JP7445370B2 - cement - Google Patents
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- JP7445370B2 JP7445370B2 JP2020046901A JP2020046901A JP7445370B2 JP 7445370 B2 JP7445370 B2 JP 7445370B2 JP 2020046901 A JP2020046901 A JP 2020046901A JP 2020046901 A JP2020046901 A JP 2020046901A JP 7445370 B2 JP7445370 B2 JP 7445370B2
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
本発明は、長期の強度発現性に優れたセメント、およびその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a cement with excellent long-term strength development and a method for producing the same.
マスコンクリートの施工では、セメントの水和熱に起因するコンクリートの温度ひび割れを減らすために、水和熱が低い低熱ポルトランドセメントが多用されている。また、近年、施工技術の進歩により超高層ビルが多く建設されており、この分野では低発熱に加えて、強度発現性がより高いセメントが求められている。
そして、セメントの強度発現性を高くするためには、セメントクリンカ(以下、単に「クリンカ」という。)中のビーライトの活性化が必要であるが、今まで、その方法は知られていなかった。
In mass concrete construction, low-temperature Portland cement, which has a low heat of hydration, is often used to reduce temperature cracks in concrete caused by the heat of hydration of cement. In addition, in recent years, many skyscrapers have been constructed due to advances in construction technology, and in this field there is a need for cement that not only generates less heat but also has higher strength development.
In order to increase the strength of cement, it is necessary to activate belite in cement clinker (hereinafter simply referred to as "clinker"), but until now, there was no known method for doing so. .
ところで、特許文献1では、長期強度を維持しつつ初期強度を向上させた低熱ポルトランドセメントを製造することを目的として、低熱ポルトランドセメントクリンカ中の少量成分の含有量を調整することにより、この低熱ポルトランドセメントクリンカの粉末X線回折プロファイルをリートベルト法で解析して、判明する鉱物組成を管理する低熱ポルトランドセメントの製造方法が提案されている。
しかし、引用文献1には、クリンカ中の固溶アルカリ量を規定して、初期強度を改善するという記載はあるが、長期強度を改善する記載はない。また、全アルカリ量から水溶性アルカリ量を差し引いて固溶アルカリ量を算出しているため、固溶アルカリが、どのセメント鉱物に固溶しているか(例えば、ビーライトに固溶しているか否か)は不明である。
By the way, in Patent Document 1, for the purpose of producing low-heat Portland cement with improved initial strength while maintaining long-term strength, this low-heat Portland cement is manufactured by adjusting the content of minor components in the low-heat Portland cement clinker. A method for producing low-temperature Portland cement has been proposed in which the powder X-ray diffraction profile of nitclinker is analyzed using the Rietveld method and the mineral composition determined is controlled.
However, although there is a description in Cited Document 1 that the initial strength is improved by regulating the amount of solid solution alkali in the clinker, there is no description that the long-term strength is improved. In addition, since the amount of solid solution alkali is calculated by subtracting the amount of water-soluble alkali from the total amount of alkali, it is possible to determine which cement mineral the solid solution alkali is dissolved in (for example, whether it is dissolved in BELITE or not). ) is unknown.
したがって、本発明はクリンカ中のビーライトを活性化して、長期の強度発現性が向上したセメント、およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a cement with improved long-term strength development by activating belite in clinker, and a method for producing the same.
本発明者は、前記目的にかなうセメントを検討したところ、ビーライトの円形度等が特定の範囲のクリンカを含むセメントは、前記目的を達成できることを見い出し、本発明を完成させた。すなわち、本発明は以下の構成を有するセメント等である。 The present inventor investigated cements that could meet the above objectives and found that a cement containing clinker with a circularity of belite in a specific range could achieve the above objectives, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present invention is a cement etc. having the following structure.
