JP7426332B2 - Charging control device - Google Patents

Charging control device Download PDF

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JP7426332B2
JP7426332B2 JP2020193121A JP2020193121A JP7426332B2 JP 7426332 B2 JP7426332 B2 JP 7426332B2 JP 2020193121 A JP2020193121 A JP 2020193121A JP 2020193121 A JP2020193121 A JP 2020193121A JP 7426332 B2 JP7426332 B2 JP 7426332B2
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secondary battery
temperature
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和久 松田
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Prime Planet Energy and Solutions Inc
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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Description

本発明は、車両に搭載された二次電池の充電を制御する充電制御装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a charging control device that controls charging of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle.

二次電池は、ＥＶ（電気自動車）、ＨＶ（ハイブリッド自動車）、ＰＨＶ（プラグインハイブリッド自動車）等の車両駆動用電源として広く用いられている。ＳＯＣ（Ｓｔａｔｅ Ｏｆ Ｃｈａｒｇｅ）が高い状態で二次電池を放置すると、二次電池の劣化が進行する。特許文献１には、タイマー充電モードで二次電池の外部充電を実行する際に、高ＳＯＣ状態での放置時間短縮という観点から、極力遅い時間帯に外部充電を完了させることが望ましいとの記載がある。また、特許文献２には、高ＳＯＣ状態で放置した際の二次電池の劣化の程度が温度に応じて異なることから、二次電池の温度に応じてタイマー充電の時刻スケジュールを決定する旨の記載がある。なお、タイマー充電とは、時刻に従って二次電池に対する充電を進行させることを示す。 Secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for driving vehicles such as EVs (electric vehicles), HVs (hybrid vehicles), and PHVs (plug-in hybrid vehicles). If a secondary battery is left in a high state of charge (SOC), the secondary battery will deteriorate. Patent Document 1 states that when performing external charging of a secondary battery in timer charging mode, it is desirable to complete external charging as late as possible from the viewpoint of shortening the leaving time in a high SOC state. There is. Furthermore, Patent Document 2 states that the time schedule for timer charging is determined according to the temperature of the secondary battery, since the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery when left in a high SOC state varies depending on the temperature. There is a description. Note that timer charging refers to charging the secondary battery according to time.

特開２０１４－１０７９３４号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-107934 特開２０１８－１０２０８４号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-102084

低温状態の二次電池に対して大きな電流で充電が行われると、二次電池の性能劣化が生じる場合がある。例えば、二次電池がリチウムイオン電池である場合には、低温状態の二次電池に対する充電電流を大きくすると、負極へのリチウムの析出による劣化等が生じる可能性がある。一方で、低温状態の二次電池に対する充電電流を小さくすると、充電電流が大きい場合に比べて、充電に要する時間が長引いてしまう。その結果、充電完了予定時刻に充電が完了しない不具合、および、高ＳＯＣ状態で放置されることによる劣化の進行等が生じやすくなる。 If a secondary battery in a low temperature state is charged with a large current, the performance of the secondary battery may deteriorate. For example, when the secondary battery is a lithium ion battery, increasing the charging current for the secondary battery in a low temperature state may cause deterioration due to precipitation of lithium on the negative electrode. On the other hand, when the charging current for a secondary battery in a low temperature state is made small, the time required for charging becomes longer than when the charging current is large. As a result, problems such as charging not being completed at the scheduled charging completion time and progressing deterioration due to being left in a high SOC state are likely to occur.

本開示の典型的な目的は、車両に搭載された二次電池に対して、劣化の進行を抑制しつつ適切にタイマー充電を実行することが可能な充電制御装置を提供することである。 A typical object of the present disclosure is to provide a charging control device that can appropriately perform timer charging of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle while suppressing the progress of deterioration.

かかる目的を実現するべく、ここに開示される一態様の充電制御装置は、車両に搭載された二次電池に対する、車両の外部の電源による充電を制御する充電制御装置であって、上記充電制御装置の制御部は、上記二次電池に対する充電を開始する充電開始予定時刻を取得する時刻取得ステップと、上記充電開始予定時刻における上記二次電池の推定温度を取得する推定温度取得ステップと、上記推定温度が、上記二次電池に対する充電電流が制限される温度である場合に、上記二次電池の放電または充放電を実行して上記二次電池を昇温させた後に充電を行う昇温充電に要する予測時間を取得する昇温充電時間取得ステップと、充電完了予定時刻までの時間が、上記昇温充電に要する予測時間となった際に、上記二次電池の放電または充放電を実行して上記二次電池を昇温させた後、上記二次電池に対する充電を実行する昇温充電制御ステップと、を実行する。 In order to achieve such an object, a charging control device of one embodiment disclosed herein is a charging control device that controls charging of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle by a power source external to the vehicle, and the charging control device The control unit of the device comprises: a time acquisition step of acquiring a scheduled charging start time to start charging the secondary battery; an estimated temperature acquisition step of acquiring an estimated temperature of the secondary battery at the scheduled charging start time; When the estimated temperature is a temperature at which the charging current for the secondary battery is limited, temperature-raising charging is performed in which charging is performed after discharging or charging/discharging the secondary battery to raise the temperature of the secondary battery. A heating charging time acquisition step of acquiring the predicted time required for heating and charging, and when the time until the scheduled charging completion time reaches the predicted time required for heating charging, discharging or charging/discharging the secondary battery. After raising the temperature of the secondary battery, a temperature raising charging control step of charging the secondary battery is executed.

