JP7425882B2 - Lubricant compositions and their use - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to lubricant compositions and lubricant compositions as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils for general industrial use and in the marine sector and in the terrestrial water sector and with the possibility of contact with water and/or aqueous media. Concerning their use as gear oils and plain bearing oils in certain land-based machines and machine elements.

When using lubricants or lubricant compositions as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils for general industry, the challenge is to have very good tribological properties in the meshing parts and very good properties of said lubricants for sealing materials. The objective is to ensure proper compatibility. In gears, plain bearings and rolling bearings, radial shaft sealing rings are commonly used, and these are usually made of elastomers, such as FKM (fluororubber), NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber), ACM/ Manufactured from AEM (acrylate elastomer/ethylene acrylic acid elastomer) and polyurethane. The importance of the seal compatibility of the lubricant is demonstrated by the frequent occurrence of gear failure, sliding bearing failure, and rolling bearing failure. The rate of gear failure, sliding bearing failure and rolling bearing failure due to lubricant and seal incompatibility is significantly higher than the rate of gear failure, sliding bearing failure and rolling bearing failure due to scuffing, for example. Therefore, the selection of the base oil component(s) as well as the carefully adjusted additive selection for the lubricant prevents damage to the sealing material and nevertheless achieves very good tribological properties. It is essential to A further problem is that many lubricants used in general industry are not suitable for sometimes unintentional food contact, for example in food industry applications, i.e. these lubricants have a Code of Does not have H1 certification pursuant to Federal Regulations §21 CFR 178.3570.

There is therefore a need for new lubricants or lubricant compositions for use as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils or plain bearing oils, which have high compatibility with sealing materials, especially elastomeric materials. and at the same time have good tribological properties, resulting in an improved sliding behavior, a reduction in the sticking-slip effect ("stick-slip effect"), and a gray staining load capacity, especially in frictional contacts at high loads and low rotational speeds. produce a beneficial influence on

Moreover, if these lubricant compositions are also minimally toxic and sometimes acceptable according to NSF/H1 certification for unintentional food contact, they are suitable for use in the food processing industry and therefore desirable in practice. Will.

Uses of lubricants or lubricant compositions in the marine sector and in the terrestrial water sector, i.e. where said lubricants or lubricant compositions are normally used below the water line at the oil-to-water intersection line. Additionally, there is a risk that the marine or aquatic environment will be contaminated by lubricant spills, for example caused by leaks. Despite attempts to seal the water side as well as possible in these applications, lubricant losses are common. Therefore, the demand for ecologically benign lubricants to reduce chemical loading of sea and land waters is growing tremendously. However, the demand for ecologically safe lubricants is also increasing on land. This is because soil loading with chemicals will also play an increasingly important role. Components used on land can come into contact with water, for example from rain. Moreover, here too leakage is not uncommon and can lead to contamination of the environment and soil. A high demand for ecologically safe lubricants on land exists, in particular in the mining industry, in wind power installations as well as in agricultural machinery.

In recent years, environmental protection, especially the protection of the ocean, has become increasingly important. For lubricants used below the water line at the oil-to-water intersection, for example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Vessel General Permit (VGP) must meet high requirements for biodegradability and aquatic toxicity. Requires the use of so-called environmentally friendly lubricants (EAL). Conventional EALs are therefore manufactured with natural and synthetic ester bases instead of the traditional mineral oil base. However, due to their relatively lower stability when using EALs compared to lubricants based on mineral oils, this often results in damage to the sealing material and an immeasurable performance drop in terms of sliding behavior or lubrication behavior. .

Therefore, it has a high degree of compatibility with sealing materials, especially elastomeric materials, and has a biocompatible, i.e. good There also exists a need for lubricants that are biodegradable and have minimal aquatic toxicity. This also includes use in land-based machines and machine elements that can come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.

Moreover, problems in stern tube lubrication often arise when using EALs compared to mineral oil-based lubricants. Many suggest that when using an EAL, its bearings become under-lubricated at low speeds and high loads. It is known that underlubrication conditions can also occur at other lubrication points. These include, for example, all plain bearings, gears, linear guides, pneumatic elements, fittings, rolling bearings, chains, cables, springs and screws. In this connection, for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine sector and in the land water sector and in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. There is also a need for new biocompatible lubricants that yield improved sliding behavior.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to exhibit improved compatibility with sealing materials, in particular elastomers, and to have excellent tribological properties, resulting in improved sliding behavior, reduced stick-slip effects ("stick-slip effects"). and a beneficial effect on gray staining load capacity, and which is suitable for use as a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil. Met.

A further object of the invention is that it is suitable for use as a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil and sliding bearing oil, including use in the food processing industry, and that it is also suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil, and that also has the above-mentioned properties with respect to sealing compatibility and sliding behavior. The object was to provide a minimally toxic, ie NSF/H1 certified, lubricant which exhibits advantageous properties.

Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to have an improved compatibility with sealing materials, in particular elastomers, and at the same time to produce an improved sliding or lubrication behavior and in the marine sector and in the terrestrial sector as well as in water and Biocompatible, i.e. good biodegradable and The objective was to provide a lubricant with minimal aquatic toxicity.

One or more of the above problems relates to a lubricant composition comprising as ingredients:
A) base oil,
B) at least one additive, and C) an organic compound containing polar and non-polar moieties as a slip improver, 0.001 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
, the organic compound has a dielectric constant ε _r in the range of 1.5 to 10, and the ratio ∫S ₁ /∫S ₂ of the organic compound is in the range of 1 to 25. Solved by lubricant compositions.

“∫S ₁ ” represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands within the wave number range of 3100 to 2750 cm ⁻¹ in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound.

“∫S ₂ ” represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands within the wave number range of 1800 to 1650 cm ⁻¹ in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound.

Surprisingly, in addition to the other ingredients/constituents contained in the lubricant composition, the lubricant composition contains polar as well as non-polar parts and has a dielectric constant ε _r (within the range of 1.5 to 10). and the presence of an organic compound satisfying the requirements of said ratio ∫S ₁ /∫S ₂ (within the range 1 to 25) is sufficient to reduce the friction between two friction partners, e.g. metal/metal or metal/elastomer (e.g. FKM or NBR). It has been found that this results in a significant improvement in the sliding behavior. As such, the organic compounds are referred to herein as "slip enhancers."