[1]下記(1)式を用いて求めたビーライト粒子の平均円形度が0.8以上、
下記ボーグ式(i)および(ii)を用いて求めたセメントクリンカ中のビーライトの含有率が50~65質量%、
ビーライト粒子中のSO
3
の含有率が0.8質量%以上、およびCaO/SiO
2
のモル比が2.15以上、
ビーライト粒子の平均粒径が17μm以上、並びに、
セメントクリンカ中のK
2
Oの含有率が0.1~0.9質量%
であるセメントクリンカの粉砕物を含むセメント。
円形度=4π×ビーライト粒子の断面積/(ビーライト粒子の周囲長)2 ・・・(1)
C
3
S=4.07×CaO-7.60×SiO
2
-6.72×Al
2
O
3
-1.43×Fe
2
O
3
-2.85×SO
3
・・・(i)
C
2
S=2.87×SiO
2
-0.754×C
3
S ・・・(ii)
ただし、(i)および(ii)式中の化学式は、セメントクリンカ中の各化学式が表す化合物の含有率(質量%)を表す。
[2]下記ボーグ式(i)~(iv)を用いて算出した、前記セメントクリンカ中のエーライト(C3S)の含有率が21~26質量%、ビーライト(C2S)の含有率が50~65質量%、アルミネート相(C3A)の含有率が1~3質量%、およびフェライト相(C4AF)の含有率が8~11質量%であるセメントクリンカの粉砕物を含む、前記[1]に記載のセメント。
C3S=4.07×CaO-7.60×SiO2-6.72×Al2O3-1.43×Fe2O3-2.85×SO3 ・・・(i)
C2S=2.87×SiO2-0.754×C3S ・・・(ii)
C3A=2.65×Al2O3-1.69×Fe2O3 ・・・(iii)
C4AF=3.04×Fe2O3 ・・・(iv)
ただし、(i)~(iv)式中の化学式は、セメントクリンカ中の各化学式が表す化合物の含有率(質量%)を表す。
[1] The average circularity of the BELITE particles determined using the following formula (1) is 0.8 or more ,
The content of belite in the cement clinker determined using the following Borg equations (i) and (ii) is 50 to 65% by mass,
The content of SO 3 in the BELITE particles is 0.8% by mass or more, and the molar ratio of CaO / SiO 2 is 2.15 or more,
The average particle size of the BELITE particles is 17 μm or more, and
K 2 O content in cement clinker is 0.1 to 0.9% by mass
Cement containing pulverized cement clinker.
Circularity = 4π x cross-sectional area of Belite particle/(perimeter of Belite particle) 2 ...(1)
C3S = 4.07 × CaO -7.60× SiO2-6.72 × Al2O3-1.43 × Fe2O3-2.85 × SO3 ... ( i )
C 2 S = 2.87 x SiO 2 -0.754 x C 3 S...(ii)
However, the chemical formulas in formulas (i) and (ii) represent the content (% by mass) of the compound represented by each chemical formula in the cement clinker.
[2] The content of alite (C 3 S) in the cement clinker is 21 to 26% by mass, and the content of belite (C 2 S) is calculated using the following Borg formulas (i) to (iv). pulverized cement clinker having a content of 50 to 65% by mass, an aluminate phase (C 3 A) content of 1 to 3% by mass, and a ferrite phase (C 4 AF) content of 8 to 11% by mass. The cement according to [ 1 ] above, comprising:
C3S =4.07×CaO-7.60× SiO2-6.72 × Al2O3-1.43 × Fe2O3-2.85 × SO3 ...( i )
C 2 S = 2.87 x SiO 2 -0.754 x C 3 S... (ii)
C 3 A=2.65×Al 2 O 3 -1.69×Fe 2 O 3 ...(iii)
C 4 AF=3.04×Fe 2 O 3 ...(iv)
However, the chemical formulas in formulas (i) to (iv) represent the content (% by mass) of the compound represented by each chemical formula in the cement clinker.
本発明のセメントは、クリンカ中のビーライトが活性化しているため、強度発現性がより高い。また、本発明のセメントの製造方法は、易焼性が高いため消費エネルギーが小さい。 The cement of the present invention has higher strength development properties because the belite in the clinker is activated. Furthermore, the cement manufacturing method of the present invention has high combustibility and therefore consumes little energy.
