, and the amount of movement of the parallel plane glass is the scale displacement of the scale member. Then, the displacement of the scale of the scale member is read by the scale reading means, the signal obtained by the scale reading means is processed by the circuit means, and the result processed by the circuit means is displayed by the display means. Therefore, there is no error due to the display means (digital display as shown in the embodiment), and the reading value can be easily visually observed. In addition, if a predetermined circuit or the like is connected, the setting unit can be freely changed.

【Example】

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The members, arrangements, and the like described below do not limit the present invention, and can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention. FIGS. 1A to 1D show a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1D, the micro device S of the present embodiment comprises an objective lens frame 9a of a level main body 9. The micro device main body casing 1 is mounted on the main body.
Means for assembling the micro device S to the objective lens frame 9a is not particularly limited. Reference numeral 9b is a level objective lens. The micro apparatus S of the present embodiment includes a parallel plane glass 2 pivotally attached to the micro apparatus main body casing 1 and capable of changing an inclined state, and a scale reading means for reading an inclination amount of the parallel plane glass 2 by an encoder. , A circuit means for processing a signal obtained by the scale reading means, and a display means for displaying a result processed by the circuit means. That is, a scale tram 5 which is a manual knob is provided at a predetermined position on a side portion of the micro device main body casing 1 of the present example, and a pinion 6 is connected to the scale tram 5 and is connected to the pinion 6. Is engaged with the rack member 7. On the rear side (the right side in FIG. 1A) of the rack member 7,
The scale member 3 is provided continuously, and a lever 8 is connected to the front end side of the rack member 7 via a rack pin 7a. The lever 8 is integrally connected to the parallel flat glass 2. The lower end of the lever 8 is forked, and the scale member 3 is engaged with the forked portion via the rack pin 7a and the rack member 7. The scale member 3 can slide back and forth according to the amount of rotation (the amount of inclination) of the parallel flat glass 2. On the other hand, the parallel plane glass 2 is arranged on the optical axis of the objective lens, is pivotally attached to the casing 1 of the micro device S by a pin shaft 2a, and is configured to be slidable about the pin shaft 2a in the direction of the arrow. ing. In this way, when the scale drum 5 which is a manual knob is rotated, the pinion 6
The rack member 7 is disseminated, the lever 8 swings via a rack pin 7a arranged at the tip of the rack member 7, and the parallel flat glass 2 rotates about the pin shaft 2a. The scale member 3 has a scale corresponding to the amount of rotation of the parallel flat glass 2. That is, slits 3b are formed in the scale member 3 of this example in the longitudinal direction at predetermined intervals, and a mask scale 3a is provided above (or below) the scale member 3.
Are arranged. The mask scale 3a is provided with a detection window for the likelihood element cos, sin out of phase to distinguish the sliding direction. An encoder that reads the scale movement amount of the scale member 3 by a scale reading unit that detects a change in the amount of light caused by the superposition of the scale member 3 and the mask member 3a by the light receiving element 131. As shown in FIG. 1C, the scale reading means of the present example includes a light emitting unit.
It consists of 120, a detection unit 130, etc. The light emitting unit 120 includes a light emitting amount adjusting circuit 121 and a light emitting element 122.
The light emitting element (light emitting diode) 122 is connected to the light emitting amount adjusting circuit 121, and the light emitting amount adjusting circuit 121 compensates for the temperature characteristics and the like of the light emitting element 122. The light emitted from the light emitting element 122 is collimated by the collimator lens 123 and is irradiated on the scale member 3. The detection unit 130 includes a light receiving element 131 that receives light passing through the scale member 3 and the mask scale 3a.
It consists of s, sin, and REF elements. Circuit means for processing a signal obtained by the scale reading means is provided on the HV amplifier board and the CPU port. H
The V amplifier port is provided with an element 132 for converting the photocurrent converted by the light receiving element 131 into a voltage, and a light emission amount adjustment circuit 121. The CPU boat also has an UP / DOWN counter 134
, A comparison circuit 135, an A / D converter 136, and the like. The display means is a display device 111 composed of a CRT or a liquid crystal.
And is connected to a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 113 together with a keyboard 112 as an input unit. The display device 111 of this embodiment is fixed to the upper portion of the micro device main body casing 1. The power supply unit 140 includes a battery 141, a power supply circuit 142, and the like, and supplies a predetermined voltage / current from the predetermined battery 141 to the light emitting element 122, each board, a display unit, and the like. In the embodiment having the above configuration, in order to detect the amount of inclination of the parallel plane glass, the parallel light passing through the collimator lens 123 from the light emitting element 122 is transmitted to the scale member 3 and the mask scale 3
The scale member 3 and the mask member 3 pass between the slits a.
The change in the amount of light caused by the superposition of a is received by the light receiving element 131, converted into a photocurrent, and converted into a voltage by the HV amplifier. The photocurrent converted to a voltage is obtained from the cos and sin signals by the comparison circuit 135.
Is introduced to The output of the rectangular wave having the phase difference whose waveform has been shaped by the comparison circuit 135 is converted into a signal by the UP / DOWN counter 134 and projected on the display device 111 via the CPU 113. Similarly, the signal is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 136 and displayed on the display device 111 via the CPU 113. On the other hand, the light receiving element REF is guided to the light emission amount adjustment circuit 121, and is used as a reference signal for compensating the temperature characteristics and the like of the light emitting element, or as a reference signal for shaping a cos, sin signal into a rectangular wave by the comparison circuit 135. . In the above example, the chemical type is used, but a magnetic type may be used. In this example, a scale is also formed on the scale drum 5 serving as a knob, and the fraction can be read by reading the scale of the scale drum 5. As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the digital display is used, the reading singularity can be freely changed by connecting a known / known unit conversion circuit or the like. In the above embodiment, the scale reading mechanism is constituted by an optical linear encoder, but may be constituted by an optical rotary encoder. In this case,
For example, a rotary lever as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B shown in the conventional example is provided with a scale member corresponding to a scale plate, and the scale of the scale member is read by an optical or magnetic system. can do. FIG. 2 is a second view relating to one display unit of the present invention.
FIG. In the above embodiment, the display device 111 is fixed to the micro device main body casing 1. However, as shown in FIG.
By connecting via 12, the eye position does not have to be fixed. Further, for example, the display device can be arranged by magnetic force near the telescope of the level main body.