In the sense of the present invention, the terms lubricant composition, lubricant and formulation are used interchangeably.

In the sense of the present invention, the term "organic compound" includes single compounds (i.e. molecules) and mixtures of single compounds and polymers, including oligomers and homopolymers, copolymers and polymer blends, as well as mixtures thereof.

Oligomers in the sense of the present invention are composed of several, in particular 2 to 10, structurally identical or similar organic units (monomers), in particular with a weight-average molar mass of up to about 1000 ( M _w ) is understood to be a molecule or a chemical compound. In the sense of the present invention, polymers (homopolymers) are accordingly composed of a large number, in particular more than 10, of structurally identical or similar organic units (monomers), in particular about It is understood to be a molecule or a chemical compound having a mass average molar mass (M _w ) of 1000 or more. A copolymer is understood to be a polymer composed of two or more different monomer units.

Said organic compound C) according to the invention contains a polar moiety as well as a non-polar moiety, i.e. from one or more identical or different polar molecular moieties and one or more identical or different non-polar molecular moieties. configured, from which a certain relative polarity arises. A polar molecular moiety in the sense of the present invention may be any polar functional group known to the person skilled in the art. In particular, the polar molecular moieties include carbonyl groups, ester groups (R-CO-O-R), keto groups (R-CO-R), aldehyde groups (R-CHO), amide groups (R-CO-A , A=NH ₂ , NHR, or NR ₂ ), imide group (R-CO-NR-CO-R), carboxylic acid anhydride group (R-CO-O-CO-R), urea group (R ₂ N -CO-NR ₂ ), urethane group (R-NH-CO-O-R), carboxylate group (R-COO ^- ), and carboxy group (R-COOH), where where R is each independently any organic aliphatic or aromatic group. A non-polar molecular moiety in the sense of the present invention may be any non-polar group known to the person skilled in the art, and in particular a linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group or an aromatic group, such as a linear or branched is selected from one or more types of alkylbenzene groups.

According to the invention, said organic compound C) has a dielectric constant in the range from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably from 2 to 7 and most preferably from 2.3 to 5. has a rate ε _r .

The relative dielectric constant ε _r of a medium, also described as the dielectric constant number or dielectric number, is the dimensionless ratio of the dielectric constant ε of the medium to the dielectric constant ε ₀ of vacuum: ε _r =ε/ε ₀ . Dielectric constant, also described as dielectric conductivity, describes the material properties of electrically insulating polar or non-polar substances, so-called dielectrics, and describes the permeability of a material or substance to an electric field. The dielectric constant is a measure of the field weakening effect of the dielectric polarization of the material or substance.

According to the invention, the organic compound C) contained in the lubricant composition contains between 1 and 25, preferably between 1.3 and 22, particularly preferably between 1.7 and 17 and most preferably between 2 and 14. It is further characterized by having the ratio ∫S ₁ /∫S ₂ within the range.

Here, “∫S ₁ ” represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands within the wavenumber range 3100 to 2750 cm ⁻¹ in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and “∫S ₂ ” It represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands within the wavenumber range of 1800 to 1650 cm ⁻¹ in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the ATR infrared spectroscopy is an infrared spectroscopy measurement technique, suitable for solid and liquid samples, and over time has become the mainstream IR technique in many fields. is publicly known. Unlike the classical IR measurement method, in which the measurement of the transmittance of the sample is carried out, the ATR infrared spectroscopy is based on the principle of total internal reflection (ATR, Attenuated Total Reflection, NJ Harrick: Internal Reflection Spectroscopy. John Wiley & See Sons Inc., 1967, ISBN 0-470-35250-7). Spectra similar to those obtained by transmission spectroscopy are obtained. Indeed, the IR absorption band in the ATR spectrum becomes broader and stronger towards larger wavelengths (lower wavenumbers) than in the corresponding transmission spectrum; however, the IR absorption band in the case of the transmission spectrum and the ATR spectrum It is known that the positions of are the same. From spectral data banks and tables of vibrational data of important atomic groups (e.g. Helmut Guenzler, Hans-Ulrich Gremlich: IR-Spektroskopie: Eine Einfuehrung. 4th edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2003, p.165-240), approx. In the transmission spectrum or ATR spectrum in the wave number range of 1800 to 1650 cm ^-1 , there is a characteristic IR absorption band of the C-O stretching vibration (valence vibration) of the carbonyl group of the carbonyl compound, and about 3100 to 2750 cm ^- The transmission spectrum or the ATR spectrum in the wave number range _of ¹ shows, in particular, the C It is known to those skilled in the art that there is a characteristic IR absorption band of -H stretching vibrations (valence vibrations).

Therefore, the ratio ∫S ₁ /∫S ₂ is such that the absorption in the wavenumber range 3100-2750 cm ⁻¹ caused mainly by the non-polar molecular portion of the organic compound is reduced by the absorption mainly caused by the polar molecular portion of the organic compound. The ratio is made to the absorption within the wavenumber range 1800 to 1650 cm ⁻¹ . Therefore, the ratio ∫S ₁ /∫S ₂ can be interpreted as a measure of the polarity of the organic compound contained in the lubricant composition, including polar as well as non-polar parts.

The amount of organic compound C) in the lubricant composition is preferably at least 0.001% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, in order to achieve optimum elastomer compatibility and sliding action. , particularly preferably 0.05% by weight or more, for example 0.1% by weight or more, and 10% by weight or less, particularly preferably 5% by weight or less.

In embodiments of the invention which are particularly suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in general industry, including for example the field of the food processing industry for sometimes unintended food contact: The amount of said organic compound C) is between 0.001 and 2.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, and very particularly preferably in order to achieve optimum elastomer compatibility and sliding action. Particularly preferred is a content of 0.05 to 1% by mass.

Particularly suitable for use, for example, as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine sector and in the land water sector and in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. In an embodiment of the invention, the amount of said organic compound C) is between 0.1 and 10%, based on the total weight of said lubricant composition, to achieve optimum elastomer compatibility and sliding action. % by weight, very particularly preferably from 0.1 to 5 % by weight, and most preferably from 0.1 to 3 % by weight.

