JP7498995B1 - Slope stabilization ground anchor method - Google Patents
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】受圧板を用いずに、法面を安定化させる工法を提供する。【解決手段】緊張・定着用アンカー３の打設位置を決定し、平板ブロック体３０によって法面１を安定化させるのに必要な強度を維持し得る鉄筋量を計算し、その決定に合致するように複数の鉄筋を準備し、複数本の鉄筋枠固定用アンカー５を法面に打設し、準備した複数の鉄筋を互いに連結固定して補強鉄筋枠１０を組立て、この補強鉄筋枠を鉄筋枠固定用アンカーに連結固定し、保孔管を補強鉄筋枠の所定位置に連結固定し、補強鉄筋枠を充填しかつ取り囲むようにモルタルを吹き付け、法面上に平板ブロック体を作製し、ボーリングを行いアンカー用孔を形成し、アンカー用孔内に緊張・定着用アンカーを挿入し、グラウト材を注入してアンカーを固定し、アンカーを引張り、所要の残存引張力が得られるように初期緊張力を導入し、緊張力を維持した状態でアンカーの位置を固定することを特徴とする。【選択図】図５[Problem] To provide a method for stabilizing a slope without using a pressure plate. [Solution] The method is characterized by determining the installation position of the tensioning/fixing anchor 3, calculating the amount of reinforcing bars that can maintain the strength required to stabilize the slope 1 with a flat block body 30, preparing multiple reinforcing bars that match the determination, installing multiple reinforcing bar frame fixing anchors 5 on the slope, assembling the reinforcing bar frame 10 by connecting and fixing the multiple prepared reinforcing bars to each other, connecting and fixing the reinforcing bar frame to the reinforcing bar frame fixing anchors, connecting and fixing a hole retaining pipe to a predetermined position of the reinforcing bar frame, spraying mortar so as to fill and surround the reinforcing bar frame, preparing a flat block body on the slope, boring to form anchor holes, inserting tensioning/fixing anchors into the anchor holes, injecting grout material to fix the anchors, tensioning the anchors, introducing initial tension so as to obtain the required remaining tension, and fixing the anchors in a state where the tension is maintained. [Selected Figure] Figure 5
Description
山肌、河川の土手等の傾斜面（切土法面を含む）を安定化させるための工法に関する。 This relates to a construction method for stabilizing slopes (including cut slopes) on mountain surfaces, river banks, etc.
山肌や河川の土手等の傾斜面（法面）を補強、安定化する工法として、削孔したアンカー孔に挿入した引張材（アンカー又はボルト）をグラウティングし、この引張材で受圧板を法面に対して圧接させるグラウンドアンカー工または鉄筋挿入工が知られている。 Ground anchor work or rebar insertion work is known as a method for reinforcing and stabilizing slopes (slope surfaces) on mountain surfaces, river banks, etc., in which a tension member (anchor or bolt) is inserted into a drilled anchor hole and grouted, and the tension member is used to press a pressure plate against the slope.
例えば特許第５９０７４４３号公報（特許文献１）は、受圧板施工用不陸調整枠体を用いて受圧板を設置する工法を開示している。この特許文献1に開示された工法は、概ね以下の工程からなる。 For example, Japanese Patent No. 5907443 (Patent Document 1) discloses a method for installing a pressure plate using a leveling adjustment frame for pressure plate construction. The method disclosed in Patent Document 1 generally consists of the following steps:
ａ）施工現場から離れた工場で受圧板施工用不陸調整枠体を組み立てる。不陸調整枠体の1基当たりの重量は比較的軽量であり、吊り下げ用の特別なクレーン装置等を必要とせずに、人力での設置が可能である。 a) The unevenness adjustment frame for pressure plate installation is assembled in a factory away from the construction site. The weight of each unevenness adjustment frame is relatively light, and they can be installed manually without the need for special cranes or other equipment for hanging.
ｂ）組立てた受圧板施工用不陸調整枠体を施工現場にまで運ぶ。 b) Transport the assembled unevenness adjustment frame for pressure plate installation to the construction site.
ｃ）施工現場の法面に複数の補助アンカー孔を削孔し、これらの補助アンカー孔に補助アンカーを挿入し固定する。 c) Drill multiple auxiliary anchor holes into the slope at the construction site, and insert and secure the auxiliary anchors into these auxiliary anchor holes.
ｄ）固定した補助アンカーと受圧板施工用不陸調整枠体とを結束部材等で連結する。 d) Connect the fixed auxiliary anchor to the unevenness adjustment frame for pressure plate construction with a binding member or the like.
ｅ）受圧板施工用不陸調整枠体内のアンカー削孔位置に挿抜管を設置する。 e) Install the insertion and removal tube at the anchor drilling position inside the unevenness adjustment frame for pressure plate construction.
ｆ）圧送ポンプを用いて不陸調整枠体内部にモルタルまたはコンクリートを打設し、表面をコテで仕上げることで不陸調整用吹き付け台座を形成する。 f) Use a pressure pump to pour mortar or concrete into the unevenness adjustment frame, and finish the surface with a trowel to form a spray base for unevenness adjustment.
ｇ）挿抜管を通して専用機械によって所定の深度まで削孔し、ＰＣ鋼線等のアンカー材を挿入する。 g) A hole is drilled to the specified depth using a special machine through the insertion tube, and anchor material such as PC steel wire is inserted.
ｈ）数日間のセメント硬化の養生期間を経た後、施工現場に運ばれた二次製品受圧板（鋼製またはプレキャスト製等）をクレーン等で吊上げて不陸調整用吹き付け台座の上面に設置し、専用ジャッキでアンカー材を緊張して定着させることで、アンカー荷重に応じた受圧板を不陸調整用吹き付け台座上に固定する。これにより、受圧板設置までの全ての施工が完了する。 h) After a curing period of several days for the cement to harden, the secondary product pressure plate (steel or precast, etc.) is transported to the construction site and hoisted with a crane or similar device and placed on top of the unevenness adjustment spray base. A special jack is then used to tension and fix the anchor material, thereby fixing the pressure plate on the unevenness adjustment spray base in accordance with the anchor load. This completes all construction work up to the installation of the pressure plate.