以下、本発明のセメント、およびセメントの製造方法について詳細に説明する。
1.セメント
本発明のセメントは、前記(1)式を用いて求めたビーライト粒子の平均円形度が0.6以上であるクリンカを含むセメントである。該条件を満たすセメントは強度発現性が高い。なお、ビーライト粒子の平均円形度は、好ましくは0.7以上、より好ましくは0.8以上である。
また、前記セメントは、好ましくは、前記ビーライト粒子のSO3の含有率が0.8質量%以上、およびCaO/SiO2のモル比は2.15以上であるクリンカの粉砕物を含むセメントである。該条件を満たすセメントは、長期の強度発現性が高い。なお、ビーライト粒子のSO3の含有率は、より好ましくは0.85質量%以上、さらに好ましくは0.90質量%以上であり、CaO/SiO2のモル比は、より好ましくは2.20以上、さらに好ましくは2.30以上である。
前記ビーライトの化学組成の測定は、鉱物粒子ごとに微小領域の化学組成を測定できる装置であればよく、例えば波長分散型X線分光器(WDS)、エネルギー分散型X線分光器(EDS)等が挙げられる。好ましくは5個以上の異なるクリンカ粒子中のビーライト、より好ましくは10個以上の異なるクリンカ粒子中のビーライトの化学組成を測定する。
また、ビーライトの化学組成はビーライト粒子ごとに異なる場合や、ビーライト粒子の中心部から周辺部にかけて異なる場合がある。そこで、好ましくは5個以上のビーライト粒子、より好ましくは10個以上のビーライト粒子の1粒子につき、好ましくは5点以上、より好ましくは10点以上の化学組成を測定し、これらの平均値を算出する。
Hereinafter, the cement of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the cement will be explained in detail.
1. cement
The cement of the present invention is a cement containing clinker whose average circularity of belite particles determined using the above formula (1) is 0.6 or more. Cement that satisfies these conditions has high strength development. Note that the average circularity of the BELITE particles is preferably 0.7 or more, more preferably 0.8 or more.
Further, the cement preferably includes a pulverized clinker in which the SO 3 content of the BELITE particles is 0.8% by mass or more, and the CaO/SiO 2 molar ratio is 2.15 or more. be. Cement that satisfies these conditions has high long-term strength development. The content of SO 3 in the BELITE particles is more preferably 0.85% by mass or more, even more preferably 0.90% by mass or more, and the molar ratio of CaO/SiO 2 is more preferably 2.20%. It is more preferably 2.30 or more.
The chemical composition of the belite can be measured using any device that can measure the chemical composition of a minute region of each mineral particle, such as a wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer (WDS) or an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). etc. Preferably the chemical composition of belite in 5 or more different clinker particles, more preferably in 10 or more different clinker particles is determined.
In addition, the chemical composition of BELITE may differ for each BELITE particle, or may vary from the center to the periphery of the BELITE particle. Therefore, the chemical composition of preferably 5 or more BELITE particles, more preferably 10 or more BELITE particles, is measured for each particle, and the average value of these is measured. Calculate.
また、前記セメントは、好ましくは、前記ビーライト粒子の平均粒径が17μm以上であるクリンカの粉砕物を含有するセメントである。該条件を満たすセメントは、長期の強度発現性が高い。なお、前記ビーライト粒子の平均粒径は、より好ましくは18μm以上、さらに好ましくは20μmである。
前記ビーライト粒子の円形度や粒径は、下記(a)~(c)の方法により求めることができる。
(a)得られた顕微鏡写真について、画像解析ソフトを用いて解析する。
(b)得られた顕微鏡写真を、目視やトレースする。
(c)電子顕微鏡等を用いて、鉱物の化学組成分析によりビーライトを特定しつつ、電子線後方散乱回折(EBSD)により鉱物粒子境界を画像として得て、これを画像解析する。
前記ビーライト粒子の平均円形度および平均粒径は、好ましくは5個以上の異なるクリンカ粒子中のビーライト粒子の円形度および粒径、より好ましくは10個以上の異なるクリンカ粒子中のビーライト粒子の円形度および粒径を測定する。
また、ビーライト粒子の平均円形度および平均粒径は、好ましくはビーライト10個以上の粒子、より好ましくは20個以上の粒子の円形度および粒径を測定し、これらの平均値を算出する。
Further, the cement preferably contains pulverized clinker in which the average particle size of the belite particles is 17 μm or more. Cement that satisfies these conditions has high long-term strength development. The average particle size of the BELITE particles is more preferably 18 μm or more, and even more preferably 20 μm.
