JPH01100329A - Ac generator changing rotating speed of driving diesel engine according to magnitude of load kw - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the optimum rotating speed of an engine in response to the load by driving an AC generator and a governor with a Diesel engine via a continuously variable transmission(CVT) and transmitting the movement of the governor to the rack of a fuel injection pump with a fuel adjusting rod. CONSTITUTION:An AC generator 3 is driven by the power of a Diesel engine 1 via a CVT 2, and a governor 4 is driven by the power of the shaft system subsequent to the secondary side (output shaft side) of the CVT 2. The movement of this governor 4 is transmitted to the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 of the Diesel engine 1 via a fuel adjusting rod 7 to control the rotating speed of the Diesel engine 1, i.e., the rotating speed of the AC generator 3. The CVT 2 is controlled by a speed change ratio adjusting device 6. When the speed ratio of the CVT 2 is changed to the side accelerating (decelerating) the AC generator 3, the engine is controlled to be decelerated (accelerated) by the governor 4 until the accelerated quantity (decelerated quantity) of the AC generator 3 is returned to the original state.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a power generation device that mainly drives an alternating current generator using a diesel engine.

<Prior Art> Conventionally, in power generation devices in which a diesel engine drives an alternating current generator, the diesel engine has been designed to drive an alternator directly connected to its output shaft, needless to mention as an example. As a result, the diesel engine was always operated at the same rated speed as the generator, regardless of variations in the kilowatt load. For this reason, even if the required load kilowatts of the alternator is very small compared to the rated value, the generated frequency must be kept constant, so the diesel engine will rotate at a high rated rotational speed just like when the load kilowatts are large. They had no choice but to continue operating in numbers, leading to excessive engine wear, noise, and fuel consumption.

<Problems to be solved by the invention> In the above, the generator directly connected to the diesel engine is converted into a DC generator or an AC generator, the output of which is rectified to obtain DC, converted to AC using an inverter, and then There is a method of lowering the rotation speed of both the external electric machine and the diesel engine by directly connecting them to each other, but this method cannot reduce the rotation speed while utilizing 100% of the output torque of the diesel engine, and on top of that, the The disadvantage is that harmonics are mixed into the electric power.

Still another method is to use an alternator as the generator, and when the load kilowatt is small, the rotation speed of the diesel engine is lowered accordingly while keeping the generator rotation speed (frequency) constant at the rated value. It is possible to prevent excessive engine wear, noise, or fuel consumption by increasing the noise, but in such cases, the rotation speed (frequency) of the alternator
In practice, it is extremely difficult to keep the diesel engine's rotation speed constant with high precision while arbitrarily increasing or decreasing the rotation speed of the diesel engine in response to increases or decreases in the kilowatt load on the generator.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, in a diesel engine 1 that drives an alternator 3 via a continuously variable transmission 2, the rotation of the diesel engine 1 is The number of rotations is controlled by moving the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 up and down using a commonly used attached governor 5, while controlling the rotation speed of the alternator 3, which is driven from a drive shaft of the same system as itself. There is a method in which the gear ratio adjusting device 6 of the continuously variable transmission 2 is moved by a governor 4 to keep it constant. However, with this method, the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1 can be maintained with high accuracy by the governor 5, but the accuracy of changing the gear ratio of the continuously variable transmission 2 itself and the speed of reaction are limited for the basic alternator 3. Strictly speaking, the speed or sharpness is often insufficient, so no matter how accurately the governor 4 operates in response to changes in the rotational speed of the alternator 3 due to changes in the rotational speed of the diesel engine 1, It is not possible to keep the rotation speed (frequency) of the alternator 3 accurately constant by making the change in the gear ratio follow the change in the rotation speed without delay.
('fL) We were not satisfied with the occurrence of large rotational irregularities in the generator 3.

Means for Solving the Problems> In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to solve the above problems by driving a diesel engine 1 that drives an alternator 3 via a continuously variable transmission 2 and a governor 4. The drive shaft of this alternator 3 is arranged to be driven from the same system, and the movement of the governor 4 that detects the rotation speed (frequency) of this alternator 3 is controlled by an independent system like the conventional example above. A major feature is that the fuel is transmitted directly to the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 of the diesel engine 1 through the continuously variable transmission 2 via the fuel adjustment rod 7, rather than to the gear ratio adjustment device 6 of the stepped transmission 2. It is something to do.

