JP7427227B2 - KRAS antisense oligonucleotide that reduces tumor cell survival and its uses - Google Patents
KRAS antisense oligonucleotide that reduces tumor cell survival and its uses Download PDFInfo
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- JP7427227B2 JP7427227B2 JP2020007857A JP2020007857A JP7427227B2 JP 7427227 B2 JP7427227 B2 JP 7427227B2 JP 2020007857 A JP2020007857 A JP 2020007857A JP 2020007857 A JP2020007857 A JP 2020007857A JP 7427227 B2 JP7427227 B2 JP 7427227B2
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Description
本発明は、KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase(以下、「KRAS」と略記する場合がある)の発現を阻害し、腫瘍細胞の生存を低下させる新規なアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド(以下、「ASO」と略記する場合がある)及びその用途に関する。 The present invention provides a novel antisense oligonucleotide (hereinafter abbreviated as "ASO") that inhibits the expression of KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "KRAS") and reduces the survival of tumor cells. ) and its uses.
K-ras遺伝子の活性化変異は、ヒトがん細胞において、rasファミリーの中で最も高頻度に変異が検出され、がん化の促進に特に重要であると考えられている。 Activating mutations in the K-ras gene are the most frequently detected mutations in the ras family in human cancer cells, and are thought to be particularly important in promoting carcinogenesis.
人工核酸であるASOは、核内でRNAとワトソン-クリック塩基対を形成し、従来の低分子化合物では得られない、特異的なRNAの発現調節を可能とする。化学修飾によりRNA結合性、ヌクレアーゼ抵抗性、薬物動態、薬理効果が増強されている。また、免疫反応の誘導が少なく、生体忍容性が高く改良されており、個体臓器に様々な時期、病期に投与可能であり、ヒトでの長期薬理作用が示されている。 ASO, an artificial nucleic acid, forms Watson-Crick base pairs with RNA in the nucleus, making it possible to specifically regulate RNA expression that cannot be achieved with conventional low-molecular-weight compounds. Chemical modifications enhance RNA binding, nuclease resistance, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological effects. In addition, it induces less immune response, has improved biological tolerability, can be administered to individual organs at various times and stages of disease, and has been shown to have long-term pharmacological effects in humans.
KRASをコードする核酸分子を標的とするASOを用いて、KRASを高発現するがんを治療しようとする試みがなされている。例えば、Lledoらは、2種類のKRASに対するASOを大腸がん細胞株に導入し、そのうちexon 1内の配列を標的とするASOが、5 μM以上の濃度で2-3日間処理すると、40-60%のがん細胞を死滅させたことを報告している(非特許文献1)。また、アストラゼネカ社は、3’-UTRを標的とし、ウイング領域を架橋核酸(cEt)で修飾して標的配列へのアフィニティーを増強させたギャップマー型のKRAS ASO(AZD4785)を開発中であり、前臨床試験において、低いIC50値で変異KRASを発現するがん細胞の増殖を選択的に阻害したことを報告している(非特許文献2)。しかしながら、KRAS活性を阻害する抗がん剤の開発は困難であり、未だ臨床段階まで進んだKRAS阻害薬は存在しない。 Attempts have been made to treat cancers that highly express KRAS using ASOs that target nucleic acid molecules encoding KRAS. For example, Lledo et al. introduced ASOs against two types of KRAS into colorectal cancer cell lines, and among them, the ASO that targets the sequence within exon 1 was treated at a concentration of 5 μM or higher for 2-3 days. It has been reported that 60% of cancer cells were killed (Non-Patent Document 1). Additionally, AstraZeneca is currently developing a gapmer-type KRAS ASO (AZD4785) that targets the 3'-UTR and has modified the wing region with cross-linked nucleic acid (cEt) to increase affinity to the target sequence. reported that in preclinical studies, it selectively inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells expressing mutant KRAS with a low IC 50 value (Non-Patent Document 2). However, it is difficult to develop anticancer drugs that inhibit KRAS activity, and no KRAS inhibitor has yet reached the clinical stage.
KRASの活性化は腎線維化とも関連しており、Wangらは、2種類のKRASに対するASOが片側性尿管閉塞ラットモデルにおけるKRASの発現を低下させ、腎線維化を抑制したことを報告している(非特許文献3)。 KRAS activation is also associated with renal fibrosis, and Wang et al. reported that ASO against two types of KRAS reduced KRAS expression and suppressed renal fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. (Non-patent Document 3).
KRASの発現抑制は腫瘍細胞の生存を低下させることが期待できるが、最も効果的な標的配列は分かっていない。従って、本発明の目的は、腫瘍細胞の生存を強力に阻害する新規なKRASに対するASOを提供することであり、当該ASOを用いてKRASの異常を伴うがんを治療及び/又は予防する新規手段を提供することである。 Suppression of KRAS expression is expected to reduce tumor cell survival, but the most effective target sequence is unknown. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel ASO against KRAS that strongly inhibits the survival of tumor cells, and a novel means for treating and/or preventing cancer accompanied by KRAS abnormalities using the ASO. The goal is to provide the following.
本発明者は、KRAS mRNAの5’-UTR、コーディング領域及び終止コドン近傍の3’-UTRに対して相補的なASOを網羅的に設計・合成し、培養がん細胞に導入したところ、当該がん細胞の生存率を10%未満に低下させるKRASに対するASOを8種類見出した。これらのASOは、いずれも従来報告されているKRASに対するASOとは異なる配列を標的とするものであった。
本発明者は、これらの知見に基づいてさらに研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。
The present inventor comprehensively designed and synthesized ASOs complementary to the 5'-UTR, coding region, and 3'-UTR near the stop codon of KRAS mRNA, and introduced them into cultured cancer cells. We found eight ASOs against KRAS that reduced the survival rate of cancer cells to less than 10%. All of these ASOs targeted different sequences from previously reported ASOs for KRAS.
The present inventor has completed the present invention as a result of further research based on these findings.
すなわち、本発明は以下のものを提供する。
[1]KRAS遺伝子の発現を阻害する一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドであって、
配列番号1で表されるヌクレオチド配列からなる、KRASをコードする核酸における1~45番目、61~95番目、101~125番目、151~185番目、221~245番目、251~275番目、271~295番目、291~315番目、351~375番目、391~415番目、531~555番目、591~615番目及び731~765番目のヌクレオチド配列からなる群より選択されるいずれかのヌクレオチド配列からなる標的領域中の、連続する10個以上のヌクレオチドからなる配列と相補的なヌクレオチド配列を含む、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド。
[2]前記標的領域が、配列番号1で表されるヌクレオチド配列における1~25番目、61~85番目、101~125番目、161~185番目、271~295番目、351~375番目、391~415番目及び591~615番目のヌクレオチド配列からなる群より選択されるいずれかのヌクレオチド配列と、その近傍のヌクレオチド配列とからなる、[1]記載の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド。
[3]ヌクレオチド長が10~30ヌクレオチドである、[1]又は[2]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
[4]ヌクレオチド長が25ヌクレオチドである、[3]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
[5]配列番号2、8、12、18、29、37、41及び61からなる群より選択されるいずれかの配列番号で表されるヌクレオチド配列からなる、[4]に記載の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド。
[6][1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドを含有してなる、KRAS遺伝子の発現阻害剤。
[7]KRASを高発現する細胞の生存を低下させる、[6]に記載の剤。
[8]がんの治療及び/又は予防用である、[6]又は[7]に記載の剤。
That is, the present invention provides the following.
[1] A single-stranded oligonucleotide that inhibits KRAS gene expression,
1 to 45, 61 to 95, 101 to 125, 151 to 185, 221 to 245, 251 to 275, and 271 to 45 in the KRAS-encoding nucleic acid consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. A target consisting of any nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of nucleotide sequences 295th, 291st to 315th, 351st to 375th, 391st to 415th, 531st to 555th, 591st to 615th, and 731st to 765th. A single-stranded oligonucleotide that contains a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a sequence of 10 or more consecutive nucleotides in a region.
[2] The target region is 1 to 25, 61 to 85, 101 to 125, 161 to 185, 271 to 295, 351 to 375, 391 to 25 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. The single-stranded oligonucleotide according to [1], which consists of any nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of the 415th and 591st to 615th nucleotide sequences, and a nucleotide sequence in the vicinity thereof.
[3] The antisense oligonucleotide according to [1] or [2], which has a nucleotide length of 10 to 30 nucleotides.
[4] The antisense oligonucleotide according to [3], which has a nucleotide length of 25 nucleotides.
[5] The single strand according to [4], consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any SEQ ID NO. selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs. 2, 8, 12, 18, 29, 37, 41 and 61. oligonucleotide.
[6] A KRAS gene expression inhibitor comprising the single-stranded oligonucleotide according to any one of [1] to [5].
[7] The agent according to [6], which reduces the survival of cells that highly express KRAS.
[8] The agent according to [6] or [7], which is used for cancer treatment and/or prevention.
本発明のASOによれば、強力にKRAS遺伝子の発現を阻害することができ、投与量、投与回数、さらには製造コストを低減し、かつ有害事象の発現を抑制しつつ、KRAS遺伝子を高発現する細胞(例、がん細胞)の生存を低下させて、がんをはじめとするKRASの発現異常が関与する疾患の治療及び予防が可能となる。 According to the ASO of the present invention, the expression of the KRAS gene can be strongly inhibited, and the KRAS gene can be highly expressed while reducing the dosage, number of administrations, and manufacturing costs, and suppressing the occurrence of adverse events. By reducing the survival of cells (e.g., cancer cells) that undergo KRAS, it becomes possible to treat and prevent diseases associated with abnormal expression of KRAS, including cancer.
