JP7506852B2 - Anti-fog agent composition and anti-fog article having anti-fog coating film - Google Patents
Anti-fog agent composition and anti-fog article having anti-fog coating film Download PDFInfo
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- JP7506852B2 JP7506852B2 JP2020204784A JP2020204784A JP7506852B2 JP 7506852 B2 JP7506852 B2 JP 7506852B2 JP 2020204784 A JP2020204784 A JP 2020204784A JP 2020204784 A JP2020204784 A JP 2020204784A JP 7506852 B2 JP7506852 B2 JP 7506852B2
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Landscapes
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
本発明は、防曇剤組成物、及び防曇塗膜を有する防曇性物品に関する。 The present invention relates to an antifogging agent composition and an antifogging article having an antifogging coating film.
自動車のヘッドランプなどの車両灯具において、灯室内に高湿度の空気が入り込み、外気や降雨などによってレンズが冷やされ、内面に水分が結露することによって曇りが生じることがある。その結果、車両灯の輝度が低下し、またレンズ面の美観が損なわれることにより、ユーザーの不快感を引き起こす場合がある。このようなレンズの曇りを防ぐために、曇りが発生する部位(レンズ内側)に防曇剤を塗布して、防曇塗膜(乾燥塗膜、あるいは硬化塗膜)を形成する方法が知られている。 In vehicle lighting such as automobile headlamps, when high humidity air enters the lamp chamber and the lens is cooled by the outside air or rain, moisture condenses on the inner surface, causing fogging. As a result, the brightness of the vehicle light decreases and the aesthetic appearance of the lens surface is impaired, which can cause discomfort to the user. To prevent this type of fogging on the lens, a method is known in which an anti-fogging agent is applied to the area where fogging occurs (the inner side of the lens) to form an anti-fogging coating (dried coating or hardened coating).
通常、車両灯具に使用されるレンズには、透明度が高く、耐衝撃性に優れる観点から、ヘッドランプレンズとして、ポリカーボネート(PC)樹脂、リアコンビレンズとしてポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)樹脂が用いられる。PC樹脂の熱変形温度は130~140℃程度であるのに対し、PMMA樹脂の熱変形温度は、65~90℃程度となるため、PMMA樹脂に用いられる防曇剤組成物は、低温硬化(例えば、60℃程度)かつ、生産効率の観点から短時間硬化(例えば、40分以下)できるものが求められている。さらに、車両灯具用の防曇剤組成物には、良好な防曇性能、密着性および耐水性などを有する防曇塗膜を形成できるものが求められている。 In general, lenses used in vehicle lamps are made of polycarbonate (PC) resin for headlamp lenses and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin for rear combination lenses, because of their high transparency and excellent impact resistance. PC resin has a heat distortion temperature of about 130 to 140°C, whereas PMMA resin has a heat distortion temperature of about 65 to 90°C. Therefore, anti-fog agent compositions used for PMMA resins are required to be cured at low temperatures (e.g., about 60°C) and, from the viewpoint of production efficiency, to be cured in a short time (e.g., 40 minutes or less). Furthermore, anti-fog agent compositions for vehicle lamps are required to be capable of forming anti-fog coating films with good anti-fog performance, adhesion, water resistance, etc.
このような低温硬化できる防曇剤組成物としては、特許文献1では、特定の(メタ)アクリレート共重合体と、硫酸および/またはスルホン酸系化合物と、アニオン系界面活性剤及びカチオン系界面活性剤を含有する防曇剤組成物が開示されている。また、特許文献2では、特定の(メタ)アクリレート共重合体と、界面活性剤と、溶剤として炭素数2~3の1価アルコールおよび炭素数1~4の乳酸アルキルエステルなどを含有する防曇剤組成物が開示されている。 As an example of such a low-temperature curable anti-fogging composition, Patent Document 1 discloses an anti-fogging composition that contains a specific (meth)acrylate copolymer, a sulfuric acid and/or sulfonic acid compound, an anionic surfactant, and a cationic surfactant. Patent Document 2 discloses an anti-fogging composition that contains a specific (meth)acrylate copolymer, a surfactant, and a solvent such as a monohydric alcohol having 2 to 3 carbon atoms and an alkyl lactic acid ester having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
防曇塗膜上に水分が接触して水膜が形成され、曇りを防ぐ際に、水が局部的に流れ落ちて乾燥することにより、水に溶解していた界面活性剤などの親水性成分が析出して、水垂れ跡を生じることがある。水垂れ跡はレンズの外観不良を発生させる一つの要因となっており、防曇塗膜が車両灯具内面に形成されている場合には、水垂れ跡が発生しても構造上拭き取り難いため、水垂れ跡が抑制されることは実用上大きな意味がある。 When moisture comes into contact with the anti-fog coating and a water film is formed to prevent fogging, the water may flow off locally and dry, causing hydrophilic components such as surfactants dissolved in the water to precipitate, resulting in water drip marks. Water drip marks are one of the factors that cause poor appearance of lenses, and when the anti-fog coating is formed on the inner surface of a vehicle lamp, even if water drip marks occur, they are difficult to wipe off due to the structure, so suppressing water drip marks is of great practical significance.
また、水垂れ跡は時間経過とともに、水垂れ跡に含まれる界面活性剤などが凝集することで白化が進行し、目立ちやすくなることがある。そのため、水垂れ跡が発生した直後(初期の水垂れ跡)だけでなく、発生してから時間が経過した後も水垂れ跡の白化が進行しにくいことが求められている。 In addition, over time, the surfactants and other substances contained in the drip marks can coagulate, causing the marks to whiten and become more noticeable. For this reason, there is a demand for the marks to be less susceptible to whitening, not only immediately after they appear (initial drip marks), but also over time after they appear.
しかし、上記特許文献1、2で開示された防曇剤組成物から形成された防曇塗膜は、経時的に水垂れ跡が白化する懸念があった。 However, there was a concern that the anti-fog coating film formed from the anti-fog agent composition disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 above would whiten over time at the water drip marks.
本発明は、上記の実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、低温かつ短時間硬化で、良好な防曇性能、密着性および耐水性を有し、初期の水垂れ跡が抑制され、かつ、経時的に水垂れ跡の白化が進行しにくい防曇塗膜を得ることができる防曇剤組成物を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and aims to provide an anti-fog composition that can be cured at low temperature and in a short time to obtain an anti-fog coating film that has good anti-fog performance, adhesion and water resistance, suppresses the initial formation of water drip marks, and is resistant to the progress of whitening of water drip marks over time.
すなわち、本発明は、共重合体(A)と酸触媒(B)と界面活性剤(C)を含む防曇剤組成物であって、前記共重合体(A)は、単量体混合物から得られる(メタ)アクリレート共重合体であり、前記単量体混合物は、一般式(1):
前記界面活性剤(C)は、アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)とカチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)とノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)を含み、前記単量体混合物中、前記単量体(A-1)の割合が25~60重量%、前記単量体(A-2)の割合が5~30重量%、前記単量体(A-3)の割合が5~30重量%、前記単量体(A-2)と(A-3)の合計量の割合が15~50重量%、前記単量体(A-4)の割合が2~15重量%、および前記単量体(A-5)の割合が20~55重量%である防曇剤組成物に関する。
That is, the present invention provides an antifogging agent composition comprising a copolymer (A), an acid catalyst (B), and a surfactant (C), wherein the copolymer (A) is a (meth)acrylate copolymer obtained from a monomer mixture, and the monomer mixture is a (meth)acrylate copolymer represented by general formula (1):
The antifogging agent composition relates to the above-mentioned surfactant (C) which comprises an anionic surfactant (C-1), a cationic surfactant (C-2) and a nonionic surfactant (C-3), and in the above-mentioned monomer mixture, the proportion of the above-mentioned monomer (A-1) is 25 to 60% by weight, the proportion of the above-mentioned monomer (A-2) is 5 to 30% by weight, the proportion of the above-mentioned monomer (A-3) is 5 to 30% by weight, the proportion of the total amount of the above-mentioned monomers (A-2) and (A-3) is 15 to 50% by weight, the proportion of the above-mentioned monomer (A-4) is 2 to 15% by weight, and the proportion of the above-mentioned monomer (A-5) is 20 to 55% by weight.
また、本発明は、前記防曇剤組成物から形成される防曇塗膜を有する防曇性物品に関する。 The present invention also relates to an anti-fogging article having an anti-fogging coating film formed from the anti-fogging agent composition.
本発明では、以下の作用メカニズムが推定される。 In the present invention, the following mechanism of action is assumed:
本発明の防曇剤組成物は、特定量の単量体(A-1)~(A-5)を含む単量体混合物から得られる(メタ)アクリレート共重合体と、酸触媒(B)と、界面活性剤(C)を含む。本発明の防曇組成物から形成される防曇塗膜は、主に、共重合体(A)を構成する単量体(A-1)の性質に基づいて良好な基材に対する防曇塗膜の密着性と吸水時の塗膜強度が発現され、単量体(A-2)および単量体(A-3)の性質に基づいて防曇性能と経時的な水垂れ跡の白化抑制の効果を両立することができ、単量体(A-4)の性質に基づいて防曇塗膜の架橋が形成され、単量体(A-5)の性質に基づいて良好な防曇性能が発現される。また、酸触媒(B)により低温での単量体(A-4)の架橋反応が促進される。 The anti-fog composition of the present invention includes a (meth)acrylate copolymer obtained from a monomer mixture containing specific amounts of monomers (A-1) to (A-5), an acid catalyst (B), and a surfactant (C). The anti-fog coating film formed from the anti-fog composition of the present invention exhibits good adhesion to the substrate and coating strength when absorbing water mainly based on the properties of the monomer (A-1) constituting the copolymer (A), and can achieve both anti-fog performance and the effect of suppressing whitening of water drip marks over time based on the properties of the monomer (A-2) and monomer (A-3), crosslinking of the anti-fog coating film is formed based on the properties of the monomer (A-4), and good anti-fog performance is exhibited based on the properties of the monomer (A-5). In addition, the acid catalyst (B) promotes the crosslinking reaction of the monomer (A-4) at low temperatures.
