JP7473754B2 - Highly durable backfill grout material - Google Patents
Highly durable backfill grout material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7473754B2 JP7473754B2 JP2020015631A JP2020015631A JP7473754B2 JP 7473754 B2 JP7473754 B2 JP 7473754B2 JP 2020015631 A JP2020015631 A JP 2020015631A JP 2020015631 A JP2020015631 A JP 2020015631A JP 7473754 B2 JP7473754 B2 JP 7473754B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- grout
- fibers
- grout material
- mass
- highly durable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 title claims description 178
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 115
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 155
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 isocyanate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical group NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002978 Vinylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078583 calcium aluminosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011210 fiber-reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052806 inorganic carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052920 inorganic sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013031 physical testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Road Repair (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
本発明は、コンクリート舗装版下の隙間に導入される裏込めグラウトについて、繰返し荷重による粉状化に対する耐久性が高く、材齢２時間の初期強度に優れた裏込めグラウト材に関する。 This invention relates to a backfill grout material that is introduced into gaps under concrete pavement slabs and has high resistance to powdering due to repeated loads and excellent initial strength at two hours.
プレキャストＲＣ舗装版やプレキャストＰＣ舗装版などのコンクリート舗装版の施工において、通常、舗装版を設置するには水平方向のレベル調整を行うために舗装版と路盤上面との間にスペーサー等が設置され、路盤上面と舗装版下面の間に約１ｍｍ～３０ｍｍ程度の隙間が形成される。この隙間には裏込めグラウトが注入され、コンクリート舗装版の自重や交通の走行により発生する荷重を均一に路盤に伝達する構造が形成される。 When constructing concrete pavement slabs such as precast RC pavement slabs and precast PC pavement slabs, spacers are usually placed between the pavement slab and the top surface of the roadbed to adjust the horizontal level when installing the pavement slab, leaving a gap of about 1 to 30 mm between the top surface of the roadbed and the bottom surface of the pavement slab. Backfill grout is injected into this gap, creating a structure that evenly transfers the weight of the concrete pavement slab and the load generated by traffic movement to the roadbed.
また、軟弱地盤上に構築されるコンクリート舗装版は、コンクリート舗装版の自重や経年の荷重により地盤が圧密されるため、コンクリート舗装版が僅かに沈下することが知られている。沈下した舗装表面の高さを元に戻すために、コンクリート舗装版を持ち上げて不陸調整し、その下面と路盤との間にできた空隙に裏込めグラウトが注入されることもある。 It is also known that concrete pavement slabs constructed on soft ground tend to sink slightly as the ground is consolidated due to the concrete pavement slab's own weight and loads over time. In order to return the sunken pavement surface to its original height, the concrete pavement slab is sometimes lifted to level the unevenness, and backfill grout is injected into the gap that has formed between its underside and the roadbed.
このようなコンクリート舗装工事において、空港エプロン等の施設の舗装では、工事に時間的制約を受けるために迅速な施工が要求され、それに対応できるように裏込めグラウトにも速硬性が要求される。また、交通荷重による繰返し疲労による粉状化に対する抵抗性も求められる。 In concrete pavement construction such as that for airport aprons and other facilities, rapid construction is required due to time constraints, and the backfill grout must also harden quickly to meet this requirement. It must also be resistant to pulverization due to repeated fatigue caused by traffic loads.
裏込めグラウト材として、特開平８－２９０９５１号公報（特許文献１）には、セメント、カルシウムアルミネート、石膏、およびアルミナドロスを主成分とした裏込めグラウト材が記載されている。この裏込めグラウト材は、カルシウムアルミネートおよび石膏によって初期強度の発現を早め、アルミナドロスによって長期強度の抑制と容積減少の低減を図っている。 As a backfill grout material, JP 8-290951 A (Patent Document 1) describes a backfill grout material whose main components are cement, calcium aluminate, gypsum, and alumina dross. This backfill grout material uses calcium aluminate and gypsum to accelerate the development of initial strength, and alumina dross to suppress long-term strength and reduce volume loss.
しかし、特許文献１の裏込めグラウト材は、速硬性を有するものの、繰返し荷重による粉状化に対する抵抗性は十分ではなかった。そこで、特開２０１１－１４４１０３号公報（特許第５３１１５８４号：特許文献２）に記載されているように、疲労耐久性を高めた裏込めグラウト材が開発されている。この裏込めグラウト材は、セメントおよび速硬材を主成分にし、無機または有機の短繊維を配合したものであり、速硬材を配合して初期強度の発現を早めると共に短繊維を配合して繰返し荷重による粉状化に対する抵抗性を高めている。
However, although the backfilling grout material in
特許文献２の裏込めグラウト材は、短繊維を配合して耐粉状化性を高めているが、一方で速硬性を得るために多量の速硬材が配合されている。具体的には、セメントに対して２５質量％～４０質量％に及ぶ多量の速硬材が配合されている。しかし、速硬材の量が多いと、繰返し荷重に対する耐粉状化性が低下する傾向がある。一方、速硬材の量が少なく硬化までの時間が長すぎると、材料分離を生じやすくなり、短繊維がグラウト上面に偏って十分な疲労耐久性が得られない。そこで、速硬材の含有量を１～６質量％にして適度な流動性とゲル化までの時間を確保した裏込めグラウト材が提案されている（特開２０１９－１１２３３号公報：特許文献３）。しかし、この裏込めグラウト材は材齢２時間の圧縮強度が低い。
The backfilling grout material of
また、鉱物質粉末フィラーを配合したグラウト材（特許第３３７２０１２号：特許文献４）、アルミノ珪酸カルシウムや石膏等を配合したグラウト組成物（特開２００４－２１０５５７号公報：特許文献５）が知られているが、何れも耐久性が低い。 In addition, grout materials containing mineral powder fillers (Patent No. 3372012: Patent Document 4) and grout compositions containing calcium aluminosilicate, gypsum, etc. (JP Patent Publication No. 2004-210557: Patent Document 5) are known, but both have low durability.
一方、セメント補強用繊維材料として、玄武岩繊維を樹脂で集束した補強用短繊維が知られており（特開２０１２－５６７８０号公報）、また、多数の単繊維を束ねた繊維集束体をイソシアネート化合物樹脂で固め、表面をエポキシ樹脂で処理した補強用繊維材料が知られている（国際公開２０１６－１１７４３５号公報）。しかし、これらの補強用繊維材料は単繊維を束ねて樹脂で固めたものであるので、グラウトに配合したときに、該繊維材料が単繊維に分散せず集合体としてグラウト中に存在するので補強効果が十分ではない場合がある。 On the other hand, as a fiber material for reinforcing cement, a reinforcing short fiber made of basalt fibers bundled with resin is known (JP Patent Publication No. 2012-56780), and a reinforcing fiber material is also known in which a fiber bundle of many single fibers is bound together and solidified with an isocyanate compound resin, and the surface is treated with an epoxy resin (WO Publication No. 2016-117435). However, because these reinforcing fiber materials are made by bundling single fibers and solidifying them with resin, when they are mixed into grout, the fiber material does not disperse into the single fibers but exists in the grout as an aggregate, which may result in insufficient reinforcing effect.
本発明の裏込めグラウト材は、従来の上記問題を解消したものであり、該グラウトに配合する繊維の種類と配合量を検討し、また特許文献３の裏込めグラウト材について、材齢２時間の初期強度を高めると共に十分な長期強度を有し、繰返し荷重に対する疲労耐久性に優れた裏込めグラウトを提供する。なお、本発明において、水を加えない粉体のものを裏込めグラウト材と云い、水を加えて練り混ぜ硬化するまでの液体状態のものを含め、水和硬化した状態のものを裏込めグラウトと云い、本発明の裏込めグラウト材によって形成された裏込めグラウトを本発明の裏込めグラウトと云う。
また、水を除いた繊維およびセメント等の材料を混合してグラウト材を製造することを乾式混合といい、粉体のグラウト材に水を加え練り混ぜグラウトを製造する工程を練り混ぜという。
The backfilling grout material of the present invention has solved the above-mentioned problems of the conventional art, and the type and amount of fiber to be mixed in the grout have been examined, and a backfilling grout having an improved initial strength at 2 hours and sufficient long-term strength and excellent fatigue resistance against repeated loads is provided for the backfilling grout material of Patent Document 3. In the present invention, a powdered material to which no water has been added is referred to as a backfilling grout material, and a hydrated and hardened state is referred to as a backfilling grout, including a liquid state in which water is added, mixed, and hardened, and a backfilling grout formed by the backfilling grout material of the present invention is referred to as the backfilling grout of the present invention.
