JP7456898B2 - Quick hardening concrete and method for producing quick hardening concrete - Google Patents
Quick hardening concrete and method for producing quick hardening concrete Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical class [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078583 calcium aluminosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
本発明は、速硬コンクリートおよび速硬コンクリートの製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to rapid hardening concrete and a method for producing rapid hardening concrete.
一般にモルタルやコンクリートのセメント組成物は、道路における緊急工事や一般工事の工期短縮を目的とする場合に於いて、早期強度発現性を有することが必要とされる。また、コンクリート製品についても硬化促進効果を付与したコンクリートであれば早期脱型が可能となり製造量が増加することから最終的にコスト減に繋がる。
モルタルやコンクリートの硬化を早期に促進する材料としては、各種の急硬性材料が知られており、例えば特許文献１では、長い可使時間の確保が可能で、かつ高い短時間強度発現性を付与できる急硬性材料及び該急硬性材料を含むセメント組成物が開示されている。
一方、粉体状減水剤における減水剤の比率を高め、減水性、流動保持性に優れた粉体状減水剤の製造方法について開示されている（特許文献２）。
In general, cement compositions for mortar and concrete are required to have early strength development when the purpose is to shorten the construction period of emergency construction or general construction on roads. In addition, with regard to concrete products, if concrete is given a hardening accelerating effect, early demolding becomes possible, which increases the amount of production, which ultimately leads to cost reduction.
Various rapidly hardening materials are known as materials that accelerate the hardening of mortar and concrete. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a material that can ensure a long pot life and provides high short-term strength development. Disclosed are rapidly hardening materials that can be used and cement compositions containing the rapidly hardening materials.
On the other hand, a method for producing a powdery water reducing agent that increases the proportion of the water reducing agent in the powdered water reducing agent and has excellent water reducing properties and fluidity retention properties is disclosed (Patent Document 2).
速硬コンクリートは、ベースとなるコンクリート内のセメント１００質量部に対して、配合の外割で５～１００質量部の速硬性混和材を添加することで作製する。その為、速硬コンクリートの結合材量は一般的なコンクリートよりも多くなり、流動性は小さくなる傾向にある。混練後の速硬コンクリートの流動性が小さい場合、（１）液体状減水剤の後添加、（２）粉体状減水剤の後添加による対処方法が考えられる。しかし、（１）の場合には流動性の改善は期待できるが、単位水量が増加することにより、強度発現の遅延、強度低下などの問題があった。（２）による方法は従来使用されていた粉体状減水剤は溶解性が不十分で、適当な流動性（スランプ：１５．０～２２．０ｃｍ程度）を得る為には多量の添加が必要であるとともに、一定の添加量以上では効果が頭打ちとなり十分な改善効果が得られなかった。
従って、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、後添加でも溶解性が良好な粉体状減水剤を用いた適当な流動性を有する速硬コンクリートを得ることである。
Rapid-hardening concrete is produced by adding 5 to 100 parts by mass of a quick-hardening admixture to 100 parts by mass of cement in the base concrete. Therefore, the amount of binder in fast-hardening concrete is greater than that of ordinary concrete, and its fluidity tends to be lower. If the fluidity of the quick-hardening concrete after mixing is low, possible countermeasures include (1) post-addition of a liquid water-reducing agent, and (2) post-addition of a powdery water-reducing agent. However, in the case of (1), although an improvement in fluidity can be expected, there are problems such as a delay in strength development and a decrease in strength due to an increase in the unit water amount. In method (2), the powder water reducing agent used conventionally has insufficient solubility, and a large amount must be added in order to obtain appropriate fluidity (slump: about 15.0 to 22.0 cm). At the same time, if the amount added exceeds a certain level, the effect reaches a plateau and a sufficient improvement effect cannot be obtained.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to obtain rapid hardening concrete having appropriate fluidity using a powder water reducing agent that has good solubility even after addition.
