JP7462337B2 - microscope - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a microscope.

In general, when performing dental treatment using dental treatment equipment or when performing surgery, a microscope or a photographing device (camera) is used to perform precise treatment or diagnosis (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

The medical optical imaging device described in Patent Document 1 and the surgical microscope described in Patent Document 2 are constructed such that, when in use, the imaging device, first observation means, and second observation means are positioned above the affected area of the patient being treated, allowing the affected area to be observed from above.
Furthermore, the surgical microscope described in Patent Document 2 is equipped with an image direction correction means that rotates the eyepiece optical system horizontally in conjunction with the rotation of the objective optical system (see Figure 8 of Patent Document 2).

International Publication No. 2021/053990 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-131455

However, the medical optical imaging device described in Patent Document 1 and the surgical microscope described in Patent Document 2 have a problem in that the imaging device and observation means are placed above the affected area during treatment, and the affected area, which is the subject of the treatment, is obstructed by the treatment tools, making it impossible to observe.

The surgical microscope described in Patent Document 2 also has an image direction correction means that rotates the eyepiece optical system horizontally, making it possible to observe from the side. However, simply rotating the eyepiece optical system, as in the surgical microscope described in Patent Document 2, does not resolve the situation where the subject is hidden by the treatment instrument, and there are cases where the subject cannot be observed.

Figure 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the state when dental treatment is being performed using a conventional digital microscope 100.

As shown in FIG. 9, in dental treatment, when an operator M uses a digital microscope 100 to observe an affected area of a patient P while performing treatment, a dental treatment instrument 200 such as a turbine is placed above the affected area. Therefore, when observing the affected area with the digital microscope 100, there is a problem in that the affected area is blocked by the dental treatment instrument 200 and becomes a blind spot, making it impossible to observe.

In addition, when the surgeon M uses the loupe 300 to treat the affected area, the dental treatment instrument 200 blocks his or her view, so the surgeon M must change his or her viewing position to avoid being in a blind spot, avoiding the dental treatment instrument 200 and performing treatment while observing the affected area. This creates a problem in that the surgeon M may be forced to perform treatment in an awkward position.

In addition, if the loupe 300 is not used, the orientation of the digital microscope 100 must be changed each time treatment and observation are performed, requiring cumbersome positioning work.

Therefore, the objective of the present invention is to provide a microscope that can observe areas that are blocked by treatment instruments and cannot be observed.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a microscope according to the present invention is a microscope including a first observation optical system for observing an object, and a second observation optical system in which the direction in which the object is observed differs depending on the first observation optical system and which shares an image capturing section of the first observation optical system, wherein the second observation optical system includes an optical path changing means for changing the direction of an optical path from the object, an observation position moving means for moving the optical path changing means in a direction different from that of a straight line connecting the image capturing section and the object, and an observation position moving means for changing the angle of the optical path changing means in accordance with the movement of the optical path changing means. and an observation angle control means for controlling the angle of incidence of the first observation optical system, the first observation optical system being configured by dividing the photographing section into a one-side photographing section which photographs one side of the subject and an other-side photographing section which photographs the other side of the subject , the photographing section providing parallax between the one-side photographing section and the other-side photographing section to enable photographing of a three-dimensional image of the subject, and converting the direction of the optical path from the subject toward the other-side photographing section to enable simultaneous photographing of an image photographed by the one-side photographing section and an image photographed by the other-side photographing section with the optical path converted .

Further, a microscope according to the present invention is a microscope including a first observation optical system for observing an object, and a second observation optical system in which the direction in which the object is observed differs depending on the first observation optical system and which shares an image capturing section of the first observation optical system, wherein the second observation optical system includes a second optical path changing means for changing an optical path from the object to a direction toward the first optical path changing means, an observation position moving means for moving the second optical path changing means in a direction different from a straight line connecting the image capturing section and the object, and an observation position moving means for controlling an angle of the second optical path changing means in accordance with the movement of the second optical path changing means. and an observation angle control means for controlling the angle of incidence of the first observation optical system, the first observation optical system being configured by dividing the photographing section into a one-side photographing section which photographs one side of the subject and an other-side photographing section which photographs the other side of the subject , the photographing section providing parallax between the one-side photographing section and the other-side photographing section to enable photographing a stereoscopic image of the subject, and changing the direction of the optical path from the subject toward the other-side photographing section to the direction of the first optical path changing means to enable simultaneous photographing of an image photographed by the one-side photographing section and an image photographed by the other-side photographing section with the optical path changed .

The present invention can provide a microscope that can observe areas that are otherwise obscured by treatment instruments.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram showing a state during stereoscopic observation. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram showing a state during side observation. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state in which the microscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention is used, and is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the angle of the optical path changing means with respect to a straight line (optical axis) connecting the imaging unit and the subject. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of how to attach a rotating ring when the angle of the second optical path changing means with respect to the straight line (optical axis) connecting the imaging unit and the subject is approximately a right angle. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an installation state of a microscope and a display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a microscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram showing a display state of an image on a display device during stereoscopic observation. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an installation state of a microscope and a display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a microscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram showing a display state of an image on a display device during stereoscopic observation. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 13A and 13B are diagrams showing a microscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and are explanatory diagrams showing the display state of an image on a display device during upward observation and lateral observation. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 5B is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the VB-VB line in FIG. 5A when the knob is locked. 5B is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of VB-VB in FIG. 5A when the arrow view position is set. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which dental treatment is being performed using a conventional digital microscope.

[Embodiment 1]
1A and 1B, a microscope 3 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. Before describing the microscope 3, a medical examination device 1 to which the microscope 3 is attached will be described.
1A, the imaging unit 42 side is the upper direction, the subject S side is the lower direction, the first optical path changing means 45 side is the left direction, and the second optical path changing means 46 side is the right direction. In the following description, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

<Medical equipment>
The diagnostic device 1 shown in Fig. 1A is a medical device including a microscope 3 and a display device 9 (see Figs. 1B and 1C). The diagnostic device 1 is a device that allows an operator M to make a diagnosis while checking an affected area on the display device 9.
The diagnostic device 1 may be any device equipped with at least a microscope 3 and a display device 9 (see Figs. 1B and 1C) for performing medical diagnosis and treatment, and there are no particular limitations on its intended use, installation location, structure, etc. Hereinafter, as an example of the diagnostic device 1, a case will be described in which teeth or the like in the oral cavity are treated as a subject S by a dental treatment unit 2 (see Fig. 1D) equipped with a microscope 3.

Microscope
The microscope 3 is an observation optical device for observing an affected area of a patient P (see FIG. 1D ). The microscope 3 has a first observation optical system 4, a second observation optical system 5, an observation position moving means 7, and an observation angle control means 8. The microscope 3 of the first embodiment is a monocular digital microscope.

In addition, the microscope 3 is provided with a first observation optical system 4, a second observation optical system 5, an observation position moving means 7, and an observation angle control means 8, and is an apparatus for performing medical diagnosis and treatment. Similarly to the medical treatment device 1, the intended use, installation location, structure, etc. are not particularly limited.
In other words, the microscope 3 is not limited to being a dental microscope, and can be used as a medical observation device for purposes other than dentistry, and can also be used for three-dimensional observation of objects or for lateral observation.

<First Observation Optical System>
1A, the first observation optical system 4 is a rigid scope for stereoscopic observation for observing a subject S in the oral cavity of a patient P (see FIG. 1D) from above. The first observation optical system 4 is configured to include a housing 41, an imaging unit 42, a zoom means 43, a rotating mechanism 44, a first optical path changing means 45, a second optical path changing means 46, and an observation arm 47.

