JP7489081B2 - Fungicides applied to plant media - Google Patents
Fungicides applied to plant media Download PDFInfo
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- JP7489081B2 JP7489081B2 JP2019144005A JP2019144005A JP7489081B2 JP 7489081 B2 JP7489081 B2 JP 7489081B2 JP 2019144005 A JP2019144005 A JP 2019144005A JP 2019144005 A JP2019144005 A JP 2019144005A JP 7489081 B2 JP7489081 B2 JP 7489081B2
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- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 50
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000005962 plant activator Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000234314 Zingiber Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- FZFYOUJTOSBFPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipotassium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+].[K+] FZFYOUJTOSBFPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
本発明は、農業用の植物培地に散布されて培地を殺菌する殺菌材に関し、とくに、二酸化チタンの光触媒作用で植物培地を殺菌する殺菌材に関する。 The present invention relates to a fungicide that is sprayed on agricultural plant culture media to sterilize the media, and in particular to a fungicide that sterilizes plant culture media using the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide.
培地に二酸化チタンの粉末を散布する技術は開発されている。（特許文献１参照）
この技術は、二酸化チタンを含有する光触媒式の植物活性剤を培地に散布して植物の成長を促進する。植物活性剤は、二酸化チタンの粉状、又は二酸化チタンを粒状の担体表面に担持したものである。この植物活性剤は、二酸化チタンの光触媒作用で培地を殺菌し、あるいは培地を活性化して植物の生育を活性化する。
A technique for sprinkling titanium dioxide powder on the culture medium has been developed (see Patent Document 1).
This technology promotes plant growth by spraying a photocatalytic plant activator containing titanium dioxide onto the medium. The plant activator is in the form of titanium dioxide powder or titanium dioxide supported on the surface of a granular carrier. This plant activator sterilizes the medium or activates the medium with the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide, thereby stimulating plant growth.
粉末二酸化チタンの植物活性剤は、培地に散布されて光触媒作用で培地を殺菌するが、均一に散布するのに手間がかかる欠点があり、粒状の担体に二酸化チタンを担持した植物活性剤は、散布を簡単にできるが、培地を斑なく均等に殺菌するのが難しい欠点がある。 Powdered titanium dioxide plant activators are sprayed onto the culture medium and sterilize it through photocatalysis, but they have the disadvantage that it is time-consuming to spray them evenly. Plant activators that have titanium dioxide supported on a granular carrier can be sprayed easily, but they have the disadvantage that it is difficult to sterilize the culture medium evenly without spots.
本発明は、以上の以上の欠点を解消することを目的に開発されたもので、本発明の大切な目的は、簡単かつ容易に、しかも能率よく培地に散布できると共に、散布された培地を均等に効率よく殺菌できる二酸化チタンを含む殺菌材を提供することにある。 The present invention was developed with the aim of eliminating the above-mentioned shortcomings, and an important object of the present invention is to provide a disinfectant containing titanium dioxide that can be sprayed on a culture medium simply, easily, and efficiently, and that can sterilize the culture medium evenly and efficiently.
本発明のある態様の植物の培地に散布する殺菌材は、二酸化チタンを含有する焼成流紋岩の粉末が造粒されてなり、焼成流紋岩の粉末が、流紋岩を原石として、原石が焼成、粉砕されてなる多孔質で吸水特性のある、粒径を１００μｍ以下として、０．１重量％以上の二酸化チタンを含有する焼成粉末で、焼成粉末と、培土の供給水で分散される赤土又は水溶性のバインダーとを含み、５０ｍｇ以上であって２０ｇ以下の粒状であり、焼成粉末の含有量を１０重量％以上としている。 In one embodiment of the present invention, the fungicide to be sprayed on a plant culture medium is made by granulating calcined rhyolite powder containing titanium dioxide, the calcined rhyolite powder being made by calcining and pulverizing rhyolite as a raw stone, the powder being porous and water-absorbent, with a particle size of 100 μm or less, and containing 0.1% by weight or more of titanium dioxide, the calcined powder containing red soil or a water-soluble binder dispersed in the culture soil supply water, the powder being in the form of granules of 50 mg or more and 20 g or less, and the calcined powder content being 10% by weight or more.
以上の殺菌材は、簡単かつ容易に、しかも能率よく培地に散布でき、しかも散布された状態では培地を均等に効果的に殺菌できる特徴がある。 The above-mentioned disinfectants have the advantage that they can be sprayed onto the medium simply, easily, and efficiently, and once sprayed, they can sterilize the medium evenly and effectively.