また、本発明の防曇剤組成物は、界面活性剤(C)として、アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)とカチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)とノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)を併用する。前記アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)と前記カチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)は、防曇塗膜中でイオンペアを形成して、防曇塗膜から溶出し難くなることによって、本発明の防曇塗膜は、長期の使用にわたって防曇性能が低下しにくくなり、良好な防曇性能が持続する。さらに、ノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)を使用することで、初期の水垂れ跡が白化することを抑制できる。 The anti-fog agent composition of the present invention uses an anionic surfactant (C-1), a cationic surfactant (C-2), and a nonionic surfactant (C-3) in combination as the surfactant (C). The anionic surfactant (C-1) and the cationic surfactant (C-2) form an ion pair in the anti-fog coating film and are less likely to be eluted from the anti-fog coating film, so that the anti-fog performance of the anti-fog coating film of the present invention is less likely to decrease over long-term use, and good anti-fog performance is maintained. Furthermore, the use of the nonionic surfactant (C-3) can suppress the whitening of initial water drip marks.
よって、本発明の防曇剤組成物によれば、低温かつ短時間硬化で、車両灯具に求められる性能を有し、かつ、従来の防曇剤組成物より、経時的に水垂れ跡の白化が進行しにくい塗膜、および防曇塗膜を有する防曇性物品を提供できる。とくに、上記の経時的に水垂れ跡の白化が進行しにくい作用効果は、これまでの技術では知られていないため、本発明の防曇剤組成物は、車両灯具等の防曇塗膜として有用である。 Therefore, the anti-fog composition of the present invention can provide a coating film that has the performance required for vehicle lighting fixtures, can be cured at low temperatures and in a short time, and is less susceptible to whitening of water drip marks over time than conventional anti-fog composition, and an anti-fog article having an anti-fog coating film. In particular, the above-mentioned effect of preventing whitening of water drip marks over time has not been known in the art so far, and therefore the anti-fog composition of the present invention is useful as an anti-fog coating film for vehicle lighting fixtures, etc.
本発明の防曇剤組成物は、共重合体(A)と酸触媒(B)と界面活性剤(C)含む。 The antifogging agent composition of the present invention contains a copolymer (A), an acid catalyst (B), and a surfactant (C).
<共重合体(A)>
本発明の共重合体(A)は、単量体混合物から得られる(メタ)アクリレート共重合体であり、前記単量体混合物は、少なくとも、以下の単量体(A-1)~(A-5)を含む。
<Copolymer (A)>
The copolymer (A) of the present invention is a (meth)acrylate copolymer obtained from a monomer mixture, and the monomer mixture contains at least the following monomers (A-1) to (A-5).
<単量体(A-1)>
本発明の単量体(A-1)は、一般式(1):
The monomer (A-1) of the present invention is represented by the general formula (1):
前記単量体(A-1)は、主に、基材に対する防曇塗膜の密着性を高めると共に、吸水時の塗膜強度を高める機能を有する。 The monomer (A-1) mainly functions to increase the adhesion of the anti-fog coating film to the substrate and to increase the strength of the coating film when it absorbs water.
前記単量体(A-1)としては、例えば、メチルメタクリレート、エチルメタクリレート、n-プロピルメタクリレート、イソプロピルメタクリレート、n-ブチルメタクリレート、イソブチルメタクリレート、t-ブチルメタクリレート、ペンチルメタクリレート、ヘキシルメタクリレート、シクロヘキシルメタクリレートなどが挙げられる。前記単量体(A-1)は、基材に対する防曇塗膜の密着性、吸水時の塗膜強度を向上させる観点から、直鎖または分岐鎖のアルキル基を有することが好ましく、また、炭素数は1~4であることが好ましく、1~3であることがより好ましい。前記単量体(A-1)は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 Examples of the monomer (A-1) include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, pentyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, and cyclohexyl methacrylate. From the viewpoint of improving the adhesion of the anti-fog coating film to the substrate and the coating film strength when water is absorbed, the monomer (A-1) preferably has a linear or branched alkyl group, and preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. At least one type of the monomer (A-1) may be used, and two or more types may be used in combination.
<単量体(A-2)>
本発明の単量体(A-2)は、一般式(2):
The monomer (A-2) of the present invention is represented by the general formula (2):
前記単量体(A-2)は、特定の割合で使用することによって、防曇性能と経時的な水垂れ跡の白化抑制の効果を両立する。 By using the monomer (A-2) in a specific ratio, it is possible to achieve both anti-fogging performance and the effect of suppressing whitening of water drip marks over time.
前記単量体(A-2)としては、例えば、メチルアクリレート、エチルアクリレート、n-プロピルアクリレート、イソプロピルアクリレート、n-ブチルアクリレート、イソブチルアクリレート、t-ブチルアクリレート、ペンチルアクリレート、2-メチルブチルアクリレート、3-メチルブチルアクリレート、n-ヘキシルアクリレート、2-エチルブチルアクリレートなどが挙げられる。前記単量体(A-2)は、防曇塗膜の防曇性能を高めると共に、経時的な水垂れ跡の白化抑制の効果を発揮する観点から、炭素数は3~4であることが好ましい。記単量体(A-2)は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 Examples of the monomer (A-2) include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, 2-methylbutyl acrylate, 3-methylbutyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, and 2-ethylbutyl acrylate. From the viewpoint of enhancing the anti-fogging performance of the anti-fogging coating film and suppressing the whitening of water drip marks over time, it is preferable that the monomer (A-2) has 3 to 4 carbon atoms. At least one type of the monomer (A-2) may be used, and two or more types may be used in combination.
<単量体(A-3)>
本発明の単量体(A-3)は、一般式(3):
The monomer (A-3) of the present invention is represented by the general formula (3):
前記単量体(A-3)は、特定の割合で使用することによって、防曇性能と経時的な水垂れ跡の白化抑制の効果を両立する。 When used in a specific ratio, the monomer (A-3) achieves both anti-fogging properties and the effect of suppressing whitening of water marks over time.
前記単量体(A-3)としては、例えば、ヘプチルアクリレート、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート、n-オクチルアクリレート、イソノニルアクリレート、デシルアクリレート、イソデシルアクリレート、ラウリルアクリレート、トリデシルアクリレート、テトラデシルアクリレートなどが挙げられる。前記単量体(A-3)は、防曇塗膜の防曇性能を高めると共に、経時的な水垂れ跡の白化抑制の効果を発揮する観点から、炭素数は8~12であることが好ましく、8~10であることがより好ましい。記単量体(A-3)は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 Examples of the monomer (A-3) include heptyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, isononyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, and tetradecyl acrylate. From the viewpoint of enhancing the anti-fogging performance of the anti-fogging coating film and suppressing the whitening of water drip marks over time, the monomer (A-3) preferably has 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms. At least one type of the monomer (A-3) may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
<単量体(A-4)>
本発明の単量体(A-4)は、一般式(4):
The monomer (A-4) of the present invention is represented by the general formula (4):
前記単量体(A-4)は、主に、N-メチロール基やN-メチロールエーテル基同士の脱水縮合反応により分子間を架橋させて共重合体に架橋構造を形成する機能を有する。また、この縮合反応は酸触媒によって促進される。 The monomer (A-4) mainly functions to form a crosslinked structure in the copolymer by crosslinking between molecules through a dehydration condensation reaction between N-methylol groups or N-methylol ether groups. This condensation reaction is accelerated by the use of an acid catalyst.
前記単量体(A-4)としては、例えば、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-メトキシメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-プロポキシメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-ブトキシメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-イソブトキシメチル(メタ)アクリルアミドなどが挙げられる。前記単量体(A-4)は、低温での加熱硬化性に優れる観点から、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミドが好ましい。前記単量体(A-4)は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 Examples of the monomer (A-4) include N-methylol (meth)acrylamide, N-methoxymethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-propoxymethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-butoxymethyl (meth)acrylamide, and N-isobutoxymethyl (meth)acrylamide. From the viewpoint of excellent heat curing properties at low temperatures, N-methylol (meth)acrylamide is preferred as the monomer (A-4). At least one type of the monomer (A-4) may be used, and two or more types may be used in combination.
<単量体(A-5)>
本発明の単量体(A-5)は、一般式(5):
The monomer (A-5) of the present invention is represented by the general formula (5):
前記単量体(A-5)は、主に、防曇塗膜の防曇性能を高める機能を有する。 The main function of the monomer (A-5) is to enhance the anti-fogging performance of the anti-fogging coating film.
前記単量体(A-5)としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-メチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-エチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-n-プロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-イソプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジエチル(メタ)アクリルアミドなどが挙げられる。前記単量体(A-5)は防曇性能と共に、基材に対する防曇塗膜の密着性が優れる観点からN,N-ジアルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド系単量体が好ましく、N,N-ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジエチル(メタ)アクリルアミドがより好ましい。前記単量体(A-5)は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 Examples of the monomer (A-5) include (meth)acrylamide, N-methyl(meth)acrylamide, N-ethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-n-propyl(meth)acrylamide, N-isopropyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, and N,N-diethyl(meth)acrylamide. From the viewpoint of excellent adhesion of the anti-fog coating film to the substrate as well as anti-fog performance, the monomer (A-5) is preferably an N,N-dialkyl(meth)acrylamide monomer, and more preferably N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide or N,N-diethyl(meth)acrylamide. At least one type of the monomer (A-5) may be used, and two or more types may be used in combination.
