JP7517173B2 - Building - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to buildings.

Conventionally, there are buildings that have insulation material installed in the attic and a moisture-proof sheet installed between the insulation material and the ceiling material, and these insulation material and moisture-proof sheet insulate and airtight the room from outside air (for example, Patent Document 1). In such buildings, the moisture-proof sheet prevents humid indoor air from entering the attic in winter, so condensation in the attic can be suppressed.

JP 2018-87409 A

However, in the building described in Patent Document 1, since no moisture-proof sheet is provided between the insulation and the roof, humid air enters the attic from outdoors in the summer. In this state, the attic is cooled by indoor air cooled by the air conditioner.

This causes problems with condensation in the attic during the summer, and especially when the insulation is made of fiberglass or other fibrous insulation, humid air can get into the gaps between the fibers, causing condensation inside the insulation, making it prone to deterioration.

The present invention was made in consideration of these problems, and aims to provide a building that can suppress the occurrence of condensation in fiber-based insulation installed in the attic, regardless of whether it is winter or summer.

After extensive investigation, the inventors have discovered that the above object can be achieved by the following invention.

A building according to one aspect of the present invention comprises roofing panels for forming a roof, ceiling panels for forming a ceiling and disposed below the roofing panels so that an attic is formed below the roofing panels, a fiber-based insulation material disposed in the attic, an attic moisture barrier disposed between the roofing panels and the ceiling panels so as to cover the attic from above and below and surround the periphery of the attic, and an insulation means disposed between the roofing panels and the ceiling panels so as to cover the attic from above and surround the periphery of the attic.

In the above-mentioned building, in the summer, the attic moisture barrier layer can prevent humid air from entering the attic from outdoors, so the occurrence of condensation in the fiber insulation installed in the attic can be suppressed. Also, in the winter, the attic moisture barrier layer can prevent humid air from entering the fiber insulation from indoors, and the insulating means can prevent the fiber insulation from being cooled by cold air from outdoors, so condensation in the fiber insulation in the attic can be suppressed. This makes it possible to suppress deterioration of the fiber insulation due to condensation in both summer and winter.

The above-mentioned building further includes an air passage formed between the roof sheeting and the attic moisture barrier and the heat insulation means, and the attic moisture barrier and the heat insulation means may include a portion that faces the air passage and has moisture permeability.

In this embodiment, even if humid air penetrates into the attic moisture barrier, the penetrated moisture is discharged into the ventilation passage from the heat insulating means and the moisture-permeable portion of the attic moisture barrier, and an increase in humidity in the attic moisture barrier can be suppressed. The moisture-permeable portion of the attic moisture barrier refers to a portion that has moisture permeability, but whose presence improves moisture resistance compared to when that portion is not present. The moisture-permeable portion of the moisture barrier can be realized, for example, by resin (including foamed resin). This is because resin has some moisture permeability.

In the above-mentioned building, the part of the attic moisture-proof layer that covers the attic from above may be made of foamed resin and may also serve as the heat insulation means.

In this embodiment, the construction of the moisture-permeable part that covers the fibrous insulation material of the attic moisture barrier from above and the construction of the insulation means can be carried out simultaneously, simplifying the construction work.

In the above-mentioned building, the portion of the attic moisture barrier layer that covers the attic from above may have higher moisture permeability than the portion of the attic moisture barrier layer that covers the attic from below.

In this embodiment, even if moisture penetrates into the attic and the fiber insulation, the moisture can be actively discharged into the ventilation passage through the part of the attic moisture barrier that covers the attic from above. As a result, condensation in the attic can be more effectively suppressed.

The above-mentioned building may further include a wall having a plurality of columns, a first insulating material arranged between the plurality of columns, a wall moisture barrier attached to the inner surface of the plurality of columns so as to cover the plurality of columns and the first insulating material and connect the plurality of columns, a plurality of studs provided inside the wall moisture barrier, a second insulating material arranged between the plurality of studs, and an inner wall panel attached to the inner surface of the studs so as to cover the second insulating material.

In this embodiment, it is possible to arrange wiring such as ducts and electric wires inside the wall structure, which is composed of the pillars, the first insulation material, and the wall moisture barrier, while ensuring airtightness. Specifically, by arranging wiring from the attic to the space between the studs or through the second insulation material provided in that space, it is not necessary to drill holes in the wall moisture barrier, and the airtightness of the building can be ensured.

In the above-mentioned building, the wall moisture barrier, the portion of the attic moisture barrier that covers the attic from below, and the portion of the attic moisture barrier that covers the attic from above and surrounds the periphery of the attic may be connected to each other.