以下、本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。以下に示す実施形態は、本発明の技術思想の具体例を示すものであって、本発明を以下に限定するものではない。また、以下に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対的配置等は、特定的な記載がない限り、本発明の範囲をそれのみに限定する趣旨ではなく、例示することを意図したものである。また、一の実施の形態、実施例において説明する内容は、他の実施の形態、実施例にも適用可能である。 The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below are specific examples of the technical ideas of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention to the following. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions, etc. of the components described below are intended to be illustrative and not to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the content described in one embodiment or example can be applied to other embodiments or examples.
本発明の第１の実施態様の植物の培地に散布する殺菌材は、二酸化チタンを含有する焼成流紋岩の粉末が造粒されてなり、焼成流紋岩の粉末が、流紋岩を原石として、原石が焼成、粉砕されてなる多孔質で吸水特性のある、粒径を１００μｍ以下として、０．１重量％以上の二酸化チタンを含有する焼成粉末で、焼成粉末と、培土の供給水で分散される赤土又は水溶性のバインダーとを含み、５０ｍｇ以上であって２０ｇ以下の粒状であり、焼成粉末の含有量を１０重量％以上としている。 The fungicide to be sprayed on the culture medium of a plant in the first embodiment of the present invention is formed by granulating calcined rhyolite powder containing titanium dioxide, the calcined rhyolite powder being a porous, water-absorbent calcined powder formed by calcining and pulverizing rhyolite as a raw stone, the particle size of which is 100 μm or less, and containing 0.1% by weight or more of titanium dioxide, the calcined powder containing red soil or a water-soluble binder dispersed in the culture soil supply water, the calcined powder being in the form of granules of 50 mg or more and 20 g or less, and the calcined powder content being 10% by weight or more.
以上の殺菌材は、培地に簡単かつ容易に、しかも能率よく散布しながら、散布された状態では培地を均等に効率よく殺菌できる特徴がある。それは、以上の殺菌材が、二酸化チタンを含有する焼成流紋岩の粉末を赤土や水溶性のバインダーで粒状に造粒しているからである。この殺菌材は、散布に最適な粒径に造粒できるので、肥料や薬剤の散布器を使用して、培地に簡単に散布できる。さらに、培地に散布された粒状の殺菌材は、培地に供給される水で、焼成流紋岩の粉末が分散されて、培地の隙間から、あるいは浸透する水とともに培地にくまなく拡散する。培地に拡散した二酸化チタンの粉末は、光触媒作用で培地を殺菌する。さらに、分散した焼成流紋岩の粉末は、造粒された粒体に比較して表面積が飛躍的に増加して、極めて効率よく光触媒作用で培地を殺菌する。さらに、焼成流紋岩は、高温で焼成される工程で流紋岩に含まれる焼失成分が失われて微細な空隙が発生している。したがって、焼成流紋岩は、焼成されない流紋岩に比較して表面積が増加して光触媒による殺菌効果もさらに向上する。したがって、焼成流紋岩を赤土や水溶性のバインダーで造粒している殺菌材は、焼成流紋岩の粉末が、培土の供給水で分散された状態にあっては、表面積が飛躍的に増加して、二酸化チタンの光触媒による殺菌効果も飛躍的に向上する。 The above fungicides are characterized by being easily, easily, and efficiently spread on the medium, and by being able to sterilize the medium evenly and efficiently when spread. This is because the above fungicides are made by granulating powder of burned rhyolite containing titanium dioxide with red soil or a water-soluble binder. This fungicide can be granulated to an optimal particle size for spreading, so it can be easily spread on the medium using a fertilizer or chemical spreader. Furthermore, the granular fungicide spread on the medium is dispersed by the water supplied to the medium, and diffuses throughout the medium through the gaps in the medium or with the water that penetrates. The titanium dioxide powder diffused in the medium sterilizes the medium by photocatalysis. Furthermore, the surface area of the dispersed burned rhyolite powder is dramatically increased compared to granulated granules, and it sterilizes the medium by photocatalysis extremely efficiently. Furthermore, when the burned rhyolite is baked at high temperatures, the burnt components contained in the rhyolite are lost, resulting in fine voids. Therefore, the surface area of fired rhyolite is increased compared to unfired rhyolite, and the bactericidal effect of the photocatalyst is further improved. Therefore, in a fungicide made by granulating fired rhyolite with red soil or a water-soluble binder, when the powder of fired rhyolite is dispersed in the water supplied to the culture soil, the surface area increases dramatically, and the bactericidal effect of the titanium dioxide photocatalyst is also improved dramatically.