In addition, the process of producing grout by mixing materials such as fiber and cement excluding water is called dry mixing, while the process of producing grout by adding water to powdered grout material and kneading it is called kneading.
本発明は、以下の構成からなる裏込めグラウト材等に関する。
〔１〕セメントを主成分とし、速硬材、繊維、減水剤、および凝結調整剤を含むコンクリート舗装版用裏込めグラウト材であって、上記繊維は乾式混合前においては集束状態を保ち乾式混合後には単繊維に解繊する解離性の集束繊維であり、該集束繊維はストレートシリコンオイルまたは変性シリコンオイルの油で一体化され、該油の含有率は該繊維に対して１.０質量％以上～５.０質量％以下であって、該繊維表面が該油による撥水性を有し、該グラウト材と水を練り混ぜてグラウトにしたときに、該撥水性によって該繊維がグラウト中に分散し、練り混ぜ開始２分後の該集束繊維の凝集率が２０％以下であることを特徴とする高耐久性裏込めグラウト材。
〔２〕上記集束繊維は、繊維径１０～３０μｍの単繊維を３００～１２００本を束にして一本化した、繊維長２～４ｍｍの短繊維である上記[１]に記載する高耐久性裏込めグラウト材。
〔３〕上記解離性の集束繊維の含有量がグラウトに対して０.０５体積％以上～０.４０体積％未満である上記[１]または上記[２]の何れかに記載する高耐久性裏込めグラウト材。
〔４〕上記解離性の集束繊維がアラミド繊維である上記[１]～上記[３]の何れかに記載する高耐久性裏込めグラウト材。
〔５〕上記速硬材の含有率が該セメントに対して８質量％以上～４０質量％以下である上記[１]～上記[４]の何れかに記載する高耐久性裏込めグラウト材。
〔６〕再乳化粉末樹脂を含み、該再乳化粉末樹脂の含有量が該裏込めグラウト材の内割で３.０質量％以上～６.０質量％以下である上記[１]～上記[５]の何れかに記載する高耐久性裏込めグラウト材。
〔７〕上記再乳化粉末樹脂がアクリル系再乳化粉末樹脂である上記[６]に記載する高耐久性裏込めグラウト材。
〔８〕上記減水剤の含有量が上記セメントに対して０.０５質量％以上～１.０質量％以下、上記凝結調整剤の含有量が上記セメントに対して０.０～３.０質量％以下である上記[１]～上記[７]の何れかに記載する高耐久性裏込めグラウト材。
〔９〕上記グラウト材を水グラウト材比（Ｗ/Ｂ）３５～６５％で練り混ぜたグラウトのＪＡ漏斗流下試験の流下時間が３０秒以下であり、水和硬化後のグラウトの材齢２時間の圧縮強度が２Ｎ／ｍｍ2
以上であることを特徴とする上記[１]～上記[８]の何れかに記載する高耐久性裏込めグラウト材。
〔１０〕上記[１]～上記[９]の何れかに記載する上記裏込めグラウト材によって形成された材齢７日の圧縮強度が２０Ｎ/mm２以上であることを特徴とする高耐久性裏込めグラウト。
The present invention relates to a backfilling grout material having the following configuration.
[1] A backfill grout material for concrete pavement slabs, which is mainly composed of cement and contains a rapid hardening material, fibers, a water reducing agent, and a setting modifier, wherein the fibers are dissociable bundled fibers that maintain a bundled state before dry mixing and disintegrate into single fibers after dry mixing, the bundled fibers are bound together with straight silicone oil or modified silicone oil, the oil content is 1.0% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less with respect to the fibers, the fiber surface has water repellency due to the oil, and when the grout material is mixed with water to make grout, the water repellency causes the fibers to disperse in the grout, and the aggregation rate of the bundled
[2] The highly durable backfilling grout material described in [1] above, in which the bundled fibers are short fibers having a fiber length of 2 to 4 mm, each of which is made by bundling 300 to 1,200 single fibers having a fiber diameter of 10 to 30 μm into one bundle.
[3] A highly durable backfilling grout material according to either [1] or [2] above, in which the content of the dissociable bundled fibers is 0.05% by volume or more and less than 0.40% by volume of the grout.
[4] A highly durable backfilling grout material according to any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the dissociable bundled fibers are aramid fibers.
[5] A highly durable backfilling grout material according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the content of the fast-hardening agent is 8% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less relative to the cement.
[6] A highly durable backfilling grout material according to any one of [1] to [5] above, which contains a re-emulsified powdered resin and has a content of the re-emulsified powdered resin of 3.0% by mass or more and 6.0% by mass or less in terms of the total weight of the backfilling grout material.
[7] The highly durable backfilling grout material according to the above [6], wherein the re-emulsified powdered resin is an acrylic re-emulsified powdered resin.
[8] A highly durable backfilling grout material according to any one of [1] to [7] above, wherein the content of the water reducing agent is 0.05% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less relative to the cement, and the content of the setting regulator is 0.0 to 3.0% by mass or less relative to the cement.
[9] A highly durable backfill grout material according to any one of [1] to [8] above, characterized in that the flow time of a grout mixed with the grout material at a water to water ratio (W/B) of 35 to 65% in a JA funnel flow test is 30 seconds or less, and the compressive strength of the grout after hydration and hardening at 2 hours is 2 N/mm2 or more .
[10] A highly durable backfilling grout formed by the backfilling grout material described in any one of [1] to [9] above, characterized in that the compressive strength at 7 days of age is 20 N / mm 2 or more.
〔具体的な説明〕
本発明の裏込めグラウト材（以下、グラウト材と云う）は、セメントを主成分とし、速硬材、繊維、減水剤、および凝結調整剤を含むコンクリート舗装版用裏込めグラウト材であって、上記繊維は乾式混合前においては集束状態を保ち乾式混合後には単繊維に解繊する解離性の集束繊維であり、該集束繊維はストレートシリコンオイルまたは変性シリコンオイルの油で一体化され、該油の含有率は該繊維に対して１.０質量％以上～５.０質量％以下であって、該繊維表面が該油による撥水性を有し、該グラウト材と水を練り混ぜてグラウトにしたときに、該撥水性によって該繊維がグラウト中に分散し、練り混ぜ開始２分後の該集束繊維の凝集率が２０％以下であることを特徴とする高耐久性裏込めグラウト材であり、好ましくは、上記集束繊維は、繊維径１０～３０μｍの単繊維を３００～１２００本を束にして一本化した、繊維長２～４ｍｍの短繊維である高耐久性裏込めグラウト材である。
[Specific explanation]
The backfilling grout material of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as grout material) is a backfilling grout material for concrete pavement slabs that contains cement as a main component and includes a rapid hardening agent, fibers, a water reducing agent, and a setting regulator, and the fibers are detachable bundled fibers that maintain a bundled state before dry mixing and defibrate into single fibers after dry mixing, and the bundled fibers are integrated with straight silicone oil or modified silicone oil, and the content of the oil is 1.0% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less based on the fibers. The highly durable backfilling grout material is characterized in that the fiber surface has water repellency due to the oil, and when the grout material is mixed with water to form a grout , the fibers are dispersed in the grout due to the water repellency, and the aggregation rate of the bundled
本発明のグラウト材はセメントを主成分とする。セメントは普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメント、高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント、または白色セメントなどを使用することができる。 The grout material of the present invention is mainly composed of cement. The cement may be ordinary Portland cement, high-early-strength Portland cement, moderate-heat Portland cement, blast-furnace cement, fly ash cement, or white cement.