なお、前記単量体混合物には、前記単量体(A-1)~(A-5)以外のその他の単量体として、例えば、炭素数15以上のアルキル基をエステル基の末端に有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート;スチレン、ビニルトルエン、α-メチルスチレンなどの芳香族ビニル系単量体;ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、フェノキシエチル(メタ)アクリレートなどの芳香族アクリル系単量体;(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド、(メタ)アクリロイルアミノプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリドなどの4級アンモニウム塩を含むビニル系単量体;テトラヒドロフルフリル(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタメチルピペリジニルメタクリレート、テトラメチルピペリジニルメタクリレートなどの複素環アクリル系単量体;イソボルニル(メタ)アクリレート、ジシクロペンテニル(メタ)アクリレート、ジシクロペンテニルオキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジシクロペンタニル(メタ)アクリレートなどの脂環アクリル系単量体;(メタ)アクリル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸などのカルボキシ基含有単量体、およびこれらのアンモニウム塩、有機アミン塩、アルカリ金属塩;スチレンスルホン酸、ビニルスルホン酸、メタリルスルホン酸、2-(メタ)アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸、3-スルホプロピル(メタ)アクリレートなどのスルホン酸基含有ビニル系単量体、およびこれらのアンモニウム塩、有機アミン塩、アルカリ金属塩;2-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルアシッドホスフェートなどのリン酸基含有ビニル系単量体、およびこれらのアンモニウム塩、有機アミン塩、アルカリ金属塩;1,6-ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,9-ノナンジオール(メタ)アクリレート、1,10-デカンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリンジ(メタ)アクリレート、N,N´-メチレンビス〔(メタ)アクリルアミド〕などの2官能性(メタ)アクリレート;γ-(メタ)アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-(メタ)アクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシランなどのアルコキシシリル基含有ビニル系単量体;グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、ビニルグリシジルエーテル、アリルグリシジルエーテルなどのエポキシ基含有ビニル系単量体;ジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレートなどのアミノ基含有ビニル系単量体;(メタ)アクリロイルモルホリン、ダイアセトン(メタ)アクリルアミドなどが使用できる。 In addition, the monomer mixture may contain other monomers other than the monomers (A-1) to (A-5), such as alkyl (meth)acrylates having an alkyl group having 15 or more carbon atoms at the end of the ester group; aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene, vinyl toluene, and α-methylstyrene; aromatic acrylic monomers such as benzyl (meth)acrylate and phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate; vinyl monomers containing quaternary ammonium salts such as (meth)acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and (meth)acryloylaminopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate; heterocyclic acrylic monomers such as isobornyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate, and the like; carboxy group-containing monomers such as (meth)acrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, and the like, and ammonium salts, organic amine salts, and alkali metal salts thereof; styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, methallyl sulfonic acid, 2-(meth)acrylamide-2-methyl Sulfonic acid group-containing vinyl monomers such as propanesulfonic acid and 3-sulfopropyl(meth)acrylate, and their ammonium salts, organic amine salts, and alkali metal salts; phosphoric acid group-containing vinyl monomers such as 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate, and their ammonium salts, organic amine salts, and alkali metal salts; 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol (meth)acrylate, 1,10-decanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, glycerin di(meth)acrylate, N,N'-methylenebis[( Bifunctional (meth)acrylates such as (meth)acrylamide); alkoxysilyl group-containing vinyl monomers such as γ-(meth)acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-(meth)acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, and vinyltrimethoxysilane; epoxy group-containing vinyl monomers such as glycidyl (meth)acrylate, vinyl glycidyl ether, and allyl glycidyl ether; amino group-containing vinyl monomers such as dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate; (meth)acryloylmorpholine, diacetone (meth)acrylamide, and the like can be used.
以下に、本発明の共重合体(A)を形成する単量体混合物中の各単量体成分の割合について説明する。 The ratio of each monomer component in the monomer mixture that forms the copolymer (A) of the present invention is described below.
前記単量体混合物中、前記単量体(A-1)の割合は25~60重量%である。前記単量体(A-1)の割合は、基材に対する防曇塗膜の密着性、吸水時の塗膜強度を向上させる観点から、前記単量体混合物中、30重量%以上が好ましい、そして、防曇性を向上させる観点から、45重量%以下が好ましく、40重量%以下がより好ましい。 The proportion of the monomer (A-1) in the monomer mixture is 25 to 60% by weight. From the viewpoint of improving the adhesion of the anti-fog coating film to the substrate and the strength of the coating film when absorbing water, the proportion of the monomer (A-1) in the monomer mixture is preferably 30% by weight or more, and from the viewpoint of improving anti-fog properties, the proportion is preferably 45% by weight or less, and more preferably 40% by weight or less.
前記単量体混合物中、前記単量体(A-2)の割合が5~30重量%、前記単量体(A-3)の割合が5~30重量%、および前記単量体(A-2)と前記単量体(A-3)の合計量の割合が15~50重量%である。前記単量体(A-2)と前記単量体(A-3)の合計量の割合は、防曇性能を向上させる観点から、前記単量体混合物中、40重量%以下が好ましく、35重量%以下がより好ましく、そして、経時的な水垂れ跡の白化を抑制できる観点から20重量%以上が好ましく、25重量%以上がより好ましい。前記単量体(A-2)と前記単量体(A-3)の重量比((A-2)/(A-3))は、防曇性能を向上させる観点から、0.3以上が好ましく、0.5以上がより好ましく、そして、経時的な水垂れ跡の白化を抑制できる観点から、3以下が好ましく、2.5以下がより好ましい。 In the monomer mixture, the proportion of the monomer (A-2) is 5 to 30% by weight, the proportion of the monomer (A-3) is 5 to 30% by weight, and the total proportion of the monomer (A-2) and the monomer (A-3) is 15 to 50% by weight. From the viewpoint of improving anti-fogging performance, the total proportion of the monomer (A-2) and the monomer (A-3) in the monomer mixture is preferably 40% by weight or less, more preferably 35% by weight or less, and from the viewpoint of suppressing whitening of water drip marks over time, it is preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 25% by weight or more. The weight ratio of the monomer (A-2) to the monomer (A-3) ((A-2)/(A-3)) is preferably 0.3 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, from the viewpoint of improving anti-fogging performance, and is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2.5 or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing whitening of water drip marks over time.
前記単量体混合物中、前記単量体(A-4)の割合は2~15重量%である。前記単量体(A-4)の割合は、耐水性を向上させる、および初期の水垂れ跡の濃さを抑制できる観点から、前記単量体混合物中、3重量%以上が好ましく、4重量%以上がより好ましく、そして、基材に対する防曇塗膜の密着性を向上させる観点から、10重量%以下が好ましい。 The proportion of the monomer (A-4) in the monomer mixture is 2 to 15% by weight. From the viewpoints of improving water resistance and suppressing the darkness of initial water drip marks, the proportion of the monomer (A-4) in the monomer mixture is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 4% by weight or more, and from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion of the anti-fog coating film to the substrate, preferably 10% by weight or less.
前記単量体混合物中、前記単量体(A-5)の割合は20~55重量%である。前記単量体(A-5)の割合は、防曇性能を向上させる観点から、前記単量体混合物中、25重量%以上が好ましく、30重量%以上がより好ましく、そして、耐水性を向上させる、および初期の水垂れ跡の濃さを抑制できる観点から、50重量%以下が好ましく、40重量%以下がより好ましい。 The proportion of the monomer (A-5) in the monomer mixture is 20 to 55% by weight. From the viewpoint of improving anti-fogging performance, the proportion of the monomer (A-5) in the monomer mixture is preferably 25% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, and from the viewpoint of improving water resistance and suppressing the darkness of initial water drip marks, the proportion is preferably 50% by weight or less, more preferably 40% by weight or less.
前記単量体混合物中、前記単量体(A-1)~(A-5)の合計の割合は、80重量%以上であることが好ましく、85重量%以上であることがより好ましく、90重量%以上であることがさらに好ましく、95重量%以上であることがよりさらに好ましく、98重量%以上であることがよりさらに好ましい。 In the monomer mixture, the total proportion of the monomers (A-1) to (A-5) is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 85% by weight or more, even more preferably 90% by weight or more, even more preferably 95% by weight or more, and even more preferably 98% by weight or more.
<共重合体(A)の製造方法>
本発明の共重合体(A)は、前記単量体混合物を共重合することにより得られる。共重合体の構造としては、ランダム共重合体、交互共重合体、ブロック共重合体およびグラフト共重合体のいずれの構造であってもよいが、防曇性能をはじめとする防曇剤組成物の効果を向上させることができると共に、防曇剤組成物を容易に調整することができるという観点からランダム共重合体が好ましい。共重合体を得るための重合方法としては、ラジカル重合法、カチオン重合法、カチオンリビング重合法、アニオンリビング重合法などの公知の各種重合方法が採用されるが、特に工業的な生産性の容易さ、多義にわたる性能面より、ラジカル重合法が好ましい。ラジカル重合法としては、通常の塊状重合法、懸濁重合法、溶液重合法、乳化重合法などが採用されるが、重合後にそのまま防曇剤組成物として使用することができる点で溶液重合法が好ましい。
<Method for producing copolymer (A)>
The copolymer (A) of the present invention is obtained by copolymerizing the monomer mixture. The copolymer structure may be any of random copolymers, alternating copolymers, block copolymers and graft copolymers, but a random copolymer is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the effects of the antifogging agent composition, including antifogging performance, and easily adjusting the antifogging agent composition. As a polymerization method for obtaining the copolymer, various known polymerization methods such as radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, cationic living polymerization and anionic living polymerization are adopted, but radical polymerization is preferred from the viewpoint of ease of industrial productivity and versatile performance. As a radical polymerization method, a normal bulk polymerization method, suspension polymerization method, solution polymerization method, emulsion polymerization method and the like are adopted, but a solution polymerization method is preferred from the viewpoint that it can be used as an antifogging agent composition as it is after polymerization.
前記溶液重合法に用いる重合溶剤としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n-ブタノール、イソブタノール、s-ブタノール、t-ブタノール、ジアセトンアルコールなどのアルコール系溶剤;エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、3-メトキシ-1-ブタノール、3-メトキシ-3-メチル-1-ブタノールなどのグリコールエーテル系溶剤;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン系溶剤;テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサンなどのエーテル系溶剤;酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸イソブチル、酢酸t-ブチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチルなどのエステル系溶剤;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族系溶剤;ホルムアミド、ジメチルホルムアミドなどのアミド系溶剤;水などが使用される。前記重合溶剤は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 Examples of polymerization solvents used in the solution polymerization method include alcohol-based solvents such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, s-butanol, t-butanol, and diacetone alcohol; glycol ether-based solvents such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, 3-methoxy-1-butanol, and 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol; ketone-based solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; ether-based solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; ester-based solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, t-butyl acetate, methyl lactate, and ethyl lactate; aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; amide-based solvents such as formamide and dimethylformamide; and water. At least one of the polymerization solvents may be used, and two or more of them may be used in combination.
なお、前記重合溶剤は、著しく高沸点を有する溶剤は、防曇塗膜の乾燥、加熱硬化時において、溶剤の残留によって基材に対する防曇塗膜の密着性を損なう場合がある観点から、1気圧下、180℃未満の沸点を有する溶剤を使用することが好ましい。 The polymerization solvent preferably has a boiling point of less than 180°C at 1 atmosphere, since solvents with extremely high boiling points may impair the adhesion of the anti-fog coating to the substrate when the anti-fog coating is dried or cured by heating.