すなわち、本発明は、次の〔１〕～〔３〕を提供するものである。
〔１〕少なくとも、速硬性混和材と、２１μｍ以下の粒子含有率が５～３０体積％であり、且つ１８１μｍ以上の粒子含有率が１０～４０体積％である粉体状ポリカルボン酸系減水剤とを含む速硬コンクリート。
〔２〕前記速硬性混和材は、硝酸塩、亜硝酸塩、アルミン酸塩、硫酸アルミニウム及びカルシウムアルミネート類から選ばれる一種もしくは二種以上を主成分とする〔１〕の速硬コンクリート。
〔３〕少なくとも速硬性混和材を含む速硬コンクリートを製造した後、２１μｍ以下の粒子含有率が５～３０体積％であり、且つ１８１μｍ以上の粒子含有率が１０～４０体積％である粉体状ポリカルボン酸系減水剤を添加することを特徴とする速硬コンクリートの製造方法。
That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [3].
[1] At least a fast-curing admixture and a powdered polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent having a particle content of 21 μm or less from 5 to 30 volume % and a particle content of 181 μm or more from 10 to 40 volume %. and quick-hardening concrete.
[2] The quick-hardening concrete according to [1], wherein the quick-hardening admixture has one or more selected from nitrates, nitrites, aluminates, aluminum sulfates, and calcium aluminates as a main component.
[3] After producing quick-hardening concrete containing at least a quick-setting admixture, powder having a particle content of 21 μm or less is 5 to 30 volume % and a particle content of 181 μm or more is 10 to 40 volume % A method for producing quick-hardening concrete, which comprises adding a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent.
本発明の粉体状ポリカルボン酸系減水剤を用いることで、混練後の速硬コンクリートの流動性が小さい場合においても、良好な流動性を確保することが可能となる。 By using the powdered polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent of the present invention, it is possible to ensure good fluidity even when the fluidity of quick-hardening concrete after mixing is low.
本発明で用いられるセメントとしては、工業的に製造されるポルトランドセメントが使用できる。例えば、普通、早強、超早強、低熱及び中庸熱等の各種ポルトランドセメントが挙げられる。また、前記ポルトランドセメントに、フライアッシュ、高炉スラグ、シリカフューム又は石灰石微粉末等が混合された各種の混合セメントが挙げられる。これらセメントの一種であっても、二種以上のものであっても良い。配合量は、３００～５００ｋｇ／ｍ３が好ましい。 As the cement used in the present invention, industrially produced Portland cement can be used. Examples include various Portland cements such as normal, early strength, super early strength, low heat, and medium heat. Further, various mixed cements in which fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, fine limestone powder, etc. are mixed with the Portland cement may be mentioned. It may be one type of these cements or two or more types. The blending amount is preferably 300 to 500 kg/m 3 .
本発明で用いられる速硬性混和材は、セメントに添加することによって早期に硬化を促進する材料を指す。いわゆるセメント・コンクリート用の硬化促進剤と呼ばれるものであり、具体的には、硝酸塩、亜硝酸塩、アルミン酸塩、硫酸アルミニウム及びカルシウムアルミネート類から選ばれる一種もしくは二種以上を主成分とすることが好ましい。特に短時間強度発現性の観点からは、カルシウムアルミネート類を主成分として含む速硬性混和材が好ましい。ここでカルシウムアルミネート類とは、ＣａＯ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を主成分として構成される化合物をいい、具体的には、３ＣａＯ・Ａｌ２Ｏ３、１２ＣａＯ・７Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ・Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ・２Ａｌ２Ｏ３等のカルシウムアルミネート、ならびに、ＣａＯ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３以外の成分として、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３成分を含むカルシウムフェロアルミネート、あるいはＳＯ３成分を含むカルシウムサルホアルミネート、あるいはハロゲン成分を含むカルシウムハロアルミネート、あるいはＳｉＯ２成分を含むカルシウムアルミノシリケート等が挙げられる。これらは、結晶質、非晶質いずれであってもよい。速硬性混和材の添加量としてはセメント１００質量部に対して５～１００質量部が好ましく、１０～７０質量部がより好ましく、１５～５０質量部がさらに好ましい。 The fast-setting admixture used in the present invention refers to a material that accelerates hardening by adding it to cement. It is a so-called hardening accelerator for cement and concrete, and specifically, it is preferable that the main component is one or more selected from nitrates, nitrites, aluminates, aluminum sulfate, and calcium aluminates. In particular, from the viewpoint of short-term strength development, a fast-setting admixture containing calcium aluminates as the main component is preferable. Here, calcium aluminates refer to compounds mainly composed of CaO and Al 2 O 3 , specifically, calcium aluminates such as 3CaO·Al 2 O 3 , 12CaO·7Al 2 O 3 , CaO·Al 2 O 3 , and CaO·2Al 2 O 3 , as well as calcium ferroaluminate containing Fe 2 O 3 component, calcium sulfoaluminate containing SO 3 component, calcium haloaluminate containing halogen component, or calcium aluminosilicate containing SiO 2 component, etc., as components other than CaO and Al 2 O 3. These may be either crystalline or amorphous. The amount of the fast-hardening admixture to be added is preferably 5 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 70 parts by mass, and even more preferably 15 to 50 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of cement.