本発明のグラウト材は速硬材を含む。速硬材は、Ｃ１２Ａ７などのカルシウムアルミネート粉砕物（ブレーン比表面積４０００～６０００cm２/g）と無水石膏（ブレーン比表面積５０００～１２０００cm２/g）の混合物、超速硬セメント、アルミナセメントなどを用いることができる。カルシウムアルミネート粉砕物と無水石膏の混合物からなる速硬材は、カルシウムアルミネート粉砕物と無水石膏が概ね４０：６０～６０：４０質量比含まれている。市販品としては、例えば三菱マテリアル社製のコーカエーススーパー（商品名）などを用いることができる。 The grout material of the present invention includes a rapid hardening material. The rapid hardening material may be a mixture of calcium aluminate pulverized material such as C12A7 (Blaine specific surface area 4000-6000 cm2 /g) and anhydrous gypsum (Blaine specific surface area 5000-12000 cm2 /g), ultra rapid hardening cement, alumina cement, or the like. The rapid hardening material consisting of a mixture of calcium aluminate pulverized material and anhydrous gypsum contains calcium aluminate pulverized material and anhydrous gypsum in a mass ratio of about 40:60 to 60:40. As a commercially available product, for example, Coke Ace Super (product name) manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation may be used.
速硬材の含有量は、セメントに対して８質量％以上～４０質量％以下が好ましい。速硬材の含有量が上記範囲であることによって、グラウトの材齢２時間の圧縮強度を２Ｎ/mm２以上に高めることができる。速硬材の含有量が８質量％未満では材齢２時間の圧縮強度を上記強度に高めるのが難しい。一方、速硬材の含有量が４０質量％を超えると原料のコストが高くなるので好ましくない。 The content of the fast-hardening additive is preferably 8% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less relative to the cement. By having the content of the fast-hardening additive in the above range, the 2-hour compressive strength of the grout can be increased to 2 N/mm2 or more. If the content of the fast-hardening additive is less than 8% by mass, it is difficult to increase the 2-hour compressive strength to the above-mentioned level. On the other hand, if the content of the fast-hardening additive exceeds 40% by mass, the cost of the raw material increases, which is not preferable.
本発明のグラウト材は繊維を含み、該繊維は解離性の集束繊維である。集束繊維とは複数の単繊維が一体化された繊維の集束体であって、解離性の集束繊維とはセメント等との乾式混合後には単繊維に解繊する集束繊維であり、さらにグラウト材を水と練り混ぜたときに凝集し難い性質を有する集束繊維を云う。具体的には、例えば、練り混ぜ２分後の凝集率Ｓが２０％以下の集束繊維である。 The grout material of the present invention contains fibers, which are detachable bundled fibers. A bundled fiber is a fiber bundle in which multiple single fibers are integrated, and a detachable bundled fiber is a bundled fiber that breaks down into single fibers after dry mixing with cement or the like, and further refers to a bundled fiber that has the property of being difficult to agglomerate when the grout material is mixed with water. Specifically, for example, the bundled fiber has an agglomeration rate S of 20% or less two minutes after mixing.
上記凝集率Ｓとは、配合した繊維の全量に対する練り混ぜ時に生じる凝集物量の質量比であり、例えば、次式[１]によって表される。なお、本発明において凝集物とは、篩の開き目４mmの篩上残留物である。
凝集率Ｓ＝（Ｇ/Ｍ）×１００ ・・・[１]
（Ｍは配合した繊維の全質量、Ｇは凝集物質量）
The agglomeration rate S is the mass ratio of the amount of agglomerates generated during kneading to the total amount of blended fibers, and is expressed, for example, by the following formula [1]. In the present invention, the agglomerates refer to residues on a sieve with an opening of 4 mm.
Coagulation rate S = (G/M) x 100... [1]
(M is the total mass of the blended fibers, and G is the amount of aggregated material)
解離性の集束繊維は、樹脂などの結着剤によって固めたものではなく、複数の単繊維の間に水や油を含ませて束にした状態で乾燥し、分子間力などによって一体化したものである。油は例えばストレートシリコンオイル、変性シリコンオイルなどが用いられる。油の含有率(含油率)は繊維に対して１.０質量％以上～５.０質量％以下が好ましい。 Dissociable bundled fibers are not solidified with a binder such as resin, but are made by soaking multiple single fibers in water or oil between them, bundling them, drying them, and holding them together through intermolecular forces. For example, straight silicone oil or modified silicone oil is used. The oil content (oil content) is preferably 1.0% to 5.0% by mass of the fiber.
油で処理した集束繊維は、グラウト材の乾式混合後に単繊維に解繊するが、繊維表面が撥水性を有するので、水を加えた練り混ぜの際に、この撥水性によって水の存在下で繊維どうしが絡み合うことなく、グラウト中に分散する性質を有する。このため、練り混ぜ時に凝集（ダマ）を生じ難く、凝集率Ｓが小さい。一方、油で処理されていない集束繊維は、油の代わりに水を含むので親水性が良く、練り混ぜ時に凝集物を生じやすく、凝集率Ｓが大きい。本発明で用いる集束繊維は、主に油処理された集束繊維であり、練り混ぜ時に凝集し難いので凝集率が小さい。 The oil-treated bundled fibers are defibrated into single fibers after dry mixing of the grout material, but because the fiber surface is water-repellent, when water is added and mixed, this water-repellent property allows the fibers to disperse in the grout without entangling with each other in the presence of water. For this reason, they are less likely to form clumps (lumps) when mixed, and the cohesion rate S is small. On the other hand, bundled fibers that are not oil-treated contain water instead of oil, so they are hydrophilic and are more likely to form clumps when mixed, and the cohesion rate S is large. The bundled fibers used in this invention are mainly oil-treated bundled fibers, which are less likely to form clumps when mixed, and therefore have a low cohesion rate.
このように、本発明において用いる解離性の集束繊維は、乾式混合時には集束状態を保つので凝集し難く、さらに水を加えた練り混ぜ時には、油の撥水性などによって凝集を生じ難く、凝集率Ｓが２０％以下であり、該グラウト材と水を練り混ぜてグラウトにしたときに、該撥水性によって該繊維がグラウト中に均一に分散する。
In this way, the dissociable bundled fibers used in the present invention maintain their bundled state during dry mixing and are therefore less likely to agglomerate, and when mixed with water, they are less likely to agglomerate due to the water repellency of the oil, etc., and have an agglomeration rate S of 20% or less.When the grout material is mixed with water to make grout, the water repellency allows the fibers to be uniformly dispersed in the grout.
上記解離性の集束繊維は、例えば、繊維径が約１０～約３０μｍの単繊維を約３００～約１２００本を束にして一体化したものである。集束繊維の一体化した形状は平板状でもよく、また棒状でもよい。このような解離性の集束繊維を含むことによって、該集束繊維が単繊維に解繊してグラウト中にダマを形成し難いのでグラウトの強度が増し疲労耐久性が向上する。 The above-mentioned dissociable bundled fibers are, for example, bundles of about 300 to about 1200 single fibers with a fiber diameter of about 10 to about 30 μm. The integrated shape of the bundled fibers may be flat or rod-like. By including such dissociable bundled fibers, the bundled fibers are less likely to break down into single fibers and form lumps in the grout, increasing the strength of the grout and improving fatigue resistance.
上記解離性の集束繊維は繊維長２～４mmの短繊維が好ましい。適度な長さの単繊維を集束して集束繊維にした後に２～４mmの繊維長に切断すればよい。繊維長２～４mmの集束繊維を用いることによって、グラウトの練り混ぜ時に繊維のダマが少なくフレッシュグラウトの流動性も良好に保たれる。 The above-mentioned dissociable bundled fibers are preferably short fibers with a fiber length of 2 to 4 mm. Single fibers of an appropriate length are bundled to form bundled fibers, which are then cut to a fiber length of 2 to 4 mm. By using bundled fibers with a fiber length of 2 to 4 mm, there are fewer lumps of fibers when the grout is mixed, and the fluidity of the fresh grout is well maintained.