本発明の第２の実施態様の植物の培地に散布する殺菌材は、殺菌材を球形にできる。 The fungicide to be sprayed onto the plant medium in the second embodiment of the present invention can be formed into a spherical shape.
本発明の第３の実施態様の植物の培地に散布する殺菌材は、殺菌材を、外径を２ｍｍ以上であって２ｃｍ以下とする球形にできる。 The fungicide to be sprayed on the culture medium of a plant according to the third embodiment of the present invention can be formed into a spherical shape having an outer diameter of 2 mm or more and 2 cm or less.
本発明の第４の実施態様の植物の培地に散布する殺菌材は、殺菌材を、隅部を湾曲面とする粒状ににできる。 The fungicide to be spread on the plant culture medium in the fourth embodiment of the present invention can be in the form of granules with curved corners.
（実施の形態１）
殺菌材は粒状で、植物の培地に散布されて、焼成流紋岩が含有する二酸化チタンの光触媒作用で培地を殺菌する。殺菌材は、種子や肥料の散布機で能率よく均一に培地に散布できるように、焼成流紋岩の粉末を赤土や水溶性のバインダーで粒状に造粒している。殺菌材は、散布機で詰まらずスムーズに散布できるように球形に造粒することができる。球形の殺菌材は、例えば外径を２ｍｍ以上であって２ｃｍ以下とし、好ましくは５ｍｍ以上であって１ｃｍ以下として、散布機でスムーズに能率よく、しかも均一に培地に散布できる。
(Embodiment 1)
The fungicide is granular and is spread on the plant culture medium, where it sterilizes the medium by the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide contained in the calcined rhyolite. The fungicide is made by granulating calcined rhyolite powder with red soil or a water-soluble binder so that it can be spread efficiently and uniformly on the culture medium by a seed or fertilizer spreader. The fungicide can be granulated into a spherical shape so that it can be spread smoothly without clogging in the spreader. The spherical fungicide has an outer diameter of, for example, 2 mm or more and 2 cm or less, preferably 5 mm or more and 1 cm or less, so that it can be spread smoothly, efficiently, and uniformly on the culture medium by a spreader.
さらに、殺菌材は、直方体であって、隅部を湾曲面とする粒状に成形することもできる。この形状の殺菌材は、隅部を湾曲面として、散布機で詰まらずスムーズに散布できる形状とする。この殺菌材は、１粒の重量を、例えば５０ｍｇ以上であって２０ｇ以下、好ましくは０．５ｇ以上であって１０ｇ以下の粒状として、散布機でスムーズに能率よく均一に散布できる。 Furthermore, the fungicide can be formed into a granular shape with a rectangular parallelepiped and curved corners. The fungicide of this shape has curved corners that allow it to be spread smoothly without clogging with a spreader. This fungicide can be spread smoothly, efficiently, and uniformly with a spreader, with each grain weighing, for example, 50 mg or more and 20 g or less, and preferably 0.5 g or more and 10 g or less.
焼成流紋岩の粉末を造粒している殺菌材は、球形や隅を湾曲面とする直方体として散布機でスムーズに散布できるが、本発明は造粒された殺菌材を以上の形状に特定するものでなく、たとえば多面体、長手方向に切断して断面を楕円形とする形状等とすることもできる。 The fungicide made by granulating powdered calcined rhyolite can be easily spread by a spreader in the form of a sphere or a rectangular prism with curved corners, but the present invention does not limit the shape of the granulated fungicide to the above, and it can also be in the form of, for example, a polyhedron or a shape cut longitudinally to have an oval cross section.
殺菌材は、以上の大きさに造粒して散布機でスムーズに培地に散布できる。小さ過ぎる殺菌材は、粉末に近くなって凝集しやすく、大き過ぎる殺菌材は培地で均一に分散するのに時間がかかるので、殺菌材の大きさは、培地の種類や栽培する植物を考慮して最適な大きさに設定される。殺菌材は、培土に散布され、あるいはミョウガ等を養液栽培するのに使用されるヤシガラ培地や、ロックウールなどの繊維培地に散布される。 The fungicide can be granulated to the above sizes and spread smoothly on the medium with a spreader. Fungicide that is too small will become powdery and tend to clump, while fungicide that is too large will take time to disperse evenly in the medium, so the size of the fungicide is set to an optimal size taking into consideration the type of medium and the plant being cultivated. The fungicide is spread on culture soil, or on coconut shell medium used for hydroponic cultivation of ginger and other plants, or on fibrous medium such as rock wool.