特許文献１に開示されたようなグラウンドアンカー工または鉄筋挿入工では、法面上に不陸調整用枠体を設置し、モルタルまたはコンクリートを打設して不陸調整用吹き付け台座を形成し、その後、数日間の養生期間を経て二次製品受圧板（以下、受圧板と称す）をクレーン等で吊上げて不陸調整吹き付け台座上の所定位置に設置して固定している。 In ground anchor construction or rebar insertion construction as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a ground adjustment frame is installed on the slope, and mortar or concrete is poured to form a ground adjustment spray base. After a curing period of several days, the secondary product pressure plate (hereinafter referred to as the pressure plate) is hoisted by a crane or the like and installed and fixed in a designated position on the ground adjustment spray base.
受圧板は、工場製作品であり、アンカー荷重に応じた耐力を必要とし、製作工程は工場生産能力に左右される。また、数１００ｋｇの重量であり、このような重い受圧板をクレーン等で吊上げて、傾斜した法面上の不陸調整用吹き付け台座上の所定の位置に設置する作業は人力では不可能であり、製品価格共々高値となる。 Pressure plates are factory-made and require a strength according to the anchor load, so the manufacturing process depends on the factory's production capacity. In addition, they weigh several hundred kilograms, and it is impossible to manually lift such a heavy pressure plate with a crane or the like and set it in the designated position on a spray base for adjusting unevenness on a sloping slope, which makes it expensive, along with the product price.
また、受圧板を設置する前に、必ず不陸調整用吹き付け台座の養生期間として数日間を必要とするので、全体の工期も比較的長くなる。 In addition, before the pressure plate can be installed, several days must be allowed for the spray base to cure, which means the overall construction period is relatively long.
特許文献１に開示された不陸調整枠体は、不陸調整用吹き付け台座を形成するためのモルタルまたはコンクリートを強固に固定保持するためのものであり、枠体自身が法面の構造を強化するように作用していない。法面の構造を強化しているのは、アンカー材を緊張状態で定着しつつ不陸調整用吹き付け台座の上面上に圧接している二次製品受圧板である。 The unevenness adjustment frame disclosed in Patent Document 1 is for firmly fixing and holding the mortar or concrete for forming the unevenness adjustment spray base, and the frame itself does not act to strengthen the structure of the slope. What strengthens the structure of the slope is the secondary product pressure plate that presses against the upper surface of the unevenness adjustment spray base while fixing the anchor material under tension.
本発明の目的は、二次製品受圧板を用いずに、法面を安定化させる工法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for stabilizing a slope without using a secondary product pressure plate.
本発明に係る法面安定化工法は、山肌、河川の土手等の傾斜面を安定化させるための工法であって、下記の工程を備える。 The slope stabilization method of the present invention is a method for stabilizing inclined surfaces such as mountain surfaces and river banks, and includes the following steps:
ａ）法面上の、緊張・定着用アンカーの打設位置を決定する工程。 a) The process of determining the installation positions of tensioning and fixing anchors on the slope.
ｂ）補強鉄筋枠と、この補強鉄筋枠を充填しかつ周囲を取り囲むモルタルとの平板状鉄筋構造体の板厚および接地面積から、法面を安定化させるのに必要な強度を維持し得る鉄筋量を計算する工程。 b) A process of calculating the amount of rebar required to maintain the strength necessary to stabilize the slope from the plate thickness and contact area of the flat steel structure consisting of the reinforcing steel frame and the mortar that fills and surrounds the reinforcing steel frame.
ｃ）強度計算に基づいて算出された必要な鉄筋量（上記のｂ）で計算した必要な強度を維持し得る鉄筋量）を上回る量となるように、使用する鉄筋の直径、長さ及び本数を決定し、その決定に合致するように複数の鉄筋を準備する工程。 c) A process of determining the diameter, length and number of rebars to be used so that the amount exceeds the amount of rebar required calculated based on the strength calculation (the amount of rebar that can maintain the required strength calculated in b) above) , and preparing multiple rebars to match the determined amount.
ｄ）緊張・定着用アンカーの打設位置を取り囲む位置に補強鉄筋枠を組み立てるために、先行して複数本の鉄筋枠固定用アンカーを所定の位置関係で法面に打設する工程。 d) A process in which multiple anchors for fixing the reinforcing bar frame are first cast into the slope in a predetermined positional relationship in order to assemble the reinforcing bar frame in a position surrounding the casting position of the tensioning and fixing anchors.
ｅ）準備した複数の鉄筋を所定の位置関係及び配置間隔で互いに連結固定して補強鉄筋枠を組立て、この補強鉄筋枠を鉄筋枠固定用アンカーに連結固定する工程。 e) A process of assembling a reinforcing bar frame by connecting and fixing the prepared reinforcing bars to each other in a specified positional relationship and at a specified interval, and connecting and fixing this reinforcing bar frame to anchors for fixing the reinforcing bar frame.
ｆ）緊張・定着用アンカー用に削孔する孔径に合わせて適切な保孔管を選定し、この保孔管を補強鉄筋枠の所定位置に連結固定する工程。 f) The process of selecting an appropriate retaining pipe to match the diameter of the hole to be drilled for the tensioning and fixing anchor, and connecting and fixing this retaining pipe to the designated position of the reinforcing steel frame.
ｇ）補強鉄筋枠を充填しかつ取り囲むようにモルタルを吹き付け、法面上に平板状鉄筋構造体（平板ブロック体）を作製する工程。 g) The process of spraying mortar to fill and surround the reinforcing steel frame, creating a flat steel structure (flat block body) on the slope.
ｈ）保孔管を通してボーリングを行い、緊張・定着用アンカーを受け入れるためのアンカー用孔を形成する工程。 h) The process of boring through the retaining pipe to form anchor holes to receive tensioning and anchoring anchors.