上記解離性の集束繊維の含有量は、グラウトに対して０.０５体積％以上～０.４０体積％未満が良く、０.１５体積％以上～０.２５体積％以下がより好ましい。該集束繊維の含有量が０.０５体積％より少ないと補強効果が不十分になり、０.４０体積％を上回るとフレッシュグラウトの流動性が低下するので好ましくない。さらに、該集束繊維は繊維長２～４mmの短繊維が良く、繊維長６mm以上の繊維量は０.１体積％未満が好ましい。繊維長６mm以上の繊維は繊維長が長いので凝集し易く、グラウトを２分間練り混ぜた後の上記凝集率Ｓが２０％を上回る場合があり、この繊維長６mm以上の繊維量が０.１体積％より多いと流動性が低下するので、好ましくない。 The content of the dissociable bundled fibers is preferably 0.05% to less than 0.40% by volume relative to the grout, and more preferably 0.15% to 0.25% by volume. If the content of the bundled fibers is less than 0.05% by volume, the reinforcing effect is insufficient, and if it exceeds 0.40% by volume, the fluidity of the fresh grout decreases, which is not preferable. Furthermore, the bundled fibers are preferably short fibers with a fiber length of 2 to 4 mm, and the amount of fibers with a fiber length of 6 mm or more is preferably less than 0.1% by volume. Fibers with a fiber length of 6 mm or more are prone to agglomeration due to their long fiber length, and the agglomeration rate S after the grout is mixed for 2 minutes may exceed 20%, and if the amount of fibers with a fiber length of 6 mm or more is more than 0.1% by volume, the fluidity decreases, which is not preferable.
上記解離性の集束繊維の材質は、ポリアミド繊維（商品名アラミド繊維）、ポリビニルアルコール繊維（商品名ビニロン繊維）、または炭素繊維などを用いることができる。このうちアラミド繊維は引張強度が３５０kg/mm２と高いため、少量でグラウトの疲労耐久性を高めることができるので好ましい。 The material of the detachable bundled fibers may be polyamide fiber (trade name: aramid fiber), polyvinyl alcohol fiber (trade name: vinylon fiber), carbon fiber, etc. Among these, aramid fiber is preferred because it has a high tensile strength of 350 kg/ mm2 and can increase the fatigue durability of the grout with a small amount.
本発明のグラウト材は、再乳化粉末樹脂を含有することができる。再乳化粉末樹脂は、ゴムラテックスおよび樹脂エマルションに安定剤などを加えて乾燥した再乳化可能な粉末状樹脂であり、日本産業規格（JIS A 6203）に定められている。再乳化粉末樹脂としては、例えば、アクリル系、アクリル－ベオバ系、ＥＶＡ（エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体）系、ＳＢＲ（スチレン・ブタジエンゴム）系などが知られている。グラウトの疲労耐久性をより高めるにはアクリル系が好ましい。 The grout material of the present invention can contain re-emulsified powdered resin. Re-emulsified powdered resin is a re-emulsifiable powdered resin obtained by adding stabilizers to rubber latex and resin emulsion and drying them, and is specified in the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS A 6203). Known examples of re-emulsified powdered resins include acrylic, acrylic-veova, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) and SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber). Acrylic resins are preferred to further increase the fatigue durability of the grout.
再乳化粉末樹脂を含有することによって、速硬材を多くしてもグラウトの疲労耐久性を高めることができる。具体的には、本発明のグラウト材は、速硬材の含有量８質量％以上～４０質量％以下と共に、再乳化粉末樹脂をグラウト材の内割で３.０～６.０質量％含有することによって、フレッシュグラウトについてＪＡ漏斗流下時間が３０秒以下の流動性を保ち、グラウトの疲労耐久性を高めることができる。再乳化粉末樹脂の含有量が３.０質量％未満では上記効果が乏しく、６.０質量％を超えると練り混ぜの際に水分が不足して流動性が悪くなる。 By including re-emulsified powdered resin, the fatigue durability of the grout can be increased even if the fast-hardening agent is increased. Specifically, the grout material of the present invention contains 8% to 40% by mass of fast-hardening agent and 3.0 to 6.0% by mass of re-emulsified powdered resin, thereby maintaining the fluidity of the fresh grout so that the JA funnel flow time is 30 seconds or less, and increasing the fatigue durability of the grout. If the content of re-emulsified powdered resin is less than 3.0% by mass, the above effect is poor, and if it exceeds 6.0% by mass, there will be a lack of water during mixing, resulting in poor fluidity.
なお、特許文献３の裏込めグラウト材では、再乳化粉末樹脂の含有量はセメントの０.５～８質量％が好ましいことが示されているが、この裏込めグラウト材の速硬材含有量はセメントに対して１～６質量％に限定されており、しかも、その実施例での速硬材の量は３質量％であって、再乳化粉末樹脂の量は２質量％である。従って、セメントに対して８～４０質量％の速硬材に対して、再乳化粉末樹脂を上記含有量用いたときの効果を特許文献３から窺い知ることは全くできない。 In addition, in the backfilling grout material of Patent Document 3, it is indicated that the content of re-emulsified powdered resin is preferably 0.5 to 8 mass% of the cement, but the content of the fast-hardening agent in this backfilling grout material is limited to 1 to 6 mass% relative to the cement, and moreover, the amount of the fast-hardening agent in the examples is 3 mass%, and the amount of the re-emulsified powdered resin is 2 mass%. Therefore, it is not possible to infer from Patent Document 3 the effect of using the above amount of re-emulsified powdered resin for a fast-hardening agent of 8 to 40 mass% relative to the cement.
本発明のグラウト材は水中不分離剤を含むことができる。水中不分離剤としては、ＭＣ（メチルセルロース）、ＨＰＭＣ（ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース）、ＨＥＭＣ（ヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース）、ＨＭＰポリマー（変性アクリルアミドモノマー）、グアーガム誘導体（ヒドロキシプロピルグアー）などを使用することができる。 The grout material of the present invention may contain an underwater non-separating agent. Examples of underwater non-separating agents that may be used include MC (methyl cellulose), HPMC (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose), HEMC (hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose), HMP polymer (modified acrylamide monomer), and guar gum derivatives (hydroxypropyl guar).
本発明のグラウト材は減水剤を含む。所定量の減水剤を含むことによって、フレッシュグラウトの流動性が改善され、自然流下によってコンクリート舗装版下の隙間へ注入することが可能となる。減水剤の含有量はセメントに対して０.０５～１.０質量％が好ましい。減水剤の含有量が０.０５質量％未満では減水剤の効果が乏しく、１.０質量％を超えるとグラウトの流動性が過剰となって材料分離を生じ、繊維がグラウトの上面に浮いてくることがある。減水剤としては市販品のポリカルボン酸塩系高性能減水剤（商品名メルフラックス等）などを用いることができる。 The grout material of the present invention contains a water reducing agent. By including a specified amount of water reducing agent, the fluidity of the fresh grout is improved, making it possible to inject it into gaps under the concrete pavement slab by gravity. The content of the water reducing agent is preferably 0.05 to 1.0% by mass relative to the cement. If the content of the water reducing agent is less than 0.05% by mass, the effect of the water reducing agent is poor, and if it exceeds 1.0% by mass, the fluidity of the grout becomes excessive, causing material separation and fibers to float to the top surface of the grout. As the water reducing agent, a commercially available polycarboxylate-based high-performance water reducing agent (product name Melflux, etc.) can be used.
本発明のグラウト材は凝結調整剤を含む。凝結調整剤としては、無機炭酸塩、無機硫酸塩、オキシカルボン酸、オキシカルボン酸塩などを用いることができる。凝結調整剤を含有することによって、ゲル化までの適度な時間（凝結開始までの時間）を確保して施工時の良好な流動性を維持すると共に、上記時間経過後はゲル化の進行によってブリーディングの発生を抑え、またグラウトの粘性が高まることによってグラウト中の短繊維の分離が抑制されて短繊維の分散性が向上する。 The grout material of the present invention contains a setting regulator. Examples of setting regulators that can be used include inorganic carbonates, inorganic sulfates, oxycarboxylic acids, and oxycarboxylates. By including a setting regulator, an appropriate time until gelation (time until setting begins) is ensured, maintaining good fluidity during application, and after the above-mentioned time has elapsed, the occurrence of bleeding is suppressed as gelation progresses, and the viscosity of the grout is increased, suppressing the separation of short fibers in the grout and improving the dispersion of the short fibers.