殺菌材は、二酸化チタンを含有する焼成流紋岩の粉末を、赤土や水溶性のバインダーで粒状に造粒して製作される。焼成流紋岩の粉末は、原石を粒状に破砕して焼成し、焼成した粒状の流紋岩を粉末に加工する。ただ、焼成流紋岩の粉末は、原石を粉末に加工して焼成して製造することもできる。焼成流紋岩の粉末は、好ましくは、原石を平均粒径が３ｍｍ～５ｃｍとする粒状に破砕して焼成し、焼成した後に粉砕して製造する。 The fungicide is produced by granulating powder of calcined rhyolite containing titanium dioxide with red soil or a water-soluble binder. Powder of calcined rhyolite is produced by crushing raw stone into granules, calcining the granular calcined rhyolite, and processing the powder into the powder. However, powder of calcined rhyolite can also be produced by processing raw stone into powder and calcining it. Powder of calcined rhyolite is preferably produced by crushing raw stone into granules with an average particle size of 3 mm to 5 cm, calcining the powder, and pulverizing the powder after calcination.
焼成流紋岩の粉末は、原石を破砕した状態で酸化雰囲気で焼成して能率よく焼成できる。破砕された粒状の流紋岩は、焼成する工程で、流紋岩の間に隙間ができて、各々の流紋岩の表面を広い面積で露出して、ほぼ全体を外周面から内部まで均一に加熱して焼成できるからである。焼成された粒状の流紋岩は、焼結されて硬化しているので、粉砕して能率よく粉末に加工できる。流紋岩の焼成温度は、低すぎると、内部まで均一に焼成できず、多孔質とならずに硬度が低くなる。反対に焼成温度が高すぎると焼成コストが高くなり、さらに溶融して多孔質な空隙が減少する。流紋岩は、７００℃～９００℃で溶融するので、流紋岩の焼成温度は、たとえば６００℃以上であって９００℃以下、好ましくは８００℃～９００℃とする。焼成は、破砕した流紋岩を下り勾配に配置している回転するトロンメルに供給し、トロンメルで撹拌しながら移送して能率よく均一に焼成できる。以上の温度で焼成された流紋岩は、融点の低い酸化カリウムを数％含有するので、焼成工程で低融点の酸化カリウム等が溶融され、さらに高温に加熱されて流紋岩に含まれる焼失成分が失われて微細な空隙が発生して多孔質に焼結される。したがって、焼成流紋岩は多孔質となって、焼成されない流紋岩に比較して表面積が増加して光触媒による殺菌効果が向上する。焼成工程では、溶融した低融点の酸化カリウム等が融材となって硬く焼結される。焼成された多孔質な流紋岩は、内部の微細な空隙が互いに連続する状態となって吸水特性も向上する。ちなみに、焼成されない流紋岩の表面を水滴が付着すると水は表面張力で内部に吸収されることなく水滴となって付着するが、焼成した流紋岩は、表面に水を付着すると表面に付着することなく速やかに内部に浸透して吸収される。 The powder of fired rhyolite can be efficiently fired by firing the crushed raw stone in an oxidizing atmosphere. In the firing process, gaps are formed between the crushed granular rhyolite, exposing the surface of each rhyolite over a wide area, and the entire rhyolite can be heated and fired uniformly from the outer surface to the inside. Since the fired granular rhyolite is sintered and hardened, it can be efficiently processed into powder by crushing it. If the firing temperature of rhyolite is too low, it cannot be fired uniformly to the inside, and it will not become porous and will have low hardness. On the other hand, if the firing temperature is too high, the firing cost will increase and it will melt further, reducing the porous voids. Rhyolite melts at 700°C to 900°C, so the firing temperature of rhyolite is, for example, 600°C or higher and 900°C or lower, preferably 800°C to 900°C. In the firing process, the crushed rhyolite is fed to a rotating trommel arranged on a downward slope, and the trommel is used to transport the rhyolite while stirring it, allowing efficient and uniform firing. Rhyolites fired at the above temperatures contain a few percent of potassium oxide, which has a low melting point, so the low-melting potassium oxide and other substances melt during the firing process, and the rhyolite is heated to a high temperature, losing the burnt components contained in the rhyolite, creating fine voids and sintering it into a porous material. Therefore, the fired rhyolite becomes porous, and its surface area increases compared to unfired rhyolite, improving the sterilization effect of the photocatalyst. In the firing process, the molten low-melting potassium oxide and other substances become the melting material, and the rhyolite is hardened and sintered. The fine internal voids of the fired porous rhyolite become connected to each other, improving its water absorption properties. Incidentally, when water droplets adhere to the surface of unfired rhyolite, the water adheres as droplets without being absorbed into the interior due to surface tension, but when water adheres to the surface of fired rhyolite, it quickly penetrates into the interior and is absorbed without adhering to the surface.