In addition to other constituents/ingredients of the lubricant composition, such as base oil(s) or additive(s), the lubricant composition contains polar as well as non-polar portions and has a dielectric constant ε The addition of an organic compound satisfying the above-defined requirements of _r (in the range 1.5 to 10) and the ratio ∫S ₁ /∫S ₂ (in the range 1 to 25) surprisingly results in the slip Improved behavior or lubrication behavior can be achieved, especially at low gear and bearing speeds and high loads. Furthermore, the organic compounds contribute to improving the compatibility of the lubricant compositions according to the invention with elastomeric materials, such as FKM and NBR.

In one embodiment of the invention, said organic compound C) additionally has NSF/H1 certification so that it can be used as gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the food processing industry, sometimes for unintentional food contact. Used in lubricants.

In a further embodiment of the invention, said organic compound C) is additionally biodegradable (e.g. according to OECD Test Guideline 301 A-F or OECD 306) and/or has low aquatic toxicity (e.g. according to OECD Test Guideline 201, 202, 203 or 236). Thereby, said organic compounds can be used as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine sector and in the terrestrial water sector and in land-based machines and machine elements that can come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. Suitable for use in lubricants used.

Preferred examples of organic compounds which can be advantageously used as slip improvers in lubricant compositions according to the invention are, but are not limited to, the following compounds:
maleate ester -olefin copolymers (commercially available as, for example, Ketjenlube® 135, Ketjenlube® 2700, Ketjenlube® 23000),
modified polyesters (commercially available as Perfad ^(TM) 3000, Perfad ^(TM) 3050),
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), linear polymers as well as star polymers (commercially available for example as Lubrizol 87725),
Oleic acid, especially mixtures of C16-C18 fatty acids and C18-unsaturated fatty acids (commercially available as Herwemag OA),
Glycerin monooleate (GMO), especially those with a minimum mono content of 40% and a maximum of 6% free glycerin (commercially available for example as Ilco Lube 2316),
polymethacrylate (PMA), linear polymers as well as comb polymers (commercially available for example as Viscoplex® 3-200),
a comb polymer of 1-decene and 9-dodecylic acid methyl ester (commercially available as Elevance Aria® WTP 40),
Pentaerythritol-tetraisostearate (commercially available as Priolube ^™ 3987-LQ).

The lubricant composition according to the invention contains as further component A) a base oil component.

The base oil is
Synthetic esters, especially neopentyl glycol esters, such as neopentyl glycol diisostearate, pentaerythritol esters, such as pentaerythritol tetraisostearate, trimethylolpropane esters, such as trimethylpropane trioleate or trimethylolpropane tricaprylate, optionally Preferably fully esterified or Partially esterified pentaerythritol complex esters and trimethylolpropane complex esters, such as pentaerythritol-isostearate-sebacate complex esters or trimethylolpropane-isostearate-stearate-sebacate complex esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and Dicarboxylic acid esters, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sebacate, diisotridecyl-adipate (DITA) or isopropyl oleate, triglyceride-fatty acid-(C8/C10)-esters, trimellitic acid esters and pyromellitic acid esters, and estolide. ,
Oils based on hydrocarbons, especially polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oils, mineral oils, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene/α-olefin oligomers, and farnesene,
Preferably water-soluble, water-miscible and/or oil-soluble ether compounds, in particular polyether polyols, perfluoropolyethers (PFPE), alkyldiphenyl ethers and polyphenyl ethers, and preferably water-soluble, water-miscible and/or or oil-soluble polyglycols, in particular polybutylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and copolymers thereof, silicone oils, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

The term "complex ester" is used in the sense of the invention, in particular, in which, during their preparation, for example dicarboxylic acids (i.e. dicarboxylic acids) are added to monocarboxylic acids (i.e. monocarboxylic acids) and polyols. It is understood that it is an ester used in

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, when the lubricant composition is used in particular as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil for general industrial use, the base oil comprises: Polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oils, mineral oils, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and preferably pentaerythritol complex esters as defined above and Trimethylolpropane complex esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, triglyceride-fatty acid-(C8/C10)-esters, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene/α-olefin oligomers, and water-soluble, water-miscible and/or oil-soluble and mixtures of two or more of these polyglycols.

In this case, the base oil is NSF/ Particular preference is given to having H1 certification.

According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, said base oils are polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oils, farnesene-based oils, estolides and oil-soluble polyglycols. , and mixtures of two or more of these. These base oils are advantageous with respect to their biodegradability (i.e. biodegradability according to e.g. OECD Test Guidelines 301 A-F or OECD 306) and accordingly improve the biodegradability of said lubricant compositions. Since this lubricant composition can contribute to , suitable for use as rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil.

The amount of the base oil or base oil mixture in the lubricant composition is typically determined based on the amount of further ingredients/constituents included in the composition, i.e. the lubricant composition comprises: Supplement with the base oil to 100% by mass. Preferably, the total amount of said base oil or base oil mixture is at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% or 60% by weight.

More preferably, the base oil or base oil mixture used according to the invention has a particle diameter of at least 5 mm ² /s, more preferably from 5 mm ² /s to 20 000 mm ² /s, especially Preferably it has a viscosity of from 5 mm ² /s to 10 000 mm ² /s and very particularly preferably from 5 mm ² /s to 1700 mm ² /s.

Furthermore, the lubricant compositions according to the invention contain as further component B) at least one additive as an additive substance that improves the desired properties of the lubricant. Commonly used additives or additive substances known in the state of the art are antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, ionic complexing agents, These include, but are not limited to, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point improvers and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and antifoaming agents.

Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition comprises antioxidants, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, ionic complexing agents. , solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point improvers and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and antifoaming agents. Particularly preferably, the lubricant composition comprises antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, ionic complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersion It contains an additive mixture of two or more additives selected from additives, pour point improvers and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and antifoaming agents.

By the intended addition of one or more additives, it may be achieved to improve certain properties of the lubricant and/or to impart certain properties from the lubricant.

By adding antioxidants, the oxidative stability of the lubricant composition can be further improved and thus an increased (thermal) stability can be achieved.