凝結調整剤の含有量はセメントに対して０.０～３.０質量％が好ましい。凝結調整剤の含有量が３.０質量％を超えると、凝結開始までの時間が長すぎて短繊維がグラウト表面に偏在する材料分離を生じやすくなる。 The content of the set regulator is preferably 0.0 to 3.0% by mass relative to the cement. If the content of the set regulator exceeds 3.0% by mass, the time until setting begins is too long, and short fibers are more likely to be unevenly distributed on the grout surface, resulting in material separation.
本発明のグラウト材は無機フィラーを含有してもよい。無機フィラーとしては道路用普通炭酸カルシウム粉末、フライアッシュ、シリカフューム等を用いることができる。このうち道路用普通炭酸カルシウム粉末やフライアッシュ等が好ましく、道路用普通炭酸カルシウム等が特に好ましい。 The grout material of the present invention may contain an inorganic filler. Examples of inorganic fillers that can be used include ordinary calcium carbonate powder for roads, fly ash, and silica fume. Of these, ordinary calcium carbonate powder for roads and fly ash are preferred, and ordinary calcium carbonate for roads is particularly preferred.
本発明のグラウト材は、これに水を加えて混練したときに、水グラウト材比（Ｗ/Ｂ）３５～６５％で練り混ぜたグラウトにおいて、コンクリート標準示方書（規準編）（JSCE F-531-2018「ＰＣグラウトの流動性試験方法（案）」［土木学会］）に規定されるＪＡ漏斗流下試験の流下時間が３０秒以下の流動性を有する。なお、以下の説明においてＪＡ漏斗流下試験とは土木学会による上記規格に基づくＪＡ漏斗流下試験である。流下時間が３０秒を超えると流動性が低いため、コンクリート舗装版下の空隙に良好に注入し難くなる。なお、水グラウト材比（Ｗ/Ｂ）が３５％未満では所要の流動性を得ることができず、ＪＡ漏斗試験の流下時間は概ね３５秒を超える。一方、水グラウト材比（Ｗ/Ｂ）が６５％を超えるとブリーディングを抑制することが難しくなる。 When the grout material of the present invention is mixed with water, the grout mixed at a water/grout ratio (W/B) of 35 to 65% has a flowability of 30 seconds or less in the JA funnel flow test specified in the Standard Specifications for Concrete (Standards Edition) (JSCE F-531-2018 "Test Method for Flowability of PC Grout (Draft)" [JSCE]). In the following explanation, the JA funnel flow test is a JA funnel flow test based on the above standard by the JSCE. If the flow time exceeds 30 seconds, the flow is low, making it difficult to inject well into the voids under the concrete pavement slab. If the water/grout ratio (W/B) is less than 35%, the required flowability cannot be obtained, and the flow time in the JA funnel test generally exceeds 35 seconds. On the other hand, if the water/grout ratio (W/B) exceeds 65%, it becomes difficult to suppress bleeding.
本発明のグラウト材からなるグラウトは、材齢７日以上の長期強度に優れており、繰返し荷重に対して高い耐粉状化性を有しており、疲労耐久性に優れている。長期強度について、具体的には、材齢７日以上の圧縮強度は２０Ｎ/mm２以上である。
The grout made of the grout material of the present invention has excellent long-term strength at an age of 7 days or more, has high resistance to powdering under repeated load, and is excellent in fatigue durability. Specifically, the long-term strength is 20 N/ mm2 or more at an age of 7 days or more.
グラウトの疲労耐久性は、水浸ホイールトラッキング試験方法（舗装調査・試験法便覧（社団法人日本道路協会編（平成３１年）））に規定されたホイールトラッキング試験等より評価することができる。疲労耐久性は、グラウト下面に発生するひずみを直接測定し、また、実構造物でグラウトに発生するひずみを３次元有限要素解析により計算し、この計算値を用いて、コンクリート標準示方書 設計編（２０１７年制定）［土木学会］に示されるコンクリートの疲労強度式に準じて評価することができる。 The fatigue durability of grout can be evaluated by a wheel tracking test specified in the Water Immersion Wheel Tracking Test Method (Pavement Survey and Test Method Handbook (Japan Road Association, 2019)). Fatigue durability can be evaluated by directly measuring the strain generated on the underside of the grout and calculating the strain generated in the grout in an actual structure using 3D finite element analysis, and using these calculated values, in accordance with the fatigue strength formula for concrete shown in the Standard Specifications for Concrete, Design Edition (established in 2017) [Japan Society of Civil Engineers].
本発明のグラウト材は解離性の集束繊維を含むことによって、フレッシュグラウトの良好な流動性を維持しつつ、グラウトの高い初期強度を有している。該集束繊維は乾式混合時には凝集を生じ難く、均一に分散する。一方、集束されていない繊維を用いると、乾式混合（プレミックス）時にダマになりやすく、均一に分散させることができない。また、解離性の集束繊維は、油処理されたものは、表面が撥水性を有するので水の存在下で、この撥水性によって繊維どうしが絡むことなく分散し、グラウト中に均一に分散する。このためグラウトの疲労耐久性を高めることができる。 The grout material of the present invention contains dissociable bundled fibers, which allows the grout to have high initial strength while maintaining the good fluidity of fresh grout. The bundled fibers are less likely to aggregate during dry mixing and disperse uniformly. On the other hand, if unbundled fibers are used, they tend to form lumps during dry mixing (premix) and cannot be dispersed uniformly. In addition, dissociable bundled fibers that have been treated with oil have a water-repellent surface, so in the presence of water, this water-repellent property allows the fibers to disperse without entangling with each other, and they are uniformly dispersed in the grout. This allows the fatigue durability of the grout to be improved.
本発明のグラウトは材齢２時間の圧縮強度が２Ｎ/mm２以上である。従って、施工後に短時間での供用が求められる環境下での使用に適する。例えば、空港施設でのエプロンなどの舗装補修では、施工後数時間程度の短時間で供用できることが必要になるが、本発明のグラウト材はこのような短時間での供用が可能になる。 The grout of the present invention has a compressive strength of 2 N/mm2 or more at 2 hours. Therefore, it is suitable for use in environments where it is required to be in service in a short time after construction. For example, in the repair of pavement such as an apron at an airport facility, it is necessary to be able to be in service in a short time of about several hours after construction, and the grout material of the present invention makes it possible to be in service in such a short time.
本発明の再乳化粉末樹脂を含むグラウト材は、速硬材の含有量を多くして材齢２時間の初期強度を高める場合に、繰返し荷重に対する疲労耐久性を高めている。 The grout material containing the re-emulsified powdered resin of the present invention has improved fatigue durability against repeated loads when the content of fast-hardening additive is increased to increase the initial strength at two hours of age.
さらに、本発明のグラウト材は流動性が良く、水グラウト材比（Ｗ/Ｂ）３５～６５％において練り混ぜたグラウトの、ＪＡ漏斗試験の流下時間が３０秒以下である。このため、例えば、０.４ｍ×４.５ｍ×隙間５ｍｍのコンクリート舗装版の裏側に自然流下で充填することができる。さらに、荷重に対する変位の追随性が良好である。 Furthermore, the grout material of the present invention has good fluidity, and the flow time of the grout mixed at a water-to-grout ratio (W/B) of 35 to 65% in the JA funnel test is 30 seconds or less. Therefore, for example, it can be filled under gravity flow into the back side of a concrete pavement slab measuring 0.4 m x 4.5 m x 5 mm gap. Furthermore, it has good displacement response to load.