流紋岩は、好ましくは愛媛県の重信町で採取される流紋岩を使用する。この流紋岩を焼成した焼成流紋岩は、蛍光Ｘ線分析・ＥＺスキャンにおいて、以下の成分を含有する。
二酸化珪素（ＳｉＯ２）………… ７０．９％
酸化アルミニウム（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）…１６．６％
酸化ナトリウム（Ｎａ２Ｏ）……… ３．７％
酸化カリウム（Ｋ２Ｏ）…………… ２．８％
三酸化第二鉄（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）…………２．２％
酸化カルシウム（ＣａＯ）…………３．０％
酸化マグネシウム（ＭｇＯ）………０．２％
二酸化チタン（ＴｉＯ２）………… ０．２％
The rhyolite used is preferably that collected in Shigenobu Town, Ehime Prefecture. The fired rhyolite contains the following components as determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis and EZ scan.
Silicon dioxide ( SiO2 ) …………70.9%
Aluminum oxide ( Al2O3 )... 16.6 %
Sodium oxide ( Na2O )…3.7%
Potassium oxide ( K2O )……………2.8%
Ferric oxide ( Fe2O3 ) ………… 2.2 %
Calcium oxide (CaO)…………3.0%
Magnesium oxide (MgO)…0.2%
Titanium dioxide ( TiO2 ) …………0.2%
殺菌材は、焼成流紋岩に含まれる二酸化チタンの光触媒作用で培地を殺菌するので、二酸化チタンの含有量を０．１重量％以上とする焼成流紋岩を使用して造粒する。焼成された焼成流紋岩は、摩砕機や粉砕機を使用して、たとえば１μｍ以上であって２００μｍ以下、好ましくは１０μｍ以上であって１００μｍ以下の粒径に粉砕する。焼成流紋岩の粉末は、培地において分散して表面積が飛躍的に大きくなり、二酸化チタンの光触媒作用で培地を極めて効果的に殺菌する。さらに、培地は、植物を生育させるために多量の光線が照射される環境にあって、二酸化チタンの光触媒作用による殺菌効果が極めて高くなる。さらに、このことに加えて、培地は表面から細菌汚染が発生しやすいが、培地の表層部は光線の照射強度が強く、二酸化チタンの光触媒作用による殺菌効果も高くなって、細菌汚染が発生しやすい培地の表層部分が、焼成流紋岩粉末で効果的に殺菌される特徴がある。さらに、二酸化チタンの光触媒作用による殺菌効果は、相当に弱い紫外線によっても実現されるので、培地にできるわずかな隙間から内部に侵入する紫外線によっても、培地の表層部も殺菌される特徴がある。とくに、ヤシガラ繊維や樹皮の培地は、無数の隙間ができるので、無数の隙間から内部に侵入する紫外線が、培地の内部に分散している焼成流紋岩粉末を照射して殺菌効果を実現する。 The disinfectant disinfects the medium by the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide contained in the fired rhyolite, so it is granulated using fired rhyolite with a titanium dioxide content of 0.1% by weight or more. The fired rhyolite is pulverized to a particle size of, for example, 1 μm or more and 200 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less, using a grinder or a pulverizer. The fired rhyolite powder disperses in the medium, dramatically increasing the surface area, and the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide disinfects the medium extremely effectively. Furthermore, the medium is in an environment where a large amount of light is irradiated to grow plants, and the disinfecting effect of the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide is extremely high. In addition to this, the medium is prone to bacterial contamination from the surface, but the surface layer of the medium has a strong irradiation intensity of light, and the disinfecting effect of the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide is also high, so that the surface layer of the medium, which is prone to bacterial contamination, is effectively disinfected by the fired rhyolite powder. Furthermore, the sterilizing effect of titanium dioxide's photocatalytic action can be achieved even with fairly weak ultraviolet light, so the surface layer of the medium can also be sterilized by ultraviolet light that penetrates through tiny gaps in the medium. In particular, coconut fiber and bark media have countless gaps, so the ultraviolet light that penetrates through the countless gaps irradiates the burnt rhyolite powder dispersed inside the medium, achieving a sterilizing effect.