The antioxidant is preferably selected from, but not limited to, the following compounds:
Amine compounds (amine antioxidants), in particular linear or branched aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, wherein said aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds are linear and/or or may be substituted with one or more groups selected from branched alkyl groups and aryl groups,
Phenolic compounds (phenolic antioxidants),
propionate,
phosphite,
Sulfur-containing compounds, especially sulfur-containing phenolic compounds and sulfur-containing carboxylic acids, phosphothionates, thiocarbamates, thiophosphates, and thiopropionates, and mixtures of these compounds.

Particularly preferred antioxidants are aromatic diamines and secondary aromatic amines, phenolic resins, thiophenolic resins, phosphites, zinc thiocarbamates, zinc thiophosphates, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, phenyl-α- Naphthylamines, phenyl-β-naphthylamines, diphenylamine and diphenylamine derivatives, especially octylated diphenylamine, butylated diphenylamine and styrenated diphenylamine, quinoline and quinoline derivatives, naphthylamine and naphthylamine derivatives, di-α-tocopherol, di-tert-butyl - phenylpropanoic acid and its esters, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of particularly suitable antioxidants according to the invention are the reaction products with benzeneamine-,N-phenyl,2,4,4-trimethylpentene, octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert- Butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, bis(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)amine, N-[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]naphthalene- 1-amine, 90% to 97.5% C7-C9 alkyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and 2.5% to 10% methyl-3-( 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, and thiodiethylene bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]. However, it is not limited to these.

Suitable antioxidants are commercially available.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, the antioxidant is , phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds and their salts, where said aliphatic and aromatic compounds are linear and/or propionates and thiopropionates optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from branched alkyl and aryl groups, wherein the aminic antioxidant is Very particular preference is given to the use of the lubricant compositions as gear oils, sliding bearing oils and rolling bearing oils in the field of the food processing industry for sometimes unintentional food contact.

According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the antioxidant is used in particular in the marine sector and in the terrestrial water sector, as well as in terrestrial machinery and machines that can come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. When using the lubricant compositions as gear oils, plain bearing oils and rolling bearing oils in elements, phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and Aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, wherein said aliphatic and aromatic compounds may be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and/or branched alkyl groups and aryl groups , phosphites, phosphothionates and thiocarbamates, with aminic antioxidants being very particularly preferred.

According to the invention, a single compound or a combination of two or more compounds can be used as antioxidants.

Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the invention may contain one or more corrosion inhibitors. The addition of corrosion inhibitors can impart anti-corrosion and anti-rust properties to the lubricant composition.

Suitable corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to:
Acid salts, especially metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates, metal naphthenates, metal succinates, metal salicylates. and phosphate metal salts, and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of said acids/acid salts, and in addition to linear and/or branched alkyl groups and may be substituted with one or more groups selected from aryl groups, with sodium (Na) salts, calcium (Ca) salts, potassium (K) salts and magnesium (Mg) salts being particularly preferred.
Amine compounds, imine compounds and imide compounds and their metal salts, especially linear and branched aliphatic amine compounds, imine compounds and imide compounds and aromatic amine compounds, imine compounds and imide compounds and their metal salts , wherein the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds, imine compounds and imide compounds may be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and/or branched alkyl groups and aryl groups. , where Na salts, Ca salts, K salts and Mg salts are particularly preferred and are preferably selected from the group of partially neutralized or unneutralized dicarboxylic acid derivatives, such as succinic acid half esters.

Suitable corrosion inhibitors are commercially available.

N-methylglycine or its derivatives ( Particularly preferred is the use of sarcosine (eg sarcosine).

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, the lubricant compositions described above are used as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils, in particular in the field of the food processing industry for general industrial use and sometimes for unintentional food contact. When used in lubricant compositions, the corrosion inhibitor may be
Metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzoates and metal naphthoates and metal naphthenates, and derivatives thereof, which are linear forms of the aforementioned acid salts. and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives, which may be additionally substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and/or branched alkyl groups and aryl groups, where: Na, Ca, K and Mg salts are particularly preferred and selected from the group of partially neutralized or unneutralized dicarboxylic acid derivatives, such as succinic acid half esters.

According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the corrosion inhibitor is used in particular in the marine sector and in the terrestrial sector, as well as in terrestrial machinery and machines that can come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. For use of the lubricant compositions as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in elements, from neutralized or neutral acid salts, preferably neutral metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates. salts, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates, metal naphthenates and metal phosphates and their derivatives, which are linear and branched forms of the aforementioned acid salts. including aliphatic and aromatic derivatives, which may be additionally substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and/or branched alkyl groups and aryl groups, and preferably their Na salts; selected from Ca salts, K salts and Mg salts, with very particular preference being given to neutralized or neutral sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts and benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, and in particular their Most preferred are Ca salts and neutral calcium sulfonates. One example of a particularly suitable corrosion inhibitor for this embodiment is a neutral alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acid calcium salt.

The corrosion inhibitors can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

"Neutral" or "neutralized" acid salts or metal salts are understood in the sense of the present invention as acid salts or metal salts with an acid number (TAN) of 30 mg KOH/g or less.

Furthermore, the lubricant compositions according to the invention may contain one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators and/or ion complexing agents.

Non-ferrous metals, such as cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), by the addition of non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators and/or ionic complexing agents. , and zinc (Zn), which are included in the so-called non-ferrous heavy metals, as well as their alloys, can be protected from corrosion by active sulfur.

Suitable non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators and ionic complexing agents are used as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in general industry and in the marine sector and in the land water sector and in contact with water and/or aqueous media. For use of the lubricant compositions in land-based machinery and machine elements which may be used, the lubricant compositions are preferably selected from triazole compounds, in particular tolyltriazoles, benzotriazoles and derivatives thereof, imidazoline compounds, diazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles. ing. Particularly preferred non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles and their derivatives, wherein triazole compounds and their derivatives, especially benzotriazoles and their derivatives are very particularly preferred. preferable. According to the present invention, the non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators or ion complexing agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.

Examples of particularly preferred non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are benzotriazole and tolyltriazole and derivatives thereof and N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1- Methanamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-6-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-2-methanamine , N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-2-methanamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine and and the reaction mass from N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, but are not limited to these.

Suitable non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are commercially available.