本発明のグラウトは、具体的には、例えば、上記ＷＴ試験（ホイールトラッキング試験）において、厚さ５mmの載荷版（ポリカーボネイト版）を用いた条件下で、２０００回の繰返し荷重でのひび割れ密度は０.００２％程度であり、従来のグラウト材よりも、ひび割れ密度が格段に小さく、繰返し荷重に対して高い疲労耐久性を有している。 Specifically, for example, in the above-mentioned WT test (wheel tracking test), the grout of the present invention has a crack density of about 0.002% after 2000 repeated loads under conditions using a 5 mm thick loading plate (polycarbonate plate), which is significantly smaller than the crack density of conventional grout materials and has high fatigue durability against repeated loads.
さらに、本発明のグラウトは材齢７日の圧縮強度が２０Ｎ/mm２以上であり、十分な長期強度を有しており、さらに繰返し荷重に対して高い疲労耐久性を有しているので、航空機や大型車両による繰返し荷重を受けても、疲労による粉状化を生じ難い。従って、航空機や大型車両が出入りする空港や港湾施設等のコンテナヤードなどの舗装版の裏込めグラウトとして好適に用いることができる。 Furthermore, the grout of the present invention has a compressive strength of 20 N/mm2 or more at 7 days, and has sufficient long-term strength. Furthermore, it has high fatigue resistance against repeated loads, so it is unlikely to pulverize due to fatigue even when subjected to repeated loads from aircraft or large vehicles. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a backfill grout for pavement slabs in container yards at airports and port facilities where aircraft and large vehicles enter and exit.
以下、本発明の実施例を比較例と共に示す。表１に使用材料を示す。表２にベースグラウト材の配合比を示す。 Below, examples of the present invention are shown together with comparative examples. Table 1 shows the materials used. Table 2 shows the mix ratio of the base grout material.
〔実施例１〕
表２に示す配合比のベースグラウト材に、表１に示す集束繊維Ａ（表面油処理：含油率２質量％、含水率０質量％）を該グラウトに対して繊維添加率が０.２０体積％になるように配合して乾式混合し、粉状のグラウト材を製造した。乾式混合終了後、網目の開き４mmの篩に粉状のグラウト材を載せて凝集物Ｇ１を回収し、上記式[１]によって凝集率(Ｓ１)を求めた。
次に、水グラウト材比５０％になるように水を加えて２分間練り混ぜた。練り混ぜ終了後に網目の開き４mmの篩にスラリー状のグラウトを通じて凝集物Ｇ２を回収し、上記式[１]によって凝集率(Ｓ２)を求めた。また、ＪＡ漏斗試験の流下時間を測定した。この結果を表３に示した（本発明試料）。
Example 1
A powdered grout material was produced by dry mixing the base grout material having the composition shown in Table 2 with the bundled fiber A shown in Table 1 (surface oil treatment:
Next, water was added so that the water to grout ratio was 50%, and the mixture was mixed for 2 minutes. After mixing, the slurry grout was passed through a sieve with a mesh opening of 4 mm to recover the aggregate G2, and the aggregation rate ( S2 ) was calculated using the above formula [1]. The flow time of the JA funnel test was also measured. The results are shown in Table 3 (sample of the present invention).
一方、比較試料１として、アラミド単繊維を含水させて一体化した繊維体（集束繊維、、表面油処理なし、含水率５％）を用い、これを上記ベースグラウト材に、該グラウトに対して繊維添加率が０.２０体積％になるように配合し、本発明試料と同様にして乾式混合終了後の凝集率(Ｓ１)を求めた。また、水を加えて水グラウト材比５０％でグラウト材を練り混ぜ、練り混ぜ開始２分間後の凝集率(Ｓ２)およびＪＡ漏斗流下時間を求めた。この結果を表３に示した（比較試料１）。
また、比較試料２として、バラのアラミド単繊維を用い、これを上記ベースグラウト材に該グラウトに対して繊維添加率が０．２０体積％となるように配合し、本発明試料と同様にして乾式混合後の凝集率(Ｓ１)、練り混ぜ開始２分間後の凝集率(Ｓ２)およびＪＡ漏斗流下時間を求めた。この結果を表３に示した（比較試料２）。
On the other hand, as
As
表３に示すように、本発明試料は、乾式混合後の凝集率(Ｓ１)および練り混ぜ後の凝集率(Ｓ２)の何れも、比較試料１、２よりも格段に小さく、繊維のダマが生じ難く、グラウト中に単繊維がよく分散されている。そのため、良好な流動性を有しており、ＪＡ漏斗流下時間は２０秒以下である。
一方、比較試料１は、含水状態の集束繊維であり、表面を油処理していないので、繊維体が水に接すると親水性が良いため、練り混ぜ直後から単繊維どうしが絡み合ってダマ（凝集体）が形成される。このため、練り混ぜ後の凝集率(Ｓ２)が３６％と高く、ＪＡ漏斗流下時間も２０秒を超える。
また、比較試料２のアラミド単繊維を用いた場合、乾式混合後の凝集率(Ｓ１)と練り混ぜ後の凝集率(Ｓ２)は本発明試料および比較試料１の何れに比べても大幅に高い。また、流下試験では途中で流路が閉塞している。
As shown in Table 3, the cohesion rate after dry mixing ( S1 ) and the cohesion rate after kneading ( S2 ) of the sample of the present invention are significantly smaller than those of the
On the other hand,
In addition, when the aramid single fiber of
〔実施例２〕
表２に示す配合比のベースグラウトに、表１に示す集束繊維Ａを、表４に示す繊維量を配合して乾式混合し、プレミックスの粉体グラウト材を調製した。これに水を加え、水グラウト材比５０％で２分間練り混ぜてグラウトを調製した。このグラウトについて、フレッシュ性状を目視観察し、以下の試験を行った。これらの結果を表４に示した。
試験方法
ＪＡ漏斗流下試験：コンクリート標準示方書（規準編）（JSCE F-531-2018「ＰＣグラウトの流動性試験方法（案）」［土木学会］）に規定されるＪＡ漏斗流下試験。
圧縮強度：JSCE-G505-2018「円柱供試体を用いたモルタルまたはセメントペーストの圧縮強度試験方法」に準拠。
引張強度：JIS A 1113：2018「コンクリートの割裂引張強度試験方法」に準拠。
曲げ強度：JIS R 5201：2015「セメントの物理試験方法」に準拠。
破壊エネルギー：規格（JSCE-G552「鋼繊維補強コンクリートの曲げ強度および曲げタフネス試験方法」）に準じて行った。破壊エネルギーは試験開始時から破断点のあいだの荷重－たわみ線図で囲まれる面積に基づいて算出。本実施例においては、変位５ｍｍまでの荷重－たわみ線図で囲まれる面積に基づいて算出した。
試験結果
グラウトのフレッシュ性状は、繊維量０.２５体積％までは良好であるが、繊維量が０.４０体積％になるとファイバーボールが多く、グラウトのフレッシュ性状が劣化した。繊維量０.０５体積％～０.２５体積％では流下時間が２０秒以下であって流動性が良く、引張強度、曲げ強度、破壊エネルギーが向上する。繊維量０.１５体積％～０.２５体積％では引張強度および曲げ強度が高い。従って、グラウトに配合される集束繊維Ａの繊維量は０.０５体積％以上～０.４０体積％未満が良く、０.１５体積％～０.２５体積％が好ましい。
Example 2
A premixed powder grout material was prepared by dry mixing the bundled fiber A shown in Table 1 with the base grout of the mix ratio shown in Table 2 in the amount of fiber shown in Table 4. Water was added to this and the grout was kneaded for 2 minutes at a water to grout ratio of 50% to prepare grout. The fresh properties of this grout were visually observed and the following tests were performed. The results are shown in Table 4.
Test method
JA funnel flow test: The JA funnel flow test specified in the Standard Specifications for Concrete (Criteria) (JSCE F-531-2018 "Test method for fluidity of PC grout (draft)" [Japan Society of Civil Engineers]).
Compressive strength: Compliant with JSCE-G505-2018 "Test method for compressive strength of mortar or cement paste using cylindrical specimens."
Tensile strength: Complies with JIS A 1113:2018 "Test method for splitting tensile strength of concrete."