<Case>
The housing 41 is a metallic cylinder for accommodating, in order from the upper side of the housing 41, an imaging unit 42 for photographing a subject S and a zoom unit 43. The housing 41 is supported by a scope stand (not shown). An observation arm 47 is provided below the housing 41 with a rotating mechanism 44 interposed therebetween.

<Photography Department>
The photographing unit 42 is an observation imaging means for photographing the subject S in the oral cavity of the patient P. The photographing unit 42 is composed of, for example, a CMOS camera or a CCD camera. The photographing unit 42 is configured to project an image of the subject S on the front surface of the CMOS camera or the CCD camera. The photographing unit 42 is electrically connected to the display device 9 (see FIGS. 1B to 1D) via a control device (not shown), so that the image of the photographing unit 42 is displayed on the display device 9. The photographing unit 42 has an autofocus function.

<Zooming method>
As shown in Fig. 1D, when the second optical path changing means 46 is moved in a substantially horizontal direction (arrow b direction) by the observation position moving means 7 to enable side observation, the observation position becomes farther and the image becomes smaller. Therefore, the zoom means 43 is a zoom enlargement mechanism that zooms in and enlarges the image according to the observation position. In other words, when the second optical path changing means 46 is moved in a substantially horizontal direction (arrow b direction) by the observation position moving means 7, the distance L2 from the first optical path changing means 45 to the subject S via the second optical path changing means 46 becomes longer than the distance L1 from the first optical path changing means 45 to the subject S. The zoom means 43 zooms in and enlarges the image according to the distance L2, so that the display 91a for stereoscopic observation shown in Fig. 1B and the display 91b for side observation shown in Fig. 1C can be displayed at the same size.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the zoom means 43 is composed of a zoom optical system 431 equipped with a zoom lens and a variable magnification means (not shown) for adjusting the magnification. The zoom means 43 is a device for adjusting the size of the image of the subject S obtained by moving the observation position moving means 7. For this reason, the microscope 3 is equipped with a zoom function for adjusting the size of the image of the subject S obtained by moving the observation position moving means 7. Note that the zoom means 43 is not limited to optical zoom, and may be digital zoom.

<Rotation mechanism>
1A, the turning mechanism 44 is a mechanism for turning a rotating ring 441 provided on the axis (optical axis O1) of the observation arm 47 approximately horizontally about the optical axis O1, thereby orienting the observation arm 47 in an appropriate direction. Therefore, the turning mechanism 44 can turn the observation arm 47 to an observation position corresponding to the dominant arm of the surgeon M.
As shown in FIG. 1E, when the observation arm 47 is tilted, the lateral observation means 50 of the second observation optical system 5 can be rotated around the straight line connecting the photographing unit 42 and the subject S as an axis while the housing 41 remains tilted.

With this configuration, the microscope 3 has a rotation mechanism 44, which provides a horizontal rotation function that allows it to rotate horizontally to an appropriate position around the straight line connecting the imaging unit 42 and the subject S as the axis (optical axis O1) in accordance with the dominant hand of the surgeon M.

<First Optical Path Changing Means>
The first optical path changing means 45 is an optical path changing means for switching the optical path P from the subject S between a state in which the optical path P goes directly to the photographing unit 42 and a state in which the optical path P goes to the photographing unit 42 via the second optical path changing means 46. The first optical path changing means 45 is composed of a mirror 451 that rotates between a state in which an upward image can be photographed and a state in which a side image can be photographed by the field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6. The first optical path changing means 45 rotates around the field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6 to move the mirror 451 away from the axis (optical axis O1), thereby opening the light from the subject S to go straight to the photographing unit 42 via the zoom means 43.

The first optical path changing means 45 also rotates the mirror 451 at an angle on the optical axis O1 using the field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6, thereby reflecting the light from the subject S to travel in the direction of the photographing unit 42 via the second optical path changing means 46.

<Second Optical Path Changing Means>
The second optical path changing means 46 (optical path changing means) is a reflecting member for changing the direction of the optical path P from the subject S. The second optical path changing means 46 is composed of a mirror or a prism 461 for changing the traveling direction of the light from the subject S to the direction of the first optical path changing means 45 (optical axis O1).
The axis of the mirror or prism 461 is rotatably supported on a base (not shown) provided within the observation arm 47. The mirror or prism 461 can be rotated to adjust the inclination by the observation angle control means 8, and is arranged so as to be movable in the direction in which the observation arm 47 extends by the observation position moving means 7.
According to this configuration, the microscope 3 is provided with the mirror or prism 461 , so that it is possible to take a lateral image from a position avoiding the treatment instrument 10 .

<Observation arm>
The observation arm 47 is a housing that houses the first optical path changing means 45, the second optical path changing means 46, the field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6, the observation position moving means 7, the observation angle control means 8, and a base (not shown). The observation arm 47 extends horizontally in the centrifugal direction around the axis (optical axis O1). A base (not shown) that supports the second optical path changing means 46, the field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6, the observation position moving means 7, and the observation angle control means 8 is provided inside the observation arm 47.

<Rotation axis for switching viewing direction>
The field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6 is a rotation switching shaft that switches the first optical path changing means 45, which is provided on a straight line (optical axis O1) connecting the photographing unit 42 and the subject S, between a state in which an upward image can be photographed as shown in Fig. 1B and a state in which a side image can be photographed as shown in Fig. 1C. As shown in Fig. 1A, the field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6 is installed on a base (not shown) via the upper end of the first optical path changing means 45. The field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6 rotates the first optical path changing means 45 to a substantially vertical position state for upward observation as shown by the virtual line in Fig. 1A when observing the subject S from above, and rotates it to a position state for oblique side observation as shown by the solid line when observing the subject S from the side.

In other words, when observing the subject S from above, the field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6 retracts the first optical path changing means 45 from above the axis (optical axis O1) to a predetermined position shown by a virtual line in FIG. 1A where it does not interfere with shooting in a straight line, thereby enabling a frontal image of the subject S to be captured.
In addition, when observing the subject S from the side, the field of view direction switching rotation axis 6 tilts the first optical path changing means 45 to a predetermined angle on the axis (optical axis O1) shown by the solid line in Figure 1A in accordance with the position of the second optical path changing means 46 moved horizontally by the observation position moving means 7, thereby enabling a lateral image of the subject S to be captured.

The field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6 is not limited to rotating and retracting the first optical path changing means 45 consisting of a mirror between a state in which an upward image can be captured and a state in which a side image can be captured. The field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6 may be configured to switch the portion of the first optical path changing means 45 using a half mirror.

In addition, the microscope 3 of embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1A may switch the field of view direction by using a combination of a half mirror or a half prism and an aperture as the first optical path changing means 45, without using the field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6.
As one example, the first optical path changing means 45 may be, for example, a half mirror (also called a beam splitter) arranged in the same position as the first optical path changing means 45 shown by the solid line in FIG. 1A, and an aperture mechanism may be provided midway along the optical path on the subject S side and on the second optical path changing means 46 side, so that the optical path P is switched by opening the aperture.

<Second Observation Optical System>
The second observation optical system 5 is a rigid endoscope for stereoscopic observation and has the function of a lateral observation means 50 (blind spot observation means) described later. The second observation optical system 5 has a configuration substantially similar to that of the first observation optical system 4. That is, the second observation optical system 5 shares the housing 41, the photographing unit 42, the zoom means 43, and the first optical path changing means 45 of the first observation optical system 4. The second observation optical system 5 differs from the first observation optical system 4 in that the direction in which the subject S is observed by the first observation optical system 4 is different. The second observation optical system 5 also includes a turning mechanism 44, a second optical path changing means 46, an observation arm 47, an observation position moving means 7, and an observation angle control means 8. The second optical axis O2 of the second observation optical system 5 is configured to be variable in optical axis angles θ1 and θ2.