本開示に係る充電制御装置によると、充電開始予定時刻における二次電池の推定温度が、充電電流が制限される温度である場合には、充電または充放電によって二次電池を昇温させた後に充電を行う昇温充電が、適切なタイミングで実行される。従って、二次電池が低温状態のまま充電を行う場合とは異なり、充電電流を大きくしても二次電池の劣化が進行し難い。また、充電または充放電によって二次電池が昇温されるので、二次電池を昇温させるための構成（例えばヒータ等）を設ける必要もない。よって、二次電池の温度が低い場合でも、劣化の進行を抑制しつつ適切にタイマー充電が実行される。 According to the charging control device according to the present disclosure, if the estimated temperature of the secondary battery at the scheduled charging start time is a temperature at which the charging current is limited, after raising the temperature of the secondary battery by charging or charging/discharging. Temperature raising charging for charging is performed at appropriate timing. Therefore, unlike the case where charging is performed while the secondary battery is in a low temperature state, deterioration of the secondary battery does not progress easily even if the charging current is increased. Further, since the temperature of the secondary battery is increased by charging or discharging, there is no need to provide a structure (for example, a heater, etc.) for increasing the temperature of the secondary battery. Therefore, even when the temperature of the secondary battery is low, timer charging can be appropriately performed while suppressing the progress of deterioration.

ここに開示される充電制御装置の効果的な一態様では、推定温度が、二次電池に対する充電電流が制限される温度である場合に、制御部は、制限された充電電流による二次電池の充電である制限充電に要する予測時間を取得する制限充電時間取得ステップをさらに実行する。制御部は、昇温充電に要する予測時間が、制限充電に要する予測時間よりも短い場合に、昇温充電制御ステップを実行する。この場合、制限充電および昇温充電のうち、充電に要する予測時間が短い充電方法によって、二次電池の充電が実行される。従って、充電時間が長引くことによる二次電池の劣化が、より適切に抑制される。 In an effective aspect of the charging control device disclosed herein, when the estimated temperature is a temperature at which charging current for the secondary battery is limited, the control unit controls charging of the secondary battery by the limited charging current. A limited charging time acquisition step of obtaining a predicted time required for limited charging, which is charging, is further executed. The control unit executes the temperature increase charging control step when the predicted time required for temperature increase charging is shorter than the predicted time required for limit charging. In this case, the secondary battery is charged by a charging method that has a shorter estimated charging time among the limited charging and the temperature rising charging. Therefore, deterioration of the secondary battery due to prolonged charging time is more appropriately suppressed.

ここに開示される充電制御装置の効果的な一態様では、制御部は、昇温充電制御ステップにおいて、二次電池の充電量が放電のみで昇温充電を実行可能な充電量である場合には、放電のみによって前記二次電池を昇温させる。前述したように、低温状態の二次電池に対する充電電流を大きくすると、二次電池の性能劣化が生じる場合があるので、二次電池を昇温させるための充放電においても、充電電流を小さく設定せざるを得ない。これに対し、放電のみで昇温充電を実行可能である場合には、大きな電流を放電させることで、短時間で二次電池を昇温させることができる。従って、放電のみで昇温充電を実行可能な場合に、放電のみによって二次電池を昇温させることで、充電時間が長引くことによる二次電池の劣化がより適切に抑制される。 In an effective aspect of the charging control device disclosed herein, the control unit, in the heating charging control step, controls the charging amount when the charging amount of the secondary battery is such that heating charging can be performed only by discharging. raises the temperature of the secondary battery only by discharging. As mentioned above, increasing the charging current for a secondary battery in a low temperature state may cause performance deterioration of the secondary battery, so the charging current should be set low even when charging and discharging to raise the temperature of the secondary battery. I have no choice but to do it. On the other hand, if temperature raising charging can be performed only by discharging, the temperature of the secondary battery can be raised in a short time by discharging a large current. Therefore, when temperature raising charging can be performed only by discharging, by raising the temperature of the secondary battery only by discharging, deterioration of the secondary battery due to a prolonged charging time can be more appropriately suppressed.

ここに開示される充電制御装置の効果的な一態様では、制御部は、昇温充電制御ステップにおいて、温度センサによって検出される二次電池の温度に基づいて、昇温のための放電または充放電を制御する。この場合、検出された実際の二次電池の温度に基づいて、充電電流の大きさ等が制御されるので、劣化がより適切に抑制された状態で二次電池が昇温される。 In an effective aspect of the charge control device disclosed herein, the control unit controls discharging or charging for temperature increase based on the temperature of the secondary battery detected by the temperature sensor in the temperature increase charge control step. Control discharge. In this case, the magnitude of the charging current and the like are controlled based on the detected actual temperature of the secondary battery, so that the temperature of the secondary battery is increased while deterioration is more appropriately suppressed.

充電制御装置１の概略構成図である。1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a charging control device 1. FIG. 充電制御装置１が実行する充電制御処理のフローチャートである。3 is a flowchart of charging control processing executed by charging control device 1. FIG. 通常充電、制限充電、および昇温充電の各々に要した充電時間を比較したグラフである。It is a graph comparing the charging times required for each of normal charging, limited charging, and temperature rising charging.

以下、本開示における典型的な実施形態の１つについて、図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。本明細書において特に言及している事項以外の事柄であって実施に必要な事柄は、当該分野における従来技術に基づく当業者の設計事項として把握され得る。本発明は、本明細書に開示されている内容と当該分野における技術常識とに基づいて実施することができる。また、各図における寸法関係は実際の寸法関係を反映するものではない。 Hereinafter, one typical embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Matters other than those specifically mentioned in this specification that are necessary for implementation can be understood as matters designed by those skilled in the art based on the prior art in the field. The present invention can be implemented based on the content disclosed in this specification and the common general knowledge in the field. Furthermore, the dimensional relationships in each figure do not reflect the actual dimensional relationships.