Additionally, the lubricant compositions according to the invention may contain one or more antiwear agents, friction reducers and/or extreme pressure additives. Suitable anti-wear agents, friction reducers and extreme pressure additives are amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, aryl thiophosphates. , alkylated polysulfide, sulfurized amine compound, sulfurized fatty acid methyl ester, naphthenic acid, Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , WO ₃ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , CeO ₂ , aluminum titanate, Nanoparticles selected from BN, MoSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , TiC, TiN, ZrB ₂ , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and thermostable carbonates and sulfates, and two or more thereof It is preferably selected from, but not limited to, a mixture of. Suitable commercially available additives are, for example, the products listed below: IRGALUBE® TPPT, IRGALUBE® 232, IRGALUBE® 349, IRGALUBE® 353, IRGALUBE® 211 and ADDITIN® RC3760 Liq 3960, FIRC-SHUN® FG 1505 and FG 1506, NA-LUBE® KR-015FG, LUBEBOND®, FLUORO® ) FG, SYNALOX® 40-D, ACHESON® FGA 1820 and ACHESON® FGA 1810.

Additionally, the lubricant composition according to the invention may contain one or more viscosity improvers. Suitable viscosity improvers are preferably selected from linear and branched alkylated, acrylated and aliphatic polymers and copolymers and polymerized fatty acid esters, and mixtures of two or more thereof. , but not limited to these. Examples of suitable viscosity improvers are polymethacrylates, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyisobutylene, polyalkylstyrenes, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymers. Suitable viscosity improvers are available commercially.

Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the invention may contain one or more UV stabilizers. Suitable UV stabilizers are preferably selected from, but are not limited to, nitrogen heterocycles and substituted nitrogen heterocycles, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Suitable UV stabilizers are available commercially.

Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the invention may contain one or more solid lubricants. Suitable solid lubricants are PTFE, boron nitride, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, pyrophosphate, thiosulfate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium stearate, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, tin sulfide, graphite, graphene. , nanotubes, SiO ₂ modifications, and mixtures of two or more of these, but are not limited thereto. Suitable solid lubricants are available commercially.

Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the invention may contain one or more emulsifiers. Suitable emulsifiers are branched and/or linear ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols and their salts, in particular alcohols with a chain length of 14 to 18 carbon atoms, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated preferably selected from, but not limited to, alkyl ethers, fatty acid esters, and ionic surfactants, such as sodium salts of alkyl sulfonic acids, and mixtures of two or more thereof. . Suitable emulsifiers are available commercially.

Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the invention may contain one or more antifoaming agents to prevent the formation of stable foam. Suitable antifoam agents are ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols with a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, mono- and diglycerides of edible fats, acrylates, propoxylated and/or ethoxylated It is preferably selected from, but is not limited to, alkyl ethers, polyols including diols, and polysiloxanes such as silicone oils or polydimethylsiloxanes, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Particularly preferred defoamers according to the invention are gear oils, rolling bearing oils and In the use of said lubricant compositions as plain bearing oils, and as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the field of the food processing industry for general industrial and sometimes unintentional food contact. For use in the agent composition, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes with a chain length of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms are used, in which the polysiloxanes are very particularly preferred. preferable. Suitable antifoam agents are available commercially.

Additionally, lubricant compositions according to the invention may contain one or more color-changing indicators. Suitable color indicators include, but are not limited to, 2,5-thiophenediylbis(5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole). Suitable color indicators are available commercially.

All additives may each be present in the lubricating grease composition according to the invention as a single compound or in combination of two or more.

The total amount of all additives or additive substances in the lubricant composition is preferably at least 0.01% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.025% by weight, for example 0.01% by weight or more, particularly preferably at least 0.025% by weight, based on the entire lubricant composition. 5% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, particularly preferably 7.5% by weight or less, for example 6% by weight or less, or 5% by weight or less.

For example, embodiments of the invention are suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils for general industrial use, including in particular the field of the food processing industry for sometimes unintended food contact. It is particularly preferred if the total amount of all additives is from 0.01 to 7.5% by weight, very particularly preferably from 0.01 to 6.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. .

Suitable, for example, for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils, in particular in the marine sector and in the land water sector, and in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. In an embodiment of the invention, the total amount of all additives is from 0.5 to 7.0% by weight, very particularly preferably from 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. Particularly preferred is 0% by mass.

These additives are used to improve and/or impart specific properties to the lubricant, so that these additives meet the needs or requirements of the lubricant. Depending on the lubricant, it can be added as a single substance or as a mixture of two or more additives, where the amount of said individual additive in the additive mixture depends on said lubricant composition. There is no limit as long as the total amount of all additives does not exceed the total amount defined above, based on the entire product.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition comprises:
A) base oil,
B) the at least one additive, 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and C) the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight
, wherein the components included add up to 100% by weight, and the components A), B) and C) are defined as above.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, which is suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and sliding bearing oil for general industrial use, including in particular the field of food processing industry, the lubricant composition comprises one type of lubricant composition. one or more anti-wear additives and/or extreme pressure additives; one or more antifoaming agents; optionally one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators; optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors. It contains an additive mixture of two or more additives, including an inhibitor and optionally a color indicator.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for use as a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil or plain bearing oil, said lubricant composition comprises:
A) base oil,
B) an additive mixture, from 0.01 to 7.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, where the additive mixture comprises one or more antioxidants, one or more anti-wear including an inhibitory additive and/or extreme pressure additive, one or more antifoaming agents, optionally one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors, and optionally a color changing indicator. , and C) the organic compound, 0.001 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition.
, wherein the components included add up to 100% by weight, and the components A), B) and C) are defined as above.

According to a very particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for use as a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil or plain bearing oil, said lubricant composition comprises:
A) base oil,
B) an additive mixture, from 0.01 to 6.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, where the additive mixture comprises:
one or more antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates and thiopropionates;
one or more antifoam agents selected from ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes with a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms;
Amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, _{Al2O 3} , _SiO2 , _TiO2 , _ZrO2 , _WO3 , _Ta2O5 , _V2O5 , _CeO2 , aluminum titanate _, BN _{, MoSi2} , _SiC , _Si3N4 , TiC, TiN, _ZrB2 , clay one or more antiwear additives and/or extreme pressure additives selected from nanoparticles selected from minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and thermostable carbonates and sulfates;
Optionally, one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;
Optionally, metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates and metal naphthenates and derivatives thereof, which are of the aforementioned acid salts. including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives, which may be additionally substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and/or branched alkyl groups and aryl groups, and one or more corrosion inhibitors selected in particular from the group of their Na, Ca, K and Mg salts, and optionally 2,5-thiophenediylbis(5-tert-butyl- 1,3-benzoxazole), and C) the organic compound, 0.001 to 2.5% by mass based on the total mass of the lubricant composition.
, wherein the components included add up to 100% by weight and the components A) and C) are defined as above.