The circularity and particle size of the BELITE particles can be determined by the following methods (a) to (c).
(a) Analyze the obtained micrograph using image analysis software.
(b) Visually inspect or trace the obtained micrograph.
(c) Using an electron microscope or the like, identify belite by chemical composition analysis of the mineral, obtain an image of mineral grain boundaries by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and perform image analysis.
The average circularity and average particle size of the Belite particles are preferably the circularity and particle size of Belite particles in 5 or more different clinker particles, more preferably the Belite particles in 10 or more different clinker particles. Measure circularity and particle size.
In addition, the average circularity and average particle size of Belite particles are determined by measuring the circularity and particle size of preferably 10 or more Belite particles, more preferably 20 or more particles, and calculating the average value thereof. .
前記セメントは、好ましくは、前記クリンカ中のSO3の含有率が0.7~1.8質量%、Na2Oの含有率が0.2~0.4質量%、K2Oの含有率が0.1~0.9質量%、およびP2O5の含有率が0.2質量%以下であるクリンカの粉砕物を含むセメントである。該条件を満たすセメントは、長期の強度発現性が高い。なお、SO3の含有率は、より好ましくは0.9~1.6質量%、さらに好ましくは1.0~1.4質量%であり、Na2Oの含有率は、より好ましくは0.3~0.4質量%であり、K2Oの含有率は、より好ましくは0.3~0.7質量%、さらに好ましくは0.5~0.7質量%であり、TiO2の含有率は、より好ましくは0.2~0.3質量%であり、P2O5の含有率は、より好ましくは0.1質量%以下、さらに好ましくは0.08質量%以下である。 The cement preferably has an SO 3 content in the clinker of 0.7 to 1.8 mass %, a Na 2 O content of 0.2 to 0.4 mass %, and a K 2 O content of 0.7 to 1.8 mass %. is 0.1 to 0.9% by mass, and the content of P 2 O 5 is 0.2% by mass or less. Cement that satisfies these conditions has high long-term strength development. Note that the content of SO 3 is more preferably 0.9 to 1.6% by mass, even more preferably 1.0 to 1.4% by mass, and the content of Na 2 O is more preferably 0.9 to 1.6% by mass. 3 to 0.4% by mass, the content of K 2 O is more preferably 0.3 to 0.7% by mass, even more preferably 0.5 to 0.7% by mass, and the content of TiO 2 The content of P 2 O 5 is more preferably 0.2 to 0.3% by mass, and the content of P 2 O 5 is more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.08% by mass or less.
また、前記セメントは、好ましくは、前記ボーグ式(i)~(iv)を用いて算出した、前記クリンカ中のエーライトの含有率が21~26質量%、ビーライトの含有率が50~65質量%、アルミネート相の含有率が1~3質量%、およびフェライト相の含有率が8~11質量%であるクリンカの粉砕物を含むセメントである。該条件を満たすセメントは、長期の強度発現性が高い。なお、エーライトの含有率は、より好ましくは22~25質量%、さらに好ましくは23~25質量%であり、ビーライトの含有率は、より好ましくは52~63質量%、さらに好ましくは54~60質量%であり、アルミネート相の含有率は、より好ましくは1~2質量%であり、フェライト相の含有率は、より好ましくは8~10質量%、さらに好ましくは9~10質量%である。 Further, the cement preferably has a content of alite in the clinker of 21 to 26% by mass and a content of belite of 50 to 65%, calculated using the Borg formulas (i) to (iv). % by mass, an aluminate phase content of 1 to 3 mass %, and a ferrite phase content of 8 to 11 mass %. Cement that satisfies these conditions has high long-term strength development. The content of alite is more preferably 22 to 25% by mass, even more preferably 23 to 25% by mass, and the content of belite is more preferably 52 to 63% by mass, even more preferably 54 to 25% by mass. 60% by mass, the content of the aluminate phase is more preferably 1 to 2% by mass, and the content of the ferrite phase is more preferably 8 to 10% by mass, even more preferably 9 to 10% by mass. be.