1.KRAS遺伝子の発現を阻害する一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド
本発明はKRAS遺伝子の発現を阻害する活性を有するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド(ASO)(以下、「本発明のASO」ともいう。)を提供する。ここで「アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド(ASO)」とは、標的となる核酸中の連続する10個以上のヌクレオチドからなる配列と特異的にハイブリダイズする一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドを意味する。
また、「KRAS遺伝子の発現を阻害する」とは、結果として、ASOと細胞とを接触させた場合に、接触させない場合と比較して、KRASタンパク質の発現量を低減させ、KRASの活性を低下させる任意の態様を包含する意味で用いられ、例えば、RNase Hによる標的RNAの分解(例えば、ギャップマーによる)や、標的RNAとの特異的かつ安定したハイブリッド形成によるタンパク質合成阻害を含む。発現の阻害の程度は、統計学的に有意であれば特に制限されないが、例えば、細胞とASOとを接触させない場合と比較して、20%以上、好ましくは50%以上、より好ましくは75%以上、KRAS mRNA又はタンパク質の発現量を低下させた場合に、当該ASOはKRAS遺伝子の発現阻害活性を有するとみなすことができる。
1. Single-stranded oligonucleotide that inhibits KRAS gene expression The present invention provides an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) having the activity of inhibiting KRAS gene expression (hereinafter also referred to as "ASO of the present invention"). Here, the term "antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)" refers to a single-stranded oligonucleotide that specifically hybridizes with a sequence of 10 or more consecutive nucleotides in a target nucleic acid.
Furthermore, "inhibiting KRAS gene expression" means that when ASO and cells are brought into contact, the expression level of KRAS protein is reduced compared to when they are not brought into contact, and the activity of KRAS is decreased. This term is used to include any embodiment in which the target RNA is degraded by RNase H (e.g., by a gapmer), and inhibition of protein synthesis by specific and stable hybridization with the target RNA. The degree of inhibition of expression is not particularly limited as long as it is statistically significant, but for example, it is 20% or more, preferably 50% or more, more preferably 75% compared to the case where the cells and ASO are not contacted. As described above, when the expression level of KRAS mRNA or protein is reduced, the ASO can be considered to have KRAS gene expression inhibitory activity.
本発明のASOは、KRASの発現異常を示す細胞(例、がん細胞)の生存を低下させる(例えば、増殖抑制及び/又は細胞死誘導を含む)活性を有する。例えば、本発明のASOは、50 nMの濃度でリポフェクタミン法によりHeLa細胞に導入した場合の72時間後の細胞生存率が、20%未満、好ましくは10%未満となる程度に、細胞の生存を低下させ得る。 The ASO of the present invention has the activity of reducing the survival (eg, inhibiting proliferation and/or inducing cell death) of cells (eg, cancer cells) exhibiting abnormal expression of KRAS. For example, when the ASO of the present invention is introduced into HeLa cells by the lipofectamine method at a concentration of 50 nM, the cell survival rate after 72 hours is less than 20%, preferably less than 10%. can be lowered.
本発明のASOは、KRAS mRNAの特定の領域を標的として特異的にハイブリダイズすることを特徴とする。KRAS mRNAのヌクレオチド配列としては、配列番号1で表されるヒトKRAS isoform bのmRNAのヌクレオチド配列(NCBIデータベースに、Accession No. NM_004985.4として登録されている)もしくはその非ヒト哺乳動物オルソログ、又はその遺伝子多型が挙げられる。本明細書においては、以下、特にことわらない限り、配列番号1で表されるヒトKRAS mRNAのヌクレオチド配列に基づいて、ヌクレオチドの位置やヌクレオチド配列の範囲等を記載するが、その場合、その遺伝子多型や非ヒト哺乳動物オルソログにおける対応するヌクレオチドやヌクレオチド配列も、当該記載内容に包含されるものである。 The ASO of the present invention is characterized in that it targets and specifically hybridizes to a specific region of KRAS mRNA. The nucleotide sequence of KRAS mRNA is the nucleotide sequence of human KRAS isoform b mRNA represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (registered in the NCBI database as Accession No. NM_004985.4) or its non-human mammal orthologue; Examples include genetic polymorphisms. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, nucleotide positions, nucleotide sequence ranges, etc. will be described based on the nucleotide sequence of human KRAS mRNA represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. Corresponding nucleotides and nucleotide sequences in polymorphisms and non-human mammalian orthologs are also included in the description.
具体的には、本発明のASOは、配列番号1で表されるヌクレオチド配列からなるKRAS mRNA(但し、該ヌクレオチド配列中「t」は「u」と読み替える。)における1~45番目、61~95番目、101~125番目、151~185番目、221~245番目、251~275番目、271~295番目、291~315番目、351~375番目、391~415番目、531~555番目、591~615番目及び731~765番目のヌクレオチド配列からなる群より選択されるいずれかのヌクレオチド配列からなる領域を標的とし、該領域中の連続する10個以上のヌクレオチドからなる配列と相補的なヌクレオチド配列を含む。ここで「相補的」とは、標的配列に対して完全相補的な(即ち、ミスマッチなくハイブリダイズする)配列だけでなく、哺乳動物細胞の生理的条件下でKRAS mRNAとハブリダイズし得る限り、1ないし数(例、1、2、3、4、5)ヌクレオチド、好ましくは、1又は2ヌクレオチドのミスマッチを含む配列であってもよい。例えば、KRAS mRNA中の標的ヌクレオチド配列の相補鎖配列に対して、90%以上、好ましくは95%以上、96%以上、97%以上、98%以上、99%以上、最も好ましくは100%の同一性を有する配列が挙げられる。本発明における「ヌクレオチド配列の同一性」は、相同性計算アルゴリズムNCBI BLAST(National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)を用い、以下の条件(期待値=10;ギャップを許す;フィルタリング=ON;マッチスコア=1;ミスマッチスコア=-3)にて計算することができる。また、個々の塩基における相補性は、対象となる塩基とワトソン・クリック型塩基対を形成することに限定されるものではなく、フーグスティーン型塩基対やゆらぎ塩基対(Wobble base pair)を形成することも含む。 Specifically, the ASO of the present invention is a KRAS mRNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (however, "t" in the nucleotide sequence is read as "u"), positions 1 to 45, and 61 to 61. 95th, 101st to 125th, 151st to 185th, 221st to 245th, 251st to 275th, 271st to 295th, 291st to 315th, 351st to 375th, 391st to 415th, 531st to 555th, 591st to Targeting a region consisting of any nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of nucleotide sequences 615th and 731st to 765th, and targeting a nucleotide sequence complementary to a sequence consisting of 10 or more consecutive nucleotides in the region. include. Here, "complementary" refers not only to a sequence that is completely complementary to the target sequence (i.e., hybridizes without mismatch), but also to a sequence that is fully complementary to the target sequence (i.e., hybridizes without mismatch), as long as it can hybridize with KRAS mRNA under the physiological conditions of mammalian cells. The sequence may contain a mismatch of 1 to several (eg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) nucleotides, preferably 1 or 2 nucleotides. For example, 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, most preferably 100% identical to the complementary strand sequence of the target nucleotide sequence in KRAS mRNA. Examples include sequences that have a specific property. "Nucleotide sequence identity" in the present invention is determined using the homology calculation algorithm NCBI BLAST (National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) under the following conditions (expected value = 10; allow gaps; filtering = ON; Match score = 1; mismatch score = -3). Furthermore, the complementarity of individual bases is not limited to forming Watson-Crick type base pairs with the target base, but also forming Hoogsteen type base pairs and Wobble base pairs. Also includes doing.
あるいは、「相補的なヌクレオチド配列」とは、標的配列とストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするヌクレオチド配列である。ここで「ストリンジェントな条件」とは、例えば、Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons,6.3.1-6.3.6, 1999に記載される条件、例えば、6×SSC(sodium chloride/sodium citrate)/45℃でのハイブリダイゼーション、次いで0.2×SSC/0.1% SDS/50~65℃での一回以上の洗浄等が挙げられるが、当業者であれば、これと同等のストリンジェンシーを与えるハイブリダイゼーションの条件を適宜選択することができる。 Alternatively, a "complementary nucleotide sequence" is a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a target sequence. Here, "stringent conditions" refer to, for example, the conditions described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, 6.3.1-6.3.6, 1999, such as 6×SSC (sodium chloride/sodium citrate )/45°C, followed by one or more washes at 0.2×SSC/0.1% SDS/50-65°C, etc., but those skilled in the art will be able to use hybridization methods that provide equivalent stringency. The conditions for hybridization can be selected as appropriate.
好ましい実施態様において、本発明のASOが標的とするKRAS mRNA中の領域は、配列番号1で表されるヌクレオチド配列における1~25番目、61~85番目、101~125番目、161~185番目、271~295番目、351~375番目、391~415番目及び591~615番目のヌクレオチド配列からなる群より選択されるいずれかのヌクレオチド配列と、その近傍のヌクレオチド配列とからなる領域である。ここで「その近傍のヌクレオチド配列」とは、ヌクレオチド番号で規定された前記各領域の5’-及び3’-末端に隣接する10ヌクレオチド以下、好ましくは5ヌクレオチド以下のヌクレオチド配列を意味する。 In a preferred embodiment, the regions in KRAS mRNA targeted by the ASO of the present invention are nucleotides 1 to 25, 61 to 85, 101 to 125, 161 to 185 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, A region consisting of any nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of nucleotide sequences 271st to 295th, 351st to 375th, 391st to 415th, and 591st to 615th, and a nucleotide sequence in the vicinity thereof. Here, the term "nucleotide sequence in the vicinity" means a nucleotide sequence of 10 or less nucleotides, preferably 5 or less nucleotides, adjacent to the 5'- and 3'-ends of each region defined by nucleotide numbers.
本発明のASOは、上記したいずれかの標的領域中の連続する10個以上(例、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30個)、好ましくは15個以上のヌクレオチドからなる配列を標的配列とし、それと相補的なヌクレオチド配列を含む。 The ASO of the present invention includes 10 or more consecutive ASOs (e.g., 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 , 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30), preferably a sequence consisting of 15 or more nucleotides, and a nucleotide sequence complementary thereto.
本発明のASOの長さは特に限定されないが、例えば10~30ヌクレオチド長であり、好ましくは12~30ヌクレオチド長であり、さらに好ましくは15~25ヌクレオチド長である。 The length of the ASO of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 to 30 nucleotides, preferably 12 to 30 nucleotides, and more preferably 15 to 25 nucleotides.