<Side Observation Means>
The side observation means 50 is a blind spot observation means that enables the subject S to be observed from different viewing directions.

<Means for moving observation position>
The observation position moving means 7 is a device for moving the second optical path changing means 46 along a straight line that intersects in a different direction with the straight line (optical axis O1) connecting the photographing unit 42 and the subject S. The observation position moving means 7 moves the mirror or prism 461 in a direction approximately perpendicular to the straight line connecting the photographing unit 42 and the subject S (approximately horizontal direction).

Figure 1D is a diagram showing the microscope 3 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention in use, and is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the angle θ3 of the second optical path changing means 46 with respect to the straight line (optical axis O1) connecting the imaging unit 42 and the subject S. Figure 1E is a diagram showing the microscope 3 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention in use, and is an explanatory diagram showing an example of how to attach the rotating ring 441 when the angle θ3 of the second optical path changing means 46 with respect to the straight line (optical axis O1) connecting the imaging unit 42 and the subject S is approximately a right angle.

The "different directions" mentioned above are directions that are approximately perpendicular to the line connecting the image capture unit 42 and the subject S, as shown in Figures 1D and 1E. "Different directions" and "approximately perpendicular directions (approximately horizontal directions)" refer to directions at any angle θ3 between 60 degrees and 95 degrees relative to the line (optical axis O1) connecting the image capture unit 42 and the subject S.

In this way, the microscope 3 is equipped with the observation position moving means 7, and thus has a mirror retraction function that allows the second optical path changing means 46, which is provided on the straight line (optical axis O1) connecting the imaging section 42 and the subject S, to be retracted to a position that does not interfere with imaging in the straight line direction.

<<Observation angle control means>>
The observation angle control means 8 is a device for adjusting the tilt angle (viewing angle) of the second optical path changing means 46 by rotating the second optical path changing means 46 in accordance with the moving distance of the second optical path changing means 46 moved by the observation position moving means 7 when the second optical path changing means 46 on the objective side is moved in a substantially horizontal direction. In other words, the observation angle control means 8 adjusts the tilt angle of the mirror or prism 461 by rotating the mirror or prism 461 in accordance with the moving distance of the observation position moved by the observation position moving means 7. The observation angle control means 8 is composed of a device for manually or electrically rotating a rotation shaft provided at the center of the mirror or prism 461. The rotation shaft of the observation angle control means 8 is provided on a base (not shown) so as to be movable in the horizontal direction.

<Treatment equipment>
1A is, for example, a dental treatment instrument used in dental treatment, and the type thereof is not particularly limited. The treatment instrument 10 is, for example, a dental treatment instrument such as a probe, a scaler, a syringe, a vacuum, or an ultrasonic scaler, a hand cutting instrument such as a root canal treatment file, or a mechanical cutting instrument such as a dental turbine, a dental motor, or a dental contra-angle.

<Display Device>
1B and 1C, the display device 9 is, for example, a monitor in an independent display form. The display device 9 is capable of displaying two separate images: an upper image captured by the imaging unit 42 shown in Fig. 1B, and a side image captured by the imaging unit 42 shown in Fig. 1C. The display device 9 is rotatably mounted on a support 21 (see Fig. 2B) of a dental treatment unit (not shown) or the like.

<Dental treatment unit>
1D, the dental treatment unit 2 includes, for example, a treatment chair 23, a treatment table (not shown), a support 21 (see FIG. 2B) erected on the treatment table (not shown) or the like, an arm 22 attached to the support 21 (see FIG. 2B) or the like, and a display device 9 provided on the support 21 (see FIG. 2B). The dental treatment unit 2 may be any unit that includes the arm 22, and is not particularly limited in model, type, etc.

The examination table (not shown) is a dental unit. The examination table (not shown) may have a support 21 (see FIG. 2B ), and the shape, structure, etc. of the examination table are not particularly limited.
The treatment chair 23 is a medical chair on which the patient P sits during treatment.
The support pillar 21 (see FIG. 2B) is a pillar member that rotatably supports the base end of the arm 22. The support pillar 21 is formed, for example, from a cylindrical metal member. The display device 9 is installed in the center of the support pillar 21 (see FIG. 2B) in the up-down direction. The base end of the arm 22 is rotatably installed on the upper part of the support pillar 21 (see FIG. 2B).

<Arm>
The arm 22 is a member that supports the microscope 3 so that it can be moved and held at a desired position relative to the subject S. The arm 22 is arranged extending from the support column 21 (see FIG. 2B) to the microscope 3, and is made of a balanced arm having a supporting force that elastically supports the microscope 3 so that it can move up and down, front and back, and left and right when a force equal to or greater than a predetermined value (any force in a preset rotational direction) is applied in the moving direction. A mounting bracket (not shown) for fixing the microscope 3 is provided at the tip of the arm 22 so as to be rotatable around the axis.

Action
Next, the operation of the microscope 3 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A to 1D, taking as an example a case where teeth in the oral cavity of a patient P are photographed as a subject S.

First, when capturing an image above the subject S, the first optical path changing means 45 is retracted to the retracted position shown by the virtual line in FIG. 1A by the field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6. Then, the light from the subject S travels directly to the shooting section 42 via the zoom means 43, making it possible to capture the image above as shown in FIG. 1B.

When capturing a side image of the subject S, the first optical path changing means 45 rotates the mirror 451 diagonally on the axis (optical axis O1) by the field of view direction switching rotation shaft 6. Then, the light from the subject S is reflected by the second optical path changing means 46 toward the mirror 451 and is further reflected by the mirror 451 to travel in the direction of the image capturing unit 42, making it possible to capture the side image shown in FIG. 1C.

By being able to capture side images in this way, the microscope 3 can capture images of the affected area of the subject S that is hidden by the treatment instrument 10, and can also observe the backs and sides of teeth and molar areas.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the microscope 3 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a microscope 3 equipped with a first observation optical system 4 for observing a subject S, and a second observation optical system 5 in which the direction in which the subject S is observed differs depending on the first observation optical system 4 and which shares the image capturing section 42 of the first observation optical system 4. The second observation optical system 5 is equipped with an optical path changing means (second optical path changing means 46) for changing the direction of the optical path P from the subject S, an observation position moving means 7 for moving the optical path changing means (second optical path changing means 46) in a different direction relative to the straight line (optical axis O1) connecting the image capturing section 42 and the subject S, and an observation angle control means 8 for controlling the angles θ1 and θ2 of the optical path changing means (second optical path changing means 46) in accordance with the movement of the optical path changing means (second optical path changing means 46).