ｉ）アンカー用孔内に緊張・定着用アンカーを挿入し、グラウト材を注入して緊張・定着用アンカーを固定する工程。 i) The process of inserting the tensioning/fixing anchor into the anchor hole and injecting grout material to fix the tensioning/fixing anchor.
ｊ）緊張ジャッキを用いて緊張・定着用アンカーを引張り、所要の残存引張力が得られるように初期緊張力を導入し、緊張力を維持した状態で緊張・定着用アンカーの位置を固定し、不陸調整一体型独立受圧板とする工程。 j) A process of pulling the tensioning/fixing anchor using a tensioning jack, introducing initial tension so as to obtain the required residual tension, and fixing the position of the tensioning/fixing anchor while maintaining the tension , thereby forming an independent pressure plate with an integrated level adjustment function.
なお、本発明の実施形態に係る説明では、モルタルまたはコンクリートを表現する用語として、統一して「モルタル」の用語を使用する。したがって、「モルタル」と表現されていても、モルタルに代えてコンクリートを使用することも含む。また、定着用アンカーについては、鉄筋アンカーも含む。 In the explanation of the embodiment of the present invention, the term "mortar" is used consistently to express mortar or concrete. Therefore, even if "mortar" is used, it also includes the use of concrete instead of mortar. In addition, the anchoring anchor also includes reinforcing bar anchors.
本発明の好ましい実施形態では、補強鉄筋枠を鉄筋枠固定用アンカーに固定連結する工程の後で、かつ、モルタルを吹き付け、法面上に平板状鉄筋構造体（平板ブロック体）を作製する工程の前に、補強鉄筋枠の周囲を取り囲む枠用型枠（梁高１５ｃｍ以下では不要とすることあり得る）を設置する工程を備える。 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the process of fixing and connecting the reinforcing steel frame to the anchors for fixing the reinforcing steel frame, and before the process of spraying mortar and creating a flat steel structure (flat block body) on the slope, a process of installing a frame formwork (which may not be necessary for beam heights of 15 cm or less) surrounding the reinforcing steel frame is included.
好ましくは、緊張・定着用アンカーをアンカー用孔に固定する工程の後で、かつ、緊張・定着用アンカーを引張る前に、露出している緊張・定着用アンカーを支持する頭部プレートを設置する工程を備える。また、緊張・定着用アンカーの位置を固定する工程は、緊張・定着用アンカーの緊張力を維持した状態でくさびを打ち込み、緊張・定着用アンカーの頭部と、頭部プレートとを強固に固定することを含む。 Preferably, the method includes a step of installing a head plate that supports the exposed tensioning/fixing anchor after the step of fixing the tensioning/fixing anchor in the anchor hole and before pulling the tensioning/fixing anchor. The step of fixing the position of the tensioning/fixing anchor also includes driving a wedge while maintaining the tension of the tensioning/fixing anchor, and firmly fixing the head of the tensioning/fixing anchor to the head plate.
さらに好ましくは、緊張・定着用アンカーの頭部と頭部プレートとを強固に固定した後に、頭部プレートから突出するアンカー材の部分を切断し、その後に緊張・定着用アンカーの切断頭部を覆うように頭部保護キャップを頭部プレートに取り付ける工程を備える。 More preferably, the method includes a step of firmly fixing the head of the tensioning/fixing anchor to the head plate, cutting the portion of the anchor material protruding from the head plate, and then attaching a head protection cap to the head plate so as to cover the cut head of the tensioning/fixing anchor.
好ましい実施形態では、補強鉄筋枠（下部鉄筋枠単独設置もあり得る）は、相対的に低い高さ位置で縦横に交差する複数の縦鉄筋及び複数の横鉄筋を含む下部鉄筋枠と、下部鉄筋枠の上方位置で縦横に交差する複数の縦鉄筋及び複数の横鉄筋を含む上部鉄筋枠と、下部鉄筋枠および上部鉄筋枠を連結する結合部材とを備える。これらを総称した完成構造物として、以下「平板ブロック体」と称す。 In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing steel frame (the lower steel frame may be installed separately) comprises a lower steel frame including multiple vertical steel bars and multiple horizontal steel bars that cross each other vertically and horizontally at a relatively low height, an upper steel frame including multiple vertical steel bars and multiple horizontal steel bars that cross each other vertically and horizontally above the lower steel frame, and connecting members that connect the lower steel frame and the upper steel frame. The completed structure, collectively referred to as the "flat block body", will be referred to below.
本発明に係る法面安定化工法によれば、補強鉄筋枠と、補強鉄筋枠を充填し、かつそれを取り囲むモルタルとからなる平板ブロック体は、強度を維持するのに必要な鉄筋量、板厚、接地面積を確保するように設けられているので、幅広いアンカー荷重に対応できる。また、二次製品受圧板を使用せずに、不陸調整部および本体部をモルタルで連続的に吹付けることによって、法面を安定化する構造を実現できる平板ブロック体を形成することで、作業効率が大幅に上昇する。また、クレーン等を必要としないことから、多様な現場条件に対応し、安価とすることができる。 According to the slope stabilization method of the present invention, the flat plate block body consisting of a reinforcing steel frame and mortar that fills and surrounds the reinforcing steel frame is provided to ensure the amount of reinforcing steel, plate thickness, and ground contact area required to maintain strength, so it can withstand a wide range of anchor loads. In addition, by continuously spraying mortar on the unevenness adjustment part and main body without using a secondary product pressure plate, a flat plate block body that can realize a structure that stabilizes the slope is formed, which significantly increases work efficiency. In addition, since no crane or the like is required, it can be used in a variety of on-site conditions and is inexpensive.