2.セメントの製造方法
本発明のセメントの製造方法は、水硬率が1.89~1.93、けい酸率が4.83~4.89、および鉄率が0.85~0.91であるクリンカ原料を、1350~1500℃で焼成して前記クリンカの粉砕物を含むセメントを製造する方法である。該条件を満たして製造されたセメントは、長期の強度発現性が高い。なお、前記水硬率は、好ましくは1.90~1.93、より好ましくは1.91~1.93であり、前記けい酸率は、好ましくは4.84~4.88、より好ましくは4.85~4.87であり、前記鉄率は、好ましくは0.86~0.90、より好ましくは0.87~0.90である。また、前記焼成温度は、好ましくは1370~1480℃、より好ましくは1380~1430℃である。焼成炉としては、トンネル炉、ロータリーキルン、流動床炉等の加熱炉が挙げられる。
2. Method for producing cement The method for producing cement of the present invention has a hydraulic ratio of 1.89 to 1.93, a silicic acid ratio of 4.83 to 4.89, and an iron ratio of 0.85 to 0.91. In this method, clinker raw material is fired at 1350 to 1500°C to produce cement containing the pulverized clinker. Cement manufactured satisfying these conditions has high long-term strength development. The hydraulic ratio is preferably 1.90 to 1.93, more preferably 1.91 to 1.93, and the silicic acid ratio is preferably 4.84 to 4.88, more preferably 4.85 to 4.87, and the iron ratio is preferably 0.86 to 0.90, more preferably 0.87 to 0.90. Further, the firing temperature is preferably 1370 to 1480°C, more preferably 1380 to 1430°C. Examples of the firing furnace include heating furnaces such as tunnel furnaces, rotary kilns, and fluidized bed furnaces.
前記クリンカ原料は、好ましくは、SO3の含有率が好ましくは1~3質量%であり、K2Oの含有率は、好ましくは0.6~2質量%である。該条件を満たすセメントは、長期の強度発現性が高い。なお、SO3の含有率は、より好ましくは1.5~2.5質量%であり、K2Oの含有率は、より好ましくは0.8~1.5質量%である。 The clinker raw material preferably has an SO 3 content of 1 to 3% by mass, and a K 2 O content of 0.6 to 2% by mass. Cement that satisfies these conditions has high long-term strength development. Note that the content of SO 3 is more preferably 1.5 to 2.5% by mass, and the content of K 2 O is more preferably 0.8 to 1.5% by mass.
また、本発明のセメントの製造方法は、ビーライト粒子の円形度およびビーライト粒子の粒子径を観察することによって、クリンカの最適な焼成温度を決定することができる。焼成されたクリンカ中のビーライト粒子の平均円形度が0.6未満、およびビーライト粒子の平均粒子径が17μm未満の場合、さらに焼成温度を高くする。もっとも、焼成温度を高くし過ぎると、より多くのエネルギーを要するので、焼成温度は、好ましくは20~100℃高くする。また、焼成温度は、クリンカ中のSO3の含有率によっても決定することができる。この際、クリンカ中のSO3の含有率が0.7~1.8質量%になるように、焼成温度を高くする。前記焼成温度の決定方法により定めた温度でクリンカの焼成を行えば、ビーライト粒子の平均円形度が0.6以上、およびビーライト粒子の平均粒子径が17μm以上となり、セメントの強度発現性は向上する。 Further, in the cement manufacturing method of the present invention, the optimum firing temperature of clinker can be determined by observing the circularity and particle size of the Belite particles. If the average circularity of the Belite particles in the fired clinker is less than 0.6 and the average particle diameter of the Belite particles is less than 17 μm, the firing temperature is further increased. However, if the firing temperature is too high, more energy is required, so the firing temperature is preferably increased by 20 to 100°C. Furthermore, the firing temperature can also be determined by the content of SO 3 in the clinker. At this time, the firing temperature is increased so that the content of SO 3 in the clinker is 0.7 to 1.8% by mass. If the clinker is fired at the temperature determined by the method for determining the firing temperature, the average circularity of the Belite particles will be 0.6 or more, the average particle diameter of the Belite particles will be 17 μm or more, and the strength development of the cement will be improves.