This aspect improves the airtightness between the outside air, the room, and the attic, further improving the airtightness of the entire building.

The present invention provides a building that can prevent condensation in the attic, where insulation is installed, regardless of whether it is winter or summer.

FIG. 1 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of the periphery of a wall and roof of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a wall of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Below, a building according to one embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the drawings.

(Building Composition)
Fig. 1 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of the walls and roof of a building according to this embodiment, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the walls of the building according to this embodiment. The building 1 has a roof 10, a ceiling 20, walls 30, beams 50, a fiber-based insulation material 61, an attic moisture barrier 70, and insulation means.

Next, we will explain each element that makes up Building 1.

As shown in FIG. 1, the roof 10 is a sloped roof. Specifically, the roof 10 has a number of rafters 13 supported at an angle on the beams 50, sheathing boards 11 (roof board material) that are provided on the rafters 13 and form the roof, a waterproof sheet 12 provided on the sheathing boards 11, tile beams 14 that are placed on the waterproof sheet 12 and fixed to the sheathing boards 11, and tiles 15 that are engaged with the tile beams 14 so as to cover the waterproof sheet 12.

The ceiling 20 has a joist 23 supported by beams 50, and ceiling boards 21 attached to the joist 23 at a position spaced below the sheathing boards 11 so that an attic 60 is formed under the sheathing boards 11. The ceiling boards 21 and the joist 23 to which the ceiling boards 21 are fixed via a moisture-proof sheet 22. The ceiling boards 21 are made of a board material such as gypsum board. The space under the ceiling 20 is the interior of the building 1.

The beams 50 form the framework of the building 1, are positioned on top of the walls 30, and support the roof 10. The beams 50 are positioned to surround the attic 60, which is sandwiched between the sheathing boards 11 and the ceiling boards 21, and form part of the upper moisture barrier layer 73 of the attic moisture barrier layer 70 described below.

The fiber insulation material 61 is arranged in the attic 60. Specifically, the fiber insulation material 61 is made of fiber insulation materials such as cellulose fiber, rock wool, and glass wool. The fiber insulation material 61 is arranged so as to cover the entire upper surface of the ceiling 20. The amount of fiber insulation material 61 is sufficient as long as the desired insulation performance is obtained, and it does not have to be arranged in the entire attic 60.

The attic moisture-proof layer 70 covers the attic 60 from both above and below, and is provided between the sheathing boards 11 and the ceiling boards 21 so as to surround the periphery of the attic 60. The attic moisture-proof layer 70 covers the attic 60 from above and has an upper moisture-proof layer 73 that surrounds the periphery of the attic 60, and a lower moisture-proof layer 74 that covers the attic 60 from below. The upper moisture-proof layer 73 covers the attic 60 from above and also serves as a heat-insulating means provided between the sheathing boards 11 and the ceiling boards 21 so as to surround the periphery of the attic 60.

The upper moisture-proof layer 73 has a ventilation member 71 made of paper or resin and provided as a backup material for spraying the fiber-based insulation material 61, a foam insulation material 72 made of foamed resin such as foamed urethane sprayed on the underside of the ventilation member 71 and the inner surface of the beam 50 (the surface facing the attic 60), and a beam 50 made of wood. The foam insulation material 72 is provided between the sheathing board 11 and the ceiling board material 21 so as to cover the attic 60 from above and surround the periphery of the attic 60. The upper moisture-proof layer 73 has insulation properties due to the foam insulation material 72 and the ventilation member 71 in addition to moisture-proof properties due to the foam insulation material 72, so it exerts insulation performance above and to the sides of the attic 60. In other words, the foam insulation material 72 constitutes part of the upper moisture-proof layer 73 and part of the insulation means.

The paper and resin that make up the ventilation member 71, and the resin that makes up the foam insulation material 72, are moisture permeable, so the upper moisture barrier layer 73, which includes these materials, is also moisture permeable, and the upper moisture barrier layer 73 constitutes the moisture permeable portion of the attic moisture barrier layer 70. The materials and dimensions of the upper moisture barrier layer 73 and the lower moisture barrier layer 74 are set so that the moisture permeability of the upper moisture barrier layer 73 is higher than that of the lower moisture barrier layer 74. The moisture permeable portion of the attic moisture barrier layer 70 refers to a portion that has moisture permeability, but whose presence improves moisture resistance compared to when that portion is not present.