【The invention's effect】

The present invention is configured as described above. Since the measured value is read by the reading means and is digitally displayed, there is no erroneous reading of the measured value. Further, since the display unit is formed separately, the reading value can be made large so that it is easy to see.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1A is a block diagram, FIG. 1B is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between a staff scale and a parallel flat glass in a level telescope visual field, and FIG. 1C is a detection diagram. FIG. 1D is a side view in which a micro device is assembled to a level, FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a second embodiment of the display unit of the present invention, and FIGS. 5
The figure shows a conventional example. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Micro device main body casing, 2 ... Parallel plane glass, 3 ... Scale member, 5 ... Manual knob, 9 ... Level, 9b ... Objective lens, 120 ... Light emitting part (scale reading means), 130 ... Detector (scale reading means) S. Micro device.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A means for arranging a parallel flat glass in front of an objective lens on the optical axis of a level, tilting the parallel flat glass, a scale reading means for reading an amount of tilt of the parallel flat glass by an encoder, Circuit means for processing a signal obtained by the scale reading means, and display means for displaying a result processed by the circuit means, wherein the means for tilting the parallel flat glass is a scale drum integrated with a manual knob And a pinion connected to the scale drum, a rack member meshed with the pinion, and a parallel flat glass connected to one end of the rack member via a lever, and a tilt of the parallel flat glass. The scale reading means for reading the amount by the encoder is connected to the other end of the rack member and slides via the lever and the rack member according to the amount of rotation of the parallel flat glass. An ascending member, a light emitting section, a detecting section, and a mask scale, wherein the mask scale is provided with a detection window for a light-receiving element having a phase shift of cos and sin, and the detecting section includes a mask. Cos, sin, REF which receives light passing through the scale
A micro device of a level, comprising a light receiving element for use.