前記ラジカル重合開始剤は、一般的に使用される有機過酸化物、アゾ化合物などを使用することができる。前記有機過酸化物としては、例えば、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノイルパーオキサイド、t-ブチルパーオキシ-2-ヘキサノエートレート、t-ブチルパーオキシピバレート、t-ヘキシルパーオキシピバレートなどが挙げられる。前記アゾ化合物としては、例えば、2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、2,2’-アゾビス-2-メチルブチロニトリルなどが挙げられる。前記ラジカル重合開始剤は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 The radical polymerization initiator may be a commonly used organic peroxide, azo compound, or the like. Examples of the organic peroxide include benzoyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, t-butylperoxy-2-hexanoate, t-butylperoxypivalate, and t-hexylperoxypivalate. Examples of the azo compound include 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile and 2,2'-azobis-2-methylbutyronitrile. At least one type of radical polymerization initiator may be used, and two or more types may be used in combination.
前記ラジカル重合開始剤の添加量は、前記単量体混合物100重量部に対して0.01~5重量部であることが好ましい。前記ラジカル重合開始剤は、反応容器中に滴下しながら重合を行うことが重合発熱を制御しやすくなる点で好ましい。重合反応を行う温度は、使用するラジカル重合開始剤の種類によって適宜変更されるが、工業的に製造を行う上で好ましくは30~150℃、より好ましくは40~100℃である。 The amount of the radical polymerization initiator added is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture. It is preferable to carry out the polymerization while dropping the radical polymerization initiator into the reaction vessel, as this makes it easier to control the heat generated by polymerization. The temperature at which the polymerization reaction is carried out varies depending on the type of radical polymerization initiator used, but is preferably 30 to 150°C, more preferably 40 to 100°C, for industrial production.
前記共重合体(A)の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、防曇塗膜に耐水性を付与する観点から、20,000以上が好ましく、30,000以上がより好ましい。共重合体(A)の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、防曇剤組成物の塗装性およびハンドリング性を高める観点から、200,000以下が好ましく、150,000以下がより好ましい。 The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymer (A) is preferably 20,000 or more, more preferably 30,000 or more, from the viewpoint of imparting water resistance to the anti-fog coating film. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymer (A) is preferably 200,000 or less, more preferably 150,000 or less, from the viewpoint of improving the coatability and handleability of the anti-fog agent composition.
前記共重合体(A)の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、GPC法にて求めることができる。サンプルは、試料をテトラヒドロフランに溶解して0.5重量%の溶液とし、0.45μmのメンブレンフィルターでろ過したものを用い、以下の条件にて測定することができる。
<重量平均分子量(Mw)の測定>
分析装置:HLC-8320GPC(東ソー社製)
カラム:TSKgel SuperMultipore HZ-M(2本)(東ソー社製)
カラムサイズ:4.6×150mm
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン
流量:0.35mL/min
検出器:示差屈折計
カラム温度:40℃
標準試料:ポリスチレン
The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymer (A) can be determined by a GPC method using a sample that is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a 0.5 wt% solution and filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter, and can be measured under the following conditions.
<Measurement of weight average molecular weight (Mw)>
Analytical equipment: HLC-8320GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)
Column: TSKgel SuperMultipore HZ-M (2 columns) (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)
Column size: 4.6 x 150 mm
Eluent: Tetrahydrofuran Flow rate: 0.35 mL/min
Detector: differential refractometer Column temperature: 40°C
Standard sample: polystyrene
<酸触媒(B)>
本発明の酸触媒(B)は、スルホン酸系化合物であり、前記単量体(A-4)にかかる縮合反応を低温で促進させるための触媒として機能を有する。
<Acid Catalyst (B)>
The acid catalyst (B) of the present invention is a sulfonic acid compound, and functions as a catalyst for promoting the condensation reaction of the monomer (A-4) at low temperatures.
前記酸触媒(B)としては、例えば、メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、1-プロパンスルホン酸などのアルキルスルホン酸系化合物;ベンゼンスルホン酸、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸、4-エチルベンゼンスルホン酸、p-クロロベンゼンスルホン酸、m-キシレン-4-スルホン酸、3-ピリジンスルホン酸、ジノニルナフタレンスルホン酸、ジノニルナフタレンジスルホン酸、1-ピレンスルホン酸などのアリールスルホン酸系化合物などが挙げられる。前記酸触媒(B)は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 Examples of the acid catalyst (B) include alkylsulfonic acid compounds such as methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, and 1-propanesulfonic acid; and arylsulfonic acid compounds such as benzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 4-ethylbenzenesulfonic acid, p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, m-xylene-4-sulfonic acid, 3-pyridinesulfonic acid, dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, dinonylnaphthalenedisulfonic acid, and 1-pyrenesulfonic acid. At least one type of acid catalyst (B) may be used, and two or more types may be used in combination.
前記酸触媒(B)は、前記共重合体(A)100重量部に対して、0.1~5重量部であることが好ましい。前記酸触媒(B)は、耐水性と防曇性能を向上させる、および初期の水垂れ跡の濃さを抑制できる観点から、前記共重合体(A)100重量部に対して、1重量部以上であることが好ましく、1.5重量部以上であることがより好ましく、そして、4重量部以下であることが好ましく、3重量部以下であることがより好ましい。 The amount of the acid catalyst (B) is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A). From the viewpoint of improving water resistance and anti-fogging performance and suppressing the darkness of initial water drip marks, the amount of the acid catalyst (B) is preferably 1 part by weight or more, more preferably 1.5 parts by weight or more, and is preferably 4 parts by weight or less, more preferably 3 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A).
<界面活性剤(C)>
本発明の界面活性剤(C)は、アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)とカチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)、およびノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)を含む。
<Surfactant (C)>
The surfactant (C) of the present invention includes anionic surfactants (C-1), cationic surfactants (C-2), and nonionic surfactants (C-3).
前記アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)としては、従来公知のものをすべて用いることができるが、例えば、オレイン酸ナトリウム、オレイン酸カリウムなどの脂肪酸塩;ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、ラウリル硫酸アンモニウムなどの高級アルコール硫酸エステル類;ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸ナトリウムなどのアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩およびアルキルナフタレンスルホン酸塩;ナフタレンスルホン酸ジアルキルホスフェート塩、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸塩、ジアルキルホスフェート塩、ポリオキシエチレンサルフェート塩などが挙げられる。また、前記アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)としては、例えば、パーフルオロアルキルカルボン酸塩、パーフルオロアルキルスルホン酸塩、パーフルオロアルキルリン酸エステルなどのフッ素含有アニオン系界面活性剤などが挙げられる。前記アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)は、防曇性能に優れるという観点から、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸塩、フッ素含有アニオン系界面活性剤が好ましい。前記アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 As the anionic surfactant (C-1), any of the conventionally known surfactants can be used, including, for example, fatty acid salts such as sodium oleate and potassium oleate; higher alcohol sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate; alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkylnaphthalene sulfonates such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate; dialkyl naphthalene sulfonate phosphates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, dialkyl phosphate salts, and polyoxyethylene sulfate salts. As the anionic surfactant (C-1), for example, fluorine-containing anionic surfactants such as perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, and perfluoroalkyl phosphate esters can be used. As the anionic surfactant (C-1), dialkyl sulfosuccinates and fluorine-containing anionic surfactants are preferred from the viewpoint of excellent anti-fogging performance. At least one type of the anionic surfactant (C-1) may be used, and two or more types may be used in combination.
前記カチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)としては、従来公知のものをすべて用いることができるが、例えば、ラウリルアミンアセテート、トリエタノールアミンモノ蟻酸塩、ステアラミドエチルジエチルアミン酢酸塩などのアミン塩;ラウリルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ステアリルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライドなどのアルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩; ジラウリルジメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ジステアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ラウリルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、ステアリルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライドなどのジアルキルジメチルアンモニウム塩などが挙げられる。また、前記カチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)としては、例えば、パーフルオロアルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、パーフルオロアルケニルトリメチルアンモニウム塩などのフッ素含有カチオン系界面活性剤が挙げられる。前記カチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)は、防曇性能、初期の水垂れ跡の濃さを抑制できる観点から、アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、ジアルキルジメチルアンモニウム塩が好ましい。前記カチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 As the cationic surfactant (C-2), any of the conventionally known surfactants can be used, including, for example, amine salts such as laurylamine acetate, triethanolamine monoformate, and stearamidoethyl diethylamine acetate; alkyl trimethyl ammonium salts such as lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride and stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts such as dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. In addition, as the cationic surfactant (C-2), for example, fluorine-containing cationic surfactants such as perfluoroalkyl trimethyl ammonium salts and perfluoroalkenyl trimethyl ammonium salts can be used. As the cationic surfactant (C-2), alkyl trimethyl ammonium salts and dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts are preferable from the viewpoints of anti-fogging performance and suppressing the thickness of initial water drip marks. At least one type of the cationic surfactant (C-2) may be used, and two or more types may be used in combination.