The ventilation member 71 has a portion that extends upward from the upper part of the inner surface of the beam 50, and a portion that extends from the upper end of this portion along the sheathing board 11. The portion of the ventilation member 71 that extends along the sheathing board 11 has an uneven surface, and the convex portion of the ventilation member 71 is in contact with the sheathing board 11 with the concave portion of the ventilation member 71 spaced apart from the sheathing board 11. Therefore, a roof ventilation passage 10a (ventilation passage) is formed between the ventilation member 71 that constitutes the upper moisture barrier layer 73 and the sheathing board 11, and the upper moisture barrier layer 73 has a portion that faces the roof ventilation passage 10a side.

The roof ventilation passage 10a has an opening in the ridge portion (not shown) of the roof 10, so that in the building 1, air and moisture discharged from the attic 60 through the upper moisture barrier layer 73 into the roof ventilation passage 10a can be discharged from the ridge portion of the roof 10 via the roof ventilation passage 10a.

The foam insulation 72 is sprayed onto the inner surface of the beam 50, the inner surface of the portion of the ventilation member 71 that extends upward from the top of the inner surface of the beam 50, and the inner surface of the portion of the ventilation member 71 that extends along the sheathing board 11.

The lower moisture-proof layer 74 includes a moisture-proof sheet 22 that is provided to cover the upper surface of the ceiling panel 21, and a stud connecting member that is connected to the moisture-proof sheet 22 and provided on the wall body 30 described below. The stud connecting member includes a stud connecting member 37 and an upper panel 38, which are described below. The moisture-proof sheet 22 is a resin sheet.

As shown in FIG. 2, the wall 30 has a plurality of columns 31 arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction, a first insulating material 32 arranged between adjacent columns 31, a wall moisture barrier 33 covering the inner surface (the surface facing the interior) of the columns 31 and the first insulating material 32 and connecting the plurality of columns 31, a plurality of first studs 35 (studs) arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction inside the wall moisture barrier 33 and extending vertically, a second insulating material 34 arranged between adjacent first studs 35, and an inner wall panel 36 made of a plate material such as gypsum board attached to the inner surface of the first stud 35 so as to cover the second insulating material 34. The space on the opposite side of the first stud 35 of the inner wall panel 36 is the interior of the building 1.

The wall body 30 further has a stud connecting member. As shown in FIG. 1, the stud connecting member has a stud connection member 37 that extends horizontally, and an upper panel 38 that covers the inner surface of the stud connection member 37 and is sandwiched between the stud connection member 37 and the ceiling panel material 21 in a side view. The upper panel 38 is provided above the inner wall panel 36, sandwiching the ceiling panel material 21 between them.

Although not shown in the figure, the upper ends of the multiple columns 31 are connected to the beams 50, and the upper ends of the multiple first studs 35 are connected to the stud connection members 37. The first insulation material 32 is fitted into the space surrounded by the adjacent columns 31 and beams 50, and the second insulation material 34 is fitted into the space surrounded by the adjacent first studs 35 and the stud connection members 37.

The wall moisture-proof layer 33 is made of a resin sheet. The stud connection member 37 is made of wood or the like, and the upper panel 38 is made of a plate material such as gypsum board, and both the stud connection member 37 and the upper panel 38 are moisture-proof. The stud connection member 37 is connected to the inner surface of the upper panel 38, and the stud connection member 37 and the upper panel 38, i.e., the stud connecting member, together with the moisture-proof sheet 22, constitute the lower moisture-proof layer 74.

As shown in FIG. 1, the stud connection member 37 is fixed to the inner surface of the beam 50 by a fastener such as a nail or wood screw (not shown) while sandwiching the upper end of the wall moisture barrier layer 33. Furthermore, in the portion of the beam 50 where the stud connection member 37 is fixed, the foam insulation material 72 constituting the upper moisture barrier layer 73 has a portion sprayed so as to straddle the beam 50 and the stud connection member 37. As a result, the foam insulation material 72 is filled between the beam 50 and the stud connection member 37 (the area where the upper end of the wall moisture barrier layer 33 is located). Therefore, the wall moisture barrier layer 33, the lower moisture barrier layer 74, and the upper moisture barrier layer 73 are connected to each other.

1 and 2, the wall body 30 further includes an internal panel 41 made of plywood or the like that is provided to cover the outer surfaces (outside surfaces) of the columns 31, the first insulating material 32, and the beams 50, a plurality of second studs 40 that are provided horizontally at intervals on the outside of the internal panel 41, a third insulating material 42 that is arranged between adjacent second studs 40, a waterproof sheet 43 that is provided to cover the outer surfaces of the second studs 40 and the third insulating material 42, and an exterior wall panel 44 made of a plate material such as a ceramic plate that is provided to cover the outer surface of the waterproof sheet 43. Between the waterproof sheet 43 and the exterior wall panel 44, a wall body ventilation passage 30a that extends from the bottom to the top is provided. The wall body ventilation passage 30a is connected to the roof ventilation passage 10a, and the wall body ventilation passage 30a has an opening at the lower end of the wall body 30. Therefore, in the building 1, ventilation can be performed between the opening of the wall ventilation passage 30a and the opening formed in the ridge through the roof ventilation passage 10a and the wall ventilation passage 30a.