本明細書において、「電池」とは、電気エネルギーを取り出し可能な蓄電デバイス一般を指す用語であって、一次電池および二次電池を含む概念である。「二次電池」とは、繰り返し充放電可能な蓄電デバイス一般をいい、リチウムイオン二次電池、ニッケル水素電池、ニッケルカドミウム電池等のいわゆる蓄電池（すなわち化学電池）の他、電気二重層キャパシタ等のキャパシタ（すなわち物理電池）を包含する。以下、二次電池の一種であるリチウムイオン二次電池の充電制御装置を例示して、本開示に係る充電制御装置について詳細に説明する。ただし、本開示に係る充電制御装置を、以下の実施形態に記載されたものに限定することを意図したものではない。例えば、リチウムイオン二次電池以外の二次電池（例えば、ニッケル水素電池等）の充放電を制御する充電制御装置に、本開示で例示した技術の少なくとも一部を適用することも可能である。 In this specification, "battery" is a term that generally refers to power storage devices that can extract electrical energy, and is a concept that includes primary batteries and secondary batteries. "Secondary battery" refers to general electricity storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and includes so-called storage batteries (i.e., chemical batteries) such as lithium ion secondary batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and nickel-cadmium batteries, as well as electric double layer capacitors, etc. Contains a capacitor (i.e. a physical battery). Hereinafter, a charging control device according to the present disclosure will be described in detail by exemplifying a charging control device for a lithium ion secondary battery, which is a type of secondary battery. However, the charging control device according to the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to those described in the following embodiments. For example, it is also possible to apply at least part of the techniques exemplified in the present disclosure to a charging control device that controls charging and discharging of secondary batteries other than lithium ion secondary batteries (for example, nickel-metal hydride batteries, etc.).

図１を参照して、充電制御装置１を備えた車両の構成の一例について概略的に説明する。前述したように、本実施形態の充電制御装置１が充放電を制御する二次電池２は、リチウムイオン二次電池である。充電制御装置１は、ＣＰＵ１１および記憶装置１２を備える。ＣＰＵ１１は、二次電池２の充放電制御等の各種制御を司る。記憶装置１２には、閾値等の各種情報、およびプログラム等が記憶されている。充電制御装置１には、各種デバイス（例えば、車両に搭載される電子制御システム（ＥＣＵ）等）を使用できる。充電制御装置１は、二次電池２に対するタイマー充電を実行することができる。タイマー充電とは、時刻に従って二次電池に対する充電を進行させることを示す。本実施形態では、充電を完了される予定の時刻（充電完了予定時刻）等が予め設定されて、記憶装置１２に記憶されている。ＣＰＵ１１は、設定された時刻と現在時刻に応じてタイマー充電を制御する。充電制御装置１は、駆動装置３、充電器４、電圧計５、電流計６、および温度センサ７に接続されている。 With reference to FIG. 1, an example of the configuration of a vehicle equipped with a charging control device 1 will be schematically described. As described above, the secondary battery 2 whose charging and discharging is controlled by the charging control device 1 of this embodiment is a lithium ion secondary battery. Charging control device 1 includes a CPU 11 and a storage device 12. The CPU 11 manages various controls such as charging and discharging control of the secondary battery 2. The storage device 12 stores various information such as threshold values, programs, and the like. As the charging control device 1, various devices (for example, an electronic control system (ECU) mounted on a vehicle, etc.) can be used. The charging control device 1 can perform timer charging of the secondary battery 2. Timer charging refers to charging the secondary battery according to time. In this embodiment, the time at which charging is scheduled to be completed (scheduled charging completion time) and the like are set in advance and stored in the storage device 12. The CPU 11 controls timer charging according to the set time and the current time. Charging control device 1 is connected to drive device 3 , charger 4 , voltmeter 5 , ammeter 6 , and temperature sensor 7 .

駆動装置３は、車両が走行するための駆動力を発生させる。詳細には、本実施形態の駆動装置３は、入力装置（例えば、発電機）と、出力装置（例えば、出力先の外部装置）とを備える。入力装置は、車両の制動時に発生する運動エネルギーを電力に変換して、二次電池２に充電電力を供給する。また、出力装置は、二次電池２から供給される放電電力によって、車両を駆動する。 The drive device 3 generates driving force for driving the vehicle. In detail, the drive device 3 of this embodiment includes an input device (for example, a generator) and an output device (for example, an external device to which the output is performed). The input device converts kinetic energy generated during braking of the vehicle into electric power, and supplies charging power to the secondary battery 2 . Further, the output device drives the vehicle using the discharge power supplied from the secondary battery 2.

充電器４は、受電部９によって受電された電力の電圧を、二次電池２の電圧レベルに変換し、二次電池２へ出力する。充電器４は、例えば、整流器およびインバータ等を備える。受電部９は、外部電源（図示せず）から供給される電力を受ける電力インターフェースである。 Charger 4 converts the voltage of the power received by power receiving unit 9 to the voltage level of secondary battery 2 and outputs it to secondary battery 2 . Charger 4 includes, for example, a rectifier, an inverter, and the like. The power receiving unit 9 is a power interface that receives power supplied from an external power source (not shown).

電圧計５は、二次電池２に並列に接続されており、二次電池２の正負極間の電圧を測定する。電流計６は、二次電池２に直接に接続されており、二次電池２に流れた電流を測定する。温度センサ７は、二次電池２の近傍に設けられており、二次電池２の温度を検出する。 The voltmeter 5 is connected in parallel to the secondary battery 2 and measures the voltage between the positive and negative electrodes of the secondary battery 2. The ammeter 6 is directly connected to the secondary battery 2 and measures the current flowing through the secondary battery 2. The temperature sensor 7 is provided near the secondary battery 2 and detects the temperature of the secondary battery 2.

