JP7449583B2 - 標的特異的複合体及びその用途 - Google Patents
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Description
[1]標的分子に対して特異的結合性を示す分子に、薬物と近赤外光感受物質が連結した構造の標的特異的複合体。
[2]前記特異的結合性分子が抗体又は抗原結合抗体断片である、[1]に記載の標的特異的複合体。
[3]前記標的分子が細胞表面タンパク質である、[1]又は[2]に記載の標的特異的複合体。
[4]前記細胞表面タンパク質が腫瘍特異的タンパク質である、[3]に記載の標的特異的複合体。
[5]前記腫瘍特異的タンパク質がHER1、HER2、HER3、CD3、CD19、CD20、CD25、CD26、CD33、CD44、CD52、PDL-1、CTLA-4、EpCAM、GD2、VEGFR、VEGFR2、CCR4、PMSA、メソテリン、GPC3、CEA、MUC1、c-KIT、DLL-3、PDPN、GPR85、GPR78、Cadherin3、Trop-2、B7-H3又はエフリン受容体である、[4]に記載の標的特異的複合体。
[6]前記薬物が細胞障害性薬である、[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の標的特異的複合体。
[7]前記細胞障害性薬が、アルキル化薬剤、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、微小管重合阻害剤、微小管脱重合阻害薬、トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤、植物アルカロイド、ホルモン剤及び細菌由来毒素から選択される一又は二以上の薬物である、[6]に記載の標的特異的複合体。
[8]前記薬物が抗がん剤である、[4]又は[5]に記載の標的特異的複合体。
[9]前記近赤外光感受物質がフタロシアニン色素である、[1]~[8]のいずれか一項に記載の標的特異的複合体。
[10]前記フタロシアニン色素がIR700である、[9]に記載の標的特異的複合体。
[11][1]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載の標的特異的複合体を含有する医薬組成物。
[12]がんの治療又は予防に使用される、[11]に記載の医薬組成物。
[13]がんが、非小細胞肺がん、小細胞肺がん、乳がん、胃がん、大腸がん、腎がん、頭頸部がん、悪性黒色腫、ホジキンリンパ腫、B細胞性非ホジキンリンパ腫、マントル細胞リンパ腫、慢性リンパ性白血病、フィラデルフィア染色体陽性急性リンパ性白血病、多発性骨髄腫、成人T細胞白血、末梢性T細胞リンパ腫、皮膚T細胞リンパ腫、神経芽腫、膀胱がん、尿管がん、血管肉腫、直腸がん、肛門がん、小腸がん、十二指腸がん、膵臓がん、胆管がん、肝がん、胆嚢がん、食道がん、GIST、悪性中皮腫、胸腺腫瘍、口腔がん又は脳腫瘍である、[12]に記載の医薬組成物。
[14]以下のステップ(1)及び(2)を含む、治療方法:
(1)[11]~[13]のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物を治療対象に投与し、前記標的特異的複合体を標的細胞に結合させるステップ、
(2)前記標的細胞に近赤外光を照射するステップ。
[15]前記近赤外光の波長が660~740nmである、[14]に記載の治療方法。
[16]前記近赤外光の波長が670~720nmである、[14]に記載の治療方法。
[17]前記近赤外光の照射線量が1J cm-2以上である、[14]~[16]のいずれか一項に記載の治療方法。
[18]前記近赤外光の照射線量が2J cm-2~500J cm-2である、[14]~[16]のいずれか一項に記載の治療方法。
[19]前記近赤外光の照射線量が5J cm-2~300J cm-2である、[14]~[16]のいずれか一項に記載の治療方法。
[20]近赤外光の照射によって壊死性細胞死が誘導された後、前記標的特異的複合体に結合した前記薬物が拡散し、周囲の細胞に障害を与える、[14]~[19]のいずれか一項に記載の治療方法。