As a result, the rotation speed of the alternator 3 can be changed so that the governor 4, which constantly detects the rotation speed of the alternator 3, directly moves the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 of the diesel engine 1, which is its driving source. On the other hand, the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1 itself is controlled in such a way that it is determined by the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission 2 at that point in time between the rotation speed of the alternator 3 thus controlled. It becomes like this. Generally, the rack position of the fuel injection pump 8 of the diesel engine 1 controls only the generated output torque of the diesel engine and is not directly related to the rotation speed, so the diesel engine is controlled only to the necessary generated output torque. This is how it happens.

Expressed in another way, when the diesel engine 1 drives the alternator 3 via the continuously variable transmission 2,
When the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission 2 changes to increase the speed of the alternator 3, the governor 4 decelerates the speed increasing bone of the alternator 3 until it returns to its original state, and conversely the alternator 3, the governor 4 increases the speed of the alternator 3 until the deceleration of the alternator 3 returns to its original value.

Therefore, if the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission 2 is changed by operating the gear ratio adjustment device 6 while keeping the rotation speed (frequency) of the alternator 3 at a predetermined value using the governor 4, , the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1 can be increased or decreased. In this case, even during a transition period when the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission 2 itself changes, or even if the speed ratio setting accuracy is insufficient, the rotation speed (frequency) of the alternator 3 is always maintained at the correct value. Insufficient precision manifests itself as insufficient precision in the rotational speed of the diesel engine 1.

Therefore, for example, when the load kilowatt of the alternator 3 is small, the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission 2 is operated by the gear ratio adjusting device 6 to increase the speed of the alternator 3 from the diesel engine 1 further. By changing the rotation speed in the direction, the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1 can be reduced to an arbitrary value or a value corresponding to the degree to which the load kilowatt is small, while maintaining the rotation speed (frequency) of the alternator 3 correctly. The initial objective is achieved. In this case, of course, the load torque of the diesel engine 1 corresponding to the kilowatts of the alternator 3 increases as the rotation speed decreases, so it is necessary to reduce the rotation speed until the increase becomes a value that can be tolerated by the diesel engine 1. Can be done.

Embodiments (1) In FIG. 1, which is shown as a basic embodiment of the present invention, a diesel engine 1 drives an alternating current generator 3 via a continuously variable transmission 2. In FIG. The continuously variable transmission 2 includes a gear ratio adjusting device 6. The governor 4 is driven from the same shaft as the alternating current generator 3, which is a shaft system after the secondary side (output shaft side) of the continuously variable transmission 2. The governor 4 is set at a rotational speed to drive the alternator 3, and its movement is transmitted to the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 of the diesel engine 1 via the fuel adjustment rod 7. In this way, the rotation speed of the alternating current generator 3 is controlled by the governor 4 and by the speed ratio adjustment device 6 of the continuously variable transmission 2 for the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1.

In the figure, the continuously variable transmission 2 is shown as a belt type, but any other type may of course be used. There is no effect on the rotation accuracy of 3.However, the primary side is variable speed and the secondary side is constant speed, which is the opposite of normal usage.

The governor 4 is shown as a centrifugal type. A centrifugal hydraulic type is also suitable depending on the required rotational accuracy and operating force.

(2) In the case of Fig. 1, as shown in the figure, the movement of the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 of the diesel engine 1 is transmitted from the governor 4 of the alternator 3 located on the shaft system other than the diesel engine 1. , even if the engine itself overspeeds, it will not necessarily react.To do this, as shown in Figure 2, set the governor 5 attached to the engine to the maximum allowable rotation speed of the diesel engine 1, and then control the fuel injection of the diesel engine 1. The fuel injection amount by rack adjustment of the pump 8 can be set to correspond to the allowable upper limit rotation speed using the governor 5 attached to the diesel engine.
and the governor 4 of the alternator 3, whichever indicates the smaller value. In this way, the governor 4 of the alternator 3 normally controls the rack of the fuel injection pump 8, but if the diesel engine 1 is about to overspeed for some reason, such as when the shaft system is separated, this Regardless of the movement of the governor 4, the governor 5 attached to the diesel engine 1 moves to cut the fuel, and instructs a smaller value than the governor 4 to move the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 in the direction of reducing the fuel injection amount. Overspeeding of the engine 1 can be suppressed.