図２を参照して、本実施形態の充電制御装置１が実行する充電制御処理について説明する。充電制御装置１のＣＰＵ１１は、記憶装置１２に記憶されたプログラムに従って、図２に例示する充電制御処理を実行する。 With reference to FIG. 2, the charging control process executed by the charging control device 1 of this embodiment will be described. The CPU 11 of the charging control device 1 executes the charging control process illustrated in FIG. 2 according to the program stored in the storage device 12.

前述したように、低温状態の二次電池２に対して大きな電流で充電が行われると、リチウムの析出等に起因する二次電池２の性能劣化が生じる場合がある。また、小さい電流で二次電池２に対する充電が行われる場合にも、充電時間が過度に長引くと、高ＳＯＣ状態で放置されることによる二次電池２の劣化が生じる場合がある。本実施形態の充電制御処理では、充電開始時における二次電池２の状態に応じて、二次電池２に対する適切な充電方法が選択される。 As described above, when the secondary battery 2 in a low temperature state is charged with a large current, the performance of the secondary battery 2 may deteriorate due to lithium precipitation or the like. Furthermore, even when charging the secondary battery 2 with a small current, if the charging time is excessively long, the secondary battery 2 may deteriorate due to being left in a high SOC state. In the charging control process of this embodiment, an appropriate charging method for the secondary battery 2 is selected depending on the state of the secondary battery 2 at the time of starting charging.

本実施形態の充電制御処理で用いられるタイマー充電の方法には、通常充電、制限充電、および昇温充電がある。通常充電は、充電時の二次電池２の温度が、充電電流の大きさを制限する必要が無い温度（本実施形態では、充電電流の大きさを制限する閾値よりも高い温度）である場合に実行される充電方法である。通常充電中の充電電流は、制限充電中の充電電流よりも大きい。制限充電は、充電時の二次電池２の温度が、充電電流の大きさを制限する必要がある温度（本実施形態では、充電電流の大きさを制限する閾値以下の温度）である場合に実行される充電方法である。制限充電中の充電電流は、通常充電中の充電電流よりも小さい。昇温充電は、二次電池２の放電または充放電を行って二次電池２を昇温させた後に、二次電池２に対する充電を実行する充電方法である。昇温充電によると、制限充電による充電電流よりも大きな電流で充電を行うことができる。以下、処理の詳細について説明する。 The timer charging methods used in the charging control process of this embodiment include normal charging, limited charging, and temperature rising charging. Normal charging is performed when the temperature of the secondary battery 2 during charging is a temperature at which there is no need to limit the magnitude of the charging current (in this embodiment, a temperature higher than the threshold value that limits the magnitude of the charging current). This is the charging method that is performed. The charging current during normal charging is larger than the charging current during limited charging. Limit charging is performed when the temperature of the secondary battery 2 during charging is a temperature at which it is necessary to limit the magnitude of the charging current (in this embodiment, a temperature below a threshold value that limits the magnitude of the charging current). This is the charging method performed. The charging current during limited charging is smaller than the charging current during normal charging. Temperature rising charging is a charging method in which charging of the secondary battery 2 is performed after discharging or charging/discharging the secondary battery 2 to raise the temperature of the secondary battery 2 . According to temperature rising charging, charging can be performed with a larger current than the charging current caused by limited charging. The details of the process will be explained below.

まず、ＣＰＵ１１は、昇温（時短）モードが設定されているか否かを判断する（Ｓ１）。本実施形態では、ユーザは、二次電池２の状態に応じて昇温充電を実行する昇温（時短）モードと、二次電池２の状態に関わらず昇温充電を実行しない（つまり、通常充電または制限充電によって充電を行う）昇温非実行モードのいずれかを、予め設定することができる。昇温（時短）モードが設定されていなければ（Ｓ１：ＮＯ）、処理はそのままＳ１９へ移行し、通常充電または制限充電によるタイマー充電が実行される（Ｓ１９，Ｓ２０）。 First, the CPU 11 determines whether the temperature increase (time saving) mode is set (S1). In the present embodiment, the user can choose between a heating (time saving) mode in which heating charging is performed depending on the state of the secondary battery 2, and a heating (time saving) mode in which heating charging is not performed regardless of the state of the secondary battery 2 (that is, normal mode). It is possible to set in advance either a charging mode or a non-temperature raising mode (charging via limited charging). If the temperature increase (time saving) mode is not set (S1: NO), the process directly proceeds to S19, and timer charging by normal charging or limited charging is executed (S19, S20).

昇温（時短）モードが設定されている場合には（Ｓ１：ＹＥＳ）、ＣＰＵ１１は、その時点で温度センサ７によって検出された二次電池２の温度を取得する（Ｓ２）。次いで、ＣＰＵ１１は、通常充電によって二次電池２のタイマー充電を実行すると仮定した場合の充電開始予定時刻を取得する（Ｓ３）。充電開始予定時刻は、例えば、予め設定されている充電完了予定時刻、通常充電中における充電電流の値、および、充電が行われる前の二次電池２のＳＯＣ等に基づいて算出されてもよい。二次電池２のＳＯＣは、電圧計５によって測定された二次電池２の電圧に基づいて、公知の方法で算出されてもよい。 If the temperature increase (time saving) mode is set (S1: YES), the CPU 11 acquires the temperature of the secondary battery 2 detected by the temperature sensor 7 at that time (S2). Next, the CPU 11 obtains a scheduled charging start time when it is assumed that timer charging of the secondary battery 2 is performed by normal charging (S3). The scheduled charging start time may be calculated based on, for example, a preset scheduled charging completion time, the value of the charging current during normal charging, the SOC of the secondary battery 2 before charging, etc. . The SOC of the secondary battery 2 may be calculated by a known method based on the voltage of the secondary battery 2 measured by the voltmeter 5.