本発明の第1の局面は、標的(攻撃の対象)に特異的結合性を示す構造体である「標的特異的複合体」に関する。本発明の標的特異的複合体は、標的の表面分子に対して特異的結合性を示す分子(以下、「特異的結合性分子」と呼ぶ)に、薬物と近赤外光感受物質が連結した構造を有する。
トラスツズマブ(Herceptin(登録商標));HER2;乳がん、胃がん
アレムツズマブ(Campath(登録商標));CD52;CLL(慢性リンパ性白血病)
セツキシマブ(Erbitux(登録商標));EGFR;大腸がん、頭頸部がん
パニツムマブ(Vectibix(登録商標));EGFR;大腸がん
オファツムマブ(Arzerra(登録商標));CD20;CLL
デノスマブ(Ranmark(登録商標));RANKL;多発性骨髄腫による骨病変及び固形がん骨転移による骨病変、骨関連事象予防、骨巨細胞腫
イピリムマブ(Yervoy(登録商標));CTLA-4;悪性黒色腫
モガムリズマブ(Poteligeo(登録商標));CCR4;ATL(成人T細胞白血)、PTCL(末梢性T細胞リンパ腫)、CTCL(皮膚T細胞リンパ腫)
ペルツズマブ(Perjeta(登録商標));HER2;乳がん
オビヌツズマブ(Gazyva(登録商標));CD20;CLL
ラムシルマブ(Cyramza(登録商標));VEGFR2;胃腺がん及び胃食道接合部腺がん、非小細胞肺がん、大腸がん
ニボルマブ(Opdivo(登録商標));PD-1;悪性黒色腫、非小細胞肺がん、腎がん、ホジキンリンパ腫、頭頸部がん、胃がん、小細胞肺がん
ペムブロリズマブ(Keytruda(登録商標));PD-1;悪性黒色腫、非小細胞肺がん
ブリナツモマブ(Blincyto(登録商標));CD19/CD3;Ph-ALL(フィラデルフィア染色体陽性急性リンパ性白血病)
ジヌツキシマブ(Unituxin(登録商標));GD2;神経芽腫
ダラツムマブ(Darzalex(登録商標));CD38;多発性骨髄腫
ネシツムマブ(Portrazza(登録商標));EGFR;非小細胞肺がん
エロツズマブ(Empliciti(登録商標));SLAMF7;多発性骨髄腫
ゲムツズマブ オゾガマイシン(Mylotarg(登録商標));CD33;再発・難治性AML(急性骨髄性白血病)
ブレンツキシマブ ベドチン(Adcetris(登録商標));CD30;再発・難治性ホジキンリンパ腫、未分化大細胞リンパ腫
トラスツズマブ エムタンシン(Kadcyla(登録商標));HER2;乳がん
イノツズマブ オゾガマイシン(BESPONSA(登録商標);CD22;再発又は難治性の前駆B細胞性急性リンパ性白血病
ロバルピツズマブ テシリン(Rova-T);DLL-3;小細胞肺癌、内分泌大細胞肺癌
サシツズマブ ゴビテカン(Sacituzumab Govitecan);Trop-2;尿路上皮がん、乳がん
本発明の標的特異的複合体を製剤化し、医薬組成物を調製することができる。一般に、製剤化には薬学的に許容されるキャリア(担体、ビヒクル)が用いられる。キャリアの例として水、生理食塩水、平衡塩溶液、水性デキストロース、グリセロール、マンニトール、ラクトース、デンプン及びステアリン酸マグネシウムを挙げることができる。薬学的に許容されるキャリア及びその使用方法等については、例えばRemington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, by E. W. Martin, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 19th Edition (1995)を参照することができる。
(1)本発明の医薬組成物を治療対象に投与し、本発明の標的特異的複合体を標的細胞に結合させるステップ
(2)前記標的細胞に近赤外光を照射するステップ。
1.T-DM1(Trastuzumab+N2’-deacetyl-N2’-Maytansine)-IR700の調製と品質の確認
1-1.実験方法