According to this configuration, the microscope 3 of the present invention is equipped with an observation angle control means 8, and thus when the optical path changing means (second optical path changing means 46) is moved by the observation position moving means 7, the optical path P from the subject S can be converted to the direction of the optical axis O1 (first optical path changing means 45) in order to make it possible to observe the affected area that is in a blind spot due to the treatment instrument 10.
Furthermore, the present invention can provide a microscope 3 that is equipped with an observation position moving means 7 and an observation angle control means 8, and thus can make it possible to observe from the side an area that is blocked by a treatment instrument 10 and is therefore a blind spot.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the microscope 3 is equipped with a first observation optical system 4 for observing the subject S, and a second observation optical system 5 in which the direction in which the subject S is observed differs depending on the first observation optical system 4 and which shares the image capturing unit 42 of the first observation optical system 4. The second observation optical system 5 is equipped with a second optical path changing means 46 for changing the optical path P from the subject S to the direction of the first optical path changing means 45, an observation position moving means 7 for moving the second optical path changing means 46 in a different direction relative to the straight line (optical axis O1) connecting the image capturing unit 42 and the subject S, and an observation angle control means 8 for controlling the angles θ1 and θ2 of the second optical path changing means 46 in accordance with the movement of the second optical path changing means 7.

According to this configuration, the microscope 3 of the present invention is equipped with an observation angle control means 8, and thus when the second optical path changing means 46 is moved by the observation position moving means 7, the optical path P from the subject S can be converted to the direction of the first optical path changing means 45 in order to make it possible to observe the affected area that is in a blind spot due to the treatment instrument 10.
Furthermore, the present invention can provide a microscope 3 that is equipped with an observation position moving means 7 and an observation angle control means 8, and thus can make it possible to observe from the side an area that is blocked by a treatment instrument 10 and is therefore a blind spot.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the microscope 3 also includes a zoom means 43 for adjusting the size of the image of the subject S obtained by moving the observation position moving means 7.

With this configuration, when the microscope 3 performs lateral observation by moving the second optical path changing means 46 in a substantially horizontal direction (the direction of the arrow b) using the observation position moving means 7, the observation position becomes farther away and the image becomes smaller. The microscope 3 can adjust the size of the image of the subject S obtained by moving the observation position moving means 7 to the same size by zooming in the image that becomes smaller as the observation position becomes farther away using the zoom means 43 to match the observation position.

As shown in Figures 1A, 1D, and 1E, the observation position moving means 7 is equipped with a rotation mechanism 44 that can rotate horizontally around a straight line (optical axis O1) connecting the imaging unit 42 and the subject S.

According to this configuration, the observation position moving means 7 has a rotation mechanism 44, and can rotate the observation arm 47 horizontally around the straight line connecting the imaging unit 42 and the subject S as an axis (optical axis O1), and can be positioned in an appropriate position or orientation corresponding to the dominant hand of the surgeon M. Therefore, when a left-handed surgeon M holds the treatment instrument 10 in his left hand to treat an affected area, the observation arm 47 housing the second optical path changing means 46 can be rotated by the rotation mechanism 44 to prevent the treatment instrument 10 from appearing in the image.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the microscope 3 is also equipped with an observation position moving means 7 that can retract the second optical path changing means 46, which is provided on the straight line connecting the imaging section 42 and the subject S, to a position that does not interfere with imaging in the straight line direction.

With this configuration, the microscope 3 is equipped with the observation position moving means 7, so that the second optical path changing means 46 can be retracted to a position that does not interfere with imaging in the linear direction. Therefore, the microscope 3 can image the affected area even while the affected area is being treated with the treatment instrument 10.

Also, as shown in FIG. 1A, a different direction is a direction at any angle between 60 degrees and 95 degrees with respect to a straight line (optical axis O1) connecting the imaging unit 42 and the subject S.

According to this configuration, the observation position moving means 7 can move the second optical path changing means 46 in a direction at any angle between 60 degrees and 95 degrees with respect to the straight line connecting the imaging unit 42 and the subject S, thereby moving the second optical path changing means 46 in a direction approximately horizontal to the optical axis O1.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the second optical path changing means 46 is composed of a mirror or prism 461, the observation position moving means 7 moves the mirror or prism 461 in a direction approximately perpendicular to the straight line (optical axis O1) connecting the image capturing unit 42 and the subject S, and the observation angle control means 8 rotates the mirror or prism 461 in accordance with the distance moved by the observation position moving means 7 to adjust the tilt angle.

According to this configuration, the microscope 3 has an observation angle control means 8, and therefore when the second optical path changing means 46 is moved in a substantially horizontal direction, the second optical path changing means 46 can be rotated in accordance with the distance moved by the observation position moving means 7. Therefore, even if the second optical path changing means 46 is moved by the observation position moving means 7 and the direction in which the second optical path changing means 46 reflects changes, the tilt angle of the second optical path changing means 46 can be adjusted in accordance with the movement of the second optical path changing means 46, so that a side image can always be captured.

[Embodiment 2]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment 1, and various modifications and changes are possible within the scope of the technical concept thereof. It goes without saying that the present invention also covers such modifications and changes.

Figure 2A is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope 3A according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 2B is an explanatory diagram showing the installation state of the microscope 3A and the display device 9 according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 2C is a diagram showing the microscope 3A according to embodiment 2 of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram showing the display state of the image on the display device 9 during stereoscopic observation.

As shown in Figures 2A to 2C, the microscope 3A of the present invention may have the imaging section 42A divided into two sections to enable stereoscopic observation.

According to this configuration, the microscope 3A of embodiment 2 divides the imaging section 42A into one-side imaging section 42Aa and the other-side imaging section 42Ab, and displays the display 91a of the one-side imaging section 42Aa and the display 91b of the other-side imaging section 42Ab on the display screen 91 of the display device 9, allowing stereoscopic observation.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 2A, the microscope 3A is configured by arranging an imaging section 42A consisting of a one-side imaging section 42Aa and an other-side imaging section 42Ab, a first optical path changing means 45A consisting of a one-side first optical path changing means 451A and an other-side first optical path changing means 452A, and a second optical path changing means 46A consisting of a one-side second optical path changing means 461A and an other-side second optical path changing means 462A in a line-symmetrical arrangement.

The photographing section 42A is composed of a binocular CMOS camera or CCD camera equipped with a one-side photographing section 42Aa and an other-side photographing section 42Ab. The one-side photographing section 42Aa is arranged tilted toward the one-side first optical path changing means 451A. The other-side photographing section 42Ab is arranged tilted toward the other-side first optical path changing means 452A. The microscope 3A provides parallax between the one-side photographing section 42Aa and the other-side photographing section 42Ab, and photographs are taken from different angles with the two photographing sections 42A, making it possible to photograph a stereoscopic image of the subject S.

The first optical path changing means 45A is made of a mirror or a prism. The first optical path changing means 45A is configured by arranging the one-side first optical path changing means 451A and the other-side first optical path changing means 452A symmetrically in an approximately V-shape so that the light from the subject S reflected by the one-side first optical path changing means 451A and the other-side first optical path changing means 452A is reflected to the one-side photographing section 42Aa and the other-side photographing section 42Ab.

The second optical path changing means 46A (optical path changing means) is a reflecting member for changing the direction of the optical path P from the subject S, and is composed of, for example, a mirror or prism 461 that changes the traveling direction of the light from the subject S to the direction of the first optical path changing means 45A (optical axis O1). The second optical path changing means 46A is configured by arranging the second optical path changing means 461A on one side and the second optical path changing means 462A on the other side symmetrically in a generally V-shape with an appropriate gap between them in the left and right direction in order to reflect the light from the subject S to the first optical path changing means 45Aa on one side and the first optical path changing means 452A on the other side.

As shown in FIG. 2B, the medical treatment device 1A includes a microscope 3A, a dental treatment unit 2 to which the microscope 3A is attached, a display device 9, and special glasses 92A.

The dental treatment unit 2 has a treatment chair 23, a treatment table (not shown), a support 21 erected on the treatment table, an arm 22 attached to the support 21, and a display device 9 provided on the support 21.