本発明において用いられる粉体状減水剤は、ポリカルボン酸系減水剤である。具体的には、側鎖の立体反発により分散を安定にし、少ない添加量でも優れた減水性、流動保持性を得られるものが好ましく、例えば、ポリカルボン酸エーテル系の複合体、ポリカルボン酸エーテル系と架橋ポリマーの複合体、ポリカルボン酸エーテル系と配向ポリマーの複合体、ポリカルボン酸エーテル系と高変性ポリマーの複合体、ポリエーテルカルボン酸系高分子化合物、マレイン酸共重合物、マレイン酸エステル共重合物、マレイン酸誘導体共重合物、カルボキシル基含有ポリエーテル系、末端スルホン基を有するポリカルボン酸基含有多元ポリマー、ポリカルボン酸系グラフトコポリマー、ポリカルボン酸系化合物、ポリカルボン酸と変性リグニン、ポリカルボン酸エーテル系ポリマーなどいずれのものでも構わない。 The powder water reducing agent used in the present invention is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent. Specifically, it is preferable to use a material that stabilizes dispersion through steric repulsion of side chains and provides excellent water-reducing properties and fluidity retention even with a small amount of addition, such as polycarboxylic acid ether complexes and polycarboxylic acid ether complexes. composites of polycarboxylic acid ether systems and crosslinked polymers, composites of polycarboxylic acid ether systems and oriented polymers, composites of polycarboxylic acid ether systems and highly modified polymers, polyether carboxylic acid-based polymer compounds, maleic acid copolymers, maleic acid Ester copolymers, maleic acid derivative copolymers, carboxyl group-containing polyethers, polycarboxylic acid group-containing multicomponents with terminal sulfonic groups, polycarboxylic acid graft copolymers, polycarboxylic acid compounds, modified with polycarboxylic acids Any material such as lignin or polycarboxylic acid ether polymer may be used.
本発明の粉体状ポリカルボン酸系減水剤は、２１μｍ以下の粒子を５～３０体積％、１８１μｍ以上の粒子を１０～４０体積％含有するものである。２１μｍ以下の粒子は溶解性が高く初期（練混ぜ直後）における流動性に対して寄与する。５体積％未満では初期における流動性が低下し、３０体積％以上ではその効果は頭打ちとなる。一方、１８１μｍ以上の粒子は流動性の保持効果が高く、長期（練混ぜ６０分後）における流動性に対して寄与する。１０体積％未満では長期における流動性が低下し、４０体積％を超えると材齢６時間における圧縮強度が低下する。
従って、粉体状ポリカルボン酸系減水剤の粒度を、２１μｍ以下の粒子を５～３０体積％、１８１μｍ以上の粒子を１０～４０体積％の範囲に調製することによって、初期および長期における流動性、ならびに強度発現性が良好な速硬コンクリートを得ることができる。なお、粒度分布は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置を用いて測定した値とする。例えば、Ｓｙｍｐａｔｅｃ ＧｍｂＨ社製レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置ＨＥＬＯＳ＆ＲＯＤＯＳ等を用いることができる。
The powdered polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent of the present invention contains 5 to 30% by volume of particles of 21 μm or less and 10 to 40% by volume of particles of 181 μm or more. Particles of 21 μm or less have high solubility and contribute to fluidity in the initial stage (immediately after kneading). If it is less than 5% by volume, the initial fluidity will decrease, and if it is more than 30% by volume, the effect will reach a plateau. On the other hand, particles of 181 μm or more have a high fluidity retention effect and contribute to fluidity over a long period of time (60 minutes after kneading). If it is less than 10% by volume, the long-term fluidity will decrease, and if it exceeds 40% by volume, the compressive strength at 6 hours will decrease.