まず、T-DM1-IR700の合成を行った。T-DM1(1.0mg, 6.6nmol)とIR700(66.8μg, 34.2nmol)をNa2HPO4(pH8.5) 0.1Mとともに室温下で1時間インキュベートし、その後、Sephadex G50カラム(PD-10; GE healthcare)に通して混合液を回収した(T-DM1-IR700溶液)。クマシー染色後に吸光度(波長595nm)を測定し、T-DM1-IR700の濃度(タンパク濃度)の求めた。また、吸光度(波長698nm)の測定によってIR700の濃度を求め、抗体に結合した蛍光分子の数を確認した。一方、上記混合液をSDS-PAGEに供し、抗体とIR700の結合を確認した。同様の方法でT-DM1-IR800も作製した。SDS-PAGEでのコントロールには希釈したT-DM1を用い、撮影はPearl imager(LICOR)で行った。
タンパク質染色(図1左)のバンドの高さでT-DM1-IR700のみに蛍光を認め(図1右)、T-DM1とIR700が結合(コンジュゲート)したことを確認した。
2-1.実験方法
3T3/HER2(HER2陽性マウス線維芽細胞:HER2陽性)とMDAMB-468 Luc(ルシフェラーゼ恒常発現ヒト乳がん細胞:HER2陰性)をそれぞれ1×105ずつプレートに播種し、作製したT-DM1-IR700と37℃で6時間インキュベートした後、フローサイトメトリーで蛍光強度を測定した。また、T-DM1-IR700のHER2への特異的な結合能を評価するため、先にTraszutuma b(Tra)100μgを細胞へ添加し、T-DM1-IR700の抗原への結合を阻害した後、T-DM1-IR700 10μgを投与し、蛍光強度を測定した。
3T3/HER2での検討では蛍光が増強し(図2左)、MDA-MB-468では蛍光の増強を認めなかった(図2右)。よって、HER2陽性細胞へのみT-DM1-IR700が結合したと考えられる。また、Traszutumabを前投与した後に蛍光を測定すると、3T3/HER2において蛍光は低下した。よって、T-DM1-IR700はHER2抗原へ特異的に結合していると言える。
3-1.実験方法
3T3/HER2-luc細胞及びMDAMB-468-luc細胞をそれぞれ1×104ずつ1mlの培地とともに24穴プレートに播種した。24時間後、各濃度のTra-IR700又はT-DM1-IR700含有の培地に交換した。4日後、プレートリーダーを用いてルシフェラーゼ活性を測定し、HER2陰性細胞の生存を評価した。
T-DM1-IR700はHER2陽性の3T3/HER2-luc細胞に対して増殖抑制効果を示した(図3左)。また、高濃度のT-DM1-IR700を用いればHER2陰性のMDAMB-468-luc細胞に対しても増殖抑制効果が認められた(図3右)。これは、T-DM1のモノクローナル抗体部分から非特異的に遊離してしまうペイロードの濃度が上昇する影響や、高濃度による細胞膜の受動輸送(非特異的取り込み)による影響と推測された。副作用を出さない通常使用濃度であれば、MDAMB-468-luc細胞には増殖抑制効果はないと確認された。両細胞のIC50の間には約50倍の差が認められた。Tra-IR700は3T3/HER2-luc細胞には軽度の増殖抑制効果を示す一方(図3左)、MDAMB-468-lucに対しては増殖抑制効果を示さなかった(図3右)。
4-1.実験方法(図4)
3T3/HER2細胞及びMDA-MB-468-luc細胞を5×104ずつ混合し、12穴プレートに播種し混合培養した。24時間のインキュベーションの後、上清を除去し、Tra-IR700(10 μg/mL)又はT-DM1-IR700(1μg/mL、5μg/mL又は10 μg/mL)含有の培地に交換した。その後、さらに6時間のインキュベーションを行った。次に、細胞をPBSで2回洗浄した後、発光波長690nmのLEDを用いて近赤外光(4J/cm2)を照射した。治療4日後に細胞のルシフェラーゼ活性を測定し、NIR-PITの効果を評価した。ルシフェラーゼ活性測定前に細胞をPBSで洗浄しておき、D-ルシフェリン(150μg/mL, 200μl)をプレートに添加して、プレートリーダーを用いてルシフェラーゼの発光強度を定量測定した。