本発明に係る法面安定化工法は、二次製品受圧板を使用せずに、法面を安定化させる構造を得るための工法である。本発明に係る工法の一実施形態を、図面を参照しつつ以下に説明する。 The slope stabilization method according to the present invention is a method for obtaining a structure for stabilizing a slope without using a secondary product pressure plate. One embodiment of the method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
［１．緊張・定着用アンカーの打設位置の決定］
まず、図1を参照する。法面を適宜整形し、ラス張り工等を施した後に、緊張・定着用アンカーの打設位置の検測を実施し、打設位置を決定する。その際、アンカー３の天端部分に取り付けられる頭部プレート４の位置から法面１の表面までの高さ寸法（不陸調整領域と平板ブロック領域との合計高さ）を記録に残しておく。
[1. Determining the placement location of tension and anchoring anchors]
First, refer to Figure 1. After the slope is properly shaped and lath laying work is performed, the installation positions of the tensioning and fixing anchors are inspected and determined. At that time, the height dimension from the position of the head plate 4 attached to the top part of the anchor 3 to the surface of the slope 1 (the total height of the unevenness adjustment area and the flat block area) is recorded.
図１では、後に配置される保孔管２、保孔管２を通して法面１内に打設される緊張・定着用アンカー３および緊張・定着用アンカーの頭部に装着される頭部プレート４を想像線で示している。 In Figure 1, the hole retaining pipe 2 that will be placed later, the tensioning and fixing anchor 3 that will be driven into the slope 1 through the hole retaining pipe 2, and the head plate 4 that will be attached to the head of the tensioning and fixing anchor are shown in phantom lines.
［２．必要な鉄筋量の計算］
後に平板ブロック領域に組立てられる補強鉄筋枠と、この補強鉄筋枠を充填しかつ周囲を取り囲むモルタルとからなる平板状鉄筋構造体（平板ブロック体）によって法面を安定化させるのに必要な強度を維持し得る鉄筋量を計算する。ここで必要な強度を維持し得る鉄筋量は、地盤支持力および設計アンカー力を考慮し算出された平板ブロック体構造により明白となる。この鉄筋量の計算に関しては、後に再度記載する。
[2. Calculation of the amount of rebar required]
The amount of reinforcing steel required to stabilize the slope is calculated using a flat-plate reinforced steel structure (flat-plate block body) consisting of a reinforcing steel frame that will be assembled later in the flat-plate block area and mortar that fills and surrounds this reinforcing steel frame. The amount of reinforcing steel required to maintain the necessary strength is clear from the flat-plate block body structure calculated taking into account the bearing capacity of the ground and the design anchor strength. The calculation of the amount of reinforcing steel will be described again later.
［３．使用する鉄筋径および本数の決定］
上記の計算に基づいて算出された必要な鉄筋量を上回るように、使用する鉄筋の長さ（規格）、直径、形状および本数を決定し、その決定に合致するように複数の鉄筋を準備する。
[3. Determination of the diameter and number of rebars to be used]
The length (standard) , diameter, shape and number of rebar to be used are determined so that the required amount of rebar exceeds the amount calculated based on the above calculation , and multiple rebars are prepared to match the determined amount.
［４．補強鉄筋枠固定用アンカーの先行打設］
図２に示すように、緊張・定着用アンカー３の打設位置を取り囲む位置（平板ブロック領域）に補強鉄筋枠１０を組み立てるために、先行して複数本の鉄筋枠固定用アンカー５を所定の位置関係で法面１に打設する。
[4. Preliminary installation of anchors for fixing reinforcing steel frame]
As shown in Figure 2, in order to assemble the reinforcing steel frame 10 in a position (flat block area) surrounding the installation position of the tensioning/fixing anchor 3, multiple anchors 5 for fixing the reinforcing steel frame are first installed in the slope 1 in a predetermined positional relationship.
［５．補強鉄筋枠の組立て］
法面１の凹み部（不陸調整領域）には、その凹み部をモルタル（又はコンクリート）で埋める不陸調整部２０を設ける必要がある。用意した複数の鉄筋で補強鉄筋枠１０を組立てるに際し、図示するように不陸調整部２０を考慮して、補強鉄筋枠１０の高さを決定する。図２に示すように、用意した複数の鉄筋を所定の位置及び配置間隔で互いに固定連結して鉄筋枠１０を組立て、この鉄筋枠１０を鉄筋枠固定用アンカー５に結束部材等を用いて連結固定する。
[5. Assembly of reinforcing steel frame]
In the depression (unevenness adjustment area) of the slope 1, it is necessary to provide an unevenness adjustment portion 20 that fills the depression with mortar (or concrete). When assembling the reinforcing bar frame 10 with the prepared reinforcing bars, the height of the reinforcing bar frame 10 is determined in consideration of the unevenness adjustment portion 20 as shown in the figure. As shown in Fig. 2, the prepared reinforcing bars are fixed and connected to each other at predetermined positions and intervals to assemble the reinforcing bar frame 10, and the reinforcing bar frame 10 is connected and fixed to the reinforcing bar frame fixing anchors 5 using a binding member or the like.
補強鉄筋枠１０は、上部枠１１と下部枠１２とを備えるが、その具体的な構造については、後に記載する。 The reinforcing steel frame 10 comprises an upper frame 11 and a lower frame 12, the specific structure of which will be described later.
［６．保孔管の設置］
図３に示すように、緊張・定着用アンカー３の挿入固定のために削孔する孔径に合わせて適切な保孔管２を選定し、この保孔管２を補強鉄筋枠１０の所定位置に設置する。保孔管２は、後に挿入されるアンカー材３の保護管としての役割を果たす。保孔管２を設置する際、緊張時の方向取りに注意し、アンカー材３の頭部の垂れを修正した位置に補強鉄筋１６を配置固定し、保孔管６を補強鉄筋枠１０に固定する。図１１に、保孔管２を補強鉄筋１６を用いて補強鉄筋枠１０に固定している状態を示している。
[6. Installation of the retention pipe]
As shown in Figure 3, an appropriate retaining pipe 2 is selected according to the diameter of the hole to be drilled for inserting and fixing the tensioning/fixing anchor 3, and this retaining pipe 2 is installed at a predetermined position in the reinforcing steel frame 10. The retaining pipe 2 serves as a protective pipe for the anchor material 3 to be inserted later. When installing the retaining pipe 2, attention must be paid to the direction during tensioning, and the reinforcing steel bar 16 is placed and fixed in a position where the droop of the head of the anchor material 3 is corrected, and the retaining pipe 6 is fixed to the reinforcing steel frame 10. Figure 11 shows the state in which the retaining pipe 2 is fixed to the reinforcing steel frame 10 using the reinforcing steel bar 16.