The base oils, according to this embodiment, are polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oils, mineral oils, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and preferably the Pentaerythritol complex ester and trimethylolpropane complex ester defined as, aliphatic carboxylic acid ester and dicarboxylic acid ester, triglyceride-fatty acid-(C8/C10)-ester, alkylnaphthalene, ethylene/α-olefin oligomer and It is preferably selected from water-soluble, water-miscible and/or oil-soluble, and mixtures of two or more of these.

The lubricant of this embodiment has high compatibility with elastomers commonly used as sealants, such as FKM, NBR, HNBR, ACM/AEM and polyurethanes. At the same time, the lubricants of this embodiment exhibit good tribological properties, so that these lubricants improve the sliding behavior, especially in frictional contacts at high loads and low bearing speeds and high loads, resulting in adhesive sliding effects ( These lubricants have a beneficial effect on the "stick-slip effect" ("stick-slip effect") and on the gray staining load capacity, so that these lubricants are used in particular as industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils. suitable for use.

Suitable for use in particular in the marine sector and in the land water sector and as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition additionally contains an ester compound as component D), wherein mixtures of two or more different ester compounds are also used according to the invention. It is also included.

According to this embodiment, preferably said at least one ester compound D) is
From natural glyceride esters, which may be present in monomeric, oligomeric and/or polymeric form, respectively, in particular sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil, flax oil, corn oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, linseed oil , from the group of peanut oil, rescuela oil, palm oil, olive oil, as well as mixtures of the aforementioned oils,
and synthetic esters, especially polyol esters, polyol complex esters, complex esters from dimer acids, dimer acid esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, phosphoric acid esters and trimellitic acid esters and pyromellitic acid esters, and combinations thereof. From the group of
Polyol esters and polyol complex esters are particularly preferred here, and in particular obtainable by reaction of polyhydric alcohols (i.e. alcohols with more than one hydroxyl group) with monocarboxylic acids (i.e. monocarboxylic acids). and in particular polyol complex esters obtained by reaction of polyhydric alcohols with monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids (i.e. dicarboxylic acids) in any mixture, and combinations thereof. .

Achieving improved biodegradability and ecocompatibility of the lubricant composition according to the invention, since said ester compound D) is biodegradable according to standards OECD 301 A - F or OECD 306, According to this embodiment of the invention is preferred.

Furthermore, it is preferred that said at least one ester compound has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C of at least 130 mm ² /s. Particularly preferably, the kinematic viscosity of said at least one ester compound is in the range from 130 to 1500 mm ² /s at 40° C., more preferably from 130 to 1300 mm 2 /s at 40° C., each measured according to ASTM ^D 7042. It is within the range of s.

The ester compound is present in the lubricant composition in an amount of 0.1 to 85% by weight, more preferably 5 to 85% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. It is further preferred according to this embodiment of the invention that the amount of

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition of the invention comprises:
A) base oil,
B) at least one additive, 0.5 to 7% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition;
C) 0.1 to 10% by mass of the organic compound, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition; and D) 0.1 to 85% of the ester compound, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition. mass%
, wherein the above-mentioned included components together amount to 100% by weight, and the constituent components A), B), C) and D) are defined as above.

In addition to high compatibility with sealing materials, especially elastomers, lubricants of this composition exhibit good sliding behavior and at the same time good biodegradability, making them particularly useful in the marine sector and on land. Suitable for use in the water sector and as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.

The invention therefore provides, in a further aspect, gear oils, rolling bearing oils and A lubricant composition for use as a plain bearing oil, containing as ingredients:
A) base oil,
B) 0.5-7% by weight of at least one additive;
C) 0.1 to 10% by mass of an organic compound containing a polar moiety and a nonpolar moiety; and D) 0.1 to 85% by mass of an ester compound.
wherein the amounts indicated are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition and together add up to 100% by weight;
and said organic compound has a dielectric constant ε _r in the range from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably from 2 to 7 and most preferably from 2.3 to 5, and the ratio ∫S ₁ /∫S ₂ of the organic compound is in the range from 1 to 25, preferably from 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably from 1.7 to 17, and most preferably from 2 to 14; Here, “∫S ₁ ” represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands within the wavenumber range 3100 to 2750 cm ⁻¹ in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and “∫S ₂ ” It represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands within the wavenumber range of 1800 to 1650 cm ⁻¹ in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound.

The components A), B), C) and D) are preferably defined as above.

Particularly preferably, according to this embodiment, the ester compounds D) have a chain length of C4 to C36, preferably C10 to C36, particularly preferably C14 to C36, and very particularly preferably C18 to C36, saturated and/or or neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol esters, esterified with mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched monocarboxylic acids, and especially in any mixture. , saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched monocarbons of chain length C4 to C36, preferably C10 to C36, particularly preferably C14 to C36, and very particularly preferably C18 to C36. Fully or partially esterified with acids and with saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched dicarboxylic acids with chain lengths from C4 to C36, preferably from C4 to C18, particularly preferably from C4 to C12. (i.e., free, unesterified hydroxyl groups are still present), neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters, and pentaerythritol complex esters, and combinations thereof. .

These ester compounds are particularly preferred with regard to the biocompatibility or biodegradability of the lubricant composition.

Examples of particularly preferred ester compounds include pentaerythritol-tetraisostearate, pentaerythritol-isostearate-sebacate complex ester, trimethylolpropane-triisostearate, trimethylolpropane-trioleate, trimethylolpropane-tricaprylate, These include, but are not limited to, trimethylolpropane-isostearate-stearate-sebacate complex ester and neopentyl glycol-diisostearate.