(3) In the above item 2, as shown in Fig. 2, the movement of the governor 5 attached to the diesel engine 1 is
0 and is connected to the rack of the fuel injection pump 8. The spring in this spring cylinder 9 is held in with sufficient force to move the rack of the fuel injection pump 8, and normally works as a link, but if the stop lever 10 is pushed strongly in the stop direction indicated by the (-) arrow, The spring in the spring cylinder 9 deforms and stretches as a link, allowing the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 to be moved by an arbitrary amount in the direction of decreasing the fuel injection amount against the movement of the governor 5. As shown in Figure 6, this mechanism is originally provided in any diesel engine.

Then, the right end of the fuel adjustment rod 7, which receives movement from the governor 4 of the alternator 3, touches one point of the stop lever 10 (-).
Make sure to push it in the direction of the stop indicated by the arrow. This only pushes in the stop direction and just moves away in the opposite direction.

Therefore, if the governor 5 attempts to move the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 further than the governor 4 in the direction of decreasing the fuel injection amount shown by the (-) arrow, the right end of the fuel adjustment rod 7 will move toward the stop lever 1.
Since it can move away from 0, it can be moved, and conversely, if the governor 4 tries to move further in the direction of decreasing the fuel injection amount than the governor 5, the spring in the spring tube 9 will deform and the link will stretch. This is also possible.

In this way, the fuel injection amount of the diesel engine 1 can be determined by the governor 5 attached to the diesel engine, which can be set to correspond to the allowable upper limit rotation speed, or by the governor 4 of the alternator 3, whichever instructs the smaller value. Therefore, it comes to be controlled and the effect of the second term is performed.

(4) According to the present invention, if the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1 is lowered while maintaining the rotation speed (frequency) of the alternator 3 correctly, the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1 controlled by the governor 4 of the alternator 3 will decrease. A so-called hunting phenomenon, which causes unstable movement, may occur. This is mainly because the flywheel effect of the diesel engine 1 decreases as the rotational speed decreases.

Speed droop = (Static constant speed difference during full load change) ÷
(rotational speed), as this speed droop (%) decreases, hunting becomes more likely to occur, and conversely, increasing it suppresses it, so when hunting appears due to a decrease in the flywheel effect, etc., the speed Good to increase droop.

In order to do this, as shown in FIG. As the rotation speed of the alternator 3 is further increased, the rate at which the movement of the governor 4 is transmitted through the fuel adjustment rod 7 to the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 is reduced. Add a speed droop adjustment mechanism for the alternator.

That is, as shown in FIG. 3, a roller 11 is attached to the right end of the fuel adjustment lot 7, and a point on the stop lever 10 is
) A speed droop adjustment mechanism is provided with a connecting link 17 that pushes in the direction of decreasing the fuel injection amount as shown by the arrow and transmits the movement of the gear ratio adjustment device 6 to the vertical movement of the right end of the fuel adjustment rod 7.

In this way, the actuator 14 that moves the speed ratio regulator tR6 changes the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission 2 in the direction of decreasing the speed of the diesel engine 1 shown by the (-) arrow, that is, the speed change ratio of the continuously variable transmission 2 relative to the speed of the diesel engine 1. As the rotational speed of the generator 3 is further increased, the connecting link 17 of the speed droop adjustment mechanism lowers the roller 11 that presses a point on the stop lever 10 at the right end of the fuel adjustment rod 7. For example, the lever ratio on the stop lever 10 changes accordingly such that the same movement in the governor 4 is transmitted to the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 less. That is, for the movement of the rack of the same fuel injection pump 8, the governor 4
In other words, more speed changes are required for the same load change, and as a result, speed droop increases and hunting can be suppressed.