The display device 9 is a monitor equipped with a changeover switch for switching the display mode between a composite display mode and an independent display mode. A polarizing filter is provided on the display screen 91 of the display device 9. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2A or 2B, when the display device 9 is in the composite display mode, it is possible to display the images from the one-side imaging unit 42Aa and the other-side imaging unit 42Ab as a stereoscopic 3DTV image. When the display device 9 is in the independent display mode, it is possible to separately display an image taken from the left side by the one-side imaging unit 42Aa and an image taken from the right side by the other-side imaging unit 42Ab. The display device 9 is rotatably installed on the support 21 of the dental treatment unit 2.

The arm 22 holds a microscope 3A at the tip of the arm 22.
The surgeon M may look directly into the observation optical system with the naked eye, or may project the images from the one-side photographing unit 42Aa and the other-side photographing unit 42Ab onto the display screen 91 of the display device 9 and view the projected images, or may use both.

As shown in FIG. 2A or 2C, when viewing the images captured by the one-side image capture unit 42Aa and the other-side image capture unit 42Ab during observation, the surgeon M can use special glasses 92A, such as linearly polarized 3D glasses with parallax, to view the stereoscopic image IM at a position midway between the surgeon M and the display device 9, thereby allowing the surgeon M to observe a stereoscopic video.

By wearing the special glasses 92A, the surgeon M can only see the directions of the polarization filter absorption axes d and e. Therefore, the surgeon M can only see the display 91a of the imaging unit 42Aa on one side of the display device 9 with his left eye, and can only see the display 91b of the imaging unit 42Ab on the other side of the display device 9 with his right eye.
In this way, when the absorption axes d and e of the polarizing filters are overlapped so as to be perpendicular to each other, the light is blocked. When the absorption axes d and e of the polarizing filters are parallel to each other, the light is transmitted.

[Embodiment 3]
Fig. 3A is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope 3B according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3B is an explanatory diagram showing an installation state of the microscope 3B and a display device 9B according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3C is a diagram showing the microscope 3B according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram showing a display state of an image on the display device 9B during upward observation and lateral observation.

In the second embodiment, a microscope 3A capable of stereoscopic observation was described, but this is not limited to this. As shown in Figures 3A to 3C, a microscope 3B may be capable of both upward observation and lateral observation.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 3A, the microscope 3B is configured by arranging an image capturing section 42B consisting of a one-side image capturing section 42Ba and an other-side image capturing section 42Bb, a first optical path changing means 45A consisting of a one-side first optical path changing means 451B and an other-side first optical path changing means 452B, and a second optical path changing means 46B consisting of a one-side second optical path changing means 461B and an other-side second optical path changing means 462B in a substantially line-symmetrical arrangement.

The photographing section 42B is composed of a binocular CMOS camera or CCD camera equipped with a one-side photographing section 42Ba and an other-side photographing section 42Bb, similar to the photographing section 42A in the second embodiment. The one-side photographing section 42Ba is arranged tilted toward the one-side zoom optical system 431B. The other-side photographing section 42Bb is arranged tilted toward the other-side zoom optical system 432B. The microscope 3B is capable of photographing a stereoscopic image of the subject S by providing a parallax between the one-side photographing section 42Ba and the other-side photographing section 42Bb.

Since the observed image becomes smaller when the observation position of the second optical path changing means 46B is moved away by the observation position moving means 7, the zoom means 43B is adapted to enlarge the image by changing the optical magnification of the zoom means 43B in accordance with the observation position of the second optical path changing means 46B. In this case, the magnification of the zoom means 43B may be changed manually or automatically according to the observation position.
The zoom means 43B may be replaced by the zoom means 43B of this optical system, and the other side zoom optical system 432B may be adapted to change the digital magnification.

The first optical path changing means 45B is made of a mirror or a prism. The first optical path changing means 45B is configured by arranging the one-side first optical path changing means 451B and the other-side first optical path changing means 452B in a roughly V-shape so that the light from the subject S reflected by the one-side first optical path changing means 451B and the other-side first optical path changing means 452B is reflected to the one-side photographing section 42Ba and the other-side photographing section 42Bb.

The second optical path changing means 46B (optical path changing means) is a reflecting member for changing the direction of the optical path P from the subject S, and is composed of, for example, a mirror or prism 461 that changes the traveling direction of the light from the subject S to the direction of the first optical path changing means 45B (optical axis O1). The second optical path changing means 46B is configured by arranging the one-side second optical path changing means 461B and the other-side second optical path changing means 462B in an approximately V-shape with an appropriate gap between them in the left-right direction in order to reflect the light from the subject S to the one-side first optical path changing means 451B and the other-side first optical path changing means 452B.

The other-side second optical path changing means 462B is a reflecting member for changing the traveling direction of light, similar to the second optical path changing means 46 in the first embodiment, and is made of a mirror or a prism capable of changing the traveling direction of light. The axial center part of the other-side second optical path changing means 462B is rotatably supported on a base (not shown). Similarly to the mirror or prism 461 in the first embodiment, the other-side second optical path changing means 462B can be moved in the radial direction about the optical axis O1 by the observation position moving means 7 to enable lateral observation, and the other-side second optical path changing means 462B can be rotated by the observation angle control means 8 to adjust the inclination in accordance with the movement of the observation position.
According to this configuration, the microscope 3B is provided with the other-side second optical path changing means 462B, so that it becomes possible to take a lateral image from a position avoiding the treatment instrument 10.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the medical treatment device 1B includes a microscope 3A, a dental treatment unit 2 to which the microscope 3A is attached, and a display device 9B. Unlike the medical treatment device 1B of embodiment 2, the medical treatment device 1B does not include special glasses 92A when observing upward.

3B and 3C, when the display device 9B is in the combined display mode, it is possible to separately display an image taken from above by the one-side imaging section 42Ba and an image taken from the side by the other-side imaging section 42Bb on the display screen 91B. Therefore, the surgeon M can perform treatment while viewing two images, the display 91Ba taken from above by the one-side imaging section 42Aa and the display 91Bb taken from the side by the other-side imaging section 42Ab, and can therefore check the condition of the affected area even during treatment.
In addition, the composite display is, for example, a case where two screens are displayed separately on the left and right sides of the display device 9B. In the case of the composite display, two images with different parallax are displayed on the left and right screens to be viewed stereoscopically, and a case where an image from above and an image from the side are simultaneously displayed on the left and right screens to be observed.

[Embodiment 4]
Fig. 4A is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope 3C according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4B is an explanatory diagram showing the microscope 3C according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and showing the display state of an image on a display device 9C during upward observation and lateral observation.

In the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3A, the other-side second optical path changing means 462B is rotated and tilted in accordance with the movement of the observation position. However, as in the microscope 3C of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4A, a rotation mechanism 44C may be further provided to rotate the observation arm 47C in accordance with the dominant arm of the surgeon M.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the rotation mechanism 44C is a mechanism for orienting the observation arm 47C in an appropriate direction by rotating a rotating ring 441C provided on the axis (optical axis O1) of the observation arm 47C approximately horizontally around the axis (optical axis O1). Therefore, the rotation mechanism 44C can rotate the observation arm 47C to an observation position corresponding to the dominant arm of the surgeon M.

With this configuration, the microscope 3C has a rotation mechanism 44C, and thus has a horizontal rotation function that allows it to rotate horizontally to an appropriate position around the straight line connecting the imaging unit 42B and the subject S as the axis (optical axis O1) in accordance with the dominant arm of the surgeon M.