前記ノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)としては、従来公知のものを全て使用することができるが、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテルなどのポリオキシエチレン高級アルコールエーテル類;ポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェノール、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェノールなどのポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリールエーテル類;ポリプロピレングリコールエチレンオキサイド付加物、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノステアレートなどのポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類;アルキルリン酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルリン酸エステルなどのリン酸エステル類;シュガーエステル類、セルロースエーテル類などが挙げられる。また、前記ノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)としては、例えば、パーフルオロアルキルアミンオキサイド、パーフルオロアルケニルアミンオキサイド、パーフルオロアルキルエチレンオキシド付加物、パーフルオロアルケニルエチレンオキシド付加物、パーフルオロアルキル基および親水性基を有するオリゴマー、パーフルオロアルケニル基及び親水性基を有するオリゴマー、パーフルオロアルキル基及び親油性基を有するオリゴマー、パーフルオロアルケニル基及び親油性基を有するオリゴマー、パーフルオロアルキル基と親水性基および親油性基を有するオリゴマー、パーフルオロアルケニル基と親水性基及び親油性基を有するオリゴマーなどのフッ素含有ノニオン系界面活性剤が挙げられる。前記ノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)は、初期の水垂れ跡の白化を抑制できる観点から、ポリオキシエチレン高級アルコールエーテル類が好ましい。前記ノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)は、少なくとも1種を用いればよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。 As the nonionic surfactant (C-3), any of the conventionally known surfactants can be used, including, for example, polyoxyethylene higher alcohol ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether and polyoxyethylene oleyl ether; polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers such as polyoxyethylene octylphenol and polyoxyethylene nonylphenol; polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters such as polypropylene glycol ethylene oxide adduct, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate; phosphate esters such as alkyl phosphate esters and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate esters; sugar esters, cellulose ethers, etc. Examples of the nonionic surfactant (C-3) include fluorine-containing nonionic surfactants such as perfluoroalkylamine oxide, perfluoroalkenylamine oxide, perfluoroalkylethylene oxide adduct, perfluoroalkenylethylene oxide adduct, oligomer having a perfluoroalkyl group and a hydrophilic group, oligomer having a perfluoroalkenyl group and a hydrophilic group, oligomer having a perfluoroalkyl group and a lipophilic group, oligomer having a perfluoroalkenyl group and a lipophilic group, oligomer having a perfluoroalkyl group, a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group, and oligomer having a perfluoroalkenyl group, a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group. The nonionic surfactant (C-3) is preferably a polyoxyethylene higher alcohol ether from the viewpoint of suppressing whitening of initial water drip marks. At least one type of the nonionic surfactant (C-3) may be used, and two or more types may be used in combination.
以下に、本発明の界面活性剤(C)の各成分の割合について説明する。 The proportions of each component of the surfactant (C) of the present invention are described below.
前記アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)は、前記共重合体(A)100重量部に対して、1~10重量部であることが好ましい。前記アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)は、防曇性能を向上させる観点から、前記共重合体(A)100重量部に対して、2重量部以上であることが好ましく、3重量部以上であることがより好ましく、そして、初期の水垂れ跡の濃さを抑制できる観点から、9重量部以下であることが好ましく、8重量部以下であることがより好ましい。 The anionic surfactant (C-1) is preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A). From the viewpoint of improving anti-fogging performance, the anionic surfactant (C-1) is preferably 2 parts by weight or more, more preferably 3 parts by weight or more, relative to 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A), and from the viewpoint of suppressing the darkness of initial water drip marks, it is preferably 9 parts by weight or less, more preferably 8 parts by weight or less.
前記カチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)は、前記共重合体(A)100重量部に対して、0.1~5重量部であることが好ましい。前記カチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)は、防曇性能および耐湿性試験後の防曇性能を向上させる観点から、前記共重合体(A)100重量部に対して、0.5重量部以上であることが好ましく、1.0重量部以上であることがより好ましく、そして、初期の水垂れ跡の濃さを抑制できる観点から、4重量部以下であることが好ましく、3重量部以下であることがより好ましい。 The cationic surfactant (C-2) is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A). From the viewpoint of improving anti-fogging performance and anti-fogging performance after a moisture resistance test, the cationic surfactant (C-2) is preferably 0.5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 1.0 part by weight or more, relative to 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A), and from the viewpoint of suppressing the darkness of initial water drip marks, the amount is preferably 4 parts by weight or less, more preferably 3 parts by weight or less.
前記アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)と前記カチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)の重量比((C-1)/(C-2))は、良好な防曇性能を持続できる観点から、10以下であることが好ましく、8以下であることがより好ましい。 From the viewpoint of maintaining good anti-fogging performance, the weight ratio ((C-1)/(C-2)) of the anionic surfactant (C-1) to the cationic surfactant (C-2) is preferably 10 or less, and more preferably 8 or less.
前記ノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)は、前記共重合体(A)100重量部に対して、0.4~10重量部であることが好ましい。前記ノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)は、初期の水垂れ跡の白化を抑制できる観点から、前記共重合体(A)100重量部に対して、1重量部以上であることが好ましく、2重量部以上であることがより好ましく、そして、初期の水垂れ跡の濃さを抑制できる観点から、8重量部以下であることが好ましく、6重量部以下であることがより好ましい。 The nonionic surfactant (C-3) is preferably 0.4 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A). From the viewpoint of being able to suppress the whitening of initial water drip marks, the nonionic surfactant (C-3) is preferably 1 part by weight or more, more preferably 2 parts by weight or more, per 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A), and from the viewpoint of being able to suppress the darkness of initial water drip marks, the nonionic surfactant (C-3) is preferably 8 parts by weight or less, more preferably 6 parts by weight or less.
前記共重合体(A)100重量部に対して、前記界面活性剤(C)の割合が1.5~25重量部であることが好ましく、5~20重量部であることがより好ましい。 The ratio of the surfactant (C) to 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A) is preferably 1.5 to 25 parts by weight, and more preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight.
本発明の防曇剤組成物は、さらに、希釈溶剤を含むことができる。 The antifogging agent composition of the present invention may further contain a diluting solvent.
前記希釈溶剤は、防曇剤組成物の塗装に適した固形分および粘度調整を目的として使用する。希釈溶剤としては、前記共重合体(A)の重合溶剤を用いることが好ましい。塗装方法により、塗装に適した固形分および粘度は異なるが、スプレーコート法の場合、前記共重合体(A)は、防曇剤組成物中、3重量%以上であることが好ましく、5重量%以上であることがさらに好ましく、30重量%以下であることが好ましく、20重量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。 The dilution solvent is used for the purpose of adjusting the solid content and viscosity suitable for coating the antifogging agent composition. As the dilution solvent, it is preferable to use the polymerization solvent of the copolymer (A). The solid content and viscosity suitable for coating differ depending on the coating method, but in the case of the spray coating method, the copolymer (A) is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, preferably 30% by weight or less, and even more preferably 20% by weight or less in the antifogging agent composition.
本発明の防曇剤組成物には、その他の成分として、必要に応じ、レベリング剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤などの慣用の各種添加剤を配合することができる。前記その他の成分の添加量は、それぞれの添加剤につき慣用的な添加量で配合することができるが、通常、前記共重合体(C)100重量部に対して、10重量部以下である。 The antifogging agent composition of the present invention may contain various conventional additives such as leveling agents, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and light stabilizers as other components, as necessary. The amount of each of the other components added may be the conventional amount for each additive, but is usually 10 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (C).
<防曇性物品>
本発明の防曇性物品は、前記防曇剤組成物を、通常の塗料において行われる塗装方法により被塗装物に塗装し、加熱硬化することによって、被塗装物表面に防曇塗膜が形成されたものである。なお、塗装直後の塗膜中に含まれる溶剤を揮発乾燥させることを目的として、加熱硬化の工程の前に乾燥工程を設けることができる。
<Anti-fogging article>
The anti-fog article of the present invention is one in which the anti-fog agent composition is applied to an object to be coated by a coating method generally used for coating materials, and then the composition is heat-cured to form an anti-fog coating film on the surface of the object to be coated. Note that a drying step can be provided prior to the heat-curing step in order to volatilize and dry the solvent contained in the coating film immediately after application.
前記被塗装物としては、その種類は問わず、公知の樹脂基材が使用可能であるが、例えば、ポリメチルメタクリレート樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、アクリロニトリル・スチレン共重合樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、アセテート樹脂、ABS樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂などが挙げられる。 As the substrate to be coated, any known resin substrate can be used, including, for example, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, acetate resin, ABS resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, etc.
前記被塗装物への塗装の際には、被塗装物に対する防曇剤組成物の濡れ性を高め、はじきを防止する目的で、塗装前における被塗装物表面の付着異物除去を行うことが好ましい。高圧エアやイオン化エアによる除塵、洗剤水溶液またはアルコール溶剤による超音波洗浄、アルコール溶剤などを使用したワイピング、紫外線とオゾンによる洗浄などが挙げられる。塗装方法としては、例えば、浸漬法、フローコート法、ロールコート法、バーコート法、スプレーコート法などが挙げられる。 When applying the antifogging agent composition to the substrate, it is preferable to remove any foreign matter adhering to the substrate surface before application in order to increase the wettability of the antifogging agent composition to the substrate and prevent repellency. Examples of methods include dust removal using high-pressure air or ionized air, ultrasonic cleaning using a detergent aqueous solution or an alcohol solvent, wiping using an alcohol solvent, and cleaning using ultraviolet light and ozone. Examples of application methods include immersion, flow coating, roll coating, bar coating, and spray coating.
前記乾燥は、通常、20~50℃の温度で0.5~5分間の条件下で行われる。 The drying is usually carried out at a temperature of 20 to 50°C for 0.5 to 5 minutes.
前記加熱は、基材が樹脂部材である場合、加熱温度を樹脂部材の熱変形温度以下に設定することが必要であるが、樹脂部材の僅かな変形を防止する観点から、樹脂部材の熱変形温度より5℃以下が好ましく、10℃以下が好ましい。例えば、樹脂部材がポリメチルメタクリレート樹脂の場合は60℃以下が好ましく、ポリカーボネート樹脂の場合は110℃以下が好ましい。加熱時間は、生産性の観点から、例えば、加熱温度が60℃の場合、60分以下が好ましく、40分以下がより好ましく、加熱時間が110℃の場合、30分以下が好ましく、20分以下がより好ましい。 When the substrate is a resin member, the heating temperature must be set to a temperature equal to or lower than the thermal deformation temperature of the resin member. From the viewpoint of preventing slight deformation of the resin member, the heating temperature is preferably set to 5°C or lower, and more preferably 10°C or lower, than the thermal deformation temperature of the resin member. For example, when the resin member is a polymethyl methacrylate resin, the heating temperature is preferably set to 60°C or lower, and when the resin member is a polycarbonate resin, the heating temperature is preferably set to 110°C or lower. From the viewpoint of productivity, for example, when the heating temperature is 60°C, the heating time is preferably set to 60 minutes or lower, and more preferably 40 minutes or lower, and when the heating time is 110°C, the heating time is preferably set to 30 minutes or lower, and more preferably 20 minutes or lower.
防曇塗膜の膜厚は、良好な防曇性能と塗膜外観を得る観点から、0.5~10μm程度であることが好ましく、1~5μm程度であることがより好ましい。 The thickness of the anti-fog coating is preferably about 0.5 to 10 μm, and more preferably about 1 to 5 μm, from the viewpoint of obtaining good anti-fog performance and coating appearance.