ちなみに、焼成流紋岩が、大腸菌、緑膿菌、黄色ブドウ球菌、カンジダを殺菌する効果を試験すると、これ等の細菌は、試験開始後、わずか１週間程度でほぼ完全に滅菌され、クロコウジカビは、約３週間経過後に、約９０％が滅菌できた。以上の殺菌効果は、細菌やカビを培養して生理食塩水に懸濁して、菌数値を数十万個／ｇの菌液とし、この菌液を焼成流紋岩の粉末で殺菌して効果を測定した。この試験は、粒径を５０μｍとする焼成流紋岩粉末の殺菌効果を測定したが、粒径を１μｍ～１００μｍとする焼成流紋岩の粉末は５０μｍの焼成流紋岩の粉末と同等の殺菌効果を実現する。 Incidentally, when calcined rhyolite was tested for its ability to kill Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida, these bacteria were almost completely killed in just about one week after the start of the test, and about 90% of Aspergillus niger was killed after about three weeks. The above bactericidal effects were measured by culturing bacteria and mold and suspending them in saline to create a bacterial solution with a bacterial count of several hundred thousand per gram, and then sterilizing this bacterial solution with calcined rhyolite powder. This test measured the bactericidal effect of calcined rhyolite powder with a particle size of 50 μm, but calcined rhyolite powder with a particle size of 1 μm to 100 μm achieves the same bactericidal effect as calcined rhyolite powder with a particle size of 50 μm.
殺菌材は、焼成流紋岩の粉末と、バインダーの赤土を同量混合して原料粉末とし、原料粉末に水を添加して造粒する。殺菌材は、焼成流紋岩粉末の混合量を多くして、光触媒による殺菌効力を強くできる。殺菌材は、光触媒効果による殺菌力を強くするために、焼成流紋岩粉末の混合量を、例えば２０重量％以上、好ましくは３０重量％以上、さらに好ましくは４０重量％以上とする。殺菌材は、焼成流紋岩粉末の混合率を高くして、赤土の混合量を少なくすると造粒の強度が低下する。造粒の強度が低すぎると、散布するまでに破砕される。この強度を実現するために、赤土を添加して造粒される殺菌材は、赤土の添加量を例えば１０重量％以上、好ましくは２０重量％以上とする。 The fungicide is made by mixing equal amounts of baked rhyolite powder and red soil as a binder to form a raw powder, and then adding water to the raw powder to granulate it. The fungicide can have a stronger bactericidal effect due to the photocatalyst effect by increasing the amount of baked rhyolite powder mixed in. In order to strengthen the bactericidal effect due to the photocatalyst effect, the amount of baked rhyolite powder mixed in the fungicide is, for example, 20% by weight or more, preferably 30% by weight or more, and more preferably 40% by weight or more. If the baked rhyolite powder is mixed in at a high ratio and the amount of red soil mixed in is reduced, the strength of the granulation decreases. If the strength of the granulation is too low, it will be crushed before being sprayed. In order to achieve this strength, the fungicide granulated with the addition of red soil has an amount of red soil added of, for example, 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more.
殺菌材は、焼成流紋岩粉末を５０重量％、赤土を５０重量％として、手で強く加圧して破砕する程度の強度にできる。この殺菌材は、培地に散布して速やかに分散する。焼成流紋岩粉末を赤土の結合力で造粒している殺菌材は、焼成流紋岩粉末が分散されやすく、培地に散布されて速やかに優れた殺菌力を実現する。さらに、この殺菌材は、全体を無機粉末で構成するので、培地に散布される薬剤として理想的な材質となる。 The fungicide is made of 50% burnt rhyolite powder and 50% red soil by weight, and can be made strong enough to be crushed by applying strong pressure by hand. This fungicide disperses quickly when sprayed on a culture medium. The fungicide, which granulates burnt rhyolite powder using the binding power of red soil, is easy to disperse, and quickly achieves excellent bactericidal power when sprayed on a culture medium. Furthermore, because this fungicide is composed entirely of inorganic powder, it is an ideal material for use as a chemical to be sprayed on a culture medium.