Therefore, by adjusting the particle size of the powdered polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent to a range of 5 to 30 volume % of particles of 21 μm or less and 10 to 40 volume % of particles of 181 μm or more, it is possible to improve fluidity in the initial and long term. , and quick-hardening concrete with good strength development properties can be obtained. Note that the particle size distribution is a value measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device. For example, a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer HELOS&RODOS manufactured by Sympatec GmbH can be used.
粒度分布の調製方法は特に限定されず、例えば、粉体状減水剤を篩分け（分級）し、分級した粉体状減水剤を適当な粒度分布となるよう調整する方法が考えられる。また、減水剤の配合量は、結合材１００質量部（セメントと速硬性混和材の合量）に対して、０．０１～０．２０質量部が好ましい。 The method for preparing the particle size distribution is not particularly limited, and for example, a method of sieving (classifying) the powdered water reducing agent and adjusting the classified powdered water reducing agent to have an appropriate particle size distribution can be considered. Further, the amount of water reducing agent added is preferably 0.01 to 0.20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder (total amount of cement and fast-setting admixture).
本発明で用いられる骨材としては、通常のコンクリートの製造に使用される細骨材及び粗骨材を何れも使用することができる。そのような細骨材及び粗骨材として、例えば川砂、海砂、山砂、砕砂、人工細骨材、スラグ細骨材、再生細骨材、珪砂、川砂利、陸砂利、砕石、人工粗骨材、スラグ粗骨材、再生粗骨材等が挙げられる。骨材の配合量は、１３００～２２００ｋｇ／ｍ３が好ましく、さらに１４００～２０００ｋｇ／ｍ３が好ましい。 As the aggregate used in the present invention, both fine aggregate and coarse aggregate used in the production of ordinary concrete can be used. Such fine aggregates and coarse aggregates include, for example, river sand, sea sand, mountain sand, crushed sand, artificial fine aggregate, slag fine aggregate, recycled fine aggregate, silica sand, river gravel, land gravel, crushed stone, and artificial coarse aggregate. Examples include aggregate, slag coarse aggregate, recycled coarse aggregate, and the like. The blending amount of aggregate is preferably 1300 to 2200 kg/m 3 , more preferably 1400 to 2000 kg/m 3 .
本発明で用いられる水は、特に限定されるものではなく、水道水などを使用することができる。水の配合量（単位水量）は、１５０～１８０ｋｇ／ｍ３とすることが、材料分離抵抗性を高めることから好ましい。また、水の配合量は、セメント１００質量部に対し、３５～６５質量部とすることが好ましい。 The water used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and tap water or the like can be used. The amount of water (unit amount of water) is preferably 150 to 180 kg/m 3 in order to improve material separation resistance. Further, the amount of water blended is preferably 35 to 65 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement.
本発明の速硬コンクリートには、十分な可使時間を確保する観点から、さらに凝結遅延剤を添加することが好ましい。具体的には、例えばクエン酸、グルコン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸などの有機酸、又はその塩、ホウ酸、ホウ酸ナトリウム等のホウ酸塩、リン酸塩、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、アルカリ金属重炭酸塩等の無機塩、糖類などが挙げられる。凝結遅延剤の添加量としては、結合材１００質量部に対して、０．０５～２．０質量部であることが好ましい。 From the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient pot life, it is preferable to further add a setting retarder to the quick-hardening concrete of the present invention. Specifically, organic acids such as citric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid, or salts thereof, borates such as boric acid and sodium borate, phosphates, alkali metal carbonates, and alkali metal bicarbonates. Examples include inorganic salts such as salts, sugars, and the like. The amount of the setting retarder added is preferably 0.05 to 2.0 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the binder.