本発明のASOの構成単位としては、例えば、リボヌクレオチド及びデオキシリボヌクレオチドが挙げられる。これらのヌクレオチドは、修飾されていても(修飾されたヌクレオチド残基を「修飾ヌクレオチド残基」と称する場合がある)、非修飾であってもよい(非修飾のヌクレオチド残基を「非修飾ヌクレオチド残基」と称する場合がある)。 Examples of the structural units of the ASO of the present invention include ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides. These nucleotides may be modified (modified nucleotide residues are sometimes referred to as "modified nucleotide residues") or unmodified (unmodified nucleotide residues are sometimes referred to as "unmodified nucleotide residues"). (sometimes referred to as "residues").
前記ヌクレオチド残基は、構成要素として、糖、塩基及びリン酸を含む。リボヌクレオチドは、糖としてリボース残基を有し、塩基として、アデニン(A)、グアニン(G)、シトシン(C)、5-メチルシトシン(mC)及びウラシル(U)(チミン(T)に置き換えることもできる)を有し、デオキシリボヌクレオチド残基は、糖としてデオキシリボース残基を有し、塩基として、アデニン(dA)、グアニン(dG)、シトシン(dC)、5-メチルシトシン(dmC)及びチミン(dT)(ウラシル(dU)に置き換えることもできる)を有する。以下では、アデニン、グアニン、(5-メチル)シトシン、ウラシル、チミンを有するヌクレオチドをそれぞれ、アデニンヌクレオチド、グアニンヌクレオチド、(5-メチル)シトシンヌクレオチド、ウラシルヌクレオチド、チミンヌクレオチドと称する場合がある。 The nucleotide residues include sugars, bases, and phosphates as constituents. Ribonucleotides have ribose residues as sugars and as bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), 5-methylcytosine (mC) and uracil (U) (replaced by thymine (T)) deoxyribonucleotide residues have deoxyribose residues as sugars, adenine (dA), guanine (dG), cytosine (dC), 5-methylcytosine (dmC) and It has thymine (dT) (which can also be replaced by uracil (dU)). Hereinafter, nucleotides having adenine, guanine, (5-methyl)cytosine, uracil, and thymine may be referred to as adenine nucleotides, guanine nucleotides, (5-methyl)cytosine nucleotides, uracil nucleotides, and thymine nucleotides, respectively.
前記非修飾ヌクレオチド残基は、前記各構成要素が、例えば、天然に存在するものと同一又は実質的に同一であり、好ましくは、人体において天然に存在するものと同一又は実質的に同一である。 The unmodified nucleotide residues are such that each component is, for example, the same or substantially the same as that naturally occurring in the human body, preferably the same or substantially the same as that naturally occurring in the human body. .
前記修飾ヌクレオチド残基は、例えば、前記非修飾ヌクレオチド残基の構成要素のいずれが修飾されてもよい。本発明において、「修飾」には、例えば、前記構成要素の置換、付加及び/又は欠失、前記構成要素における原子及び/又は官能基の置換、付加及び/又は欠失が挙げられる。前記修飾ヌクレオチド残基としては、例えば、天然に存在するヌクレオチド残基、人工的に修飾したヌクレオチド残基等が挙げられる。前記天然由来の修飾ヌクレオチド残基としては、例えば、リンバックら(Limbach et al.、1994、Summary:the modified nucleosides of RNA、Nucleic Acids Res.22:2183~2196)を参照できる。また、前記修飾ヌクレオチド残基としては、例えば、前記ヌクレオチドの代替物の残基が挙げられる。 In the modified nucleotide residue, for example, any component of the unmodified nucleotide residue may be modified. In the present invention, "modification" includes, for example, substitution, addition, and/or deletion of the constituent elements, and substitution, addition, and/or deletion of atoms and/or functional groups in the constituent elements. Examples of the modified nucleotide residues include naturally occurring nucleotide residues, artificially modified nucleotide residues, and the like. For the naturally-derived modified nucleotide residues, see, for example, Limbach et al. (1994, Summary: the modified nucleosides of RNA, Nucleic Acids Res. 22:2183-2196). Furthermore, the modified nucleotide residues include, for example, residues of substitutes for the nucleotides.
前記ヌクレオチド残基の修飾は、例えば、糖-リン酸骨格(該骨格には、塩基も含まれる)(以下、糖リン酸骨格)の修飾が挙げられる。 Examples of the modification of the nucleotide residue include modification of the sugar-phosphate skeleton (the skeleton also includes a base) (hereinafter referred to as sugar-phosphate skeleton).
前記糖リン酸骨格において、糖がリボースの場合、例えば、リボース残基を修飾できる。前記リボース残基は、例えば、2’位炭素を修飾でき、具体的には、例えば、2’位炭素に結合する水酸基をメチル基で修飾、あるいは該水酸基を水素又はフルオロ等のハロゲンに置換できる。また、前記2’位炭素の水酸基を水素に置換することで、リボース残基をデオキシリボースに置換できる。前記リボース残基は、例えば、立体異性体に置換でき、例えば、アラビノース残基に置換してもよい。以下では、前記のように糖の2’位炭素に結合する水酸基をメトキシ基で修飾した核酸を2'-O-メチル修飾核酸と称することがある。また、本発明において、「核酸」にはヌクレオチドなどの核酸モノマーが包含される。 In the sugar phosphate skeleton, when the sugar is ribose, for example, the ribose residue can be modified. The ribose residue can, for example, modify the 2'-position carbon; specifically, for example, the hydroxyl group bonded to the 2'-position carbon can be modified with a methyl group, or the hydroxyl group can be replaced with hydrogen or a halogen such as fluoro. . Furthermore, by replacing the hydroxyl group at the 2'-position carbon with hydrogen, the ribose residue can be replaced with deoxyribose. The ribose residue can be substituted, for example, with a stereoisomer, for example, with an arabinose residue. Hereinafter, a nucleic acid in which the hydroxyl group bonded to the 2' carbon of a sugar is modified with a methoxy group as described above may be referred to as a 2'-O-methyl modified nucleic acid. Furthermore, in the present invention, "nucleic acid" includes nucleic acid monomers such as nucleotides.
前記糖リン酸骨格は、例えば、非リボース残基(非デオキシリボース残基も包含されるものとする)及び/又は非リン酸を有する非リボースリン酸骨格に置換してもよく、このような置換も糖リン酸骨格の修飾に包含される。前記非リボースリン酸骨格は、例えば、前記糖リン酸骨格の非荷電体が挙げられる。前記非リボースリン酸骨格に置換された、前記ヌクレオチドの代替物は、例えば、モルホリノ、シクロブチル、ピロリジン等が挙げられる。前記代替物は、この他に、例えば、人工核酸が挙げられる。具体例として、例えば、PNA(ペプチド核酸)、架橋構造型人工核酸(BNA:Bridged Nucleic Acid)などが挙げられる。BNAとしては、例えば、ロックト人工核酸(LNA:Locked Nucleic Acid)、2’-O,4’-C-エチレン架橋核酸(ENA:2’-O,4’-C-Ethylenebridged Nucleic Acid)などが挙げられる。以下に、本発明に用いることができるLNA及びENAを含むBNAの具体的な構造(ヌクレオシド部分)を示す(国際公開第2016/006697号公報より引用)。 The sugar phosphate skeleton may be substituted, for example, with a non-ribose residue (including a non-deoxyribose residue) and/or a non-ribose phosphate skeleton having a non-phosphate, and such a substitution Also included in the modification of the sugar phosphate skeleton. Examples of the non-ribose phosphate skeleton include uncharged forms of the sugar phosphate skeleton. Examples of substitutes for the nucleotide substituted with the non-ribose phosphate skeleton include morpholino, cyclobutyl, pyrrolidine, and the like. Other examples of the substitute include, for example, artificial nucleic acids. Specific examples include PNA (peptide nucleic acid), bridged nucleic acid (BNA), and the like. Examples of BNA include Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) and 2'-O,4'-C-Ethylenebridged Nucleic Acid (ENA). It will be done. The specific structure (nucleoside moiety) of BNA including LNA and ENA that can be used in the present invention is shown below (cited from International Publication No. 2016/006697).
式中、Rは、水素原子、分岐または環を形成していてもよい炭素数1から7のアルキル基、分岐または環を形成していてもよい炭素数2から7のアルケニル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数3から12のアリール基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数3から12のアリール部分を有するアラルキル基、または核酸合成のアミノ基の保護基を表す。好ましくは、Rは、水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、フェニル基、またはベンジル基であり、より好ましくは、Rは、水素原子またはメチル基である。また、式中、Baseは塩基を表す。 In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally branched or ring-forming alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an optionally branched or ring-forming alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, or a heteroatom. It represents an aryl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may contain an aryl group, an aralkyl group having an aryl moiety having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may contain a heteroatom, or a protecting group for an amino group in nucleic acid synthesis. Preferably, R is a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, phenyl group, or benzyl group, and more preferably, R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Moreover, in the formula, Base represents a base.
これらの人工核酸は、例えば、特開2002-241393、特開2000-297097等を参照して合成することができる。 These artificial nucleic acids can be synthesized with reference to, for example, JP-A Nos. 2002-241393 and 2000-297097.