以上の殺菌材は、赤土で焼成流紋岩粉末を造粒しているが、本発明は焼成流紋岩粉末の造粒に、赤土に代わって、ポリビニールアルコールなどの水溶性のバインダーを使用することもできる。水溶性のバインダー、培地に供給される水に溶解されて、焼成流紋岩粉末を培地に分散させる。水溶性のバインダーは、赤土よりも強い結合作用があるので、焼成流紋岩粉末の添加量を多くできる。この殺菌材は、たとえば、水溶性のバインダーの添加量を、５重量％～１０重量％と少なくして造粒できる。さらに、殺菌材は、赤土と水溶性のバインダーの両方を添加して造粒することもできる。この殺菌材は、赤土に対する水溶性のバインダーの添加量を少なくして、ほぼ全体を焼成無機粉末で構成して優れた殺菌力を実現できる。 The above fungicide uses red soil to granulate the burnt rhyolite powder, but in the present invention, instead of red soil, a water-soluble binder such as polyvinyl alcohol can be used to granulate the burnt rhyolite powder. The water-soluble binder dissolves in the water supplied to the medium, dispersing the burnt rhyolite powder in the medium. The water-soluble binder has a stronger binding effect than red soil, so the amount of burnt rhyolite powder added can be increased. This fungicide can be granulated by reducing the amount of water-soluble binder added, for example, to 5% to 10% by weight. Furthermore, the fungicide can also be granulated by adding both red soil and a water-soluble binder. This fungicide can achieve excellent bactericidal power by reducing the amount of water-soluble binder added to the red soil and being composed almost entirely of burnt inorganic powder.
以上の殺菌材は、散布機で培地に散布され、培地に供給される水で、焼成流紋岩粉末を分散して、水とともに焼成流紋岩粉末を培地に拡散する。殺菌材は、散水して耕運機等で攪拌することで、速やかに培地に分散することもできる。培地に拡散した二酸化チタンは、粒状の焼成流紋岩に比較して表面積が飛躍的に増加する。焼成流紋岩に含有される二酸化チタンの光触媒作用は、表面積に比例して強くなる。したがって、微細な粉末の状態で培地に分散された焼成流紋岩は、光触媒の作用で極めて効率よく培地を殺菌する。さらに焼成流紋岩は、高温で焼成されて微細な空隙の多孔質状態となっている。多孔質な焼成流紋岩粉末は、表面から水分を速やかに吸水する。水分を吸収して保水した焼成流紋岩粉末は、表面の赤土との結合を低下させて速やかに分散する。このことから、焼成流紋岩粉末を造粒している以上の殺菌材は、焼成した流紋岩を破砕した殺菌材よりも優れた殺菌力を実現する。 The above fungicide is sprayed on the medium with a sprayer, and the water supplied to the medium disperses the calcined rhyolite powder, which is then diffused into the medium along with the water. The fungicide can also be dispersed quickly into the medium by spraying it and stirring it with a tiller or similar. The surface area of titanium dioxide diffused into the medium is dramatically increased compared to granular calcined rhyolite. The photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide contained in calcined rhyolite is stronger in proportion to the surface area. Therefore, calcined rhyolite dispersed in the medium in the form of fine powder sterilizes the medium extremely efficiently through the action of the photocatalyst. Furthermore, calcined rhyolite is calcined at high temperatures to become porous with fine voids. The porous calcined rhyolite powder quickly absorbs moisture from the surface. The calcined rhyolite powder that absorbs and retains moisture weakens the bond with the red soil on the surface and disperses quickly. For this reason, disinfectants made from granulated calcined rhyolite powder have superior disinfecting power to disinfectants made from crushed calcined rhyolite.