以下、本発明を実施例により説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されない。
1.クリンカの製造
クリンカ原料として、石灰石、粘土、および鉄滓を用いて、該原料を調合して表1に記載の化学組成、および水硬率等の調合原料を得た。次に、ロータリーキルンを用いて、表1に記載の各焼点温度で焼成してクリンカを製造した。クリンカの化学組成は、JIS R 5204「セメントの蛍光X線分析方法」に準拠して、蛍光X線分析装置ZSR primusII(リガク社製)を用いて測定した。
表2にクリンカの化学組成、および該化学組成と前記ボーグ式(i)~(iv)を用いて算出したクリンカ中のセメント鉱物の含有率を示す。なお、実施例1、2、および比較例1の原料の化学組成が同じにもかかわらず、クリンカの化学組成が異なるのは、焼成温度の違いに起因し、焼成温度が高い程、原料から揮発する成分の量が多くなるからである。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
1. Production of clinker Limestone, clay, and iron slag were used as clinker raw materials and the raw materials were prepared to obtain mixed raw materials having the chemical composition and hydraulic hardness listed in Table 1. Next, using a rotary kiln, clinker was produced by firing at each burning point temperature listed in Table 1. The chemical composition of the clinker was measured using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer ZSR primus II (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) in accordance with JIS R 5204 "Method for Fluorescent X-ray Analysis of Cement."
Table 2 shows the chemical composition of the clinker and the content of cement minerals in the clinker calculated using the chemical composition and the Borg equations (i) to (iv). Although the chemical compositions of the raw materials in Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Example 1 are the same, the chemical composition of the clinker is different due to the difference in firing temperature.The higher the firing temperature, the more volatile the raw materials are. This is because the amount of ingredients that are used increases.
2.ビーライト粒子の円形度の算出
前記クリンカを1.2~1.8mmに粉砕した後、該クリンカ粒子とエポキシ樹脂を、クリンカ/樹脂が2の体積比で混合して硬化体を作製した後、該硬化体の表面をシリコンカーバイド研磨材で研磨して、クリンカ中のビーライト粒子の粒径を測定し、また、その形状を観察した。
具体的には、ビーライト粒子の平均粒径は、倍率を100倍に設定した光学顕微鏡を用いて、複数個のビーライトの結晶が集合した視野を選び、4~5か所の測定視野から計20個のビーライト粒子を選び、それらの中の平均的な大きさの粒子の直径(縦および横)を測り、これらを平均して求めた。なお、平均円形度は、NanoHunter NK2K-pro/Lt(ナノシステム社製)により断面積、および周囲長を測定し、前記(1)式を用いて算出し、これらを平均して求めた。表4にビーライト粒子の平均粒径と平均円形度を示す。また、図1にビーライト粒子の写真を示す。
2. Calculation of circularity of BELITE particles After pulverizing the clinker to 1.2 to 1.8 mm, the clinker particles and epoxy resin were mixed at a clinker/resin volume ratio of 2 to prepare a cured body. The surface of the cured product was polished with a silicon carbide abrasive, the particle size of the BELITE particles in the clinker was measured, and the shape was observed.