前記糖リン酸骨格において、例えば、リン酸基を修飾できる。前記糖リン酸骨格において、糖残基に最も隣接するリン酸基は、αリン酸基と呼ばれる。前記αリン酸基は、負に荷電し、その電荷は、糖残基に非結合の2つの酸素原子にわたって、均一に分布している。前記αリン酸基における4つの酸素原子のうち、ヌクレオチド残基間のホスホジエステル結合において、糖残基と非結合である2つの酸素原子は、以下、「非結合(non-linking)酸素」ともいう。他方、前記ヌクレオチド残基間のホスホジエステル結合において、糖残基と結合している2つの酸素原子は、以下、「結合(linking)酸素」という。前記αリン酸基は、例えば、非荷電となる修飾、又は、前記非結合酸素における電荷分布が非対称型となる修飾を行うことが好ましい。 In the sugar phosphate skeleton, for example, the phosphate group can be modified. In the sugar phosphate skeleton, the phosphate group closest to the sugar residue is called an α-phosphate group. The α-phosphate group is negatively charged, and the charge is evenly distributed over the two oxygen atoms not bonded to the sugar residue. Among the four oxygen atoms in the α-phosphate group, the two oxygen atoms that are not bonded to sugar residues in the phosphodiester bond between nucleotide residues are hereinafter also referred to as "non-linking oxygen". say. On the other hand, the two oxygen atoms bonded to the sugar residue in the phosphodiester bond between the nucleotide residues are hereinafter referred to as "linking oxygen." The α-phosphate group is preferably modified to become uncharged, or modified to have an asymmetric charge distribution in the non-bonded oxygen.
前記リン酸基は、例えば、前記非結合酸素を置換してもよい。前記酸素は、例えば、S(硫黄)、Se(セレン)、B(ホウ素)、C(炭素)、H(水素)、N(窒素)及びOR(Rは、アルキル基又はアリール基)のいずれかの原子で置換でき、好ましくは、Sで置換される。前記非結合酸素は、いずれか一方又は両方が置換されていてもよく、好ましくは、いずれか一方又は両方がSで置換される。より具体的には、前記修飾リン酸基として、例えば、ホスホロチオエート、ホスホロジチオエート、ホスホロセレネート、ボラノホスフェート、ボラノホスフェートエステル、ホスホネート水素、ホスホロアミデート、アルキル又はアリールホスホネート、及びホスホトリエステル等が挙げられ、ホスホロチオエート、ホスホロジチオエートが好ましい。 The phosphate group may, for example, replace the non-bonding oxygen. The oxygen is, for example, any one of S (sulfur), Se (selenium), B (boron), C (carbon), H (hydrogen), N (nitrogen), and OR (R is an alkyl group or an aryl group). can be substituted with an atom of S, preferably with S. One or both of the non-bonding oxygens may be substituted, preferably one or both of them are substituted with S. More specifically, the modified phosphate group includes, for example, phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, phosphoroselenate, boranophosphate, boranophosphate ester, phosphonate hydrogen, phosphoroamidate, alkyl or aryl phosphonate, and Examples include phosphotriesters, and phosphorothioates and phosphorodithioates are preferred.
また、前記リン酸基はリン非含有のリンカーに置換してもよい。当該リンカーとしては、例えば、シロキサン、カーボネート、カルボキシメチル、カルバメート、アミド、チオエーテル、エチレンオキサイドリンカー、スルホネート、スルホンアミド、チオホルムアセタール、ホルムアセタール、オキシム、メチレンイミノ、メチレンメチルイミノ、メチレンヒドラゾ、メチレンジメチルヒドラゾ、及びメチレンオキシメチルイミノなどが挙げられ、好ましくは、メチレンカルボニルアミノ基及びメチレンメチルイミノ基が挙げられる。あるいは、前記リン酸基は他のリン酸非含有のリンカーに置換してもよい。このようなリンカーとしては、例えば、“Med. Chem. Commun., 2014, 5, 1454-1471”に記載されたもの等が挙げられる。 Further, the phosphoric acid group may be substituted with a phosphorus-free linker. Examples of the linker include siloxane, carbonate, carboxymethyl, carbamate, amide, thioether, ethylene oxide linker, sulfonate, sulfonamide, thioformacetal, formacetal, oxime, methyleneimino, methylenemethylimino, methylenehydrazo, methylene Examples include dimethylhydrazo and methyleneoxymethylimino, and preferred examples include methylenecarbonylamino and methylenemethylimino groups. Alternatively, the phosphate group may be replaced with other phosphate-free linkers. Examples of such linkers include those described in "Med. Chem. Commun., 2014, 5, 1454-1471".
好ましい実施態様において、本発明のASOに含まれるリン酸基の1/2以上、より好ましくは2/3以上が、上記のうちの1以上のリン酸基修飾を受けており、特に好ましくは、すべてのリン酸基が修飾を受けている。例えば、25merのASOであれば、13個以上、好ましくは17個以上、より好ましくはすべてのリン酸基が、例えばホスホロチオエート化、ホスホロジチオエート化等されている。リン酸ジエステル結合部の非結合酸素の硫黄原子による置換は、ASOの組織内分布において重要である。 In a preferred embodiment, 1/2 or more, more preferably 2/3 or more of the phosphate groups contained in the ASO of the present invention are modified by one or more of the above-mentioned phosphate groups, and particularly preferably, All phosphate groups are modified. For example, in the case of a 25-mer ASO, 13 or more, preferably 17 or more, more preferably all phosphate groups are converted into, for example, phosphorothioate or phosphorodithioate. The replacement of non-bonded oxygen at the phosphodiester bond by a sulfur atom is important in the tissue distribution of ASO.
本発明のASOは、例えば、3’末端及び5’末端の少なくとも一方のヌクレオチド残基が修飾されてもよい。前記修飾は、例えば、3’末端及び5’末端のいずれか一方でもよいし、両方でもよい。前記修飾は、例えば、前述のとおりであり、好ましくは、末端のリン酸基に行うことが好ましい。前記リン酸基は、例えば、全体を修飾してもよいし、前記リン酸基における1つ以上の原子を修飾してもよい。前者の場合、例えば、リン酸基全体の置換でもよいし、欠失でもよい。 The ASO of the present invention may be modified, for example, at least one of the nucleotide residues at the 3' end and the 5' end. The modification may be, for example, at either the 3' end or the 5' end, or at both. The modification is, for example, as described above, and is preferably performed on the terminal phosphate group. The phosphoric acid group may be entirely modified, or one or more atoms in the phosphoric acid group may be modified, for example. In the former case, for example, the entire phosphate group may be replaced or deleted.
前記末端のヌクレオチド残基の修飾は、例えば、他の分子の付加が挙げられる。前記他の分子としては、例えば、後述する標識物質や、保護基等の機能性分子が挙げられる。前記保護基としては、例えば、S(硫黄)、Si(ケイ素)、B(ホウ素)、エステル含有基等が挙げられる。前記標識物質等の機能性分子は、例えば、本発明のASOの検出等に利用できる。 Examples of modification of the terminal nucleotide residue include addition of other molecules. Examples of the other molecules include labeling substances described below and functional molecules such as protective groups. Examples of the protecting group include S (sulfur), Si (silicon), B (boron), and ester-containing groups. The functional molecules such as the labeling substances can be used, for example, to detect ASO of the present invention.
前記他の分子は、例えば、前記ヌクレオチド残基のリン酸基に付加してもよいし、スペーサーを介して、前記リン酸基又は前記糖残基に付加してもよい。前記スペーサーの末端原子は、例えば、前記リン酸基の前記結合酸素、又は、糖残基のO、N、SもしくはCに、付加又は置換できる。前記糖残基の結合部位は、例えば、3’位のCもしくは5’位のC、又はこれらに結合する原子が好ましい。前記スペーサーは、例えば、前記PNA等のヌクレオチド代替物の末端原子に、付加又は置換することもできる。 The other molecule may be added, for example, to the phosphate group of the nucleotide residue, or to the phosphate group or sugar residue via a spacer. The terminal atom of the spacer can be added to or substituted with, for example, the bonding oxygen of the phosphate group or O, N, S or C of the sugar residue. The binding site of the sugar residue is preferably C at the 3' position, C at the 5' position, or an atom bonded to these. The spacer can also be added to or substituted, for example, at the terminal atom of the nucleotide substitute, such as the PNA.
前記スペーサーは、特に制限されず、例えば、-(CH2)n-、-(CH2)nN-、-(CH2)nO-、-(CH2)nS-、O(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2OH、無塩基糖、アミド、カルボキシ、アミン、オキシアミン、オキシイミン、チオエーテル、ジスルフィド、チオ尿素、スルホンアミド、及びモルホリノ等、ならびに、ビオチン試薬及びフルオレセイン試薬等を含んでもよい。前記式において、nは、正の整数であり、n=3又は6が好ましい。 The spacer is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, -(CH 2 ) n -, -(CH 2 ) n N-, -(CH 2 ) n O-, -(CH 2 ) n S-, O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 2 CH 2 OH, abasic sugars, amides, carboxylic acids, amines, oxyamines, oxyimines, thioethers, disulfides, thioureas, sulfonamides, morpholinos, etc., as well as biotin reagents, fluorescein reagents, etc. good. In the above formula, n is a positive integer, and preferably n=3 or 6.
前記末端に付加する分子は、これらの他に、例えば、色素、インターカレート剤(例えば、アクリジン)、架橋剤(例えば、ソラレン、マイトマイシンC)、ポルフィリン(TPPC4、テキサフィリン、サッフィリン)、多環式芳香族炭化水素(例えば、フェナジン、ジヒドロフェナジン)、人工エンドヌクレアーゼ(例えば、EDTA)、親油性担体(例えば、コレステロール、コール酸、アダマンタン酢酸、1-ピレン酪酸、ジヒドロテストステロン、1,3-ビス-O(ヘキサデシル)グリセロール、ゲラニルオキシヘキシル基、ヘキサデシルグリセロール、ボルネオール、メントール、1,3-プロパンジオール、ヘプタデシル基、パルミチン酸、ミリスチン酸、O3-(オレオイル)リトコール酸、O3-(オレオイル)コール酸、ジメトキシトリチル、又はフェノキサジン)及びペプチド複合体(例えば、アンテナペディアペプチド、Tatペプチド)、アルキル化剤、リン酸、アミノ、メルカプト、PEG(例えば、PEG-40K)、MPEG、[MPEG]2、ポリアミノ、アルキル、置換アルキル、放射線標識マーカー、酵素、ハプテン(例えば、ビオチン)、輸送/吸収促進剤(例えば、アスピリン、ビタミンE、葉酸)、合成リボヌクレアーゼ(例えば、イミダゾール、ビスイミダゾール、ヒスタミン、イミダゾールクラスター、アクリジン-イミダゾール複合体、テトラアザマクロ環のEu3+複合体)等が挙げられる。 In addition to these, molecules added to the terminal include, for example, dyes, intercalating agents (e.g., acridine), cross-linking agents (e.g., psoralen, mitomycin C), porphyrins (TPPC4, texaphyrin, sapphirin), polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. phenazine, dihydrophenazine), artificial endonucleases (e.g. EDTA), lipophilic carriers (e.g. cholesterol, cholic acid, adamantane acetic acid, 1-pyrenebutyric acid, dihydrotestosterone, 1,3-bis- O(hexadecyl)glycerol, geranyloxyhexyl group, hexadecylglycerol, borneol, menthol, 1,3-propanediol, heptadecyl group, palmitic acid, myristic acid, O3-(oleoyl)lithocholic acid, O3-(oleoyl) cholic acid, dimethoxytrityl, or phenoxazine) and peptide conjugates (e.g., Antennapedia peptide, Tat peptide), alkylating agents, phosphoric acid, amino, mercapto, PEG (e.g., PEG-40K), MPEG, [MPEG] 2 , polyaminos, alkyls, substituted alkyls, radiolabeled markers, enzymes, haptens (e.g. biotin), transport/absorption enhancers (e.g. aspirin, vitamin E, folic acid), synthetic ribonucleases (e.g. imidazole, bisimidazole, histamine, imidazole cluster, acridine-imidazole complex, Eu 3+ complex of tetraazamacrocycle), etc.