［７．枠用型枠（金網製）の設置］
図４に示すように、鉄筋枠固定用アンカー５に取付けた補強鉄筋枠１０の周囲を取り囲み、所定のかぶりを確保して型枠１７を設置する。法面の凹部に設ける不陸調整部２０の高さが大きくなる面に固定用アンカー１３を増打ちし、新たに補強鉄筋１４を加えて専用の補修金網１５を設置して結束固定する。
[7. Installation of frame formwork (wire mesh)]
As shown in Figure 4, the reinforcing steel frame 10 attached to the reinforcing steel frame fixing anchors 5 is surrounded, a predetermined cover is secured, and a formwork 17 is installed. Additional fixing anchors 13 are driven into the surface where the height of the unevenness adjustment part 20 to be provided in the recess of the slope increases, new reinforcing steel bars 14 are added, and a dedicated repair wire mesh 15 is installed to tie and fix them.
［８．枠吹付工］
枠吹付工に用いるモルタルは、強度試験等によって強度の要求性能を満たすように準備する。図５に示すように、準備したモルタルを型枠１７内に密実に充填するように吹き付ける。吹付け時は、型枠１７が変形しないように不陸調整領域および平板ブロック領域を下方から充填し、所定の高さになるまで連続して吹き上げてゆく。
[8. Frame spraying work]
The mortar used in the frame spraying work is prepared so as to satisfy the required strength performance through strength tests, etc. As shown in Figure 5, the prepared mortar is sprayed so as to densely fill the formwork 17. When spraying, the unevenness adjustment area and the flat block area are filled from below so as not to deform the formwork 17, and the mortar is continuously sprayed up until it reaches a predetermined height.
不陸調整部２０の高さが大きい場合には、吹付けを段階的に施工するように切り替える。具体的には、一次吹付けとして不陸調整部２０だけにモルタルを充填し、下地処理を実施する。吹付け面の仕上げは、コテ作業を基本とする。 If the height of the unevenness adjustment section 20 is large, the spraying will be carried out in stages. Specifically, the first spraying will be to fill only the unevenness adjustment section 20 with mortar and then to carry out base preparation. The sprayed surface will basically be finished using a trowel.
その後に、二次吹付けとして、補強鉄筋枠１０を埋める本体吹付けを行う。 Then, the secondary spraying is performed, which is the main spraying to fill the reinforcing steel frame 10.
［９．頭部面調整］
補強鉄筋枠１０を充填しかつ周囲を取り囲むモルタルの平板ブロック体３０の上面と、アンカー材３の角度が直交しない場合には、図６に示すようにアンカー方向に対する頭部面の調整を行う。調整具は、鋼製台座３１であり、平板ブロック体３０の上面に設置する。調整具３１の上面とアンカー材３とは直交した関係となる。
[9. Head surface adjustment]
If the angle between the anchor material 3 and the top surface of the flat mortar block body 30 that fills and surrounds the reinforcing steel frame 10 is not perpendicular to the anchor material 3, the head surface is adjusted relative to the anchor direction as shown in FIG. The adjustment tool is a steel base 31, which is installed on the upper surface of the flat block body 30. The upper surface of the adjustment tool 31 and the anchor material 3 are perpendicular to each other.
調整具３１を用いるのは、不陸調整部２０の肥大化を抑制するためである。 The adjustment tool 31 is used to prevent the unevenness adjustment portion 20 from becoming enlarged.
［１０．ボーリング］
保孔管２を通してボーリングを行い、アンカー材３を挿入固定するための孔を形成する。
10. Bowling
Drilling is performed through the hole retaining pipe 2 to form holes for inserting and fixing the anchor material 3.
［１１．アンカー材の固定］
図７に示すように、アンカー材固定用の孔にアンカー材３を挿入し、グラウト材を注入してアンカー材３を固定する。
[11. Fixing the anchor material]
As shown in FIG. 7, the anchor material 3 is inserted into the hole for fixing the anchor material, and the grout material is injected to fix the anchor material 3 in place.
［１２．緊張定着工］
緊張定着工は、材齢日等によりモルタルが所定の強度に達したことを確認した後に行う。露出しているアンカー材３の頭部を取り囲む頭部プレート４を設置し、緊張ジャッキ３２を用いてアンカー材３を引張り、所要の残存引張力が得られるように初期緊張力を導入する。
[12. Tension fixing work]
The tension fixing work is carried out after it is confirmed that the mortar has reached a specified strength based on the age of the material, etc. The head plate 4 is installed to surround the head of the exposed anchor material 3, and the tension jack 32 is used to fix the head plate 4. The anchor material 3 is pulled by tension, and an initial tension is applied so that a required residual tension is obtained.
そして、緊張力を維持した状態でくさびを打ち込み、アンカー材３の頭部と頭部プレート４とを強固に固定する。こうして、施工現場で不陸調整部２０と平板ブロック体３０とを一体にした不陸調整一体型独立受圧板を得ることができる。 Then, while maintaining the tension, the wedge is driven in to firmly fix the head of the anchor material 3 to the head plate 4. In this way, an independent pressure plate with an integrated unevenness adjustment, in which the unevenness adjustment part 20 and the flat block body 30 are integrated, can be obtained at the construction site.
［１３．頭部保護キャップの取付］
頭部プレート４から大きく突出するアンカー材３の部分を切断し、その後にアンカー材３の切断頭部を覆うように頭部保護キャップ３３を頭部プレート４に取付ける。
[13. Installation of head protection cap]
The portion of the anchor material 3 that protrudes largely from the head plate 4 is cut off, and then a head protection cap 33 is attached to the head plate 4 so as to cover the cut head of the anchor material 3.