(5) As shown in Fig. 4, the movement of the fuel adjustment rod 7 on the fuel adjustment rod 7 is such that when the rack of the fuel injection pump 8 moves to a position where the fuel injection amount is large, it moves to a position where the fuel injection amount is small. A large fuel injection amount position sensor 12 and a fuel injection amount vehicle position sensor 13 are provided, which operate respectively when the fuel injection amount large position sensor 12 is activated. Conversely, when the fuel injection amount vehicle position sensor 13 is activated, a signal is sent to each actuator 14 to activate the gear ratio adjustment mechanism 6 of the continuously variable transmission 2 so that the same rotational speed is decreased.

In this way, in response to changes in the load kilowatts of the generator 3, the rotational speed of the diesel engine 1 is constantly automatically adjusted to a low value that is necessary and sufficient for the load kilowatts at that time. In particular, the load torque of the diesel engine 1 increases in inverse proportion to the decrease in the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1 itself for the same load kilowatt, but whether this increases or not, the load torque that is always allowable for the diesel engine 1 By detecting the maximum and minimum points on the rack position corresponding to , the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1 is automatically adjusted.

In this respect, the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1 can be adjusted more easily and accurately than the method in which detection is based on changes in the load kilowatts of the generator 3.

(6) In the above section, both the fuel injection amount large position sensor 12 and the fuel injection amount vehicle position sensor 13 immediately send a signal to the actuator 14 when the rack of the fuel injection pump 7 comes to a predetermined position. Although the gear ratio adjustment mechanism 6 of the continuously variable transmission 2 is operated, in this case, the actuator 14 repeatedly goes back and forth and the rotational speed may become unstable. At this time, both the fuel injection amount large position sensor 12 and the fuel injection amount vehicle position sensor 13 are provided with a function in which the strength of their respective activation signals increases continuously as they approach their respective activation positions. shall be taken as a thing. Therefore, signals are sent to the actuator 14 via an amplifier, and as the strength of these signals increases, the diesel engine 10 rotation speed increases continuously as it approaches the position where the injection amount is large. On the other hand, when approaching the position where the injection amount is small, the gear ratio adjuster fAt6 of the continuously variable transmission 2 is operated in a continuous stroke so that the injection amount is continuously reduced accordingly, thereby stabilizing the rotation speed. Can be done.

(7) In the above explanation, the governor 4 has been exemplified as one belonging to a mechanical type, but the features of the present invention can be further exhibited even if an electric governor is used.

As shown in FIG. 5, the detection unit 15 of the electric governor
The generated frequency is detected and calculated, and the result is transmitted to the actuator 16 of the electric governor, so that the actuator 16 moves the rack of the fuel injection pump 8.

In this way, the complexity of providing a drive mechanism around the alternator 1, as in the case of a mechanical governor, can be avoided. Furthermore, the actuator 1.6 can be freely placed in a convenient position close to the fuel injection pump 7.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but can take various forms based on the spirit thereof.

<Effects of the Invention> According to this invention, when the load kilowatt of the alternator is small, the rotation speed of the diesel engine can be adjusted to an arbitrary value or the load kilowatt is small while maintaining the rotation speed (frequency) of the alternator correctly. Since the output torque of the diesel engine can be lowered to a value according to the level of the engine, it does not cause excessive wear, noise, or fuel consumption to the diesel engine. The rotation speed can be reduced automatically.

The ability to maintain the correct rotational speed (frequency) of the alternator is achieved even when the gear ratio of the continuously variable transmission being used is in the process of being adjusted, or even when the setting is not sharp and the accuracy is insufficient. be done.

The alternator always rotates at the specified rotation speed regardless of the kilowatt load or whether the diesel engine is slowing down or not, so the correct alternating current power is generated without harmonics.

The self-use governor and stop lever that are normally provided with diesel engines can be used as is, and these can be used as they are to prevent overspeeding and stop the diesel engine itself.

Hunting, which tends to occur when the speed of a diesel engine is lowered, is prevented.

The appropriate amount of reduction in the diesel engine speed is automatically adjusted according to the degree to which the load kilowatt is small.