次いで、ＣＰＵ１１は、Ｓ３で取得された充電開始予定時刻における二次電池２の電池温度を推定する（Ｓ４）。二次電池２の電池温度の推定方法は、適宜選択できる。例えば、ＣＰＵ１１は、時刻ｔｎで取得された二次電池２の温度（Ｔｂ＿ｔｎ）、充電開始予定時刻における推定環境温度（α）、および、時刻ｔｎから充電開始予定時刻までの時間（ｔｗ）を、以下の（式１）に当てはめることで、充電開始予定時刻における二次電池２の電池温度（Ｔｂ＿ｅｓ（ｔｎ＋１））を推定することができる。なお、Ｄは規定の定数である。この方法は、特開２０１８－７４２８号公報等に開示されている。
（式１）・・・Ｔｂ＿ｅｓ（ｔｎ＋１）＝（Ｔｂ＿ｔｎ－α）ｅ－Ｄ／ｔｗ＋α Next, the CPU 11 estimates the battery temperature of the secondary battery 2 at the scheduled charging start time acquired in S3 (S4). The method for estimating the battery temperature of the secondary battery 2 can be selected as appropriate. For example, the CPU 11 calculates the temperature of the secondary battery 2 (Tb_t n ) obtained at time t n , the estimated environmental temperature (α) at the scheduled charging start time, and the time from time t n to the scheduled charging start time (tw ) to the following (Equation 1), it is possible to estimate the battery temperature (Tb_es(t n+1 )) of the secondary battery 2 at the scheduled charging start time. Note that D is a prescribed constant. This method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-7428 and the like.
(Formula 1)...Tb_es(t n+1 )=(Tb_t n -α)e -D/tw +α

次いで、Ｓ４で推定された充電開始予定時刻の電池温度が、電流制限される温度（本実施形態では、閾値以下の温度）であるか否かが判断される（Ｓ５）。電流制限される温度でなければ（Ｓ５：ＮＯ）。通常充電が実行されても二次電池２は劣化し難いので、処理はそのままＳ１９へ移行し、通常充電によるタイマー充電が実行される（Ｓ１９，Ｓ２０）。 Next, it is determined whether the battery temperature at the scheduled charging start time estimated in S4 is a temperature at which current is limited (in this embodiment, a temperature below a threshold value) (S5). If it is not the temperature at which the current is limited (S5: NO). Since the secondary battery 2 is unlikely to deteriorate even if normal charging is performed, the process proceeds directly to S19, and timer charging by normal charging is performed (S19, S20).

充電開始予定時刻の電池温度が、電流制限される温度であれば（Ｓ５：ＹＥＳ）、制限充電に要する予測時間Ａが演算される（Ｓ７）。制限充電に要する予測時間Ａは、例えば、制限充電中における充電電流の値、および、充電が行われる前の二次電池２のＳＯＣ等に基づいて算出されてもよい。 If the battery temperature at the scheduled charging start time is a temperature at which current is limited (S5: YES), a predicted time A required for limited charging is calculated (S7). The predicted time A required for limited charging may be calculated based on, for example, the value of the charging current during limited charging, the SOC of the secondary battery 2 before charging, and the like.

次いで、ＣＰＵ１１は、昇温充電を行う場合の昇温量および昇温時間を演算する（Ｓ８）。Ｓ８で算出される昇温量は、昇温充電において、二次電池２に対する充電電流の供給を開始させるまでの間に二次電池２を昇温させることが必要な温度を示す。 Next, the CPU 11 calculates a temperature increase amount and a temperature increase time when performing temperature increase charging (S8). The temperature increase amount calculated in S8 indicates the temperature at which it is necessary to raise the temperature of the secondary battery 2 before starting supply of charging current to the secondary battery 2 in the temperature increase charging.

Ｓ８における昇温量および昇温時間の演算方法は、適宜選択できる。一例として、本実施形態では、昇温充電に要する予測時間が最も短くなる場合の昇温量が演算される。詳細には、本実施形態のＳ８では、ＣＰＵ１１は、下記の（数１）を用いて、放電による単位時間当たりの二次電池２の昇温量を算出し、昇温後の二次電池２の温度を算出する。次いで、ＣＰＵ１１は、昇温後の二次電池２の温度に基づいて、昇温後の二次電池２の抵抗を取得し、取得した抵抗と（数１）を用いて、単位時間当たりの二次電池２の昇温量および昇温後の温度を再度算出する。算出される二次電池２の温度が目標温度に到達するまで、以上の処理が繰り返される。その結果、昇温量および昇温時間の累積値が、充電電流の供給を開始させるまでの昇温量および昇温時間となる。なお、（数１）に代入される抵抗の初期値は、充電開始予定時刻における二次電池２の推定温度に基づいて設定される。二次電池２の抵抗値は、例えば、二次電池２の温度と抵抗が関連付けられたマップが参照されることで取得されてもよい。また、昇温量および昇温時間を算出する際の単位時間を短くする程、推定制度は向上する。