ルシフェラーゼ活性の発光量(RLU値)は、T-DM1-IR700を用いたNIR-PITを行った群で有意に低下し、コントロールやTra-IR700を用いたNIR-PITの群では低下しなかった(図5)。T-DM1-IR700のみでもルシフェラーゼ活性の低下が用量依存性に認められたが、NIR-PITを行うと、少ない用量であってもルシフェラーゼ活性の低下がより顕著となった。これらの結果から、T-DM1-IR700を用いたNIR-PITによる光化学反応よって抗体からペイロードが遊離するのを促進し、HER2陰性であるMDA-MB-468細胞にも細胞障害効果(Photo-By stander Effect)を示したと推測した。
5-1.実験方法(図6)
3T3/HER2細胞(5×106個)及びMDAMB-468-luc細胞(1×107個)を150μlのPBSへ混合し、8-10週齢のヌードマウスの両背臀側に皮下移植した。NIR-PITの治療効果は、推定腫瘍体積と腫瘍のルシフェラーゼ活性を測定して定量評価した。腫瘍の長径及び短径を計測し、「長径×短径2×1/2」で推定腫瘍体積を算出した。推定腫瘍体積が100mm3を超えたマウスを実験に用いた。腫瘍のルシフェラーゼ活性は、D-ルシフェリン(7.5mg/mL, 200μl)を腹腔内へ投与し、IVIS(登録商標) imaging systemを用いて計測した。測定する発光の単位は放射輝度とし、解析はLiving Image Software(登録商標)で行った。担癌マウスは以下の5グループに分類した。(1)PBS i.v.,光照射なし(コントロール);(2)PBS i.v., 光照射あり、右側の腫瘍のみ;(3)Tra-IR700 100μg i.v., 光照射あり、右側の腫瘍のみ;(4)T-DM1-IR700 3.6μg/g i.v., 光照射なし;(5) T-DM1-IR700 3.6μg/g i.v., 光照射あり、右側の腫瘍のみ。細胞を皮下移植して4日後から、レーザを用いたNIR-PITを行った(i.v. 1日後に15J/cm2、i.v. 2日後に30J/cm2)。治療後、腫瘍の長径が20mmを超えるまで計測を継続した。
T-DM1-IR700を用いたNIR-PIT治療群と、T-DM1-IR700投与のみの群の間に有意差が認められた(図7)。腫瘍のルシフェラーゼ活性は、T-DM1-IR700を静脈内投与したマウスにおいて、レーザーを照射した右側の腫瘍のRLU値は低下し、照射していない左側の腫瘍のRLU値は低下しなかった。また、腫瘍体積も、右側の腫瘍の方が左側よりも小さくなった。in vitroの結果と同様、T-DM1-IR700を用いたNIR-PITを行うことで、HER2陽性細胞部分の腫瘍のみならず、HER2陰性細胞部分の腫瘍にも効果を示し(Photo-By stander Effect)、高い抗腫瘍効果が得られたと考えられる。
T-DM1(ADC)とIR700を結合(コンジュゲート)した複合体を用いたNIR-PITが高い抗腫瘍効果を発揮した。この革新的な戦略、即ち、標的キャリア(薬物)-IR700複合体を用いたNIR-PITによれば、固形腫瘍の不均一性に起因する治療抵抗性に対処できるとともに、腫瘍局所での高濃度の薬剤散布、腫瘍深部への薬剤の浸透が可能になり、高い治療効果を期待できる。この戦略は、腫瘍の分野だけでなく、抗体薬物が使用され始めた感染症や膠原病などの疾患に幅広く応用できる光伝送薬物療法であり、その利用価値は極めて高い。尚、標的キャリア(薬物)-IR700複合体による、標的近傍の非標的細胞への局所的な治療効果をPhoto-By stander効果と名付けた。
Claims (18)
- 標的分子に対して特異的結合性を示す抗体又は抗体断片に、薬物と近赤外光感受物質であるフタロシアニン色素が連結した構造の標的特異的複合体。
- 前記標的分子が細胞表面タンパク質である、請求項1に記載の標的特異的複合体。
- 前記細胞表面タンパク質が腫瘍特異的タンパク質である、請求項2に記載の標的特異的複合体。
- 前記腫瘍特異的タンパク質がHER1、HER2、HER3、CD3、CD19、CD20、CD25、CD26、CD33、CD44、CD52、PDL-1、CTLA-4、EpCAM、GD2、VEGFR、VEGFR2、CCR4、PMSA、メソテリン、GPC3、CEA、MUC1、c-KIT、DLL-3、PDPN、GPR85、GPR78、Cadherin3、Trop-2、B7-H3又はエフリン受容体である、請求項3に記載の標的特異的複合体。