Specifically, the average particle size of BELITE particles was determined by using an optical microscope set at 100x magnification, selecting a field of view where multiple BELITE crystals were gathered, and measuring from 4 to 5 measurement fields. A total of 20 Belite particles were selected, and the diameters (length and width) of average-sized particles among them were measured, and these were averaged. The average circularity was calculated by measuring the cross-sectional area and perimeter using NanoHunter NK2K-pro/Lt (manufactured by Nanosystems), using the formula (1) above, and averaging them. Table 4 shows the average particle diameter and average circularity of the BELITE particles. Furthermore, FIG. 1 shows a photograph of Belite particles.
3.ビーライト粒子の化学組成の測定
ビーライト粒子の化学組成の測定は、加速電圧を15keV、照射電流を1000pAに設定したエネルギー分散型X線分光器(EDS)を用いて、分析時間が1分析点につき10秒で、観察倍率は2500~5000倍で、10または20視野からビーライト粒子を選択し、一粒子ごとに15点、計225点を測定し、その平均値をビーライト粒子の化学組成として算出した。その結果を表3に示す。
3. Measuring the chemical composition of BELITE particles The chemical composition of BELITE particles was measured using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) with an accelerating voltage of 15 keV and an irradiation current of 1000 pA. At observation magnification of 2,500 to 5,000 times, select BELITE particles from 10 or 20 fields of view, measure 15 points for each particle (225 points in total), and calculate the average value of the chemical composition of the BELITE particles. It was calculated as The results are shown in Table 3.
2.セメントの圧縮強さの測定
前記クリンカと二水石膏を、セメントのSO3の含有率が2.0%となるよう混合した後、ボールミルで粉砕し、ブレーン表面積が3300±100cm2/gのセメントを製造した。
次に、該セメントを用いて、JIS R 5201「セメントの物理試験方法」に準拠してモルタル供試体を作製し、その材齢28日の圧縮強さを測定した。その結果を表4に示す。
2. Measurement of Compressive Strength of Cement The clinker and dihydrate gypsum were mixed so that the SO 3 content of the cement was 2.0%, and then ground in a ball mill to form a cement with a brain surface area of 3300 ± 100 cm 2 / g. was manufactured.
Next, mortar specimens were prepared using the cement in accordance with JIS R 5201 "Physical Test Methods for Cement," and the compressive strength of the specimens at 28 days of age was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
表4に示すように、材齢28日の圧縮強さは、比較例1の29.6N/mm2と比べ、実施例2は49.4N/mm2、実施例1では61.1N/mm2と格段に高く、本発明のセメントは、クリンカ中のビーライトが活性化しているため、長期の強度発現性がより高いと云える。また、実施例1のビーライト粒子(図1(A))は、2方向のラメラを有し、周縁部が丸みを帯びて円形度が高いが、比較例1のビーライト粒子(図1(B))は、ラメラがなく、周縁部に切り込みが入っており円形度が低い。 As shown in Table 4, the compressive strength at 28 days of age was 49.4 N/mm 2 in Example 2 and 61.1 N/mm 2 in Example 1, compared to 29.6 N/mm 2 in Comparative Example 1. It can be said that the cement of the present invention has a higher long-term strength development property because the belite in the clinker is activated. In addition, the BELITE particles of Example 1 (FIG. 1(A)) have lamellae in two directions and have rounded peripheral edges with high circularity, but the BELITE particles of Comparative Example 1 (FIG. 1(A) B)) does not have lamellae, has a notch on the periphery, and has low circularity.