前記防曇性物品は、その用途は何ら限定されるものではないが、例えば、自動車の車両灯具に用いることができる。前記車両灯具としては、例えば、前照灯、補助前照灯、車幅灯、番号灯、尾灯、駐車灯、後退灯、方向指示灯、補助方向指示灯、非常点滅表示などが挙げられる。 The anti-fogging article is not limited in its application, but can be used, for example, in vehicle lighting for automobiles. Examples of vehicle lighting include headlights, auxiliary headlights, width lights, license plate lights, tail lights, parking lights, back-up lights, turn signals, auxiliary turn signals, and emergency flashers.
以下に本発明を実施例などによって説明するが、本発明はこれらのみに限定されない。 The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these.
<実施例1>
<共重合体(A)の製造>
温度計、攪拌装置、窒素導入管および冷却管を備えた反応容器に、重合溶剤としてジアセトンアルコールを203重量部仕込み、窒素ガスを吹き込みながら70℃に加熱した。次いで、単量体(A-1)として、メチルメタクリレートを30重量部、単量体(A-2)としてブチルアクリレートを15重量部、単量体(A-3)としてn-オクチルアクリレートを15重量部、単量体(A-4)としてN-メチロールアクリルアミドを5重量部、単量体(A-5)としてN,N-ジメチルアクリルアミドを35重量部、ジアセトンアルコールを15重量部混合した溶液と、ラジカル重合開始剤としてt-ヘキシルパーオキシネオデカノエート(日油株式会社製、商品名「パーヘキシルND」)1.0重量部相当を、ジアセトンアルコール10重量部に溶解した溶液を3時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後にそのまま30分攪拌した後、パーヘキシルNDの0.4重量部相当を、ジアセトンアルコール4.0重量部に溶解した溶液を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後にそのまま1.75時間攪拌した後、冷却して共重合体(A)の溶液を製造した。ガスクロマトグラフィーにて共重合体(A)の仕込み単量体の重合転化率を測定したところ、99%であった。また、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにて共重合体(A)の重量平均分子量を測定したところ、120,000であった。この共重合体(A)の溶液の固形分は30.0%であった。
Example 1
<Production of Copolymer (A)>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, a nitrogen inlet tube, and a cooling tube, 203 parts by weight of diacetone alcohol was charged as a polymerization solvent, and heated to 70° C. while blowing in nitrogen gas. Next, a solution obtained by mixing 30 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate as monomer (A-1), 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate as monomer (A-2), 15 parts by weight of n-octyl acrylate as monomer (A-3), 5 parts by weight of N-methylolacrylamide as monomer (A-4), 35 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylacrylamide as monomer (A-5), and 15 parts by weight of diacetone alcohol, and a solution obtained by dissolving 1.0 part by weight of t-hexylperoxyneodecanoate (manufactured by NOF Corporation, trade name "Perhexyl ND") as a radical polymerization initiator in 10 parts by weight of diacetone alcohol were dropped over 3 hours. After the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and then a solution of 0.4 parts by weight of Perhexyl ND dissolved in 4.0 parts by weight of diacetone alcohol was dropped over 1 hour. After the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred for 1.75 hours, and then cooled to produce a solution of copolymer (A). The polymerization conversion rate of the charged monomer of copolymer (A) was measured by gas chromatography and found to be 99%. In addition, the weight average molecular weight of copolymer (A) was measured by gel permeation chromatography and found to be 120,000. The solid content of this solution of copolymer (A) was 30.0%.
<防曇剤組成物の製造>
上記で得られた共重合体(A)100重量部(固形分30%)の溶液333重量部に、n-プロピルアルコールを866重量部加えて、重合体(A)の濃度を重量8.3%に調整した。次に、酸触媒(B)としてドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸を2.0重量部、アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)としてジ(2-エチルヘキシル)スルホコハク酸ナトリウム(日油株式会社製、商品名「ラピゾールA80」)を5.0重量部相当、カチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)としてジデシルジメチルアンモニウムクロライド(日油株式会社製、商品名「ニッサンカチオン2-DB-800E」)を1.50重量部相当、ノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)としてポリオキシエチレンイソデシルエーテル(日油株式会社製、商品名「ノニオンID-209」)を6.0重量部相当、レベリング剤としてポリエーテル変性ポリジメチルシロキサン(ビックケミー・ジャパン株式会社製、商品名「BYK333」)を0.05重量部混合し、防曇剤組成物を製造した。
<Preparation of antifogging agent composition>
To 333 parts by weight of a solution of 100 parts by weight (solid content 30%) of the copolymer (A) obtained above, 866 parts by weight of n-propyl alcohol was added to adjust the concentration of the polymer (A) to 8.3% by weight. Next, 2.0 parts by weight of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as the acid catalyst (B), 5.0 parts by weight of sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (manufactured by NOF Corporation, product name "LAPISOLU A80") as the anionic surfactant (C-1), 1.50 parts by weight of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (manufactured by NOF Corporation, product name "NISSAN CATION 2-DB-800E") as the cationic surfactant (C-2), 6.0 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene isodecyl ether (manufactured by NOF Corporation, product name "NONION ID-209") as the nonionic surfactant (C-3), and 0.05 parts by weight of polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane (manufactured by BYK Japan KK, product name "BYK333") as the leveling agent were mixed to produce an antifogging agent composition.
<防曇性物品の作製>
25℃、30%RHの相対湿度に設定した環境下で、上記で得られた防曇剤組成物をポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)樹脂板に、硬化後の塗膜の膜厚が2~3μm程度になるように、スプレー塗装法にて塗装を行い、60℃で40分間の加熱硬化を行い、防曇塗膜を有する防曇性物品(試験片)を作製した。
<Preparation of Anti-Fog Article>
In an environment set at 25°C and a relative humidity of 30% RH, the antifogging agent composition obtained above was spray-coated on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin plate so that the coating film thickness after curing would be about 2 to 3 μm, and the coating was heat-cured at 60°C for 40 minutes to prepare an antifogging article (test piece) having an antifogging coating film.
上記で得られた試験片を用いて、下記の(1-1)~(1-2)、(2)~(4)、(5-1)~(5-3)の評価方法で得られた結果を表1に示す。 Using the test specimens obtained above, the results obtained by the following evaluation methods (1-1) to (1-2), (2) to (4), and (5-1) to (5-3) are shown in Table 1.
<(1)防曇性能の評価>
<(1-1)スチーム試験>
80℃に保った温水浴の水面から2cmの高さの所に、試験片を防曇塗膜面が下になるように設置し、温水浴からのスチームを塗膜に連続照射し、照射から10秒後の曇りの有無を目視によって次の4段階で評価した。なお、評価がB-以上であれば実用上問題なく、B+であれば好ましく、Aであればより好ましい。
A:スチーム照射直後に水膜が形成され、曇らない。
B+:スチーム照射直後に一瞬の曇りが認められるが、すぐに水膜が形成され曇らない。
B-:スチーム照射直後に曇りが認められるが、水膜が形成され曇らない。
C:スチーム照射直後に曇りが認められ、水膜が形成されない。
<(1) Evaluation of anti-fogging performance>
<(1-1) Steam test>
The test piece was placed with the anti-fog coating surface facing down at a height of 2 cm above the water surface of a hot water bath maintained at 80° C., and the coating was continuously irradiated with steam from the hot water bath. The presence or absence of fogging 10 seconds after irradiation was visually evaluated according to the following four-level scale. A rating of B- or higher is satisfactory for practical use, B+ is preferable, and A is more preferable.
A: A water film is formed immediately after steam irradiation and the glass does not become cloudy.
B+: A momentary clouding is observed immediately after steam irradiation, but a water film is quickly formed and the clouding does not occur.
B-: Clouding was observed immediately after steam irradiation, but a water film was formed and the clouding did not occur.
C: Clouding was observed immediately after steam irradiation, and no water film was formed.
<(1-2)耐湿性試験後スチーム試験>
試験片を50℃、95%RHの条件で240時間静置した後、室温にて24時間静置した。その後、80℃に保った温水浴の水面から2cmの高さの所に、試験片を防曇塗膜面が下になるように設置し、温水浴からのスチームを防曇塗膜に連続照射し、照射から10秒後の曇りの有無を目視によって次の4段階で評価した。なお、評価がB-以上であれば実用上問題なく、B+であれば好ましく、Aであればより好ましい。
A:スチーム照射直後に水膜が形成され、曇らない。
B+:スチーム照射直後に一瞬の曇りが認められるが、すぐに水膜が形成され曇らない。
B-:スチーム照射直後に曇りが認められるが、水膜が形成され曇らない。
C:スチーム照射後にきれいな水膜が形成されない、もしくは水膜が形成されず曇りが認められる。
<(1-2) Steam test after moisture resistance test>
The test piece was left to stand for 240 hours under conditions of 50°C and 95% RH, and then left to stand for 24 hours at room temperature. Thereafter, the test piece was placed at a height of 2 cm from the water surface of a hot water bath kept at 80°C, with the anti-fog coating film side facing down, and the anti-fog coating film was continuously irradiated with steam from the hot water bath, and the presence or absence of fogging 10 seconds after irradiation was visually evaluated according to the following four stages. Note that if the evaluation is B- or higher, there is no practical problem, if it is B+, it is preferable, and if it is A, it is more preferable.
A: A water film is formed immediately after steam irradiation and the glass does not become cloudy.
B+: A momentary clouding is observed immediately after steam irradiation, but a water film is quickly formed and the clouding does not occur.
B-: Clouding was observed immediately after steam irradiation, but a water film was formed and the clouding did not occur.
C: After steam irradiation, a clear water film was not formed, or a water film was not formed and cloudiness was observed.