In the case of a right-handed surgeon M, the field of view V1 of the other-side second optical path changing means 462B is not hidden by the treatment instrument 10, as in the treatment instrument 10 shown by solid lines in FIG. 4A. However, in the case of a left-handed surgeon M, the treatment instrument 10 is positioned to the right of the axis (optical axis O1) of the observation arm 47C, as in the treatment instrument 10 shown by virtual lines in FIG. 4A, so there is a problem in that the field of view V1 of the other-side second optical path changing means 462B is hidden by the treatment instrument 10.

In this case, the observation arm 47C housing the second optical path changing means 46B is rotated (e.g., rotated 180 degrees) by the rotation mechanism 44C to an observation position corresponding to the dominant arm of the surgeon M, where the field of view V1 of the other side second optical path changing means 462B is not hidden by the treatment instrument 10. This solves the problem that the field of view V1 of the other side second optical path changing means 462B is hidden by the treatment instrument 10.

In addition, when the observation arm 47C is rotated 180 degrees by rotating the rotating ring 441C of the rotation mechanism 44C, as shown in FIG. 4B, the displays 91Ca and 91Cb captured by the one-side image capture unit 42Ba and the other-side image capture unit 42Bb become displays 91Ca and 91Cb whose left and right sides are swapped as the observation arm 47C rotates.

[Embodiment 5]
Fig. 5A is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope 3D according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5B is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view taken along line VB-VB in Fig. 5A when the knob is locked. Fig. 5C is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view taken along line VB-VB in Fig. 5A when the arrow view position is set.

Also, as in the microscope 3D of embodiment 5 shown in FIG. 5A, the observation position moving means 7D that moves the second optical path changing means 46B and the observation angle control means 8D that changes the angle of the second optical path changing means 46B may be manually set.

As shown in Figures 5A to 5C, the observation position moving means 7D is configured to include the other-side second optical path changing means 462B, the observation arm 47D, knobs 4D1 and 4D2, pivot shafts 4D1a and 4D2a, a friction plate 4D3, a washer 4D4, and a spring member SP1.

The other side second optical path changing means 462B is made of a mirror or prism that can reflect light and change the optical path. The other side second optical path changing means 462B is rotatably arranged within the observation arm 47D.

The observation arm 47D is a hollow housing that houses the other-side second optical path changing means 462B. The observation arm 47D is extended in the horizontal direction and is made up of cylindrical members.
The observation arm 47D has rotation shaft insertion holes 47Da and 47Db formed in the center of the front and rear sides and each of which is an elongated hole extending in the left-right direction, and an opening 47Dc formed in the bottom surface.
In addition, a scale indicating the moving distance of the knobs 4D1, 4D2 along the rotation shaft insertion hole 47Da may be provided near the rotation shaft insertion hole 47Da of the observation arm 47D.

The knobs 4D1 and 4D2 are operating members for rotating and moving the other-side second optical path changing means 462B. The knobs 4D1 and 4D2 are formed of a disk-shaped thick plate member. Rotation shafts 4D1a and 4D2a are integrally formed with the knobs 4D1 and 4D2.
A scale indicating the rotation angle of the knob 4D1 may be provided on the knob 4D1 or on the observation arm 47D to which the knob 4D1 faces.

The rotating shafts 4D1a and 4D2a are made of rod-shaped members that connect the knobs 4D1 and 4D2 to the other side second optical path changing means 462B. The rotating shafts 4D1a and 4D2a are inserted into the rotating shaft insertion holes 47Da and 47Db so as to be rotatable and slidable.

The friction plate 4D3 is a member that is fixed to the entire surface of the knob 4D1 on the observation arm 47D side and presses the friction plate 4D3 against the outer wall of the observation arm 47D to prevent the knob 4D1 from rotating. The friction plate 4D3 is made of a thin plate member with high frictional resistance.

The washer 4D4 is interposed between the opening edge of the rotation shaft insertion hole 47Db and the spring member SP1.
The spring member SP1 is an elastic body for biasing the knobs 4D1, 4D2, the rotating shafts 4D1a, 4D2a, and the other-side second optical path changing means 462B rearward to press and fix the friction plate 4D3 against the outer wall of the observation arm 47D. The spring member SP1 is made of a compression coil spring loosely fitted around the rotating shaft 4D2a and interposed between the washer 4D4 and the knob 4D2.

As shown in Figures 5A to 5C, the microscope 3D of the fifth embodiment is configured with a second optical path changing means 46B (second optical path changing means on the other side 462B) made of a mirror or a prism, and the observation position moving means 7D is configured with an observation arm 47D that houses the second optical path changing means 46B (second optical path changing means on the other side 462B) and a straight line (optical axis O1) formed on the side of the observation arm 47D and connecting the imaging unit 42 and the subject S. ), a rotation shaft 4D1a connected to the second optical path changing means 46B (the other-side second optical path changing means 462B), and a knob 4D1 provided on the rotation shaft 4D1a and movable along the rotation shaft insertion hole 47Da. The observation angle control means 8D rotates the knob 4D1 to rotate the second optical path changing means 46B (the other-side second optical path changing means 462B) in accordance with the distance moved by the observation position moving means 7, thereby adjusting the tilt angle.

According to this configuration, the observation position moving means 7D can be composed of the second optical path changing means 46B (second optical path changing means on the other side 462B), the observation arm 47D, the knobs 4D1, 4D2, the rotating shafts 4D1a, 4D2a, the friction plate 4D3, the washer 4D4, and the spring member SP1, just like the observation angle control means 8D. Therefore, the observation position moving means 7D can share parts with the observation angle control means 8D, so that the number of parts and the number of assembly steps can be reduced, leading to cost reduction. In addition, the observation position moving means 7D can adjust the observation position by pulling the knob 4D1 to move the second optical path changing means 46B (second optical path changing means on the other side 462B) to any position, as shown in FIG. 5C.

The observation angle control means 8D also has a spring member SP1 and a friction plate 4D3 for locking the knob 4D1 when the knob 4D1 is pulled to move the second optical path changing means 46B (the other side second optical path changing means 462B) to an arbitrary position and the reflection angle is determined by rotating the knob 4D1.

With this configuration, the observation angle control means 8D can move the second optical path changing means 46B (the other side second optical path changing means 462B) to any position by pulling the knob 4D1 as shown in Fig. 5C, rotate the knob 4D1 to determine the reflection angle, and then return the knob 4D1 to lock it as shown in Fig. 5B. The knob 4D1 can fix the second optical path changing means 46B (the other side second optical path changing means 462B) attached to the rotating shafts 4D1a and 4D2a to the observation arm 47D by the spring force of the spring member SP1 and the friction force of the friction plate 4D3.

[Embodiment 6]
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope 3E according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

Also, as in the microscope 3E of embodiment 6 shown in FIG. 6, the second optical path changing means 462B on the other side of the second optical path changing means 46B may be configured to rotate in conjunction with the movement distance of the second optical path changing means 462B on the other side.

As shown in FIG. 6, the observation angle control means 8E that rotates the other-side second optical path changing means 462B is configured to include the other-side second optical path changing means 462B, a rotating shaft 462Ba, an observation arm 47E, a rack 4E1, a pinion 4E2, a first gear 4E3, a second gear 4E4, a third gear 4E5, and a base (not shown).

The other-side second optical path changing means 462B is made of a mirror or prism that can reflect light and change the optical path, as in the sixth embodiment. The rotation shaft 462Ba that is integrally provided in the center of the other-side second optical path changing means 462B is rotatably supported within the observation arm 47E.