The first insulating material 32, the second insulating material 34, and the third insulating material 42 are all hard insulating materials made of extruded polystyrene or the like. In the wall body 30 according to this embodiment, the first insulating material 32 is made of two plate-shaped insulating materials stacked on the inside and outside, and the third insulating material 42 is made of one plate-shaped insulating material. The first insulating material 32 may be made of one plate-shaped insulating material. The second insulating material 34 is made of one plate-shaped insulating material and two plate-shaped insulating materials, the first insulating material piece 34a and the second insulating material piece 34b, stacked on the inside and outside. In the second insulating material 34 made of two stacked insulating materials, a cutout portion is formed in one of the insulating material pieces (the second insulating material piece 34b in FIG. 2) in order to form a space for wiring 39 such as ducts and electric wires on the outside of the inner wall panel 36. The wiring 39 can be extended from the attic 60 into the space inside the wall 30 by passing it through the stud connection member 37. The first insulation material 32, the second insulation material 34, and the third insulation material 42 may be soft insulation materials made of fiber-based insulation materials such as cellulose fiber, rock wool, and glass wool.

(Action, Effect)
In the building 1 according to the present embodiment, in the summer, the upper moisture-proof layer 73 can prevent humid air from entering the attic 60 from the outdoors, so that the occurrence of condensation in the fiber-based insulation material 61 provided in the attic 60 can be suppressed. In addition, in the winter, the lower moisture-proof layer 74 of the attic moisture-proof layer 70 can prevent humid air from entering the fiber-based insulation material 61 from the indoors, and further, the upper moisture-proof layer 73, which also serves as a heat-insulating means, can prevent the fiber-based insulation material 61 from being cooled by cold air from the outdoors, so that condensation in the fiber-based insulation material 61 in the attic 60 can be suppressed. As a result, deterioration of the fiber-based insulation material 61 due to condensation can be suppressed in both the summer and winter.

In addition, if wiring such as ducts or electric wires is installed in the attic 60, even if holes are provided in the lower moisture barrier layer 74 to introduce the wiring into the room or into the wall 30, the upper moisture barrier layer 73 can ensure the airtightness of the building 1.

In the building 1, even if humid air penetrates into the attic moisture barrier 70, the penetrated moisture is discharged from the insulation means and the upper moisture barrier 73, which is the moisture-permeable part of the attic moisture barrier 70, to the roof ventilation passage 10a, and is further discharged from the opening in the ridge part of the roof 10 via the roof ventilation passage 10a, thereby suppressing an increase in humidity in the attic moisture barrier 70. In addition, the roof ventilation passage 10a can prevent moisture discharged from the upper moisture barrier 73 from accumulating in the sheathing boards 11, thereby suppressing deterioration of the sheathing boards 11 due to the moisture.

In the building 1, the upper moisture barrier layer 73 is moisture permeable and also serves as a heat insulating means, so the construction of the moisture permeable portion that covers the fiber insulation material 61 of the attic moisture barrier layer 70 from above and the construction of the heat insulating means can be carried out simultaneously, simplifying the construction work.

In the building 1, the upper moisture barrier layer 73 has higher moisture permeability than the lower moisture barrier layer 74. Therefore, even if moisture penetrates the attic 60 and the fiber-based insulation material 61, the penetrated moisture can be actively discharged to the roof ventilation passage 10a via the upper moisture barrier layer 73. As a result, condensation in the attic 60 can be more effectively suppressed.

In the building 1, the wall structure made up of the pillars 31, the first insulation material 32, and the wall moisture barrier layer 33 can be made airtight while wiring 39 such as ducts and electric wires can be arranged inside the wall structure. Specifically, by arranging the wiring 39 through the space between the attic 60 and the first studs 35 or through the second insulation material 34 provided in that space, there is no need to drill holes in the wall moisture barrier layer 33, and the airtightness of the building 1 can be ensured.

In the building 1, the wall moisture barrier layer 33, the lower moisture barrier layer 74, and the upper moisture barrier layer 73 are connected to each other, improving the airtightness between the outside air, the room, and the attic 60, thereby further improving the airtightness of the entire building 1.