また、比較例1はビーライト粒子の平均円形度が0.6未満、およびビーライト粒子の平均粒子径が17μm未満であったが、焼成温度を100℃高くした実施例1はビーライト粒子の平均円形度が0.6以上、およびビーライト粒子の平均粒子径が17μm以上となり、材齢28日の圧縮強さが高くなった。一方、比較例1より焼成温度を170℃高くした実施例2はクリンカ中のSO3の含有率が0.7%未満となり、実施例1より材齢28日の圧縮強さが低かった。 In addition, in Comparative Example 1, the average circularity of the Belite particles was less than 0.6 and the average particle diameter of the Belite particles was less than 17 μm, but in Example 1, in which the firing temperature was increased by 100°C, the average circularity of the Belite particles was less than 17 μm. The average circularity was 0.6 or more, the average particle diameter of the BELITE particles was 17 μm or more, and the compressive strength at 28 days of age was high. On the other hand, in Example 2, in which the firing temperature was 170° C. higher than in Comparative Example 1, the SO 3 content in the clinker was less than 0.7%, and the compressive strength at 28 days was lower than in Example 1.
Claims (2)
下記ボーグ式(i)および(ii)式を用いて求めたセメントクリンカ中のビーライトの含有率が50~65質量%、
ビーライト粒子中のSO 3 の含有率が0.8質量%以上、およびCaO/SiO 2 のモル比が2.15以上、
ビーライト粒子の平均粒径が17μm以上、並びに、
セメントクリンカ中のK 2 Oの含有率が0.1~0.9質量%
であるセメントクリンカの粉砕物を含むセメント。
円形度=4π×ビーライト粒子の断面積/(ビーライト粒子の周囲長)2 ・・・(1)
C 3 S=4.07×CaO-7.60×SiO 2 -6.72×Al 2 O 3 -1.43×Fe 2 O 3 -2.85×SO 3 ・・・(i)
C 2 S=2.87×SiO 2 -0.754×C 3 S ・・・(ii)
ただし、(i)および(ii)式中の化学式は、セメントクリンカ中の各化学式が表す化合物の含有率(質量%)を表す。 The average circularity of the BELITE particles determined using the following formula (1) is 0.8 or more ,
The content of belite in the cement clinker determined using the following Borg equations (i) and (ii) equations is 50 to 65% by mass,
The content of SO 3 in the BELITE particles is 0.8% by mass or more, and the molar ratio of CaO / SiO 2 is 2.15 or more,
The average particle size of the BELITE particles is 17 μm or more, and
K 2 O content in cement clinker is 0.1 to 0.9% by mass
Cement containing pulverized cement clinker.
Circularity = 4π x cross-sectional area of Belite particle/(perimeter of Belite particle) 2 ...(1)
C3S = 4.07 × CaO -7.60× SiO2-6.72 × Al2O3-1.43 × Fe2O3-2.85 × SO3 ... ( i )
C 2 S = 2.87 x SiO 2 -0.754 x C 3 S... (ii)
However, the chemical formulas in formulas (i) and (ii) represent the content (% by mass) of the compound represented by each chemical formula in the cement clinker .
C3S=4.07×CaO-7.60×SiO2-6.72×Al2O3-1.43×Fe2O3-2.85×SO3 ・・・(i)
C2S=2.87×SiO2-0.754×C3S ・・・(ii)
C3A=2.65×Al2O3-1.69×Fe2O3 ・・・(iii)
C4AF=3.04×Fe2O3 ・・・(iv)
ただし、(i)~(iv)式中の化学式は、セメントクリンカ中の各化学式が表す化合物の含有率(質量%)を表す。
The content of alite (C 3 S) in the cement clinker is 21 to 26% by mass, and the content of belite (C 2 S) is 50% by mass, calculated using the following Borg equations (i) to (iv). -65% by mass, a content of aluminate phase (C 3 A) of 1-3% by mass, and a content of ferrite phase (C 4 AF) of 8-11% by mass, The cement according to claim 1 .
C3S =4.07×CaO-7.60× SiO2-6.72 × Al2O3-1.43 × Fe2O3-2.85 × SO3 ...( i )
C 2 S = 2.87 x SiO 2 -0.754 x C 3 S... (ii)
C 3 A=2.65×Al 2 O 3 -1.69×Fe 2 O 3 ...(iii)
C 4 AF=3.04×Fe 2 O 3 ...(iv)
However, the chemical formulas in formulas (i) to (iv) represent the content (% by mass) of the compound represented by each chemical formula in the cement clinker.
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