本発明のASOは、前記5’末端が、例えば、リン酸基又はリン酸基アナログで修飾されてもよい。前記リン酸基は、例えば、5’一リン酸((HO)2(O)P-O-5’)、5’二リン酸((HO)2(O)P-O-P(HO)(O)-O-5’)、5’三リン酸((HO)2(O)P-O-(HO)(O)P-O-P(HO)(O)-O-5’)、5’-グアノシンキャップ(7-メチル化又は非メチル化、7m-G-O-5’-(HO)(O)P-O-(HO)(O)P-O-P(HO)(O)-O-5’)、5’-アデノシンキャップ(Appp)、任意の修飾又は非修飾ヌクレオチドキャップ構造(N-O-5’-(HO)(O)P-O-(HO)(O)P-O-P(HO)(O)-O-5’)、5’一チオリン酸(ホスホロチオエート:(HO)2(S)P-O-5’)、5’一ジチオリン酸(ホスホロジチオエート:(HO)(HS)(S)P-O-5’)、5’-ホスホロチオール酸((HO)2(O)P-S-5’)、硫黄置換の一リン酸、二リン酸及び三リン酸(例えば、5’-α-チオ三リン酸、5’-γ-チオ三リン酸等)、5’-ホスホルアミデート((HO)2(O)P-NH-5’、(HO)(NH2)(O)P-O-5’)、5’-アルキルホスホン酸(例えば、RP(OH)(O)-O-5’、(OH)2(O)P-5’-CH2、Rはアルキル(例えば、メチル、エチル、イソプロピル、プロピル等))、5’-アルキルエーテルホスホン酸(例えば、RP(OH)(O)-O-5’、Rはアルキルエーテル(例えば、メトキシメチル、エトキシメチル等))等が挙げられる。 The 5' end of the ASO of the present invention may be modified with, for example, a phosphate group or a phosphate group analog. The phosphate group is, for example, 5' monophosphate ((HO) 2 (O)PO-5'), 5' diphosphate ((HO) 2 (O)POP(HO)(O)-O- 5'), 5' triphosphate ((HO) 2 (O)PO-(HO)(O)POP(HO)(O)-O-5'), 5'-guanosine cap (7-methylated or unmethylated, 7m-GO-5'-(HO)(O)PO-(HO)(O)POP(HO)(O)-O-5'), 5'-adenosine cap (Appp), optional Modified or unmodified nucleotide cap structure (NO-5'-(HO)(O)PO-(HO)(O)POP(HO)(O)-O-5'), 5' monothiophosphate (phosphorothioate: ( HO) 2 (S)PO-5'), 5'-monodithiophosphoric acid (phosphorodithioate: (HO)(HS)(S)PO-5'), 5'-phosphorothiolic acid ((HO) 2 5' -phosphoramidates ((HO) 2 (O)P-NH-5', (HO)(NH 2 )(O)PO-5'), 5'-alkylphosphonic acids (e.g. RP(OH)( O)-O-5', (OH) 2 (O)P-5'-CH 2 , R is alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, etc.)), 5'-alkyl ether phosphonic acid (e.g. Examples include RP(OH)(O)-O-5', R is an alkyl ether (eg, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, etc.).
前記ヌクレオチド残基において、前記塩基は、特に制限されず、例えば、天然の塩基でもよいし、非天然の塩基でもよい。前記塩基は、例えば、天然由来でもよいし、合成品でもよい。前記塩基として、例えば、一般的な塩基、その修飾アナログ、ユニバーサル塩基などが使用できる。 The base in the nucleotide residue is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a natural base or a non-natural base. The base may be of natural origin or synthetic, for example. As the base, for example, common bases, modified analogs thereof, universal bases, etc. can be used.
前記塩基としては、例えば、アデニン及びグアニン等のプリン塩基、シトシン、5-メチルシトシン、ウラシル及びチミン等のピリミジン塩基が挙げられる。前記塩基としては、この他に、イノシン、チミン、キサンチン、ヒポキサンチン、ヌバラリン(nubularine)、イソグアニシン(isoguanisine)、ツベルシジン(tubercidine)等が挙げられる。前記塩基は、例えば、2-アミノアデニン、6-メチル化プリン等のアルキル誘導体;2-プロピル化プリン等のアルキル誘導体;5-ハロウラシル及び5-ハロシトシン;5-プロピニルウラシル及び5-プロピニルシトシン;6-アゾウラシル、6-アゾシトシン及び6-アゾチミン;5-ウラシル(プソイドウラシル)、4-チオウラシル、5-ハロウラシル、5-(2-アミノプロピル)ウラシル、5-アミノアリルウラシル;8-ハロ化、アミノ化、チオール化、チオアルキル化、ヒドロキシル化及び他の8-置換プリン;5-トリフルオロメチル化及び他の5-置換ピリミジン;7-メチルグアニン;5-置換ピリミジン;6-アザピリミジン;N-2、N-6、及びO-6置換プリン(2-アミノプロピルアデニンを含む);5-プロピニルウラシル及び5-プロピニルシトシン;ジヒドロウラシル;3-デアザ-5-アザシトシン;2-アミノプリン;5-アルキルウラシル;7-アルキルグアニン;5-アルキルシトシン;7-デアザアデニン;N6,N6-ジメチルアデニン;2,6-ジアミノプリン;5-アミノ-アリル-ウラシル;N3-メチルウラシル;置換1,2,4-トリアゾール;2-ピリジノン;5-ニトロインドール;3-ニトロピロール;5-メトキシウラシル;ウラシル-5-オキシ酢酸;5-メトキシカルボニルメチルウラシル;5-メチル-2-チオウラシル;5-メトキシカルボニルメチル-2-チオウラシル;5-メチルアミノメチル-2-チオウラシル;3-(3-アミノ-3-カルボキシプロピル)ウラシル;3-メチルシトシン; N4-アセチルシトシン;2-チオシトシン;N6-メチルアデニン;N6-イソペンチルアデニン;2-メチルチオ-N6-イソペンテニルアデニン;N-メチルグアニン;O-アルキル化塩基等が挙げられる。また、プリン及びピリミジンは、例えば、米国特許第3,687,808号、「Concise Encyclopedia Of Polymer Science And Engineering」、858~859頁、クロシュビッツ ジェー アイ(Kroschwitz J.I.)編、John Wiley & Sons、1990、及びイングリッシュら(Englischら)、Angewandte Chemie、International Edition、1991、30巻、p.613に開示されるものが含まれる。 Examples of the base include purine bases such as adenine and guanine, and pyrimidine bases such as cytosine, 5-methylcytosine, uracil and thymine. Other examples of the base include inosine, thymine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, nubularine, isoguanisine, tubercidine, and the like. The bases include, for example, alkyl derivatives such as 2-aminoadenine and 6-methylated purine; alkyl derivatives such as 2-propylated purine; 5-halouracil and 5-halocytosine; 5-propynyluracil and 5-propynylcytosine; 6 -Azouracil, 6-azocytosine and 6-azothymine; 5-uracil (pseudouracil), 4-thiouracil, 5-halouracil, 5-(2-aminopropyl)uracil, 5-aminoallyluracil; 8-halation, amination, Thiolated, thioalkylated, hydroxylated and other 8-substituted purines; 5-trifluoromethylated and other 5-substituted pyrimidines; 7-methylguanine; 5-substituted pyrimidines; 6-azapyrimidine; N-2, N -6, and O-6 substituted purines (including 2-aminopropyladenine); 5-propynyluracil and 5-propynylcytosine; dihydrouracil; 3-deaza-5-azacytosine; 2-aminopurine; 5-alkyluracil; 7-alkylguanine; 5-alkylcytosine; 7-deazaadenine; N6,N6-dimethyladenine; 2,6-diaminopurine; 5-amino-allyl-uracil; N3-methyluracil; substituted 1,2,4-triazole; 2-pyridinone; 5-nitroindole; 3-nitropyrrole; 5-methoxyuracil; uracil-5-oxyacetic acid; 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluracil; 5-methyl-2-thiouracil; 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouracil ;5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouracil;3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uracil;3-methylcytosine;N4-acetylcytosine;2-thiocytosine;N6-methyladenine;N6-isopentyladenine; Examples include 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenine; N-methylguanine; O-alkylated bases and the like. Purines and pyrimidines are also described, for example, in U.S. Pat. (Englisch et al.), Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 1991, vol. 30, p. 613.
前記修飾ヌクレオチド残基は、これらの他に、例えば、塩基を欠失する残基、すなわち、無塩基の糖リン酸骨格を含んでもよい。また、前記修飾ヌクレオチド残基は、例えば、国際公開第2004/080406号に記載された残基が使用できる。 In addition to these, the modified nucleotide residues may also include, for example, a residue lacking a base, that is, an abasic sugar phosphate skeleton. Further, as the modified nucleotide residue, for example, the residue described in International Publication No. 2004/080406 can be used.