<(2)塗膜強度>
室温の水道水で試験片を濡らした防曇塗膜面、または80℃に保った温水浴の水面から2cmの高さの所に、試験片を防曇塗膜面が下になるように設置し、温水浴からのスチームを防曇塗膜に連続照射し、照射から10秒後の防曇塗膜面をそれぞれ指で強く擦り、防曇塗膜の剥離の有無を目視によって次の4段階で評価した。なお、評価がB-以上であれば実用上問題なく、B+であれば好ましく、Aであればより好ましい。
A:スチーム照射後の防曇塗膜と室温の水で濡らした防曇塗膜に全く剥離が認められない。
B+:スチーム照射後の防曇塗膜に一部剥離が認められるが、室温の水で濡らした防曇塗膜は全く剥離が認められない。
B-:スチーム照射後の防曇塗膜全体に剥離が認められるが、室温の水で濡らした防曇塗膜は一部剥離が認められる。
C:スチーム照射後の防曇塗膜と室温の水で濡らした防曇塗膜は全体に剥離が認められる。
<(2) Coating strength>
The test piece was placed with the anti-fog coating surface facing down, either on the anti-fog coating surface wetted with tap water at room temperature, or at a height of 2 cm above the water surface of a hot water bath maintained at 80° C., and the anti-fog coating film was continuously irradiated with steam from the hot water bath. 10 seconds after irradiation, the anti-fog coating film surface was rubbed strongly with a finger, and the presence or absence of peeling of the anti-fog coating film was visually evaluated according to the following four-level scale. A rating of B- or higher is satisfactory for practical use, B+ is preferable, and A is more preferable.
A: No peeling was observed at all on the anti-fog coating film after steam irradiation and on the anti-fog coating film wetted with water at room temperature.
B+: Partial peeling was observed in the anti-fog coating film after steam irradiation, but no peeling was observed at all in the anti-fog coating film wetted with water at room temperature.
B-: Peeling was observed over the entire anti-fog coating film after steam irradiation, but partial peeling was observed in the anti-fog coating film wetted with water at room temperature.
C: Peeling was observed throughout the anti-fog coating film after steam irradiation and the anti-fog coating film wetted with water at room temperature.
<(3)密着性>
試験片の防曇塗膜を縦1cm、横1cmの領域を縦横それぞれ1mm間隔でカッターナイフを用いてカットし、100個のマス目を作った。そのマス目の表面にセロハンテープを圧着させ、急激に剥がした際の外観を目視にて観察し、次の3段階で評価した。なお、評価がB以上であれば実用上問題なく、Aであればより好ましい。
A:全く剥離が認められない。
B:カットの交差点において、わずかに剥離が認められる。
C:一部剥離している、または全て剥離している。
<(3) Adhesion>
The anti-fog coating film of the test piece was cut into an area of 1 cm length and 1 cm width at 1 mm intervals in both directions using a cutter knife to create 100 grids. Cellophane tape was pressed onto the surface of the grid, and the appearance when it was quickly peeled off was visually observed and rated on the following three levels. A rating of B or higher is practically acceptable, and A is more preferable.
A: No peeling was observed at all.
B: Slight peeling is observed at the intersections of the cuts.
C: Partially peeled off or completely peeled off.
<(4)耐水性>
試験片を40℃に保ったイオン交換水中に240時間浸漬した後、室温にて24時間静置した後の、防曇塗膜外観を目視によって次の4段階で評価した。なお、評価がB-以上であれば実用上問題なく、B+であれば好ましく、Aであればより好ましい。
A:試験前と外観に変化がない。
B+:わずかに防曇塗膜表面が荒れている。
B-:防曇塗膜表面が荒れているか、またはわずか白化やシミが認められる。
C:防曇塗膜の一部または全部が溶解している、またははっきりと白化やシミが認められる。
<(4) Water resistance>
The test piece was immersed in ion-exchanged water maintained at 40° C. for 240 hours, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, after which the appearance of the anti-fog coating film was visually evaluated according to the following four-point scale: A rating of B- or higher indicates no practical problem, B+ is preferable, and A is more preferable.
A: No change in appearance from before the test.
B+: The surface of the anti-fog coating film is slightly rough.
B-: The surface of the anti-fog coating film is rough or slightly whitened or stained.
C: The anti-fog coating film is partially or completely dissolved, or clear whitening or stains are observed.
<(5)水垂れ跡の評価>
<(5-1)初期の水垂れ跡(濃さ)>
80℃に保った温水浴の水面から2cmの高さの所に、試験片を防曇塗膜面が下になるように設置し、温水浴からのスチームを防曇塗膜に連続10秒間照射した後、試験片を垂直に立てた状態で室温にて1時間乾燥させた。乾燥後に水垂れ跡の有無を目視によって次の4段階で評価した。なお、評価がB-以上であれば実用上問題なく、B+であれば好ましく、Aであればより好ましい。
A:初期の水垂れ跡の濃さが目立たない。
B+:初期の水垂れ跡の濃さがほとんど目立たない。
B-:初期の水垂れ跡の濃さがやや目立つ。
C:初期の水垂れ跡の濃さが目立つ。
<(5-2)初期の水垂れ跡(白化)>
80℃に保った温水浴の水面から2cmの高さの所に、試験片を防曇塗膜面が下になるように設置し、温水浴からのスチームを防曇塗膜に連続10秒間照射した後、試験片を垂直に立てた状態で室温にて1時間乾燥させた。乾燥後に水垂れ跡の白化の有無を目視によって次の4段階で評価した。なお、評価がB-以上であれば実用上問題なく、B+であれば好ましく、Aであればより好ましい。
A:初期の水垂れ跡の白化が目立たない。
B+:初期の水垂れ跡の白化がほとんど目立たない。
B-:初期の水垂れ跡の白化がやや目立つ。
C:初期の水垂れ跡の白化が目立つ。
<(5-3)経時変化後の水垂れ跡(白化)>
80℃に保った温水浴の水面から2cmの高さの所に、試験片を防曇塗膜面が下になるように設置し、温水浴からのスチームを防曇塗膜に連続10秒間照射した後、試験片を垂直に立てた状態で室温にて1時間乾燥させた。乾燥後に試験片を80℃の条件で240時間静置した後、室温にて24時間静置した。その後、水垂れ跡の白化の有無を目視によって次の4段階で評価した。なお、評価がB-以上であれば実用上問題なく、B+であれば好ましく、Aであればより好ましい。
A:経時変化後の水垂れ跡の白化が目立たない。
B+:経時変化後の水垂れ跡の白化がほとんど目立たない。
B-:経時変化後の水垂れ跡の白化がやや目立つ。
C:経時変化後の水垂れ跡の白化が目立つ。
<(5) Evaluation of water drip marks>
<(5-1) Initial water drip marks (darkness)>
The test piece was placed with the anti-fog coating film side facing down at a height of 2 cm above the water surface of a hot water bath maintained at 80°C, and the anti-fog coating film was continuously irradiated with steam from the hot water bath for 10 seconds, and then the test piece was dried at room temperature for 1 hour while standing vertically. After drying, the presence or absence of water dripping marks was visually evaluated according to the following four stages. Note that if the evaluation was B- or higher, there is no practical problem, if it was B+, it is preferable, and if it was A, it is more preferable.
A: The initial water drip marks are not noticeable.
B+: The initial water drip marks are barely noticeable.
B-: The initial water drip marks are somewhat noticeable.
C: Initial water drip marks are noticeable.
<(5-2) Initial water drip marks (whitening)>
The test piece was placed with the anti-fog coating surface facing down at a height of 2 cm above the water surface of a hot water bath maintained at 80°C, and the anti-fog coating was continuously irradiated with steam from the hot water bath for 10 seconds, after which the test piece was vertically stood and dried at room temperature for 1 hour. After drying, the presence or absence of whitening of the drip marks was visually evaluated according to the following four stages. Note that if the evaluation was B- or higher, there is no practical problem, if it was B+, it is preferable, and if it was A, it is more preferable.
A: Initial whitening of drip marks is not noticeable.
B+: Initial whitening of drip marks is barely noticeable.
B-: Initial whitening of drip marks is somewhat noticeable.
C: Early water drip marks are noticeably whitened.
<(5-3) Water drip marks (whitening) after aging>
The test piece was placed with the anti-fog coating film side facing down at a height of 2 cm from the water surface of a hot water bath kept at 80°C, and the anti-fog coating film was continuously irradiated with steam from the hot water bath for 10 seconds, and then the test piece was dried at room temperature for 1 hour in a vertically standing state. After drying, the test piece was left to stand at 80°C for 240 hours, and then left to stand at room temperature for 24 hours. Thereafter, the presence or absence of whitening of the water drip marks was visually evaluated according to the following four stages. Note that if the evaluation is B- or higher, there is no practical problem, if it is B+, it is preferable, and if it is A, it is more preferable.
A: Whitening of dripping water marks after aging is not noticeable.
B+: Whitening of dripping water marks after aging is barely noticeable.
B-: Whitening of dripping water marks after aging is somewhat noticeable.
C: Whitening of dripping water marks after aging is noticeable.
<防曇剤組成物の製造および防曇性物品の作製>
実施例1の原料を、表1に記載の原料およびその割合に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様な操作にて、実施例2~14の防曇剤組成物を製造した。さらに、実施例1と同様な操作にて、実施例2~14の防曇塗膜を有する防曇性物品(試験片)を作製した。
<Production of antifogging agent composition and preparation of antifogging article>
Antifogging agent compositions of Examples 2 to 14 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the raw materials of Example 1 were changed to the raw materials and their ratios shown in Table 1. Furthermore, antifogging articles (test pieces) having the antifogging coating films of Examples 2 to 14 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
上記で得られた試験片を用いて、上記の(1-1)~(1-2)、(2)~(4)、(5-1)~(5-3)の評価方法で得られた結果を表1に示す。 Using the test pieces obtained above, the results obtained using the evaluation methods (1-1) to (1-2), (2) to (4), and (5-1) to (5-3) above are shown in Table 1.
<防曇剤組成物の製造および防曇性物品の作製>
実施例1の原料を、表2に記載の原料およびその割合に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様な操作にて、比較例1~5の防曇剤組成物を製造した。さらに、実施例1と同様な操作にて、比較例1~5の防曇塗膜を有する防曇性物品(試験片)を作製した。
<Production of antifogging agent composition and preparation of antifogging article>
Antifogging agent compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the raw materials of Example 1 were changed to the raw materials and their ratios shown in Table 2. Furthermore, antifogging articles (test pieces) having the antifogging coating films of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
上記の比較例で得られた試験片を用いて、上記の(1-1)~(1-2)、(2)~(4)、(5-1)~(5-3)の評価方法で得られた結果を表2に示す。 The results obtained using the test pieces obtained in the above Comparative Examples and the evaluation methods (1-1) to (1-2), (2) to (4), and (5-1) to (5-3) are shown in Table 2.