Figure 0007426332000001
The method of calculating the temperature increase amount and temperature increase time in S8 can be selected as appropriate. As an example, in this embodiment, the amount of temperature increase when the predicted time required for temperature increase charging is the shortest is calculated. Specifically, in S8 of this embodiment, the CPU 11 calculates the amount of temperature increase of the secondary battery 2 per unit time due to discharge using the following (Equation 1), and calculates the amount of temperature increase of the secondary battery 2 after the temperature increase. Calculate the temperature of Next, the CPU 11 obtains the resistance of the secondary battery 2 after the temperature rise based on the temperature of the secondary battery 2 after the temperature rise, and calculates the resistance of the secondary battery 2 per unit time using the obtained resistance and (Equation 1). The amount of temperature increase of the next battery 2 and the temperature after the temperature increase are calculated again. The above process is repeated until the calculated temperature of the secondary battery 2 reaches the target temperature. As a result, the cumulative value of the temperature increase amount and temperature increase time becomes the temperature increase amount and temperature increase time until the supply of charging current is started. Note that the initial value of the resistance substituted into (Equation 1) is set based on the estimated temperature of the secondary battery 2 at the scheduled charging start time. The resistance value of the secondary battery 2 may be obtained, for example, by referring to a map in which the temperature and resistance of the secondary battery 2 are associated. Furthermore, the shorter the unit time when calculating the temperature increase amount and the temperature increase time, the better the estimation accuracy will be.
Figure 0007426332000001

また、ＣＰＵ１１は、二次電池２の容量に基づいて、二次電池２の温度を放電のみによって目標温度に昇温できるか否かを判断する（Ｓ１０）。放電のみでは目標温度に昇温できず、充放電が必要である場合には（Ｓ１０：ＮＯ）、ＣＰＵ１１は、充電による昇温量よび昇温時間も考慮したうえで、二次電池２の昇温量および昇温時間を演算する（Ｓ１１）。 Further, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the temperature of the secondary battery 2 can be raised to the target temperature only by discharging, based on the capacity of the secondary battery 2 (S10). If the temperature cannot be raised to the target temperature by discharging alone and charging/discharging is required (S10: NO), the CPU 11 determines whether or not the secondary battery 2 can be raised to the target temperature, taking into account the amount of temperature rise due to charging and the temperature rise time. The temperature amount and heating time are calculated (S11).

次いで、ＣＰＵ１１は、Ｓ８～Ｓ１１で算出された結果に基づいて、昇温充電に要する予測時間Ｂを算出する（Ｓ１２）。本実施形態では、ＣＰＵ１１は、二次電池２の温度を目標温度に到達させた際に放電によって消費されていると予測される容量を算出し、消費される容量を考慮したうえで、二次電池２に対する充電量を算出する。ＣＰＵ１１は、目標温度に昇温させた二次電池２に対して供給することが可能な充電電流と、（数１）とを用いて、充電中における単位時間当たりの二次電池２の昇温量を算出する。ＣＰＵ１１は、二次電池２の温度、抵抗、および充電電流を経時変化させながら、必要な充電量が充電されるまでの充電時間を算出することで、昇温充電に要する予測時間Ｂを算出する。なお、本実施形態では、ＣＰＵ１１は、二次電池２の目標温度を複数設定し、各々の目標温度についてＳ８～Ｓ１２の演算を行うことで、最も短くなると予想される昇温時間および予測時間Ｂを算出する。 Next, the CPU 11 calculates a predicted time B required for heating charging based on the results calculated in S8 to S11 (S12). In the present embodiment, the CPU 11 calculates the capacity that is predicted to be consumed by discharging when the temperature of the secondary battery 2 reaches the target temperature, and calculates the capacity that is predicted to be consumed by discharging when the temperature of the secondary battery 2 reaches the target temperature. Calculate the amount of charge for battery 2. The CPU 11 calculates the temperature increase of the secondary battery 2 per unit time during charging using the charging current that can be supplied to the secondary battery 2 heated to the target temperature and (Equation 1). Calculate the amount. The CPU 11 calculates the predicted time B required for heating charging by calculating the charging time until the required amount of charge is charged while changing the temperature, resistance, and charging current of the secondary battery 2 over time. . In the present embodiment, the CPU 11 sets a plurality of target temperatures for the secondary battery 2, and performs the calculations in S8 to S12 for each target temperature, thereby determining the temperature rise time and predicted time B that are expected to be the shortest. Calculate.

ただし、昇温充電に要する予測時間Ｂの算出方法を変更することも可能である。例えば、温度、抵抗、通電時間、および電流を変更しつつ、二次電池２と同種の電池に対する昇温充電が複数回実行されることで、各々の昇温充電に実際に要した時間が事前に計測されていてもよい。計測された充電時間と、充電時の各種条件との関係に基づいて、充電時の各種条件から予測時間Ｂを取得するためのアルゴリズム（例えばテーブル等）が作成されていてもよい。ＣＰＵ１１は、各種条件をアルゴリズムに当てはめることで、予測時間Ｂを取得してもよい。 However, it is also possible to change the method of calculating the predicted time B required for temperature raising charging. For example, by performing heating charging for a battery of the same type as secondary battery 2 multiple times while changing the temperature, resistance, energizing time, and current, the actual time required for each heating charging may be calculated in advance. may be measured. Based on the relationship between the measured charging time and various conditions at the time of charging, an algorithm (for example, a table, etc.) for obtaining the predicted time B from various conditions at the time of charging may be created. The CPU 11 may obtain the predicted time B by applying various conditions to an algorithm.