- 前記薬物が細胞障害性薬である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の標的特異的複合体。
- 前記細胞障害性薬が、アルキル化薬剤、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、微小管重合阻害剤、微小管脱重合阻害薬、トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤、植物アルカロイド、ホルモン剤及び細菌由来毒素から選択される一又は二以上の薬物である、請求項5に記載の標的特異的複合体。
- 前記薬物が抗がん剤である、請求項3又は4に記載の標的特異的複合体。
- 前記フタロシアニン色素がIR700である、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の標的特異的複合体。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の標的特異的複合体を含有する医薬組成物。
- がんの治療又は予防に使用される、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- がんが、非小細胞肺がん、小細胞肺がん、乳がん、胃がん、大腸がん、腎がん、頭頸部がん、悪性黒色腫、ホジキンリンパ腫、B細胞性非ホジキンリンパ腫、マントル細胞リンパ腫、慢性リンパ性白血病、フィラデルフィア染色体陽性急性リンパ性白血病、多発性骨髄腫、成人T細胞白血、末梢性T細胞リンパ腫、皮膚T細胞リンパ腫、神経芽腫、膀胱がん、尿管がん、血管肉腫、直腸がん、肛門がん、小腸がん、十二指腸がん、膵臓がん、胆管がん、肝がん、胆嚢がん、食道がん、GIST、悪性中皮腫、胸腺腫瘍、口腔がん又は脳腫瘍である、請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
- 以下のステップ(1)及び(2)を含む、治療方法(ただし、ヒトの治療方法を除く。):
(1)請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物を治療対象に投与し、前記標的特異的複合体を標的細胞に結合させるステップ、
(2)前記標的細胞に近赤外光を照射するステップ。 - 前記近赤外光の波長が660~740nmである、請求項12に記載の治療方法。
- 前記近赤外光の波長が670~720nmである、請求項12に記載の治療方法。
- 前記近赤外光の照射線量が1J cm-2以上である、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の治療方法。
- 前記近赤外光の照射線量が2J cm-2~500J cm-2である、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の治療方法。
- 前記近赤外光の照射線量が5J cm-2~300J cm-2である、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の治療方法。
- 近赤外光の照射によって壊死性細胞死が誘導された後、前記標的特異的複合体に結合した前記薬物が拡散し、周囲の細胞に障害を与える、請求項12~17のいずれか一項に記載の治療方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SATO, K., et al,Photoinduced Ligand Release from a Silicon Phthalocyanine Dye Conjugated with Monoclonal Antibodies:,ACS Cent. Sci.,2018年,Vol. 4,pp. 1559-1569 |
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