The observation arm 47E is a hollow housing that houses the other-side second optical path changing means 462B. The observation arm 47E is made up of cylindrical members that extend horizontally. A rack 4E1 is fixed to the bottom surface of the observation arm 47E.

The rack 4E1 extends in the direction in which the observation arm 47E extends (the direction of the arrow j). A pinion 4E2 rotatably engages with the rack 4E1.
The pinion 4E2 is rotatably supported on a base (not shown) arranged inside the observation arm 47E so as to be movable in the direction in which the observation arm 47E extends (the direction of the arrow j), and moves along the rack 4E1 by rotating while meshing with the rack 4E1. A first gear 4E3 is meshed with the pinion 4E2.

The first gear 4E3 is rotatably supported on a base (not shown) while meshing with the pinion 4E2, and as the pinion 4E2 rotates, it moves together with the base (not shown) along the rack 4E1 in the direction in which the rack 4E1 extends (the direction of arrow j). The second gear 4E4 is fixed to the rotation shaft of the first gear 4E3 and rotates integrally therewith.

The second gear 4E4 meshes with a third gear 4E5 that rotates around a rotation shaft 462Ba of the second optical path changing means 462B on the other side. The rotation shaft 462Ba moves together with the base (not shown) along the rack 4E1 in the direction in which the rack 4E1 extends (the direction of the arrow j).

Thus, in the microscope 3E of embodiment 6, the second optical path changing means 46B is configured by a mirror or a prism, the observation position moving means 7 moves the second optical path changing means 46B (the other-side second optical path changing means 462B) in a direction approximately perpendicular to the straight line connecting the photographing unit 42B and the subject S, and the observation angle control means 8E includes an observation arm 47E that houses the second optical path changing means 46B (the other-side second optical path changing means 462B) and a wrap that is provided within the observation arm 47E and extends in a different direction from the straight line connecting the photographing unit 42 and the subject S. The observation arm 47E includes a rack 4E1, a base disposed within the observation arm 47E so as to be movable in a direction approximately perpendicular to the straight line connecting the photographing unit 42B and the subject S, a pinion 4E2 rotatably supported on the base and meshing with the rack 4E1 and rotating to move along the rack 4E1, and gears (first gear 4E3, second gear 4E4, third gear 4E5) meshing with the pinion 4E2 and rotating around the rotation axis 462Ba of the second optical path changing means 46B (the other side second optical path changing means 462B) and movable along the rack 4E1 together with the base.

According to this configuration, the shafts of the first gear 4E3, the second gear 4E4, and the third gear 4E5 are supported by a base (not shown), so that the positional relationship between the three shafts is fixed. The base (not shown) moves left and right together with the base (not shown) with the shafts of the first gear 4E3, the second gear 4E4, and the third gear 4E5 fixed. Therefore, when the pinion 4E2 rotates along the rack 4E1, the observation angle control means 8E can change the angle of the second optical path changing means 46B in conjunction with the movement distance by transmitting a rotational force to the first gear 4E3, the second gear 4E4, and the third gear 4E5 in that order.

[Embodiment 7]
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope 3F according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

Also, as in the microscope 3F of embodiment 7 shown in FIG. 7, the rotation of the other side second optical path changing means 462B of the second optical path changing means 46B may be linked to the movement of the other side second optical path changing means 462B by motor control in accordance with the distance traveled by the other side second optical path changing means 462B.

As shown in FIG. 7, the observation angle control means 8F that rotates the other side second optical path changing means 462B is configured with an observation arm 47F, a first motor MT1, a male screw 4F1, a female screw 4F2, a base 4F3, the other side second optical path changing means 462B, a rotating shaft 462Ba, and a second motor MT2.

The other-side second optical path changing means 462B is made of a mirror or prism that can reflect light and change the optical path P, as in the fifth and sixth embodiments. The rotation shaft 462Ba that is integrally provided at the center of the other-side second optical path changing means 462B is rotatably supported within the observation arm 47D.

The observation arm 47F is a hollow housing that contains the male screw 4F1, the female screw 4F2, the base 4F3, etc. The observation arm 47F is made up of cylindrical members that extend horizontally. The first motor MT1 is located in the lower part of the right end of the observation arm 47F. The center of the underside of the observation arm 47F is open.

The first motor MT1 is an electric motor that rotates to move the base 4F3 attached to the male screw 4F1 in the left-right direction. The first motor MT1 is, for example, a stepping motor. The first motor MT1 drives the male screw 4F1 to rotate at a reduced speed via a reduction gear mechanism (not shown).

The male screw 4F1 extends from the first motor MT1 along the observation arm 47F in the direction of the optical axis O1. The female screw 4F2 is screwed into the left end of the male screw 4F1. The male screw 4F1 is fixed to a base 4F3 that is arranged to be movable within the observation arm 47F in the direction extending to the observation arm 47F (left-right direction). Therefore, when the first motor MT1 rotates, the male screw 4F1 advances and retreats in the left-right direction.

The other side second optical path changing means 462B is attached to the base 4F3 so that it can rotate around the rotation axis 46Ba. The other side second optical path changing means 462B is configured so that it can be set to any angle by controlling the rotation of the second motor MT2. The base 4F3 moves left and right along the lower edge surface of the observation arm 47F together with the female screw 4F2.

The first motor MT1 and the second motor MT2 are controlled by a preset number of pulses. The first motor MT1 and the second motor MT2, which are stepping motors, may be replaced with a combination of a motor and a position detector (encoder, etc.).

Thus, in the microscope 3F of embodiment 7, the second optical path changing means 46B is composed of a second optical path changing means 46B (second optical path changing means on the other side 462B) made of a mirror or a prism, the observation position moving means 7F includes a first motor MT1 for moving the second optical path changing means 46B (second optical path changing means on the other side 462B) in a direction approximately perpendicular to the line connecting the imaging unit 42B and the subject S, and the observation angle control means 8F includes a second motor MT2 for rotating the second optical path changing means 46B in accordance with the distance moved by the observation position moving means 7 to adjust the tilt angle.

With this configuration, the observation angle control means 8F also functions as the observation position moving means 7F, which moves the second optical path changing means 46B (the other side second optical path changing means 462B). The observation angle control means 8F and the observation position moving means 7F can be electrically driven by the first motor MT1 and the second motor MT2.

[Embodiment 8]
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a microscope 3G according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

The first optical path changing means 45B, which is composed of the first optical path changing means 451B on one side and the first optical path changing means 452B on the other side of the embodiment 3 shown in FIG. 3A, may be used with the first optical path changing means 451B on one side and the first optical path changing means 452B on the other side completely raised, as in the microscope 3G of embodiment 8 shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 8.

In this case, it is preferable to provide one zoom optical system 431 of the zoom means 43 of the observation optical system 4G, similarly to the zoom means 43 of the first embodiment (see FIG. 1A).
In addition, a focusing optical system 48G that adjusts the focus in accordance with changes in the optical path lengths L1, L2 (see Figure 1D) is provided between the second optical path changing means 462B on the other side of the second optical path changing means 46B on the optical path P from the subject S and the first optical path changing means 452B on the other side of the first optical path changing means 45B.
Even in this way, the microscope 3G can perform three-dimensional observation and lateral observation of an object (subject S).

[Modification]
In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A, the second observation optical system 5 is provided with a side observation means 50 (blind spot observation means), but the side observation means 50 may be provided in the first observation optical system 4.