次いで、ＣＰＵ１１は、制限充電に要する予測時間Ａが、昇温充電に要する予測時間Ｂよりも長いか否かを判断する（Ｓ１４）。制限充電に要する予測時間Ａが、昇温充電に要する予測時間Ｂ以下である場合には（Ｓ１４：ＮＯ）、二次電池２を昇温させずに制限充電を行った方が、二次電池２の劣化は進行し難い。従って、処理はＳ１９，Ｓ２０へ移行し、制限充電によるタイマー充電が実行される。 Next, the CPU 11 determines whether the predicted time A required for limited charging is longer than the predicted time B required for temperature rising charging (S14). If the predicted time A required for limited charging is less than or equal to the predicted time B required for temperature rising charging (S14: NO), it is better to perform limited charging without raising the temperature of the secondary battery 2. The deterioration of 2 is difficult to progress. Therefore, the process moves to S19 and S20, and timer charging with limited charging is executed.

制限充電に要する予測時間Ａが、昇温充電に要する予測時間Ｂよりも長い場合には（Ｓ１４：ＹＥＳ）、昇温充電が実行される（Ｓ１５～Ｓ１７，Ｓ２０）。詳細には、ＣＰＵ１１は、充電完了予定時刻までの時間が、Ｓ８～Ｓ１２で算出された予測時間Ｂとなる時間を、昇温開始時間として設定する（Ｓ１５）。 If the predicted time A required for limited charging is longer than the predicted time B required for temperature raising charging (S14: YES), temperature raising charging is executed (S15 to S17, S20). Specifically, the CPU 11 sets the time until the scheduled charging completion time becomes the predicted time B calculated in S8 to S12 as the temperature increase start time (S15).

次いで、ＣＰＵ１１は、昇温開始時間まで待機した後（Ｓ１６）、二次電池２の放電または充放電を実行することで、二次電池２を昇温させる（Ｓ１７）。なお、Ｓ１７の処理では、二次電池２の充電量が、放電のみで二次電池２の温度を目標温度に昇温させることが可能な充電量（つまり、放電のみで昇温充電を実行可能な充電量）である場合には、放電のみによって（つまり、充電を伴わずに）二次電池２が昇温される。その結果、昇温のために充電を伴う場合に比べて、昇温充電に要する時間が短くなる。また、Ｓ１７の処理では、温度センサ７によって実際に検出される二次電池２の温度に基づいて、昇温のための放電または充放電が制御される。従って、過度な昇温や、昇温の不足等が生じにくいので、より適切に昇温充電が実行される。その後、二次電池２の実際の温度に応じた充電電流で、二次電池２に対する充電が実行される（Ｓ２０）。 Next, after waiting until the temperature increase start time (S16), the CPU 11 raises the temperature of the secondary battery 2 by discharging or charging/discharging the secondary battery 2 (S17). In addition, in the process of S17, the amount of charge of the secondary battery 2 is determined to be the amount of charge that can raise the temperature of the secondary battery 2 to the target temperature only by discharging (in other words, it is possible to perform temperature raising charging only by discharging). (charge amount), the temperature of the secondary battery 2 is increased only by discharging (that is, without charging). As a result, the time required for temperature raising charging is shorter than when charging is required to raise the temperature. Further, in the process of S17, based on the temperature of the secondary battery 2 actually detected by the temperature sensor 7, discharging or charging/discharging for raising the temperature is controlled. Therefore, excessive temperature rise, insufficient temperature rise, etc. are less likely to occur, so temperature raising charging can be performed more appropriately. Thereafter, the secondary battery 2 is charged with a charging current according to the actual temperature of the secondary battery 2 (S20).

図３を参照して、昇温充電による効果を示すための比較試験の結果について説明する。今回の試験では、二次電池２の温度以外の条件（ＳＯＣ等）を同一とし、充電開始時の温度のみを変更したうえで、通常充電、制限充電、または昇温充電を二次電池２に対して実行し、各々の充電に要した充電時間を計測した。詳細には、２５℃の二次電池２に対しては、充電電流を制限する必要が無いので、通常充電を実行した。その結果、充電時間は１．００時間であった。また、０℃、－１０℃、－２５℃の二次電池２に対しては、制限充電および昇温充電の両方を実行した。その結果、図３に示すように、二次電池２の温度に関わらず、昇温充電の充電時間は、制限充電の充電時間よりも短くなった。以上の結果より、昇温充電を行うことで、制限充電を行う場合に比べて充電時間が短縮され、二次電池２の劣化の進行が抑制され得ることが分かる。また、二次電池２の温度が低い程、昇温充電によって充電時間が短縮される程度が大きくなることが分かる。 Referring to FIG. 3, the results of a comparative test to demonstrate the effects of temperature-raising charging will be described. In this test, the conditions (SOC, etc.) other than the temperature of the secondary battery 2 were kept the same, only the temperature at the start of charging was changed, and the secondary battery 2 was subjected to normal charging, limited charging, or temperature rising charging. The charging time required for each charge was measured. Specifically, since there is no need to limit the charging current for the secondary battery 2 at 25° C., normal charging was performed. As a result, the charging time was 1.00 hours. Furthermore, both limited charging and temperature increasing charging were performed on the secondary battery 2 at temperatures of 0° C., −10° C., and −25° C. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, regardless of the temperature of the secondary battery 2, the charging time for temperature-rising charging was shorter than the charging time for limited charging. From the above results, it can be seen that by performing temperature rising charging, the charging time is shortened compared to the case where limited charging is performed, and the progress of deterioration of the secondary battery 2 can be suppressed. Furthermore, it can be seen that the lower the temperature of the secondary battery 2 is, the greater the degree to which the charging time is shortened by temperature raising charging.