本発明のASOは、例えば、標識物質で標識化されてもよい。前記標識物質は特に制限されず、例えば、蛍光物質、色素、同位体等が挙げられる。前記蛍光物質としては、例えば、ピレン、TAMRA、フルオレセイン、Cy3色素、Cy5色素等の蛍光団が挙げられる。前記色素としては、例えば、Alexa488等のAlexa色素等が挙げられる。前記同位体としては、例えば、安定同位体及び放射性同位体が挙げられ、好ましくは安定同位体である。前記安定同位体は、例えば、被ばくの危険性が少なく、専用の施設も不要であることから取り扱い性に優れ、また、コストも低減できる。また、前記安定同位体は、例えば、標識した化合物の物性変化がなく、トレーサーとしての性質にも優れる。前記安定同位体は、特に制限されず、例えば、2H、13C、15N、17O、18O、33S、34S及び36Sが挙げられる。 The ASO of the present invention may be labeled with a labeling substance, for example. The labeling substance is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fluorescent substances, dyes, isotopes, and the like. Examples of the fluorescent substance include fluorophores such as pyrene, TAMRA, fluorescein, Cy3 dye, and Cy5 dye. Examples of the dye include Alexa dyes such as Alexa488. Examples of the isotope include stable isotopes and radioactive isotopes, with stable isotopes being preferred. The above-mentioned stable isotopes, for example, have low risk of exposure and do not require dedicated facilities, so they are easy to handle and can also reduce costs. Further, the stable isotope does not change the physical properties of the labeled compound, and has excellent properties as a tracer. The stable isotope is not particularly limited and includes, for example, 2 H, 13 C, 15 N, 17 O, 18 O, 33 S, 34 S, and 36 S.
好ましい実施態様において、本発明のASOは、以下のいずれかのヌクレオチド配列を、KRAS mRNA中の標的配列(配列番号1で表されるヌクレオチド配列中の位置で表示する)に相補的な配列として含む。
CTCCGCCGCCGCGGCCGCCGCCTAG(配列番号2)(標的配列:3-27)
CCGCTGCTGCCTCCGCCGCCGCGGC(配列番号3)(標的配列:13-37)
ACTGCCGCCGCCGCTGCTGCCTCCG(配列番号4)(標的配列:23-47)
CGGGAGTACTGGCCGAGCCGCCGCC(配列番号8)(標的配列:63-87)
TGGCGGGGGCCGGGAGTACTGGCCG(配列番号9)(標的配列:73-97)
GCCTGCGCCGCGCTCGCTCCCAGTC(配列番号12)(標的配列:103-127)
CTCCCGCACCTGGGAGCCGCTGAGC(配列番号17)(標的配列:153-177)
GCAGGCCTCTCTCCCGCACCTGGGA(配列番号18)(標的配列:163-187)
AGGCACTCTTGCCTACGCCACCAGC(配列番号24)(標的配列:223-247)
CAAAATGATTCTGAATTAGCTGTAT(配列番号27)(標的配列:253-277)
TGTTGGATCATATTCGTCCACAAAA(配列番号29)(標的配列:273-297)
TTCCTGTAGGAATCCTCTATTGTTG(配列番号31)(標的配列:293-317)
TCTTGACCTGCTGTGTCGAGAATAT(配列番号37)(標的配列:353-377)
CCCAGTCCTCATGTACTGGTCCCTC(配列番号41)(標的配列:393-417)
GAAGGCAAATCACATTTATTTCCTA(配列番号55)(標的配列:533-557)
ATAAAAGGAATTCCATAACTTCTTG(配列番号61)(標的配列:593-617)
TTATAATGCATTTTTTAATTTTCAC(配列番号75)(標的配列:733-757)
CCAGATTACATTATAATGCATTTTT(配列番号76)(標的配列:743-767)
(但し、tはuに置き換えてもよく、cは5-メチルシトシン(mC)に置き換えてもよい。)
より好ましくは、本発明のASOは、上記のいずれかのヌクレオチド配列からなる核酸である。
In a preferred embodiment, the ASO of the present invention contains any of the following nucleotide sequences as a complementary sequence to the target sequence in KRAS mRNA (indicated by the position in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1) .
CTCCGCCGCCGCGGCCGCCGCCTAG (SEQ ID NO: 2) (Target sequence: 3 - 27 )
CCGCTGCTGCCTCCGCCGCCGCGGC (SEQ ID NO: 3) (Target sequence: 13 - 37 )
ACTGCCGCCGCCGCTGCTGCCTCCG (SEQ ID NO: 4) (Target sequence: 23 - 47 )
CGGGAGTACTGGCCGAGCCGCCGCC (SEQ ID NO: 8) (Target sequence: 63 - 87 )
TGGCGGGGGCCGGGAGTACTGGCCG (SEQ ID NO: 9) (Target sequence: 73 - 97 )
GCCTGCGCCGCGCTCGCTCCCAGTC (SEQ ID NO: 12) (Target sequence: 103 - 127 )
CTCCCGCACCTGGGAGCCGCTGAGC (SEQ ID NO: 17) (Target sequence: 153 - 177 )
GCAGGCCTCTCTCCCGCACCTGGGA (SEQ ID NO: 18) (Target sequence: 163 - 187 )
AGGCACTCTTGCCTACGCCACCAGC (SEQ ID NO: 24) (Target sequence: 223 - 247 )
CAAAATGATTCTGAATTAGCTGTAT (SEQ ID NO: 27) (Target sequence: 253 - 277 )
TGTTGGATCATATTCGTCCACAAAA (SEQ ID NO: 29) (Target sequence: 273 - 297 )
TTCCTGTAGGAATCCTCTATTGTTG (SEQ ID NO: 31) (Target sequence: 293 - 317 )
TCTTGACCTGCTGTGTCGAGAATAT (SEQ ID NO: 37) (Target sequence: 353 - 377 )
CCCAGTCCTCATGTACTGGTCCCTC (SEQ ID NO: 41) (Target sequence: 393 - 417 )
GAAGGCAAATCACATTTATTTCCTA (SEQ ID NO: 55) (Target sequence: 533 - 557 )
ATAAAAGGAATTCCATAACTTCTTG (SEQ ID NO: 61) (Target sequence: 593 - 617 )
TTATAATGCATTTTTTAATTTTCAC (SEQ ID NO: 75) (Target sequence: 733 - 757 )
CCAGATTACATTATAATGCATTTTT (SEQ ID NO: 76) (Target sequence: 743 - 767 )
(However, t may be replaced with u, and c may be replaced with 5-methylcytosine (mC).)
More preferably, the ASO of the present invention is a nucleic acid consisting of any of the nucleotide sequences described above.
さらに好ましい実施態様において、本発明の具体例として、配列番号2、8、12、18、29、37、41及び61のいずれかで表されるヌクレオチド配列を、標的配列に対する相補鎖配列として含むASOが挙げられる。特に好ましくは、本発明のASOは、上記いずれかの配列番号で表されるヌクレオチド配列からなる核酸である。 In a further preferred embodiment, as a specific example of the present invention, ASO can be mentioned. Particularly preferably, the ASO of the present invention is a nucleic acid consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of the above SEQ ID NOs.
別の実施態様において、本発明のASOは、
(1)5’末端に位置する5’ウイング領域;
(2)3’末端に位置する3’ウイング領域;及び
(3)領域(1)および領域(2)の間に位置するデオキシギャップ領域
を含む、ギャップマー型の核酸であり得る。ギャップマー型のASOとは、DNA(デオキシギャップ領域)と、その両側に、修飾や架橋が導入された核酸とを有する核酸(ウイング領域)であり、該DNA鎖を主鎖として、主鎖に相補的な標的RNAとヘテロ2本鎖核酸を形成し、標的RNAは、細胞に内在するRNase Hにより分解される。ウイング領域の構成ヌクレオチドはRNAであってもDNAであってもよい。
In another embodiment, the ASO of the invention is
(1) 5' wing region located at the 5'end;
It may be a gapmer-type nucleic acid comprising (2) a 3' wing region located at the 3'end; and (3) a deoxy gap region located between region (1) and region (2). A gapmer-type ASO is a nucleic acid (wing region) that has DNA (deoxy gap region) and a nucleic acid that has been modified or crosslinked on both sides. A heteroduplex nucleic acid is formed with the complementary target RNA, and the target RNA is degraded by RNase H, which is endogenous to the cell. The constituent nucleotides of the wing region may be RNA or DNA.
ギャップマー型ASOの5’及び3’ウイング領域は、それぞれ独立して2~5ヌクレオチド長であり、好ましくは3~5ヌクレオチド長である。また、ギャップマー型ASOのデオキシギャップ領域の長さは、7~10ヌクレオチドであり、好ましくは8~10ヌクレオチドである。また、ギャップマー型ASOの全長は、例えば12~30ヌクレオチド長であり、好ましくは12~25ヌクレオチド長である。 The 5' and 3' wing regions of the gapmer-type ASO are each independently 2 to 5 nucleotides long, preferably 3 to 5 nucleotides long. Furthermore, the length of the deoxy gap region of the gapmer type ASO is 7 to 10 nucleotides, preferably 8 to 10 nucleotides. Further, the total length of the gapmer type ASO is, for example, 12 to 30 nucleotides, preferably 12 to 25 nucleotides.
本発明のASOは、自体公知の化学合成法により製造することができる。例えば、ホスホロアミダイト法及びH-ホスホネート法等が挙げられる。当該化学合成法は、例えば、市販の自動核酸合成機を用いて実施することができ、アミダイトを使用する場合、例えば、市販のアミダイトとして、RNA Phosphoramidites(2’-O-TBDMSi、商品名、三千里製薬)、ACEアミダイト及びTOMアミダイト、CEEアミダイト、CEMアミダイト、TEMアミダイト等を用いることができる。 The ASO of the present invention can be produced by a chemical synthesis method known per se. Examples include the phosphoramidite method and the H-phosphonate method. The chemical synthesis method can be carried out using, for example, a commercially available automatic nucleic acid synthesizer, and when using an amidite, for example, RNA Phosphoramidites (2'-O-TBDMSi, trade name, Senri Pharmaceutical), ACE amidite, TOM amidite, CEE amidite, CEM amidite, TEM amidite, etc. can be used.