以上で全体の工程が終了する。従来技術とは異なり、数１００ｋｇの重量のある二次製品受圧板を必要としないので、現場での適用範囲が向上し、安価となる。 This completes the entire process. Unlike the conventional technology, the secondary product pressure plate weighing several hundred kg is not required, improving the range of application on site and reducing costs.
より詳しく説明する。補強鉄筋枠１０と、補強鉄筋枠１０を充填し、かつそれを取り囲むモルタル（又はコンクリート）とからなる平板ブロック体３０は、躯体強度を維持するのに必要な鉄筋量、板厚、接地面積を確保するように設けられている構造物成果品となるので、重い二次製品受圧板の使用を省略できる。 A more detailed explanation will be given below. The flat block body 30, which is made up of the reinforcing steel frame 10 and the mortar (or concrete) that fills and surrounds the reinforcing steel frame 10, is a structural product that is designed to ensure the amount of reinforcing steel, plate thickness, and ground contact area required to maintain the strength of the structure , so the use of a heavy secondary product pressure plate can be omitted.
二次製品受圧板を使用せずに、施工現場でモルタルを連続的に吹付けることによって形成され、法面を安定化する不陸調整一体型独立受圧板は、幅広いアンカー荷重と現場条件に対応することで、万能独立板となり得る。 The independent pressure plate with integrated unevenness adjustment, which is formed by continuously spraying mortar at the construction site without using a secondary product pressure plate and stabilizes the slope, can become an all-purpose independent plate by accommodating a wide range of anchor loads and site conditions.
［平板ブロック体の強度計算の一例］
図９および図１０は、平板ブロック体の形状および寸法を示している。
[An example of strength calculation for a flat block body]
9 and 10 show the shape and dimensions of the flat block body.
ａ）計算条件
強度計算のための条件は、例えば以下の通りである。
a) Calculation Conditions Conditions for strength calculation are, for example, as follows.
外力（設計アンカー力）：１本あたりの緊張・定着用アンカーに対してＴｄ＝４００ｋＮ／本
許容支持力：ｑａ＝３００ｋＮ／ｍ２
平板ブロック体３０の縦長寸法Ｌ１：１．５０ｍ
平板ブロック体３０の横長寸法Ｌ２：１．５０ｍ
頭部プレート２の幅ｕ：２８０ｍｍ
仮想梁幅（梁高ｈ×梁幅ｂ）：５００ｍｍ×１０８０ｍｍ
梁断面（有効高ｄ）：４００ｍｍ
許容応力度（コンクリート）
設計基準強度：σ ｃｋ＝１８．０Ｎ／ｍｍ２
許容圧縮応力度：σ ｃａ＝７．０Ｎ／ｍｍ２
許容せん断応力度：τ ｃａ＝０．４００Ｎ／ｍｍ２
許容押し抜きせん断応力度：τ ｐａ＝０．８００Ｎ／ｍｍ２
許容付着応力度：τ ｏａ＝１．４０Ｎ／ｍｍ２
許容引張応力度（鉄筋）：σ ｓａ＝１９６．０Ｎ／ｍｍ２
ｂ）計算結果
上記条件での計算結果は、次の通りである。
External force (design anchor force): Td = 400 kN/piece for each tension/fixing anchor Allowable bearing capacity: qa = 300 kN/ m2
Vertical dimension L1 of the flat block body 30: 1.50 m
Horizontal dimension L2 of the flat block body 30: 1.50 m
Width u of head plate 2: 280 mm
Virtual beam width (beam height h x beam width b): 500 mm x 1080 mm
Beam cross section (effective height d): 400 mm
Allowable stress (concrete)
Design standard strength: σ ck = 18.0 N/mm 2
Allowable compressive stress: σ ca = 7.0 N/mm 2
Allowable shear stress: τ ca = 0.400 N/mm 2
Allowable punching shear stress: τ pa = 0.800 N/mm 2
Allowable adhesion stress: τ oa = 1.40 N/mm 2
Allowable tensile stress (rebar): σ sa = 196.0 N/ mm2
b) Calculation Results The calculation results under the above conditions are as follows.
最大曲げモーメント：３８．７６ｋＮ・ｍ
最大せん断力：１２７．０８ｋＮ
ｃ）鉄筋の条件
上記の条件および計算結果を満足する主鉄筋の条件の一例は、例えば、以下の通りである。
Maximum bending moment: 38.76 kN・m
Maximum shear force: 127.08 kN
c) Conditions of reinforcing bars An example of the conditions for the main reinforcing bars that satisfy the above conditions and the calculation results is as follows.
使用する主鉄筋の直径：２２ｍｍ
補強鉄筋枠の形状：縦横に鉄筋を配置した枠を上方および下方に配置する。
Diameter of main rebar used: 22 mm
Shape of reinforcing steel frame: A frame with steel bars arranged vertically and horizontally is placed at the top and bottom.