Bending strength: Complies with JIS R 5201:2015 "Physical testing methods for cement."
Fracture energy: The test was performed according to the standard (JSCE-G552 "Test method for bending strength and bending toughness of steel fiber reinforced concrete"). The fracture energy was calculated based on the area enclosed by the load-deflection diagram from the start of the test to the breaking point. In this example, the calculation was based on the area enclosed by the load-deflection diagram up to a displacement of 5 mm.
Test results
The fresh properties of the grout are good up to a fiber content of 0.25% by volume, but when the fiber content reaches 0.40% by volume, there are many fiber balls and the fresh properties of the grout deteriorate. When the fiber content is 0.05% to 0.25% by volume, the flow time is 20 seconds or less, the fluidity is good, and the tensile strength, bending strength, and breaking energy are improved. When the fiber content is 0.15% to 0.25% by volume, the tensile strength and bending strength are high. Therefore, the fiber content of bundled fiber A mixed into the grout should be 0.05% to less than 0.40% by volume, and 0.15% to 0.25% by volume is preferable.
〔実施例３〕
表２に示す配合のベースグラウト材に、表５に示す配合量の再乳化粉末樹脂を加えた。また、集束繊維Ａをグラウトに対して０.０５体積％加え、水グラウト材比５０％で練り混ぜ、グラウト（試料A1～A5）を調製した。この試料（A1～A5）について、ＪＡ漏斗流下試験を規格（JSCE-F531-2018）に準拠して行った。また、圧縮強度試験を行い、静弾性係数を測定した。
圧縮強度試験は、φ５×１０cmの試験体を使用し、規格（JSCE-G505-2018：土木学会基準「円柱供試体を用いたモルタルまたはセメントペーストの圧縮強度試験方法（案）」）に準拠し、材齢２時間および7日の圧縮強度を測定した。
静弾性係数は、φ５×１０cmの試験体を使用し、規格（JIS A 1149：2017「コンクリートの静弾性係数試験方法」に準じて材齢７日の静弾性係数を測定した。
この結果を表６に示す。
Example 3
The re-emulsified powder resin in the amount shown in Table 5 was added to the base grout material with the composition shown in Table 2. In addition, 0.05% by volume of bundled fiber A was added to the grout, and the grout material was mixed with a water-grout ratio of 50% to prepare grouts (samples A1 to A5). For these samples (A1 to A5), a JA funnel flow test was performed in accordance with the standard (JSCE-F531-2018). In addition, a compressive strength test was performed to measure the static elastic modulus.
The compressive strength tests were conducted using specimens measuring φ5 x 10 cm, in accordance with the standard (JSCE-G505-2018: Japan Society of Civil Engineers standard "Compressive strength test method for mortar or cement paste using cylindrical specimens (draft)"), and the compressive strength was measured at ages of 2 hours and 7 days.
The static elastic modulus was measured using a φ5 × 10 cm test piece at 7 days of age in accordance with the standard (JIS A 1149: 2017 "Test method for static elastic modulus of concrete".
The results are shown in Table 6.
表６に示すように、再乳化粉末樹脂の配合量が３～５質量％の範囲では練混ぜ状態が良好であり、６質量％になると水とやや馴染み難いが、流下時間および材齢２時間の圧縮強度は良好である。一方、再乳化粉末樹脂の配合量が７質量％になると、均一に練混ぜるまでの時間が掛かる。従って、再乳化粉末樹脂の含有量はグラウト材の内割りで３～６質量％が好ましい。また、本発明の試料Ａ２～Ａ４は何れも材齢２時間の圧縮強度が４N/mm２以上であり、目標強度２N/mm２を上回っている。 As shown in Table 6, when the amount of re-emulsified powdered resin is in the range of 3 to 5 mass%, the mixing state is good, and when it is 6 mass%, it is not very compatible with water, but the flow time and compressive strength at 2 hours are good. On the other hand, when the amount of re-emulsified powdered resin is 7 mass%, it takes time to mix uniformly. Therefore, the content of re-emulsified powdered resin is preferably 3 to 6 mass% in terms of the ratio of the grout material. In addition, the compressive strength at 2 hours for all of samples A2 to A4 of the present invention is 4 N/mm2 or more, exceeding the target strength of 2 N/mm2.
〔実施例４〕
表２のベースグラウト材に、表７に示す配合量の再乳化粉末樹脂と、集束繊維Ａ(３mm)、集束繊維Ｂ(６mm)を加え、表７に示す水グラウト材比で練り混ぜ、グラウト（試料B1～B6）を調製した。この試料（B1～B6）について、ＪＡ漏斗流下試験を規格（JSCE-F531-2018）に準拠して行った。さらに充填性試験、破壊エネルギー試験を行った。
充填性試験は、幅４００mm、長さ４５００mm、隙間５mmの試験装置にグラウトを水頭差１０００mmの自然流下で充填し、充填開始から先端までグラウトが届く時間を計測した。破壊エネルギー試験は、２０×１００×４００mmの試験体を用い、万能試験機によって破壊エネルギーを測定した。
ＪＡ漏斗流下試験および充填性試験の結果を表７に示す。破壊エネルギー試験の結果を図１に示す。
Example 4
The re-emulsified powder resin, bundle fiber A (3 mm), and bundle fiber B (6 mm) were added to the base grout material in Table 2 in the amounts shown in Table 7, and mixed at the water-grout material ratio shown in Table 7 to prepare grouts (samples B1 to B6). For these samples (B1 to B6), a JA funnel flow test was performed in accordance with the standard (JSCE-F531-2018). In addition, a filling test and a fracture energy test were performed.
In the filling test, grout was filled into a test device with a width of 400 mm, a length of 4500 mm, and a gap of 5 mm under natural flow with a head difference of 1000 mm, and the time it took for the grout to reach the tip from the start of filling was measured. In the fracture energy test, a 20 x 100 x 400 mm test piece was used, and the fracture energy was measured with a universal testing machine.
The results of the JA funnel flow test and the packability test are shown in Table 7. The results of the fracture energy test are shown in Figure 1.
表７に示すように、再乳化粉末樹脂を含むグラウト材において、集束繊維Ａ(３mm)を０.２５体積％含有する試料Ｂ３は、漏斗の流下時間が２５秒であり、良好な流動性を示しており充填時間も短い。一方、集束繊維Ｂ(６mm)を０.１５体積％含む試料Ｂ４は流下試験の漏斗が閉塞し、集束繊維Ｂ(６mm)を０.１体積％含む試料Ｂ５は充填性試験の途中で注入不可になる。一方、試料B６に示すように、繊維量の合計が０.１体積％であって、集束繊維Ｂ(６mm)の含有量が０.０５体積％であれば、適度な流動性を示し、自然流下で充填することができる。従って、集束繊維の合計含有量は０.０５～０.２５体積％であって、繊維長６mm以上の繊維量は０.１体積％未満が好ましい。 As shown in Table 7, in the grout material containing re-emulsified powder resin, sample B3 containing 0.25% by volume of bundled fiber A (3 mm) has a funnel flow time of 25 seconds, indicating good fluidity and a short filling time. On the other hand, sample B4 containing 0.15% by volume of bundled fiber B (6 mm) clogged the funnel in the flow test, and sample B5 containing 0.1% by volume of bundled fiber B (6 mm) became impossible to inject during the filling test. On the other hand, as shown in sample B6, if the total fiber amount is 0.1% by volume and the content of bundled fiber B (6 mm) is 0.05% by volume, it shows moderate fluidity and can be filled under natural flow. Therefore, it is preferable that the total content of bundled fiber is 0.05 to 0.25% by volume, and the amount of fiber with a fiber length of 6 mm or more is less than 0.1% by volume.
また、図１のグラフに示すように、集束繊維Ａを含むことによって荷重に対する変位が大きく、変位追随性が高くなる（試料B2）。さらに上記再乳化粉末樹脂を含むことによって荷重に対する変位（変位追随性）はさらに大きく良好になる（試料B3）。 As shown in the graph in Figure 1, the inclusion of bundled fiber A results in a large displacement relative to the load, and high displacement tracking (sample B2). Furthermore, the inclusion of the re-emulsified powdered resin results in an even larger and better displacement relative to the load (displacement tracking) (sample B3).