表1~2中、単量体(A-1)~(A-5)として、
MMAは、メチルメタクリレート;
PMAは、n-プロピルメタクリレート;
BMAは、n-ブチルメタクリレート;
EAは、エチルアクリレート;
PAは、n-プロピルクリレート;
BAは、n-ブチルアクリレート;
NOAは、n-オクチルアクリレート;
EHAは、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート;
INAは、イソノニルアクリレート;
IDAは、イソデシルアクリレート;
LAは、ラウリルアクリレート;
TDAは、テトラデシルアクリレート;
HDAは、ヘキサデシルアクリレート;
N-MAAは、N-メチロールアクリルアミド;
DMAAは、N,N-ジメチルアクリルアミド;を示す。
In Tables 1 and 2, monomers (A-1) to (A-5) are
MMA is methyl methacrylate;
PMA is n-propyl methacrylate;
BMA is n-butyl methacrylate;
EA is ethyl acrylate;
PA is n-propyl acrylate;
BA is n-butyl acrylate;
NOA is n-octyl acrylate;
EHA is 2-ethylhexyl acrylate;
INA is isononyl acrylate;
IDA is isodecyl acrylate;
LA is lauryl acrylate;
TDA is tetradecyl acrylate;
HDA is hexadecyl acrylate;
N-MAA is N-methylolacrylamide;
DMAA stands for N,N-dimethylacrylamide;
表1~2中、酸触媒(B)として、
DBSは、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸;
DNNSAは、ジノニルナフタレンスルホン酸;
DNNDSAは、ジノニルナフタレンジスルホン酸;を示す。
In Tables 1 and 2, the acid catalyst (B) is
DBS is dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid;
DNNSA is dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid;
DNNDSA stands for dinonylnaphthalenedisulfonic acid;
表1~2中、界面活性剤(C)として、
ラピゾールA80は、ジ(2-エチルヘキシル)スルホコハク酸ナトリウム(日油株式会社製);
フタージェント100は、含フッ素アニオン系界面活性剤(株式会社ネオス社製);
ニッサンカチオン2-DB-800Eは、ジデシルジメチルアンモニウムクロライド(日油株式会社製);
フタージェント300は、含フッ素カチオン系界面活性剤(株式会社ネオス社製);
DTABは、ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド;
ノニオンID-209は、ポリオキシエチレンイソデシルエーテル(日油株式会社製);
ノニオンL-4は、ポリオキシエチレンモノラウレート(日油株式会社製);
ノニオンEH-208は、ポリオキシエチレン-2-エチルヘキシルエーテル(日油株式会社製);を示す。
In Tables 1 and 2, the surfactant (C) is
Rapisol A80 is sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (manufactured by NOF Corporation);
Futergent 100 is a fluorine-containing anionic surfactant (manufactured by Neos Co., Ltd.);
NissanCation 2-DB-800E is didecyldimethylammonium chloride (manufactured by NOF Corporation);
Futergent 300 is a fluorine-containing cationic surfactant (manufactured by Neos Corporation);
DTAB is dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide;
Nonion ID-209 is polyoxyethylene isodecyl ether (manufactured by NOF Corporation);
Nonion L-4 is polyoxyethylene monolaurate (manufactured by NOF Corporation);
Nonion EH-208 indicates polyoxyethylene-2-ethylhexyl ether (manufactured by NOF Corporation);
以下、上記の実施例および比較例の結果の主な考察を示す。 The main considerations for the results of the above examples and comparative examples are given below.
実施例1~2、7の結果から、単量体(A-1)の中でも、吸水時の塗膜強度を向上させる観点から、炭素数1~3であるアルキル鎖を有するものが好ましいことがわかった。実施例12~14の結果から、単量体(A-2)の中でも、経時的な水垂れ跡の白化抑制の効果を発揮する観点から、炭素数3~4であるアルキル鎖を有するものが好ましいことがわかった。実施例1、8~9、13~14の結果から、単量体(A-3)の中でも、防曇性能、および経時的な水垂れ跡の白化抑制の効果を発揮する観点から、炭素数8~12であるアルキル鎖を有するものが好ましく、炭素数8~10であるアルキル鎖を有するものがより好ましいことがわかった。実施例1、6、11の結果から、界面活性剤(C-2)の中でも、耐湿性試験後の防曇性能を向上させる観点から、2-DB-800Eが好ましいことがわかった。実施例1~14の結果から、界面活性剤(C-3)の中でも、初期の水垂れ跡の白化を抑制できる観点から、ポリオキシエチレン高級アルコールエーテル類が好ましいことがわかった。 From the results of Examples 1 to 2 and 7, it was found that, among the monomers (A-1), those having an alkyl chain with 1 to 3 carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint of improving the coating strength when absorbing water. From the results of Examples 12 to 14, it was found that, among the monomers (A-2), those having an alkyl chain with 3 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint of exerting the effect of suppressing the whitening of water drip marks over time. From the results of Examples 1, 8 to 9 and 13 to 14, it was found that, among the monomers (A-3), those having an alkyl chain with 8 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint of exerting the effect of suppressing the whitening of water drip marks over time, and those having an alkyl chain with 8 to 10 carbon atoms are more preferred from the viewpoint of exerting the effect of anti-fogging performance and suppressing the whitening of water drip marks over time. From the results of Examples 1, 6 and 11, it was found that, among the surfactants (C-2), 2-DB-800E is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the anti-fogging performance after the moisture resistance test. From the results of Examples 1 to 14, it was found that, among the surfactants (C-3), polyoxyethylene higher alcohol ethers are preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the initial whitening of water drip marks.
実施例1、4~6、10~11の結果から、各性能をバランス良く発現するための単量体(A-1)と単量体(A-5)の好ましい割合がわかった。実施例1~7の結果から、各性能をバランス良く発現するための単量体(A-2)と単量体(A-3)の好ましい割合が分かった。実施例1、12~14の結果から、各性能をバランス良く発現するための単量体(A-4)の好ましい割合がわかった。 The results of Examples 1, 4-6, and 10-11 revealed the preferred ratio of monomer (A-1) and monomer (A-5) for achieving a balanced expression of each performance. The results of Examples 1-7 revealed the preferred ratio of monomer (A-2) and monomer (A-3) for achieving a balanced expression of each performance. The results of Examples 1 and 12-14 revealed the preferred ratio of monomer (A-4) for achieving a balanced expression of each performance.
一方、比較例1~2は、単量体(A-2)と単量体(A-3)を特定の割合で使用していないため、実施例と比較して、経時的な水垂れ跡の白化抑制の効果が劣ることがわかった。比較例3~4は、単量体(A-2)と単量体(A-3)の割合が好ましい割合でないため、実施例と比較して、防曇性能、および経時的な水垂れ跡の白化抑制の効果が劣ることがわかった。比較例4は、単量体(A-1)の割合が好ましい割合でないため、実施例と比較して、吸水時の塗膜強度が劣ることがわかった。比較例5は、単量体(A-3)の替わりに炭素数16のアルキル鎖を有するアクリレート(ヘキサデシルアクリレート)を使用したため、実施例と比較して、防曇性能、および経時的な水垂れ跡の白化抑制の効果が劣ることがわかった。 On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the monomer (A-2) and the monomer (A-3) were not used in a specific ratio, and therefore, compared to the Examples, the effect of suppressing whitening of water drip marks over time was found to be inferior. In Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the ratio of the monomer (A-2) and the monomer (A-3) was not a preferable ratio, and therefore, compared to the Examples, the anti-fogging performance and the effect of suppressing whitening of water drip marks over time were found to be inferior. In Comparative Example 4, the ratio of the monomer (A-1) was not a preferable ratio, and therefore, compared to the Examples, the coating strength at the time of water absorption was found to be inferior. In Comparative Example 5, an acrylate having an alkyl chain with 16 carbon atoms (hexadecyl acrylate) was used instead of the monomer (A-3), and therefore, compared to the Examples, the anti-fogging performance and the effect of suppressing whitening of water drip marks over time were found to be inferior.
Claims (5)
前記共重合体(A)は、単量体混合物から得られる(メタ)アクリレート共重合体であり、
前記単量体混合物は、一般式(1):
一般式(2):
一般式(3):
一般式(4):
一般式(5):
前記酸触媒(B)は、スルホン酸系化合物であり、
前記界面活性剤(C)は、アニオン系界面活性剤(C-1)とカチオン系界面活性剤(C-2)とノニオン系界面活性剤(C-3)を含み、
前記単量体混合物中、前記単量体(A-1)の割合が25~60重量%、前記単量体(A-2)の割合が5~30重量%、前記単量体(A-3)の割合が5~30重量%、前記単量体(A-2)と(A-3)の合計量の割合が15~50重量%、前記単量体(A-4)の割合が2~15重量%、および前記単量体(A-5)の割合が20~55重量%であることを特徴とする防曇剤組成物。 An antifogging agent composition comprising a copolymer (A), an acid catalyst (B), and a surfactant (C),
The copolymer (A) is a (meth)acrylate copolymer obtained from a monomer mixture,
The monomer mixture is represented by the general formula (1):
General formula (2):
General formula (3):
General formula (4):
General formula (5):
The acid catalyst (B) is a sulfonic acid compound,
The surfactant (C) includes an anionic surfactant (C-1), a cationic surfactant (C-2), and a nonionic surfactant (C-3),
An antifogging agent composition, characterized in that, in the monomer mixture, the proportion of the monomer (A-1) is 25 to 60% by weight, the proportion of the monomer (A-2) is 5 to 30% by weight, the proportion of the monomer (A-3) is 5 to 30% by weight, the proportion of the total amount of the monomers (A-2) and (A-3) is 15 to 50% by weight, the proportion of the monomer (A-4) is 2 to 15% by weight, and the proportion of the monomer (A-5) is 20 to 55% by weight.
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JP2017165878A (en) | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | 日油株式会社 | Antifogging agent composition |
WO2020133616A1 (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-02 | 湖南松井新材料股份有限公司 | Waterborne antifogging resin and waterborne antifogging coating composition and preparation method therefor |
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JP2011140589A (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-21 | Nof Corp | Antifog coating composition |
JP2017165878A (en) | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | 日油株式会社 | Antifogging agent composition |
WO2020133616A1 (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-02 | 湖南松井新材料股份有限公司 | Waterborne antifogging resin and waterborne antifogging coating composition and preparation method therefor |
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