上方枠中の縦鉄筋の量および本数：１５４８．４ｍｍ２以上および４本以上
上方枠中の横鉄筋の量および本数：１５４８．４ｍｍ２以上および４本以上
下方枠中の縦鉄筋の量および本数：１５４８．４ｍｍ２以上および４本以上
下方枠中の横鉄筋の量および本数：１５４８．４ｍｍ２以上および４本以上
［補強鉄筋枠の構造の一例］
図１１および図１２に補強鉄筋枠１０の構造の一例を示す。図示した実施形態では、補強鉄筋枠１０は、相対的に低い高さ位置で縦横に交差する複数の縦鉄筋４１ａおよび複数の横鉄筋４２ａを含む下部鉄筋枠と、下部鉄筋枠の上方位置で縦横に交差する複数の縦鉄筋４１ｂおよび複数の横鉄筋４２ｂを含む上部鉄筋枠と、下部鉄筋枠と上部鉄筋枠とを連結する結合部材とを備える。強度上必要とされる鉄筋量を上回るようにするために、下部縦鉄筋４１ａ、下部横鉄筋４２ａ、上部縦鉄筋４１ｂ、上部横鉄筋４２ｂの本数は、それぞれ８本であり、各鉄筋の直径は１９ｍｍである。
Amount and number of vertical bars in the upper frame: 1548.4 mm, 2 or more and 4 or more Amount and number of horizontal bars in the upper frame: 1548.4 mm, 2 or more and 4 or more Amount and number of vertical bars in the lower frame: 1548.4 mm, 2 or more and 4 or more Amount and number of horizontal bars in the lower frame: 1548.4 mm, 2 or more and 4 or more [An example of the structure of a reinforced steel frame]
11 and 12 show an example of the structure of the reinforcing steel frame 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the reinforcing steel frame 10 includes a lower reinforcing steel frame including a plurality of vertical reinforcing steel bars 41a and a plurality of horizontal reinforcing steel bars 42a that cross each other vertically and horizontally at a relatively low height position, an upper reinforcing steel frame including a plurality of vertical reinforcing steel bars 41b and a plurality of horizontal reinforcing steel bars 42b that cross each other vertically and horizontally at a position above the lower reinforcing steel frame, and a connecting member that connects the lower reinforcing steel frame and the upper reinforcing steel frame. In order to exceed the amount of reinforcing steel required for strength, the number of the lower vertical reinforcing steel bars 41a, the lower horizontal reinforcing steel bars 42a, the upper vertical reinforcing steel bars 41b, and the upper horizontal reinforcing steel bars 42b is eight each, and the diameter of each reinforcing steel bar is 19 mm.
図１２に示すように、下部鉄筋４１ａ，４２ａは、それぞれ、その両端部分が上方に屈曲し、上部鉄筋４１ｂ、４２ｂは、それぞれ、その両端部分が下方に屈曲している。上下の枠体の鉄筋の両端部同士を結合部材で連結固定する。また、縦鉄筋４１ａ，４１ｂと横鉄筋４２ａ，４２ｂとが交差する部分も結合部材で連結固定する。 As shown in FIG. 12, both ends of the lower reinforcing bars 41a, 42a are bent upward, and both ends of the upper reinforcing bars 41b, 42b are bent downward. Both ends of the reinforcing bars of the upper and lower frames are connected and fixed together with connecting members. The intersections of the vertical reinforcing bars 41a, 41b and the horizontal reinforcing bars 42a, 42b are also connected and fixed together with connecting members.
上記の構造とすることにより、必要な強度を維持し得る鉄筋量を上回るようになり、受圧板を使用しなくとも、平板ブロック体によって法面を安定化させることが可能になる。 By using the above structure, the amount of rebar required to maintain the necessary strength is exceeded, making it possible to stabilize the slope with flat block bodies without using pressure plates.
なお、高品質のオプション仕上げとして、平板ブロック体にポリウレア樹脂を吹付けることによって、躯体の耐用年数を大幅に増加させることができる。また、国定公園内などで景観色を求められる場合には、吹き付けるモルタルに着色剤を添加するようにしてもよい。さらに、塩害や凍結融解に対する長期耐久性が求められる場合には、モルタルに補強材（例えば、ビニロン繊維）を含ませるようにしてもよい。 As an optional high-quality finish, spraying polyurea resin onto the flat block body can significantly increase the service life of the structure. Also, if a scenic color is required in a national park or other location, a coloring agent can be added to the mortar to be sprayed. Furthermore, if long-term durability against salt damage and freeze-thaw cycles is required, the mortar can contain reinforcing materials (for example, vinylon fiber).
図示した実施形態では、補強鉄筋枠は、下部鉄筋枠と上部鉄筋枠とを備える構造であったが、例えば下部鉄筋枠だけ、または上部鉄筋枠だけを単独設置することもあり得る。その場合には、適正な鉄筋量とするために、各縦鉄筋および各横鉄筋を、それぞれ、平行に延びる2本の鉄筋対で構成してもよい。 In the illustrated embodiment, the reinforcing steel frame is a structure including a lower steel frame and an upper steel frame, but it is also possible to install only the lower steel frame or only the upper steel frame alone. In that case, in order to ensure an appropriate amount of steel, each vertical steel bar and each horizontal steel bar may be composed of two pairs of steel bars extending parallel to each other.
以上、図面を参照して本発明の一実施形態を例示的に説明したが、この発明の範囲内において、または均等の範囲内において、図示し説明した実施形態に対して種々の修正や変更を加えることが可能である。 Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above with reference to the drawings, various modifications and changes can be made to the illustrated and described embodiment within the scope of this invention or within an equivalent scope.
本発明は、効率的かつ安価に法面を安定化させる工法として有利に利用され得る。 The present invention can be advantageously used as a construction method for stabilizing slopes efficiently and inexpensively.
１ 法面、２ 保孔管、３ 緊張・定着用アンカー、４ 頭部プレート、５ 鉄筋枠固定用アンカー、１０ 補強鉄筋枠、１１ 上部枠、１２ 下部枠、１３ 固定用アンカー、１４ 補強鉄筋、１５ 補修金網、１６ 補強鉄筋、１７ 型枠、２０ 不陸調整部、３０ 平板ブロック体、３１ 鋼製台座（調整金具）、３２ 緊張ジャッキ、３３ 頭部保護キャップ、４１ａ 下部縦鉄筋、４２ａ 下部横鉄筋、４１ｂ 上部縦鉄筋、４２ｂ 上部横鉄筋。 1 Slope, 2 Retaining pipe, 3 Tensioning and fixing anchor, 4 Head plate, 5 Reinforcement frame fixing anchor, 10 Reinforcement frame, 11 Upper frame, 12 Lower frame, 13 Fixing anchor, 14 Reinforcement bar, 15 Repair wire mesh, 16 Reinforcement bar, 17 Formwork, 20 Unevenness adjustment section, 30 Flat block body, 31 Steel base (adjustment metal fittings), 32 Tensioning jack, 33 Head protection cap, 41a Lower vertical bar, 42a Lower horizontal bar, 41b Upper vertical bar, 42b Upper horizontal bar.