In addition, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2B, an example of the installation of the microscope 3A has been described in which the arm 22 is placed on the support 21 of the dental treatment unit 2, but this is not limited to this.
For example, the arm 22 holding the microscope 3A may be a stand arm attached to a stand, a ceiling-mounted arm attached to the ceiling of a dental examination room, a floor-mounted arm attached to the floor of a dental examination room, or a table-mounted arm placed on a table such as a dental examination table.

In the microscope 3E of embodiment 6 shown in FIG. 6, the mechanism in which the rotation of the other-side second optical path changing means 462B is linked to the moving distance of the other-side second optical path changing means 462B is merely an example and is not limiting. The rack 4E1 that meshes with the pinion 4E2 may be a flexible rack that is arranged in the observation arm 47E in a state in which it can be bent and deformed.

The first motor MT1 and the second motor MT2, which are stepping motors of the microscope 3F of embodiment 7 shown in FIG. 7, may be configured with a potentiometer that detects the position of the other-side second optical path changing means 462B, and an electric motor that is a motor other than a stepping motor that controls the rotation of the other-side second optical path changing means 462B.

3A, the microscope 3B of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3A has been described as including the first optical path changing means 45B composed of the one-side first optical path changing means 451B and the other-side first optical path changing means 452B provided on a straight line connecting the photographing unit 42B and the subject S, but is not limited thereto. The first optical path changing means 45B (the one-side first optical path changing means 451B and the other-side first optical path changing means 452B) may be moved to a position that does not interfere with photographing in the straight line connecting the photographing unit 42B and the subject S, so that the subject S can be observed with binoculars.
Even when configured in this manner, the photographing unit 42B can obtain the parallax equivalent to that obtained by dividing it into two parts, the first optical path changing means 451B on one side and the first optical path changing means 452B on the other side, making it possible to perform stereoscopic observation with depth.

1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G Medical treatment device 3, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F, 3G Microscope 4, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, 4G First observation optical system 4D1 Knob 4D1a Rotating shaft 4D3 Friction plate 4E1 Rack 4E2 Pinion 4E3 First gear (gear)
4E4 2nd Gear (Gear)
4E5 3rd gear (gear)
5 Second observation optical system 6 View direction switching rotation axis 7, 7D, 7E, 7F Observation position moving means 8, 8D, 8E, 8F Observation angle control means 9, 9B, 9C Display device 10 Treatment instrument 42, 42A, 42B Photographing unit 43 Zoom means 431 Zoom optical system 44 Swivel mechanism 441 Rotating ring 45 First optical path changing means 46, 46A, 46B Second optical path changing means (optical path changing means)
47, 47D, 47E Observation arm 47Da Rotation shaft insertion hole 461 Mirror or prism 461B One-side second optical path changing means 462B Other-side second optical path changing means 462Ba Rotation shaft L1, L2 Optical path length MT1 First motor MT2 Second motor O1 Optical axis (straight line connecting the photographing unit and the subject)
O2 Optical axis P Optical path S Object SP1 Spring member θ1, θ2 Parallax optical axis angle (angle of optical path changing means)

Claims (11)

a first observation optical system for observing an object;
a second observation optical system in which the first observation optical system observes the subject in a different direction and shares an image capturing section of the first observation optical system,
The second observation optical system is
an optical path changing means for changing the direction of an optical path from the subject;
an observation position moving means for moving the optical path changing means in a direction different from a straight line connecting the photographing unit and the subject;
an observation angle control means for controlling an angle of the optical path changing means in accordance with the movement of the optical path changing means;
Equipped with
the first observation optical system is configured by dividing the photographing section into a one-side photographing section that photographs one side of the subject and an other-side photographing section that photographs the other side of the subject ,
The photographing unit provides a parallax between the one-side photographing unit and the other-side photographing unit to photograph a stereoscopic image of the subject, and converts the direction of the optical path from the subject toward the other-side photographing unit to simultaneously photograph an image photographed by the one-side photographing unit and an image photographed by the other-side photographing unit with the optical path converted.
microscope. a first observation optical system for observing an object;
a second observation optical system in which the first observation optical system observes the subject in a different direction and shares an image capturing section of the first observation optical system,
The second observation optical system is
A second optical path changing means for changing an optical path from the object to a direction toward the first optical path changing means;
an observation position moving means for moving the second optical path changing means in a direction different from a straight line connecting the photographing unit and the subject;
an observation angle control means for controlling an angle of the second optical path changing means in accordance with the movement of the second optical path changing means;
Equipped with
the first observation optical system is configured by dividing the photographing section into a one-side photographing section that photographs one side of the subject and an other-side photographing section that photographs the other side of the subject ,
The photographing section provides a parallax between the one-side photographing section and the other-side photographing section to enable photographing a stereoscopic image of the subject, and converts the direction of the optical path from the subject toward the other-side photographing section to the direction of the first optical path changing means, thereby enabling simultaneous photographing of an image photographed by the one-side photographing section and an image photographed by the other-side photographing section with the optical path converted.
microscope. a zoom means for adjusting a size of the image of the subject obtained by moving the observation position moving means;
A microscope according to claim 1 or 2. the observation position moving means is provided with a rotation mechanism capable of horizontally rotating about an axis of a straight line connecting the photographing unit and the subject;
A microscope according to claim 1 or 2. The first optical path changing means is provided on a straight line connecting the photographing unit and the subject. ...
The microscope according to claim 2. The different direction is a direction at an arbitrary angle in a range of 60 degrees to 95 degrees with respect to a straight line connecting the imaging unit and the subject.
A microscope according to claim 1 or 2. the second optical path changing means is a mirror or a prism,
the observation position moving means moves the mirror or the prism in a direction substantially perpendicular to a straight line connecting the photographing unit and the subject;
the observation angle control means rotates the mirror or the prism in accordance with the distance moved by the observation position moving means to adjust the tilt angle.
The microscope according to claim 2. the second optical path changing means is constituted by a mirror or a prism,
The observation position moving means includes an observation arm that houses the second optical path changing means;
a rotation shaft insertion hole formed on a side surface of the observation arm and extending in a direction different from a straight line connecting the imaging unit and the subject;
A rotation shaft connected to the second optical path changing means;
a knob provided on the rotating shaft and movable along the rotating shaft insertion hole;
the observation angle control means rotates the knob to rotate the second optical path changing means in accordance with the distance moved by the observation position moving means, thereby adjusting the tilt angle.
The microscope according to claim 2. the observation angle control means has a spring member and a friction plate for locking the knob when the knob is pulled to move the second optical path changing means to an arbitrary position and the reflection angle is determined by rotating the knob;
The microscope according to claim 8 . the second optical path changing means is constituted by a mirror or a prism,
the observation position moving means moves the second optical path changing means in a direction substantially perpendicular to a straight line connecting the photographing unit and the subject,
The observation angle control means includes an observation arm that houses the second optical path changing means;
a rack provided in the observation arm and extending in a direction different from a straight line connecting the imaging unit and the subject;
a base disposed within the observation arm so as to be movable in a direction substantially perpendicular to a line connecting the imaging unit and the subject;
a pinion that is rotatably supported on the base and that rotates while meshing with the rack, thereby moving along the rack;
a gear that is meshed with the pinion to rotate about a rotation axis of the second optical path changing means and is movable along the rack together with the base;
The microscope according to claim 2. the second optical path changing means is constituted by a mirror or a prism,
the observation position moving means includes a first motor for moving the second optical path changing means in a direction substantially perpendicular to a straight line connecting the photographing unit and the subject,
the observation angle control means includes a second motor for rotating the second optical path changing means in accordance with a distance moved by the observation position moving means to adjust the inclination angle.
The microscope according to claim 2.

Images