2.本発明のASOの用途
本発明のASOは、KRAS mRNAに特異的にハイブリダイズし、KRAS遺伝子の発現を阻害することができる。従って、本発明はまた、本発明のASOを含有してなるKRAS遺伝子の発現阻害剤を提供する。
2. Uses of the ASO of the present invention The ASO of the present invention can specifically hybridize to KRAS mRNA and inhibit the expression of the KRAS gene. Therefore, the present invention also provides a KRAS gene expression inhibitor containing the ASO of the present invention.
本発明のKRAS遺伝子の発現阻害剤は、例えば、KRASを高発現する対象に、本発明のASOを単独で、あるいは薬理学的に許容される担体とともに接触させることにより、該対象内に導入することができる。当該接触工程は、対象が動物個体の場合、本発明のKRAS遺伝子の発現阻害剤を該動物に投与することにより行うことができる。また、対象が動物由来の細胞、組織又は器官の培養である場合には、該培養物の培地に本発明のKRAS遺伝子の発現阻害剤を添加することにより実施することができる。 The KRAS gene expression inhibitor of the present invention is introduced into a subject that highly expresses KRAS, for example, by contacting the subject with the ASO of the present invention alone or together with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier. be able to. When the subject is an individual animal, the contacting step can be carried out by administering the KRAS gene expression inhibitor of the present invention to the animal. Furthermore, when the target is the culture of animal-derived cells, tissues, or organs, this can be carried out by adding the KRAS gene expression inhibitor of the present invention to the culture medium of the culture.
本発明のASOの標的細胞内への導入を促進するために、本発明のKRAS遺伝子の発現阻害剤は、核酸導入用試薬をさらに含んでいてもよい。該核酸導入用試薬として、アテロコラーゲン;リポソーム;ナノパーティクル;リポフェクチン、リプフェクタミン(lipofectamine)、DOGS(トランスフェクタム)、DOPE、DOTAP、DDAB、DHDEAB、HDEAB、ポリブレン、あるいはポリ(エチレンイミン)(PEI)等の陽イオン性脂質等を用いることができる。また、本発明のASOの標的細胞内への導入は、例えば、塩化カルシウムを培地に添加するカルシウムイオン富化(CEM)法により行うこともできる。 In order to promote the introduction of the ASO of the present invention into target cells, the KRAS gene expression inhibitor of the present invention may further contain a reagent for nucleic acid introduction. Reagents for introducing the nucleic acid include atelocollagen; liposome; nanoparticle; lipofectin, lipofectamine, DOGS (transfectam), DOPE, DOTAP, DDAB, DHDEAB, HDEAB, polybrene, or poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), etc. cationic lipids and the like can be used. Furthermore, the ASO of the present invention can also be introduced into target cells by, for example, a calcium ion enrichment (CEM) method in which calcium chloride is added to the medium.
KRAS遺伝子の活性化変異は、ヒトがん細胞のrasファミリーの中で最も高頻度に検出され、がん化の促進に特に重要と考えられている。また、慢性腎疾患における腎線維化にも関与が指摘されている。KRASの発現異常を示す細胞に本発明のASOを導入し、KRAS遺伝子の発現を阻害すると、当該細胞の増殖を抑制し、その生存を低下させることができる。従って、本発明はまた、本発明のASOを含有してなるKRAS遺伝子を高発現する細胞の生存抑制剤を提供する。 Activating mutations in the KRAS gene are the most frequently detected members of the ras family in human cancer cells, and are thought to be particularly important in promoting cancer development. It has also been pointed out that it is involved in renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. When the ASO of the present invention is introduced into cells exhibiting abnormal expression of KRAS and the expression of the KRAS gene is inhibited, the proliferation of the cells can be suppressed and their survival can be reduced. Therefore, the present invention also provides a survival inhibitor for cells highly expressing the KRAS gene, which contains the ASO of the present invention.
本発明の細胞生存抑制剤は、KRASを高発現する対象に、上記と同様にして接触させることができる。 The cell survival inhibitor of the present invention can be brought into contact with a subject that highly expresses KRAS in the same manner as described above.
KRAS遺伝子の発現異常は、がんをはじめとする種々の疾患を引き起こす。従って、本発明のASOを有効成分とする医薬は、これらの疾患の治療及び/又は予防に用いることができる。KRASの発現異常が関与する疾患としては、例えば、がん、腎線維症等が挙げられる。がんとしては、KRASの発現異常を示す限り特に制限はなく、例えば、上皮細胞由来の癌であり得るが、非上皮性の肉腫や血液がんであってもよい。より具体的には、例えば、消化器のがん(例えば、食道がん、胃がん、十二指腸がん、大腸がん(結腸がん、直腸がん)、肝がん(肝細胞がん、胆管細胞がん)、胆嚢がん、胆管がん、膵がん、肛門がん)、泌尿器のがん(例えば、腎がん、尿管がん、膀胱がん、前立腺がん、陰茎がん、精巣(睾丸)がん)、胸部のがん(例えば、乳がん、肺がん(非小細胞肺がん、小細胞肺がん))、生殖器のがん(例えば、子宮がん(子宮頸がん、子宮体がん)、卵巣がん、外陰がん、膣がん)、頭頸部のがん(例えば、上顎がん、咽頭がん、喉頭がん、舌がん、甲状腺がん)、皮膚のがん(例えば、基底細胞がん、有棘細胞がん)を含むが、これらに限定されない。 Abnormal expression of the KRAS gene causes various diseases including cancer. Therefore, the medicine containing ASO of the present invention as an active ingredient can be used for the treatment and/or prevention of these diseases. Examples of diseases associated with abnormal expression of KRAS include cancer, renal fibrosis, and the like. The cancer is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits abnormal expression of KRAS; for example, it may be cancer derived from epithelial cells, but it may also be non-epithelial sarcoma or blood cancer. More specifically, cancers of the digestive system (e.g., esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, duodenal cancer, colorectal cancer (colon cancer, rectal cancer), liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct cancer), cancer), gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, anal cancer), urinary organ cancer (e.g. kidney cancer, ureteral cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, penile cancer, testicular cancer) cancer of the breast (e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer)), cancer of the reproductive organs (e.g., uterine cancer (cervical cancer, endometrial cancer)) , ovarian cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer), head and neck cancer (e.g., maxillary cancer, pharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, tongue cancer, thyroid cancer), skin cancer (e.g. including, but not limited to, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma).
本発明のASOは単独で用いてよいし、あるいは医薬上許容される担体とともに、医薬組成物として製剤化してもよい。
医薬上許容される担体としては、例えば、ショ糖、デンプン等の賦形剤、セルロース、メチルセルロース等の結合剤、デンプン、カルボキシメチルセルロース等の崩壊剤、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、エアロジル等の滑剤、クエン酸、メントール等の芳香剤、安息香酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の保存剤、クエン酸、クエン酸ナトリウム等の安定剤、メチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリド等の懸濁剤、界面活性剤等の分散剤、水、生理食塩水等の希釈剤、ベースワックス等が挙げられるが、それらに限定されるものではない。
The ASO of the present invention may be used alone or may be formulated as a pharmaceutical composition with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, for example, excipients such as sucrose and starch, binders such as cellulose and methyl cellulose, disintegrants such as starch and carboxymethyl cellulose, lubricants such as magnesium stearate and Aerosil, citric acid, Flavoring agents such as menthol, preservatives such as sodium benzoate and sodium bisulfite, stabilizers such as citric acid and sodium citrate, suspending agents such as methylcellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolid, dispersing agents such as surfactants, water, Examples include diluents such as physiological saline, base wax, etc., but are not limited thereto.
本発明のASOの標的細胞内への導入を促進するために、本発明の医薬は核酸導入用試薬をさらに含んでいてもよい。該核酸導入用試薬としては、上述したものと同様のものを用いることができる。 In order to promote the introduction of the ASO of the present invention into target cells, the medicament of the present invention may further contain a reagent for nucleic acid introduction. As the nucleic acid introduction reagent, the same ones as mentioned above can be used.
また、本発明の医薬は、本発明のASOがリポソームに封入されてなる医薬組成物であってもよい。リポソームは、1以上の脂質二重層により包囲された内相を有する微細閉鎖小胞であり、通常は水溶性物質を内相に、脂溶性物質を脂質二重層内に保持することができる。本明細書において「封入」という場合には、本発明のASOはリポソーム内相に保持されてもよいし、脂質二重層内に保持されてもよい。本発明に用いられるリポソームは単層膜であっても多層膜であってもよく、また、粒子径は、例えば10~1000nm、好ましくは50~300nmの範囲で適宜選択できる。標的組織への送達性を考慮すると、粒子径は、例えば200nm以下、好ましくは100nm以下であり得る。 Furthermore, the medicament of the present invention may be a pharmaceutical composition in which the ASO of the present invention is encapsulated in liposomes. Liposomes are microscopic closed vesicles that have an internal phase surrounded by one or more lipid bilayers, and can typically retain water-soluble substances in the internal phase and lipid-soluble substances within the lipid bilayer. When "encapsulated" is used herein, the ASO of the present invention may be retained in the internal phase of the liposome or within the lipid bilayer. The liposome used in the present invention may be a monolayer or a multilayer, and the particle size can be appropriately selected within the range of, for example, 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 50 to 300 nm. Considering the deliverability to the target tissue, the particle size may be, for example, 200 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
オリゴヌクレオチドのような水溶性化合物のリポソームへの封入法としては、リピドフィルム法(ボルテックス法)、逆相蒸発法、界面活性剤除去法、凍結融解法、リモートローディング法等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されず、任意の公知の方法を適宜選択することができる。 Examples of methods for encapsulating water-soluble compounds such as oligonucleotides in liposomes include the lipid film method (vortex method), reversed-phase evaporation method, surfactant removal method, freeze-thaw method, and remote loading method. The method is not limited to, and any known method can be selected as appropriate.