Claims (7)
不陸調整領域を有する法面上における緊張・定着用アンカーの打設位置を決定する工程と、
前記不陸調整領域とその上に位置する平板ブロック領域との合計高さに相当する、前記緊張・定着用アンカーの天端部分に取り付けられる頭部プレートの位置から法面までの高さ寸法を記録に残す工程と、
後に前記平板ブロック領域に組立てられる補強鉄筋枠と、この補強鉄筋枠を充填しかつ周囲を取り囲むモルタルとからなる平板ブロック体の寸法およびこの平板ブロック体に対して緊張・定着用アンカーを介して作用する設計アンカー力に基づいて平板ブロック体の最大曲げモーメント、最大せん断力および押し抜きせん断力を計算し、この強度を維持し得る前記補強鉄筋枠の鉄筋量を算出する工程と、
後に組立てる前記補強鉄筋枠の鉄筋量が前記算出した鉄筋量を上回る量となるように、前記補強鉄筋枠の組立てに使用する鉄筋の直径、長さ及び本数を決定し、その決定に合致するように複数の鉄筋を準備する工程と、
前記緊張・定着用アンカーの打設位置を取り囲む位置に前記補強鉄筋枠を組み立てるために、先行して複数本の鉄筋枠固定用アンカーを所定の位置関係で法面に打設する工程と、
準備した複数の鉄筋を所定の位置関係及び配置間隔で互いに連結固定して前記補強鉄筋枠を組立て、この補強鉄筋枠を前記平板ブロック領域内で前記鉄筋枠固定用アンカーに連結固定する工程と、
前記緊張・定着用アンカー用に削孔する孔径に合わせて適切な保孔管を選定し、この保孔管を前記補強鉄筋枠の所定位置に連結固定する工程と、
施工現場で前記不陸調整領域と、前記補強鉄筋枠を含む平板ブロック領域とにモルタルを連続的または段階的に吹き付けて所定の高さになるまで充填し、法面上の不陸調整部の上に平板ブロック体を作製する工程と、
前記保孔管を通してボーリングを行い、前記緊張・定着用アンカーを受け入れるためのアンカー用孔を形成する工程と、
前記アンカー用孔内に前記緊張・定着用アンカーを挿入し、グラウト材を注入して前記緊張・定着用アンカーを固定する工程と、
緊張ジャッキを用いて前記緊張・定着用アンカーを引張り、所要の残存引張力が得られるように初期緊張力を導入し、緊張力を維持した状態で前記緊張・定着用アンカーの位置を固定することによって、不陸調整一体型独立受圧板とする工程とを備える、法面安定化グラウンドアンカー工法。 A ground anchor method for stabilizing slopes such as mountain slopes and river banks,
A step of determining a driving position of a tensioning and fixing anchor on a slope having an unevenness adjustment area ;
A step of recording the height dimension from the position of the head plate attached to the top end portion of the tensioning/fixing anchor to the slope, which corresponds to the total height of the unevenness adjustment area and the flat block area located thereon;
A process of calculating the maximum bending moment, maximum shear force and punching shear force of the flat block body based on the dimensions of the flat block body consisting of the reinforcing steel frame to be assembled later in the flat block area and the mortar filling and surrounding the reinforcing steel frame, and the design anchor force acting on the flat block body via the tensioning and fixing anchors, and calculating the amount of reinforcing steel of the reinforcing steel frame that can maintain this strength;
A step of determining the diameter, length and number of reinforcing bars to be used in assembling the reinforcing bar frame so that the amount of reinforcing bars in the reinforcing bar frame to be assembled later exceeds the calculated amount of reinforcing bars, and preparing a plurality of reinforcing bars to match the determined diameter, length and number of reinforcing bars;
A step of first driving a plurality of anchors for fixing the reinforcing bar frame into a slope in a predetermined positional relationship in order to assemble the reinforcing bar frame in a position surrounding the driving position of the tensioning/fixing anchor;
A process of assembling the reinforcing bar frame by connecting and fixing the prepared multiple reinforcing bars to each other in a predetermined positional relationship and at a predetermined interval, and connecting and fixing the reinforcing bar frame to the reinforcing bar frame fixing anchors within the flat block area ;
A step of selecting an appropriate retaining pipe according to the hole diameter to be drilled for the tensioning/fixing anchor, and connecting and fixing the retaining pipe to a predetermined position of the reinforcing steel frame;
A process of spraying mortar continuously or stepwise on the unevenness adjustment area and the flat plate block area including the reinforcing steel frame at a construction site to fill the area to a predetermined height, thereby producing a flat plate block body on the unevenness adjustment part on the slope ;
boring through the retaining pipe to form an anchor hole for receiving the tensioning and anchoring anchor;
inserting the tensioning/anchoring anchor into the anchor hole and injecting grout material to fix the tensioning /anchoring anchor;
a step of pulling the tensioning/fixing anchor using a tensioning jack to obtain a required residual tension, and fixing the position of the tensioning/fixing anchor while maintaining the tension to form an independent pressure plate with an integrated unevenness adjustment .
前記緊張・定着用アンカーの位置を固定する工程は、前記緊張・定着用アンカーの緊張力を維持した状態でくさびを打ち込み、前記緊張・定着用アンカーの頭部と、前記頭部プレートとを強固に固定することを含む、請求項１に記載の法面安定化グラウンドアンカー工法。 after the step of securing the tensioning -anchoring anchors in the anchor holes and before tensioning the tensioning-anchoring anchors, installing a head plate surrounding the exposed tensioning-anchoring anchors;
2. The ground anchor method for slope stabilization according to claim 1 , wherein the step of fixing the position of the tensioning/fixing anchor includes driving a wedge into the ground while maintaining the tension of the tensioning/fixing anchor, thereby firmly fixing a head of the tensioning / fixing anchor and the head plate.
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