本発明の速硬コンクリートには、前記成分の他にも、必要に応じて、本発明の特長が損なわない程度において、さらに各種混和剤（材）を添加することを妨げない。例えば、増粘剤、収縮低減剤、膨張材、セメント用ポリマー、防水材、防錆剤、凍結防止剤、保水剤、顔料、白華防止剤、発泡剤、消泡剤、撥水剤、繊維等が挙げられる。 In addition to the above-mentioned components, various admixtures (materials) may be added to the quick-hardening concrete of the present invention, if necessary, to the extent that the features of the present invention are not impaired. For example, thickeners, shrinkage reducers, expanding agents, polymers for cement, waterproofing materials, rust inhibitors, antifreeze agents, water retention agents, pigments, anti-efflorescence agents, foaming agents, antifoaming agents, water repellents, fibers. etc.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明は何らこれらに限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
＜粉体状カルボン酸系減水剤の作製＞
粒度調製を行い、粒度分布の異なる９種類（Ａ１～Ａ５、Ｂ１～Ｂ４）の粉体状ポリカルボン酸系減水剤を得た。表１に示す。粒度分布は、Ｓｙｍｐａｔｅｃ ＧｍｂＨ社製レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置ＨＥＬＯＳ＆ＲＯＤＯＳを用いて測定した。
<Preparation of powdered carboxylic acid water reducing agent>
Particle size was adjusted to obtain powdered polycarboxylic acid water reducing agents of nine types (A1 to A5, B1 to B4) with different particle size distributions. It is shown in Table 1. The particle size distribution was measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer HELOS&RODOS manufactured by Sympatec GmbH.
＜速硬コンクリートの製造＞
粒度調製した粉体状ポリカルボン酸系減水剤を用いた速硬コンクリートを製造して評価した。速硬コンクリートの製造に使用した材料を表２に示す。また、コンクリート配合を表３に示す。なお、ＡＥ減水剤（Ａｄ）はセメント１００質量部に対して１．０質量部を添加し、速硬性混和材（Ｆ）は結合材（記号Ｂ；Ｂ＝Ｃ＋Ｆ）１００質量部に対して３０質量部、凝結遅延剤（Ｒ）は結合材１００質量部に対して１．０質量部を添加した。
<Production of quick hardening concrete>
Rapid hardening concrete using a powdered polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with adjusted particle size was produced and evaluated. Table 2 shows the materials used to produce the quick-hardening concrete. Further, the concrete composition is shown in Table 3. In addition, AE water reducing agent (Ad) is added in an amount of 1.0 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement, and fast-setting admixture (F) is added in an amount of 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of binder (symbol B; B=C+F). 1.0 parts by mass of the setting retarder (R) was added to 100 parts by mass of the binder.
表３に示した配合の速硬コンクリートを強制２軸式コンクリートミキサで混練し製造した。具体的には、凝結遅延剤（Ｒ）およびＡＥ減水剤（Ａｄ）を水（Ｗ）に溶解し、その溶解液と粗骨材（Ｇ）、細骨材（Ｓ）、セメント（Ｃ）、速硬性混和材（Ｆ）をミキサ内に投入し、１８０秒間混練することでスランプ５．０ｃｍの速硬コンクリートを製造した。次に、その速硬コンクリートに対して、粉体状ポリカルボン酸系減水剤（Ａ１～Ａ４、Ｂ１～Ｂ５）を所定量添加し、更に１２０秒間混練した。なお、速硬コンクリートの製造は環境温度２０℃にて実施した。 Rapid hardening concrete having the composition shown in Table 3 was mixed and manufactured using a forced twin-screw concrete mixer. Specifically, a set retarder (R) and an AE water reducer (Ad) are dissolved in water (W), and the solution is mixed with coarse aggregate (G), fine aggregate (S), cement (C), The quick-hardening admixture (F) was put into a mixer and kneaded for 180 seconds to produce quick-hardening concrete with a slump of 5.0 cm. Next, a predetermined amount of powdered polycarboxylic acid water reducing agents (A1 to A4, B1 to B5) was added to the quick-hardening concrete, and the mixture was further kneaded for 120 seconds. Note that the production of quick-hardening concrete was carried out at an environmental temperature of 20°C.