本発明の医薬は、経口的に又は非経口的に、哺乳動物(例:ヒト、ラット、マウス、モルモット、ウサギ、ヒツジ、ウマ、ブタ、ウシ、サル)に対して投与することが可能であるが、非経口的に投与するのが望ましい。 The medicament of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally to mammals (e.g., humans, rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, sheep, horses, pigs, cows, monkeys). However, it is preferable to administer the drug parenterally.
非経口的な投与(例えば、皮下注射、筋肉注射、局所注入(例:脳室内投与)、腹腔内投与など)に好適な製剤としては、水性及び非水性の等張な無菌の注射液剤があり、これには抗酸化剤、緩衝液、制菌剤、等張化剤等が含まれていてもよい。また、水性及び非水性の無菌の懸濁液剤が挙げられ、これには懸濁剤、可溶化剤、増粘剤、安定化剤、防腐剤等が含まれていてもよい。当該製剤は、アンプルやバイアルのように単位投与量あるいは複数回投与量ずつ容器に封入することができる。また、有効成分及び医薬上許容される担体を凍結乾燥し、使用直前に適当な無菌のビヒクルに溶解又は懸濁すればよい状態で保存することもできる。 Preparations suitable for parenteral administration (e.g. subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, local injection (e.g. intraventricular administration), intraperitoneal administration, etc.) include aqueous and non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions. , which may include antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostatic agents, tonicity agents, and the like. Also included are aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions, which may contain suspending agents, solubilizers, thickeners, stabilizers, preservatives, and the like. The formulation can be packaged in units or multiple doses in containers such as ampoules and vials. Alternatively, the active ingredient and the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be lyophilized and stored by dissolving or suspending them in a suitable sterile vehicle immediately before use.
医薬組成物中の本発明のASOの含有量は、例えば、医薬組成物全体の約0.1ないし100重量%である。 The content of the ASO of the present invention in the pharmaceutical composition is, for example, about 0.1 to 100% by weight of the entire pharmaceutical composition.
本発明の医薬の投与量は、投与の目的、投与方法、対象疾患の種類、重篤度、投与対象の状況(性別、年齢、体重など)によって異なるが、例えば、成人に全身投与する場合、通常、本発明のASOの一回投与量として2 nmol/kg以上50 nmol/kg以下、局所投与する場合、1 pmol/kg以上10 nmol/kg以下が望ましい。かかる量を、例えば1~6か月、好ましくは2~4か月、より好ましくは約3か月の間隔で投与することができる。
本発明のASOは、従来公知のKRASに対するASOと比較して、顕著にKRAS発現阻害活性及び細胞生存抑制活性に優れているので、少ない投与量・投与回数で治療及び/又は予防効果を奏することができ、患者のQOL改善、医療費の削減、有害事象の発現抑制が可能となる。
The dosage of the medicament of the present invention varies depending on the purpose of administration, the method of administration, the type and severity of the target disease, and the circumstances of the subject (sex, age, body weight, etc.). For example, when administering systemically to adults, Usually, a single dose of ASO of the present invention is preferably 2 nmol/kg or more and 50 nmol/kg or less, and when administered locally, 1 pmol/kg or more and 10 nmol/kg or less. Such amounts can be administered, for example, at intervals of 1 to 6 months, preferably 2 to 4 months, more preferably about 3 months.
The ASO of the present invention has significantly superior KRAS expression inhibitory activity and cell survival inhibitory activity compared to conventionally known ASOs against KRAS, so it can achieve therapeutic and/or preventive effects with a small dose and frequency of administration. This makes it possible to improve patients' QOL, reduce medical costs, and suppress the occurrence of adverse events.
本発明の医薬は、本発明のASOとの配合により好ましくない相互作用を生じない限り他の活性成分を含有してもよい。他の活性成分としては、例えば、がんに対して治療効果を有する種々の化合物を適宜配合することができる。例えば、他の活性成分として、アルキル化薬(例、マスタード類、ニトロソウレア類)、代謝拮抗薬(例、葉酸系、ピリミジン系、プリン系)、抗腫瘍性抗生物質(例、アントラサイクリン)、ホルモン類似薬(例、抗エストロゲン薬、抗アンドロゲン薬、LH-RHアゴニスト、プロゲステロン、エストラジオール)、白金製剤、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬(例、トポイソメラーゼI阻害薬、トポイソメラーゼII阻害薬)などを含有していてもよい。これらの併用薬剤は、本発明の医薬とともに製剤化して単一の製剤として投与することもできるし、あるいは、本発明の医薬とは別個に製剤化して、本発明の医薬と同一もしくは別ルートで、同時もしくは時間差をおいて投与することもできる。また、これらの併用薬剤の投与量は、該薬剤を単独投与する場合に通常用いられる量であってよく、あるいは通常用いられる量より減量することもできる。 The medicament of the invention may contain other active ingredients as long as their combination with the ASO of the invention does not result in undesirable interactions. As other active ingredients, for example, various compounds having therapeutic effects against cancer can be appropriately blended. For example, other active ingredients include alkylating agents (e.g., mustards, nitrosoureas), antimetabolites (e.g., folic acids, pyrimidines, purines), antineoplastic antibiotics (e.g., anthracyclines), Even if it contains hormone analogues (e.g., anti-estrogens, anti-androgens, LH-RH agonists, progesterone, estradiol), platinum drugs, topoisomerase inhibitors (e.g., topoisomerase I inhibitors, topoisomerase II inhibitors), etc. good. These concomitant drugs can be formulated together with the medicament of the present invention and administered as a single formulation, or alternatively, they can be formulated separately from the medicament of the present invention and administered by the same or different route as the medicament of the present invention. , they can be administered simultaneously or at staggered intervals. Further, the dosage of these combined drugs may be the amount normally used when the drugs are administered alone, or may be reduced from the amount normally used.
以下、実施例等により、本発明を詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
KRAS mRNAの配列情報(NM_004985.4)に基づいて、5’-UTR、コーディング領域及び終止コドン近傍の3’-UTRに対して相補的なASOを網羅的に設計した(表1-1~1-3)。即ち、すべてのASOの長さを25ヌクレオチドとし、標的配列を3’側に10ヌクレオチドずつずらしながら810番目のヌクレオチドまでをカバーするASOを設計した。従って、隣り合うASOはそれぞれ15ヌクレオチドがオーバーラップしている。 Based on the KRAS mRNA sequence information (NM_004985.4), we comprehensively designed ASOs that are complementary to the 5'-UTR, coding region, and 3'-UTR near the stop codon (Tables 1-1 to 1 -3). That is, the length of all ASOs was set to 25 nucleotides, and ASOs were designed that covered up to the 810th nucleotide by shifting the target sequence 10 nucleotides toward the 3' side. Therefore, adjacent ASOs each overlap by 15 nucleotides.
常法に従って、上記各ヌクレオチド配列を有するASOを合成した。 ASOs having each of the above nucleotide sequences were synthesized according to conventional methods.
1,000 cell/well ヒト子宮頸がん細胞株HeLa細胞にRNAiMAX(Life Technologies)を使って78種類のKRAS antisense oligonucleotideをトランスフェクションした。ウエルあたり、oligo 50 nM, RNAiMAX 0.4 μl, medium 120 μlを使用し、72時間後にWST8 assayを行い、細胞生存率を解析した。3つのウエルの平均で、各プレートにCtrl (control antisense oligonucleotide) を入れ、これを1にセットした。結果を図1に示す。 1,000 cells/well of HeLa cells, a human cervical cancer cell line, were transfected with 78 types of KRAS antisense oligonucleotides using RNAiMAX (Life Technologies). WST8 assay was performed after 72 hours using oligo 50 nM, RNAiMAX 0.4 μl, and medium 120 μl per well to analyze cell viability. Each plate contained Ctrl (control antisense oligonucleotide), which was set to 1, on an average of three wells. The results are shown in Figure 1.
細胞生存率を10%未満に抑制するKRAS antisense oligonucleotideを8種類(KRAS-AS-01、KRAS-AS-07、KRAS-AS-11、KRAS-AS-17、KRAS-AS-28、KRAS-AS-36、KRAS-AS-40、KRAS-AS-60)見出した。これらのKRAS antisense oligonucleotide には先行研究の配列は含まれていなかった。 Eight types of KRAS antisense oligonucleotides suppress cell viability to less than 10% (KRAS-AS-01, KRAS-AS-07, KRAS-AS-11, KRAS-AS-17, KRAS-AS-28, KRAS-AS -36, KRAS-AS-40, KRAS-AS-60). These KRAS antisense oligonucleotides did not contain any sequences from previous studies.
本発明のASOは、強力にKRAS遺伝子の発現を阻害することができるので、投与量、投与回数、さらには製造コストを低減し、かつ有害事象の発現を抑制しつつ、KRAS遺伝子を高発現する細胞(例、がん細胞)の生存を低下させることができる、したがって、がんをはじめとするKRASの発現異常が関与する疾患の治療及び予防にきわめて有効である。 Since the ASO of the present invention can strongly inhibit the expression of the KRAS gene, it can reduce the dosage, number of administrations, and manufacturing costs, and suppress the occurrence of adverse events while achieving high expression of the KRAS gene. It can reduce the survival of cells (eg, cancer cells), and is therefore extremely effective in the treatment and prevention of diseases involving abnormal expression of KRAS, including cancer.
Claims (4)
配列番号2、8、12、18、29、37、41及び61からなる群より選択されるいずれかの配列番号で表されるヌクレオチド配列からなる、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド。 A single-stranded oligonucleotide that inhibits KRAS gene expression,
A single-stranded oligonucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any SEQ ID NO. selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 8, 12, 18, 29, 37, 41 and 61.
The agent according to claim 2 or 3 , which is used for cancer treatment and/or prevention.
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