Further, the base oil may be selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oils, farnesene-based oils, estrides, and mixtures of two or more of these. It is particularly preferred according to this embodiment that the oil-soluble polyglycols polyalphaolefins (PAO) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO) are very particularly preferred. These base oils have particularly advantageous properties with respect to their biodegradability (i.e. biodegradability according to e.g. OECD Test Guideline 301 A-F or OECD 306) and accordingly provide improved lubricant compositions. Can contribute to biological degradability.

Further improvements in the elastomeric compatibility of the lubricant composition can be achieved by careful additive selection that is optimally tailored to the tribosystem consisting of elastomeric material, lubricant, and metal. Accordingly, the lubricant composition may include one or more antioxidants, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators and corrosion inhibitors and optionally one or more antifoam and anti-wear additives and/or extreme pressure additives. According to this embodiment of the invention, it is preferred to include an additive mixture containing an agent.

Thus, said at least one additive B) comprises one or more antioxidants, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators and corrosion inhibitors and optionally one or more antifoam and anti-wear additives and/or Particularly preferred according to this embodiment of the invention are additive mixtures containing or extreme pressure additives. Particularly advantageously, the following has been found in this regard:
Phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, where said aliphatic and aromatic compounds are and/or an antioxidant selected from phosphites, phosphothionates and thiocarbamates, optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from branched alkyl groups and aryl groups, wherein aminic antioxidants Particularly preferred are
Non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof, wherein triazole compounds, especially benzotriazole compounds, and derivatives thereof are particularly preferred.
neutralized or neutral metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates, metal naphthenates and metal phosphates, and derivatives thereof, preferably Na, Ca, K and Mg salts, where neutralized or neutral metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates and metal benzenesulfonates are particularly preferred. Corrosion inhibitors selected in particular from Ca salts, where neutral calcium sulfonates, such as neutral alkylnaphthalene sulfonate calcium salts, are very particularly preferred.
Antifoam agents selected from ethoxylated and/or propoxylated polyols, including alcohols, diols, with a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, acrylates and polysiloxanes, where the polysiloxanes are especially preferable,
Amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, _{Al2O 3} , _SiO2 , _TiO2 , _ZrO2 , _WO3 , _Ta2O5 , _V2O5 , _CeO2 , aluminum titanate _, BN _{, MoSi2} , _SiC , _Si3N4 , TiC, TiN, _ZrB2 , clay Anti-wear and/or extreme pressure additives selected from nanoparticles selected from minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and heat-stable carbonates and sulfates.

Additive mixtures of this type are used in particular in gear oils, rolling bearing oils or plain bearing oils in the marine sector and in the onshore water sector and in land-based machines and machine elements that can come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. Suitable for use in lubricant compositions.

Further particularly preferred according to this embodiment of the invention are therefore additive mixtures comprising:
one or more antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphothionates and thiocarbamates;
one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;
neutralized/neutral metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates, metal naphthenates and metal phosphates, and one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from derivatives thereof, in particular Na salts, Ca salts, K salts and Mg salts,
one or more antifoaming agents selected from alcohols, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes with a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally ethoxylated and/or propoxylated, and optionally Amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, _{Al2O 3} , _SiO2 , _TiO2 , _ZrO2 , _WO3 , _Ta2O5 , _V2O5 , _CeO2 , aluminum titanate _, BN _{, MoSi2} , _SiC , _Si3N4 , TiC, TiN, _ZrB2 , clay One or more anti-wear additives and/or extreme pressure additives selected from nanoparticles selected from minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and thermostable carbonates and sulfates.

It is therefore particularly suitable for use as gear oil, rolling bearing oil or plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in the land water sector and in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition contains:
A) base oil,
B) an additive mixture, from 0.5 to 7% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, where the additive mixture comprises:
one or more antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphothionates and thiocarbamates;
one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;
neutralized/neutral metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates, metal naphthenates and metal phosphates, and one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from derivatives thereof;
one or more antifoaming agents selected from alcohols, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes with a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally ethoxylated and/or propoxylated, and optionally Amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, _{Al2O 3} , _SiO2 , _TiO2 , _ZrO2 , _WO3 , _Ta2O5 , _V2O5 , _CeO2 , aluminum titanate _, BN _{, MoSi2} , _SiC , _Si3N4 , TiC, TiN, _ZrB2 , clay one or more antiwear additives and/or extreme pressure additives selected from nanoparticles selected from minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and thermostable carbonates and sulfates;
C) 0.1 to 10% by mass, based on the total mass of the organic compound and the lubricant composition, and D) 5 to 85% by mass, based on the total mass of the ester compound and the lubricant composition.
Here, the ester compound is
In particular saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched monomers of chain length C4 to C36, preferably C10 to C36, particularly preferably C14 to C36, and very particularly preferably C18 to C36. Neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol esters esterified with carboxylic acids, and especially in any mixture, chain lengths from C4 to C36, preferably from C10 to 36, particularly preferably from C14 to C36, and very particularly preferably C18 to C36 saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched monocarboxylic acids with chain lengths C4 to C36, preferably C4 to C18, particularly preferably Neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters, and pentapentyl glycol complex esters, fully or partially esterified with C4 to C12 saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched dicarboxylic acids. selected from erythritol complex esters, as well as combinations thereof;
The base oil is selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oils, farnesene-based oils, estrides, and mixtures of two or more thereof. and
and the above-mentioned contained components together amount to 100% by mass, and the above-mentioned component C) is defined as above.

It is particularly preferred in this case that the additive mixture is essentially neutral or has a total acid number (TAN) as low as possible. This is because this has a particularly advantageous effect on the elastomer compatibility of the lubricant composition.