If an electric governor is used as the governor, installation can be done freely and conveniently. This can bring about great industrial effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 5 relate to the present invention; FIG. 1 shows a basic embodiment, FIGS. 2 to 5 show each embodiment, and FIG. 6 shows a conventional example. In the figure, 1 is a diesel engine, 2 is a continuously variable transmission, 3 is an alternator, 4 is a governor (driven from the same system as the drive shaft of alternator 3), and 5 is a governor (attached to diesel engine 1). ), 6 is a gear ratio adjustment device, 7 is a fuel adjustment rod, 8 is a fuel injection pump, 9 is a spring cylinder, 1O is a stop lever, 11 is a roller, 12 and 13 are fuel injection amount position sensors, and 14 is an actuator. , 15 is a detection section of the electric governor, 16 is an actuator thereof, and 17 is a connecting link. Figure 14

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) A diesel engine, an alternating current generator driven by the diesel engine via a continuously variable transmission, a governor driven from a coaxial system with the drive shaft of the alternator, and the movement of the governor controlled by the fuel of the diesel engine. The governor is provided with a fuel adjustment rod that communicates to the rack of the injection pump, and the governor always controls the rotation speed of the alternator, and the rotation speed of the diesel engine is controlled by changing the gear ratio of the continuously variable transmission. This is an alternating current generator that can change the rotation speed of the driving diesel engine depending on the size of the kilowatt load. (2) It has a governor attached to the diesel engine that can detect the rotation speed of the diesel engine and set the speed to correspond to the allowable upper limit rotation speed of the diesel engine, and the fuel injection amount of the diesel engine is controlled by the alternator. According to claim 1, the control is performed according to whichever of a governor driven from the same system as the drive shaft and a governor that detects the rotation speed of the diesel engine instructs a smaller value. An alternating current generator that can change the rotation speed of the diesel engine depending on the kilowatt load. (3) The movement of the governor attached to the diesel engine is transmitted from the stop spring to the fuel injection pump rack via the stop lever, and the movement of the governor, which is driven from the coaxial system with the drive shaft of the alternator, is The rotation of the driving diesel engine according to the magnitude of the load kilowatt as set forth in claim 2, wherein a point on the path from the stop lever to the rack of the fuel injection pump is pushed in a direction in which the amount of fuel injection decreases. An alternating current generator that can change the number of alternating current generators. (4) Set the gear ratio adjustment device of the continuously variable transmission in the direction of lowering the rotation speed of the diesel engine, that is, increase the gear ratio of the continuously variable transmission to the rotation speed of the diesel engine and further increase the rotation speed of the alternator. As the speed is increased, the movement of the governor, which is driven from the coaxial system with the drive shaft of the alternator, is linked to reduce the proportion of the movement of the governor being transmitted to the fuel injection pump rack through the fuel adjustment rod. An alternating current generator that can change the rotational speed of a driving diesel engine according to the magnitude of a load kilowatt according to claim 2, which is provided with an engine speed droop adjustment mechanism. (5) A position detection sensor is provided on the fuel adjustment rod that is activated when the fuel adjustment rod comes to the position corresponding to the large injection amount and the small injection amount on the rack of the fuel injection pump, respectively. When the sensor for small injection amount is activated, the speed of the diesel engine increases, and conversely, when the sensor with a small injection amount is activated, the speed of the diesel engine decreases.
An alternating current generator capable of changing the rotational speed of a driving diesel engine according to the magnitude of a load kilowatt according to claim 1, wherein each of the alternating current generators operates a gear ratio adjustment device of a continuously variable transmission. (6) The position detection sensor continuously increases the strength of each operating signal as the fuel adjustment rod approaches the large injection amount and small injection amount positions, and When the engine speed approaches the position where the injection amount is large, it increases continuously according to this,
On the other hand, when the injection amount approaches the small position, the gear ratio adjustment device of the continuously variable transmission is operated so that the injection amount is continuously reduced accordingly. An alternating current generator that can change the rotation speed of the driving diesel engine accordingly. (7) The governor that is driven from the same system as the drive shaft of the alternator is an electric governor, which detects and calculates the frequency generated by the alternator, An alternating current generator capable of changing the rotational speed of a driving diesel engine according to the magnitude of a load kilowatt according to claim 1, wherein the rack is moved from an actuator of a governor.