＜品質評価試験＞
製造した速硬コンクリートの性能は下記に示す試験を行い評価した。なお、試験の環境温度は２０℃とした。
（１）スランプ試験
ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０１「コンクリートのスランプ試験方法」に準拠し、混練直後のスランプ（ＳＬ１）および混練６０分後におけるスランプ（ＳＬ２）を測定した。初期流動性については混練直後のスランプ（ＳＬ１）で、長期流動性についてはスランプ比（ＳＬ２／ＳＬ１）を用いて評価した。なお、高流動のコンクリートについては、スランプに替えてスランプフローで評価した。スランプフローの測定は、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０５「コンクリートのスランプフロー試験方法」に準拠し測定した。スランプフローを測定した場合は、スランプフローの比をもってスランプ比とした。
（２）圧縮強度試験
ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０８「コンクリートの圧縮強度試験方法」に準拠し、材齢６時間及び材齢２４時間（アンボンドキャッピング）における圧縮強度を測定した。
<Quality evaluation test>
The performance of the produced quick-hardening concrete was evaluated by conducting the tests shown below. Note that the environmental temperature of the test was 20°C.
(1) Slump test Based on JIS A 1101 "Slump test method for concrete", slump immediately after mixing (SL1) and slump 60 minutes after mixing (SL2) were measured. The initial fluidity was evaluated using the slump (SL1) immediately after kneading, and the long-term fluidity was evaluated using the slump ratio (SL2/SL1). For high-flow concrete, slump flow was used instead of slump. The slump flow was measured in accordance with JIS A 1105 "Slump flow test method for concrete". When the slump flow was measured, the ratio of the slump flow was taken as the slump ratio.
(2) Compressive strength test Compressive strength was measured at 6 hours of material age and 24 hours of material age (unbonded capping) in accordance with JIS A 1108 "Test method for compressive strength of concrete".
＜試験結果＞
試験結果を表４に示す。２１μｍ以下の粒子を５～３０体積％、１８１μｍ以上の粒子を１０～４０体積％含有する水準（Ａ１～Ａ５）においては、結合材の０．２０質量％以下添加することで、初期流動性（練混ぜ直後のスランプ）、長期流動性（練混ぜ６０分後のスランプ）、圧縮強度、いずれも良好な傾向が確認された。また、添加率の増加に比例して流動性の増大を確認でき、スランプフロー７５．０ｃｍ程度まで流動性を調整可能であった。一方、２１μｍ以下の粒度が少ない水準（Ｂ１）では、所定の初期流動性を得る為に多大な添加率が必要であり、一定の添加量以上では効果が頭打ちとなった。２１μｍ以下の粒度が多い水準（Ｂ２）また、１８１μｍ以上の粒度が少ない水準（Ｂ３）では、長期における流動性のロスが大きくなった。１８１μｍ以上の粒度が多い水準（Ｂ４）では、材齢６時間における圧縮強度が小さくなる傾向が確認された。
<Test Results>
The test results are shown in Table 4. At levels (A1 to A5) containing 5 to 30 volume % of particles of 21 μm or less and 10 to 40 volume % of particles of 181 μm or more, adding 0.20 mass % or less of the binder showed good initial fluidity (slump immediately after mixing), long-term fluidity (slump after 60 minutes of mixing), and compressive strength. In addition, an increase in fluidity was confirmed in proportion to an increase in the addition rate, and fluidity could be adjusted to about 75.0 cm slump flow. On the other hand, at the level (B1) where the particle size of 21 μm or less is small, a large addition rate is required to obtain a predetermined initial fluidity, and the effect plateaus at a certain amount of addition. At the level (B2) where the particle size of 21 μm or less is large and the particle size of 181 μm or more is small (B3), the loss of fluidity in the long term was large. At the level (B4) where the particle size of 181 μm or more is large, a tendency for compressive strength at an age of 6 hours to decrease was confirmed.
Claims (3)
After producing quick-hardening concrete containing at least a quick-setting admixture, powdered polycarbonate containing 5 to 30 volume % of particles of 21 μm or less and 10 to 40 volume % of particles of 181 μm or more is used. A method for producing quick-hardening concrete characterized by adding an acid-based water reducer.
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