以上、具体的な実施形態を挙げて詳細な説明を行ったが、これらは例示にすぎず、請求の範囲を限定するものではない。請求の範囲に記載の技術には、以上に記載した実施形態を様々に変形、変更したものが含まれる。 Although detailed explanations have been given above with reference to specific embodiments, these are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the claims. The technology described in the claims includes various modifications and changes of the embodiments described above.

１ 充電制御装置
２ 二次電池
５ 電圧計
７ 温度センサ

 1 Charging control device 2 Secondary battery 5 Voltmeter 7 Temperature sensor

Claims (3)

車両に搭載された二次電池に対する、車両の外部の電源による充電を制御する充電制御装置であって、
前記充電制御装置の制御部は、
前記二次電池に対する充電を開始する充電開始予定時刻を取得する時刻取得ステップと、
前記充電開始予定時刻における前記二次電池の推定温度を取得する推定温度取得ステップと、
前記推定温度が、前記二次電池に対する充電電流が制限される温度である場合に、前記二次電池の放電または充放電を実行して前記二次電池を昇温させた後に充電を行う昇温充電に要する予測時間を取得する昇温充電時間取得ステップと、
前記推定温度が、前記二次電池に対する充電電流が制限される温度である場合に、制限された充電電流による前記二次電池の充電である制限充電に要する予測時間を取得する制限充電時間取得ステップと、
充電完了予定時刻までの時間が、前記昇温充電に要する予測時間となった際に、前記二次電池の放電または充放電を実行して前記二次電池を昇温させた後、前記二次電池に対する充電を実行する昇温充電制御ステップと、
を実行するように構成され、
前記昇温充電に要する予測時間が、前記制限充電に要する予測時間よりも短い場合に、前記昇温充電制御ステップを実行することを特徴とする、充電制御装置。 A charging control device that controls charging of a secondary battery installed in a vehicle using a power source external to the vehicle,
The control unit of the charging control device includes:
a time acquisition step of acquiring a scheduled charging start time to start charging the secondary battery;
an estimated temperature obtaining step of obtaining an estimated temperature of the secondary battery at the scheduled charging start time;
When the estimated temperature is a temperature at which a charging current for the secondary battery is limited, temperature raising is performed by performing discharging or charging/discharging of the secondary battery to raise the temperature of the secondary battery, and then charging the secondary battery. a heating charging time acquisition step of acquiring a predicted time required for charging;
When the estimated temperature is a temperature at which a charging current for the secondary battery is limited, a limited charging time obtaining step of obtaining a predicted time required for limited charging, which is charging of the secondary battery using a limited charging current. and,
When the time until the scheduled charging completion time reaches the predicted time required for the heating charging, after discharging or charging/discharging the secondary battery to raise the temperature of the secondary battery, a heating charge control step for charging the battery;
is configured to run
A charge control device characterized in that the temperature increase charging control step is executed when the predicted time required for the temperature increase charge is shorter than the predicted time required for the limited charge. 車両に搭載された二次電池に対する、車両の外部の電源による充電を制御する充電制御装置であって、
前記充電制御装置の制御部は、
前記二次電池に対する充電を開始する充電開始予定時刻を取得する時刻取得ステップと、
前記充電開始予定時刻における前記二次電池の推定温度を取得する推定温度取得ステップと、
前記推定温度が、前記二次電池に対する充電電流が制限される温度である場合に、前記二次電池の放電または充放電を実行して前記二次電池を昇温させた後に充電を行う昇温充電に要する予測時間を取得する昇温充電時間取得ステップと、
充電完了予定時刻までの時間が、前記昇温充電に要する予測時間となった際に、前記二次電池の放電または充放電を実行して前記二次電池を昇温させた後、前記二次電池に対する充電を実行する昇温充電制御ステップと、
を実行するように構成され、
前記昇温充電制御ステップにおいて、
前記二次電池の充電量が、放電のみで前記昇温充電を実行可能な充電量である場合には、放電のみによって前記二次電池を昇温させ、
前記二次電池の充電量が、放電のみで前記昇温充電を実行可能な充電量でない場合には、充放電によって前記二次電池を昇温させることを特徴とする、充電制御装置。 A charging control device that controls charging of a secondary battery installed in a vehicle using a power source external to the vehicle,
The control unit of the charging control device includes:
a time acquisition step of acquiring a scheduled charging start time to start charging the secondary battery;
an estimated temperature obtaining step of obtaining an estimated temperature of the secondary battery at the scheduled charging start time;
When the estimated temperature is a temperature at which a charging current for the secondary battery is limited, temperature raising is performed by performing discharging or charging/discharging of the secondary battery to raise the temperature of the secondary battery, and then charging the secondary battery. a heating charging time acquisition step of acquiring a predicted time required for charging;
When the time until the scheduled charging completion time reaches the predicted time required for the heating charging, after discharging or charging/discharging the secondary battery to raise the temperature of the secondary battery, a heating charge control step for charging the battery;
is configured to run
In the heating charge control step,
When the amount of charge of the secondary battery is such that the temperature raising charging can be performed only by discharging, raising the temperature of the secondary battery only by discharging ,
A charging control device characterized in that, when the amount of charge of the secondary battery is not such that the temperature raising charging can be performed only by discharging, the temperature of the secondary battery is raised by charging and discharging . 前記制御部は、前記昇温充電制御ステップにおいて、温度センサによって検出される前記二次電池の温度に基づいて、昇温のための放電または充放電を制御することを特徴とする、請求項１または２に記載の充電制御装置。 1 . The control unit, in the heating charge control step, controls discharging or charging/discharging for raising the temperature based on the temperature of the secondary battery detected by a temperature sensor. Or the charging control device according to 2.
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JP2000023307A (en) 1998-07-03 2000-01-21 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Battery control device of hybrid vehicle
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