〔実施例５〕
表７の試料Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｂ３についてホイールトラッキング試験を行った。
ホイールトラッキング試験（ＷＴ試験）は、水浸ホイールトラッキング試験方法（舗装調査・試験法便覧（社団法人日本道路協会編（平成１９年６月）））に準拠して行った。試験条件を表８に示す。試験方法の概要を図２、図３に示す。図示するように、模擬路盤材（発泡スチロール）１０の上面に試験体（裏込めグラウト）１１を載せて拘束版１２で押さえ、その上側に載荷版（ポリカーボネイト版：厚さ５mm）１３を設置し、載荷版１３の上側から走行ホイール１４を押し当て、表８に示す走行回数を往復動させ、グラウトが破損する回数を測定した。ＷＴ試験の試験条件を表９に示す。
Example 5
Samples B1, B2, and B3 in Table 7 were subjected to a wheel tracking test.
The wheel tracking test (WT test) was conducted in accordance with the water-immersed wheel tracking test method (Pavement Survey and Test Method Handbook (Japan Road Association, June 2007)). The test conditions are shown in Table 8. The test method is outlined in Figs. 2 and 3. As shown in the figure, a test specimen (backfill grout) 11 was placed on the top surface of a simulated roadbed material (expanded polystyrene) 10 and held down with a restraining
試料Ｂ１はＷＴ試験１５００回で破壊したので試験を打ち切った。繊維の多い試料Ｂ２、Ｂ３はＷＴ試験２０００回においても破壊が認めらなかった。ＷＴ試験２０００回後の板の状態は、試料Ｂ２のひび割れ密度が０.００９％であるのに対して、試料Ｂ３のひび割れ密度は０.００２％であり、本発明の試料Ｂ３はＷＴ試験における疲労耐久性に対する抵抗性が格段に高いことが示された。なお、載荷版５mmの試験で２０００回の結果は、特許文献３の載荷版１０mmの試験では概ね２万回の結果に相当すると考えられる。 Sample B1 broke after 1500 WT tests, so the test was terminated. Samples B2 and B3, which contain a large amount of fiber, did not break even after 2000 WT tests. After 2000 WT tests, the crack density of the plate was 0.009% for sample B2, while that of sample B3 was 0.002%, indicating that sample B3 of the present invention has significantly higher resistance to fatigue durability in WT tests. The results of 2000 tests with a 5mm load plate are thought to be roughly equivalent to the results of 20,000 tests with a 10mm load plate in Patent Document 3.
１０－模擬路盤材（発泡スチロール）、１１－試験体（裏込めグラウト）、
１２－拘束板１２、１３－載荷版（ポリカーボネイト版）、１４－走行ホイール
10-simulated roadbed material (polystyrene foam), 11-test specimen (backfill grout),
12-
Claims (10)
A highly durable backfilling grout formed by the backfilling grout material according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the compressive strength at 7 days of age is 20 N/ mm2 or more.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020015631A JP7473754B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2020-01-31 | Highly durable backfill grout material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020015631A JP7473754B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2020-01-31 | Highly durable backfill grout material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2021123507A JP2021123507A (en) | 2021-08-30 |
| JP7473754B2 true JP7473754B2 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
Family
ID=77459994
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020015631A Active JP7473754B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2020-01-31 | Highly durable backfill grout material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7473754B2 (en) |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004210557A (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-29 | Taiheiyo Material Kk | Grout composition |
| JP2004360136A (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-24 | Unitika Ltd | Staple fiber for reinforcement having excellent loosening property |
| JP2005015236A (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2005-01-20 | Teijin Techno Products Ltd | Aramid short fiber for reinforcing concrete |
| JP2008050214A (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2008-03-06 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Cement composition and method of repair using it |
| JP2008120611A (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-29 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Grout composition, grout mortar and grout construction method |
| JP2008120612A (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-29 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Grout composition, grout mortar and grout construction method |
| JP2011144103A (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2011-07-28 | Port & Airport Research Institute | Backfilling grouting material for concrete paving slab |
| CN106186864A (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-12-07 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of Novel polypropylene fiber concrete and preparation method thereof |
| WO2017171009A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Rapid-hardening mortar composition |
| JP2019011233A (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-24 | 国立研究開発法人 海上・港湾・航空技術研究所 | High pulverization resistant backfill grout and backfill grout material thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-01-31 JP JP2020015631A patent/JP7473754B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004210557A (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-29 | Taiheiyo Material Kk | Grout composition |
| JP2004360136A (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-24 | Unitika Ltd | Staple fiber for reinforcement having excellent loosening property |
| JP2005015236A (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2005-01-20 | Teijin Techno Products Ltd | Aramid short fiber for reinforcing concrete |
| JP2008050214A (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2008-03-06 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Cement composition and method of repair using it |
| JP2008120611A (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-29 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Grout composition, grout mortar and grout construction method |
| JP2008120612A (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-29 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Grout composition, grout mortar and grout construction method |
| JP2011144103A (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2011-07-28 | Port & Airport Research Institute | Backfilling grouting material for concrete paving slab |
| WO2017171009A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Rapid-hardening mortar composition |
| CN106186864A (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-12-07 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of Novel polypropylene fiber concrete and preparation method thereof |
| JP2019011233A (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-24 | 国立研究開発法人 海上・港湾・航空技術研究所 | High pulverization resistant backfill grout and backfill grout material thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2021123507A (en) | 2021-08-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Revilla-Cuesta et al. | Effect of fine recycled concrete aggregate on the mechanical behavior of self-compacting concrete | |
| Hilal | Hardened properties of self-compacting concrete with different crumb rubber size and content | |
| Anastasiou et al. | Behavior of self compacting concrete containing ladle furnace slag and steel fiber reinforcement | |
| CN103866667B (en) | Half flexible Supporting Load Pavement paving structure | |
| Uygunoğlu | Effect of fiber type and content on bleeding of steel fiber reinforced concrete | |
| Siamardi et al. | Evaluation the effect of micro-synthetic fiber on mechanical and freeze-thaw behavior of non-air-entrained roller compacted concrete pavement using response surface methodology | |
| JP4709677B2 (en) | Premix high toughness polymer cement mortar material and high toughness polymer cement mortar | |
| JP7395633B2 (en) | polymer cement mortar | |
| Mohamad et al. | Fresh state and mechanical properties of self compacting concrete incorporating high volume fly ash | |
| Sridhar et al. | Study on mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composites | |
| JP5543734B2 (en) | Fast curing polymer cement mortar composition for repair and its construction method | |
| JP7054109B2 (en) | Highly powder-resistant backfill grout and its backfill grout material | |
| JP7473754B2 (en) | Highly durable backfill grout material | |
| Moghadam et al. | Effect of water-cement ratio (w/c) on mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (case study) | |
| Ashteyat et al. | Production of self-compacting concrete using Jordanian oil shale ash | |
| JP6203546B2 (en) | Polymer cement mortar and method using polymer cement mortar | |
| JP2007270470A (en) | Construction method for repairing/reinforcing concrete structure | |
| JP5378754B2 (en) | Polymer cement composition | |
| CN108501172A (en) | Large dosage, which is chopped, synthesizes the forming method of fine fibre concrete | |
| KR100842823B1 (en) | A method of mixing design for self-compacting fiber reinforced concrete | |
| CN107216091A (en) | A kind of novel bridge expansion joint packing material | |
| JP2011088793A (en) | Grout material reinforcing material | |
| JP2012255269A (en) | Earthquake-resistant slit material and manufacturing method thereof | |
| JP2016223066A (en) | Construction method of concrete floor-like structure | |
| Salman et al. | Mechanical Properties of River Sand Mortar |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A712 Effective date: 20220628 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20220628 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20221125 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20230630 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20230630 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20230828 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20231006 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20231128 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20231208 |
|
| A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711 Effective date: 20231216 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20231223 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20231216 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20240220 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20240220 |