(Example of variation)
In the building 1 according to this embodiment, the upper end of the wall moisture barrier layer 33 is sandwiched between the stud connecting member 37 and the beam 50, but the upper part of the wall moisture barrier layer 33 may also be sandwiched between the second insulating material 34 and the stud connecting member 37. Also, the upper end of the wall moisture barrier layer 33 may be connected to the lower end of the stud connecting member 37. In either case, the stud connecting member 37 constituting the lower moisture barrier layer 74 is connected to the wall moisture barrier layer 33, improving the airtightness of the building 1.

Furthermore, the moisture-proof sheet 22 may be extended outward, and the end of the moisture-proof sheet 22 may be sandwiched between the stud connection member 37 and the second insulating material 34. In this case, the height of the contact portion between the stud connection member 37 and the second insulating material 34 may be aligned with the height of the upper surface of the ceiling panel material 21.

For example, if there are three or more pillars 31, the wall moisture barrier layer 33 may be made of multiple sheets connecting two adjacent pillars 31, but to further improve airtightness, it is preferable to use one sheet connecting all the pillars 31.

In the building 1 according to this embodiment, the upper moisture barrier layer 73 is made of foamed resin and also serves as a heat insulating means, but the upper moisture barrier layer and the heat insulating means may be separate members. For example, the upper moisture barrier layer may be made of a moisture barrier sheet, and foamed resin may be provided on the inside or outside of the moisture barrier sheet as a heat insulating means.

In addition, in the building 1 according to this embodiment, the foam insulation material 72 constituting the upper moisture barrier layer 73 is provided so as to cover the entire inner surface of the beam 50, but the foam insulation material 72 may be provided so that the inner surface of the beam 50 is exposed to the attic 60 side. In this case, since the beam 50 also has moisture-proofing properties, it constitutes the part of the attic moisture barrier layer 70 that surrounds the attic 60. In addition, the foam insulation material 72, the beam 50, and the ventilation member 71 constitute the part of the attic moisture barrier layer 70 that covers the attic 60 from above.

In the building 1 of this embodiment, the second stud 40 and the third insulation material 42 do not need to be provided.

1 Building 10 Roof 10a Roof ventilation channel (ventilation channel)
11. Roofing boards (roofing boards)
20 Ceiling 21 Ceiling board material 22 Moisture-proof sheet 30 Wall 31 Pillar 32 First insulation material 33 Wall moisture-proof layer 34 Second insulation material 35 First stud (stud)
36 Interior wall panel 50 Beam (part surrounding the attic of the attic moisture-proof layer)
60 Attic 61 Fiber-based insulation material 70 Attic moisture barrier layer 72 Foam insulation material (part that covers the attic of the attic moisture barrier layer from above and surrounds the periphery of the attic, part having moisture permeability, insulation means)
73 Upper moisture barrier layer (part that covers the attic of the attic moisture barrier layer from above and surrounds the periphery of the attic, part with moisture permeability, heat insulation means)
74 Lower moisture barrier (part that covers the attic of the attic moisture barrier from below)

Claims (6)

A building,
A roof sheet material for forming a roof;
A ceiling board material for forming a ceiling, the ceiling board material being provided below and spaced from the roof board material so that an attic is formed below the roof board material;
A fiber-based insulation material disposed in the attic;
An attic moisture-proof layer that covers the attic from both the top and bottom and is provided between the roof board material and the ceiling board material so as to surround the attic;
The building has an insulating means that covers the attic from above and is provided between the roof boards and the ceiling boards so as to surround the periphery of the attic. The building further includes an air passage formed between the roof sheet material, the attic moisture barrier layer, and the insulation means,
The building according to claim 1 , wherein the attic moisture barrier and the heat insulation means include a portion facing the air passage and having moisture permeability. The building according to claim 2, wherein the portion of the attic moisture barrier that covers the attic from above is made of foamed resin and also serves as the heat insulation means. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the portion of the attic moisture barrier layer covering the attic from above has higher moisture permeability than the portion of the attic moisture barrier layer covering the attic from below. The building is:
Several pillars and
a first insulation material disposed between the plurality of columns;
A wall moisture barrier attached to an inner surface of the plurality of columns so as to cover the plurality of columns and the first insulating material and connect the plurality of columns;
A plurality of studs provided on the inside of the wall moisture barrier;
a second insulating material disposed between the plurality of studs; and
The building of claim 1 , further comprising a wall having an interior wall panel attached to an inner surface of the stud so as to cover the second insulation material. The building according to claim 5, wherein the wall moisture barrier, the portion of the attic moisture barrier that covers the attic from below, and the portion of the attic moisture barrier that covers the attic from above and surrounds the attic are connected to each other.