本発明者は、焼成流紋岩粉末と赤土を同じ重量比で混合して、粒径を５ｍｍとする殺菌材を試作した。試作した殺菌材を、ミョウガを養液栽培している培地、１ｍ２に１００ｇの割合で散布して、培地の状態を目視で観察して殺菌材の効果を確認した。殺菌材は、細菌が繁殖して湿潤状態にある培地に散布し、殺菌材を散布しない培地と比較して状態の変化を目視で観察した。殺菌材を散布した培地は、３日経過後に、湿潤状態が乾燥状態に変化し始め、７日経過後には乾燥状態となって細菌の繁殖が抑制されたことが明白となった。殺菌材を殺菌しない培地は、湿潤状態が改善されずに殺菌の繁殖は抑制されなかった。ミョウガの養液栽培は、毎日多量の養液を培地に供給するので、培地に殺菌された殺菌材が、供給される養液で焼成流紋岩の粉末を速やかに培地に分散して、焼成流紋岩に含有される二酸化チタンの光触媒作用で、殺菌効果を発揮した。以上のミョウガは、１０００平方メートルの栽培面積に対して、１日に約１トン～３トンもの溶液を散水するので、散水される養液で殺菌材の焼成流紋岩粉末を速やかに培地に分散して、二酸化チタンによる光触媒作用で効果的に殺菌力を発揮する。 The inventor mixed baked rhyolite powder and red soil in the same weight ratio to produce a fungicide with a particle size of 5 mm. The prototype fungicide was sprayed at a rate of 100 g per 1 m2 of the medium in which ginger was grown in a nutrient solution, and the state of the medium was visually observed to confirm the effect of the fungicide. The fungicide was sprayed on a medium in which bacteria were growing and in a wet state, and the change in state was visually observed in comparison with a medium to which the fungicide was not sprayed. After 3 days, the medium to which the fungicide was sprayed began to change from a wet state to a dry state, and after 7 days, it became dry, making it clear that the growth of bacteria was suppressed. In the medium to which the fungicide was not sterilized, the wet state was not improved and the growth of bacteria was not suppressed. Since the nutrient solution cultivation of ginger requires a large amount of nutrient solution to be supplied to the medium every day, the fungicide sterilized in the medium quickly dispersed the powder of baked rhyolite in the medium with the supplied nutrient solution, and the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide contained in the baked rhyolite exerted the bactericidal effect. For the above-mentioned ginger, about 1 to 3 tons of solution is sprayed per day for a cultivation area of 1,000 square meters, and the sprayed nutrient solution quickly disperses the baked rhyolite powder fungicide into the culture medium, where the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide effectively exerts its bactericidal power.
本発明は、農業用の植物培地に散布して培地を殺菌する殺菌材として、種々の植物の培地に対して好適に使用して、二酸化チタンの光触媒作用で効果的に殺菌できる。 The present invention is suitable for use as a disinfectant for agricultural plant culture media by spraying the media to disinfect the media, and can effectively disinfect the media by utilizing the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide.
Claims (4)
前記焼成流紋岩の粉末が、
流紋岩を原石として、
前記原石が焼成、粉砕されてなる多孔質で吸水特性のある、
粒径を１００μｍ以下として、
０．１重量％以上の二酸化チタンを含有する焼成粉末で、
前記焼成粉末と、
培土の供給水で分散される赤土又は水溶性のバインダーとを含み、
５０ｍｇ以上であって２０ｇ以下の粒状であり、
前記焼成粉末の含有量を１０重量％以上としてなる植物の培地に散布する殺菌材。 A fungicide for spraying on a plant culture medium, the fungicide being formed by granulating a powder of calcined rhyolite containing titanium dioxide,
The fired rhyolite powder is
Using rhyolite as the raw material,
The raw stone is calcined and crushed to have a porous and water-absorbent property.
The particle size is 100 μm or less.
A calcined powder containing 0.1% by weight or more of titanium dioxide,
The calcined powder;
and a red soil or water-soluble binder dispersed with the supply water of the soil;
A granular form of 50 mg or more and 20 g or less,
A fungicide to be sprayed on a plant culture medium, the fungicide comprising the calcined powder in an amount of 10% by weight or more.
前記殺菌材が球形であることを特徴とする植物の培地に散布する殺菌材。 The disinfectant according to claim 1,
A fungicide to be sprayed on a plant culture medium, characterized in that the fungicide is spherical .
前記殺菌材が、
外径を２ｍｍ以上であって２ｃｍ以下とする球形であることを特徴とする植物の培地に散布する殺菌材。 The disinfectant according to claim 2,
The bactericidal material is
A fungicide to be sprayed on a plant culture medium, characterized in that it is spherical with an outer diameter of 2 mm or more and 2 cm or less.
前記殺菌材が、
隅部を湾曲面とする粒状であることを特徴とする植物の培地に散布する殺菌材。 The disinfectant according to claim 1,
The bactericidal material is
A fungicide to be sprayed on plant culture media, characterized in that it is in the form of granules with curved corners.
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