Very particularly preferred, according to this embodiment of the invention, said lubricant composition contains:
A) base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAO) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), and mixtures of two or more thereof;
B) one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutralized/neutral metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates and/or metal benzenesulfonates, one or more triazole compounds, 0.5 to 5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising, in particular, benzotriazole compounds and/or derivatives thereof and one or more polysiloxanes,
C) 0.1 to 5% by mass of the organic compound, and D) 10 to 85% by mass of pentaerythritol ester,
wherein the amounts indicated are in each case based on the total weight of said lubricant composition, and said included components add up to 100% by weight, and said organic compound C) is It is defined as:

Lubricants of this composition exhibit high compatibility with sealing materials, especially elastomers, as well as good sliding or lubricating properties. Moreover, lubricants of this composition have good biocompatibility, i.e. good biodegradability according to standards OECD 301 A - F or OECD 306 and low aquatic toxicity (e.g. according to standards OECD 201, 202, 203 or 236). and thus in particular as gear oil, rolling bearing oil or plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in the land water sector and in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. suitable for

Therefore, the subject of the invention is also gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearings in the marine field and in the land water field and in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. A lubricant composition for use as an oil, containing as ingredients:
A) base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAO) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), and mixtures of two or more thereof;
B) one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutralized/neutral metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates and/or metal benzenesulfonates, one or more triazole compounds, and 0.5-5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising/or a triazole derivative and one or more polysiloxanes;
C) 0.1-5% by weight of organic compounds containing polar and non-polar moieties, and D) 10-85% by weight of pentaerythritol esters.
where the indicated amounts are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, and the components included together amount to 100% by weight;
and said organic compound has a dielectric constant ε _r in the range from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably from 2 to 7 and most preferably from 2.3 to 5; and the ratio ∫S ₁ /∫S ₂ of the organic compound is in the range from 1 to 25, preferably from 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably from 1.7 to 17, and most preferably from 2 to 14; Here, “∫S ₁ ” represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands within the wavenumber range 3100 to 2750 cm ⁻¹ in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and “∫S ₂ ” It represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands within the wavenumber range of 1800 to 1650 cm ⁻¹ in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound.

According to one embodiment, the lubricant composition according to the invention is suitable for general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils, including gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils for sometimes unintentional contact with food products. and is eminently suitable for use as a plain bearing oil.

Typical fields of use, including their use as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils, include gears, in particular spur gearing, bevel gearing, etc., which come into contact, sometimes unintentionally, with food. Planetary gearing, worm gearing, hypoid gearing and cycloid gearing, hydraulic equipment, linear guides, pneumatic elements, fittings, bearings, in particular plain and rolling bearings, chains, cables, springs, screws and compressors. , and especially, but not limited to, lubrication of mechanical parts and in plants.

A chain consists of members of the same type connected to each other. They are used for power transmission, for example as transmission chains in bicycles, as timing chains in automobile engines, as load chains in water gates or as transport chains in conveyor systems. Cables (ropes) are divided into cables in motion, as seen, for example, during crane hoisting, winding and hoisting, and fixed cables, such as guy ropes, as well as carrier cables and sling ropes. be able to. Screws are connecting elements that should be assembled and disassembled with as little effort as possible, in which case the materials used are not damaged. Springs include leaf spring seals, disc spring seals, ring spring seals, screw disc springs, and torsion springs. Equipment is utilized to control solid, liquid and gas flows. Additionally, these can also assume the function of regulating, ie mixing and controlling one or more volumetric flows. In addition to their typical use as faucets or mixer taps, valves of all kinds also fall under the category of equipment.

Pneumatic elements are pneumatic valves and cylinders that generate linear motion for moving, lifting, or returning workpieces and tools by converting pneumatic energy into mechanical energy.

In the case of hydraulic devices, forces and torques are transmitted by pressure and volume flow. Examples are axial piston engines, external gear machines and radial piston engines.

A further subject of the invention is therefore a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil, in particular for gears, such as spur gears, bevel gears, planetary gears, worm gears, hypoid gears. and cycloidal gearing, hydraulics, linear guides, pneumatic elements, fittings, bearings, such as plain and rolling bearings, chains, cables, springs, screws and compressors, and especially sometimes in unintentional contact with food. Use of a lubricant composition according to the invention for lubricating machine parts and in plants, wherein said lubricant composition preferably contains:
A) base oil,
B) the at least one additive, 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and C) the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. 0.001-10% by mass
Here, the above-mentioned contained components together amount to 100% by mass, and the constituent components A), B) and C) are defined as above.

Particularly preferably:
A) base oil,
B) an additive mixture, from 0.01 to 6.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, where the additive mixture comprises:
one or more antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates and thiopropionates;
one or more antifoam agents selected from ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes with a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms;
Amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, _{Al2O 3} , _SiO2 , _TiO2 , _ZrO2 , _WO3 , _Ta2O5 , _V2O5 , _CeO2 , aluminum titanate _, BN _{, MoSi2} , _SiC , _Si3N4 , TiC, TiN, _ZrB2 , clay one or more antiwear additives and/or extreme pressure additives selected from nanoparticles selected from minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and thermostable carbonates and sulfates;
Optionally, one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;
Optionally, metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates and metal naphthenates and derivatives thereof, which are of the aforementioned acid salts. including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives, which may be additionally substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and/or branched alkyl groups and aryl groups, and one or more corrosion inhibitors selected in particular from the group of their Na, Ca, K and Mg salts, and optionally 2,5-thiophenediylbis(5-tert-butyl- 1,3-benzoxazole), and C) the organic compound, 0.001 to 2.5% by mass based on the total mass of the lubricant composition.
wherein said base oil is polyalphaolefin (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefin (mPAO), white oil, mineral oil, neopentyl glycol ester, pentaerythritol ester, trimethylolpropane ester and preferably as defined above. Pentaerythritol complex ester and trimethylolpropane complex ester, aliphatic carboxylic acid ester and dicarboxylic acid ester, triglyceride-fatty acid-(C8/C10)-ester, alkylnaphthalene, ethylene/α-olefin oligomer and oil-soluble polyglycol , and a mixture of two or more of these,
Here, the above-mentioned contained components together amount to 100% by mass, and the organic compound C) is defined as above,
as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and sliding bearing oils in the field of food processing industry for general industrial and sometimes unintentional food contact.

According to a further embodiment, the lubricant composition according to the invention is also suitable for gear oils in the marine sector and in the terrestrial sector and in terrestrial machines and machine elements that can come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. , outstandingly suitable for use as rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil.

Fields of use in the marine sector and in the inland water sector include, in particular, machinery, machine parts and gears, fluids in plants that come into contact with salt water in the marine sector, for example in offshore plants, or with water and/or aqueous media in inland waters. It also includes, but is not limited to, the lubrication of pressure equipment, bearings such as plain bearings, rolling bearings or stern tube bearings, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, pneumatic elements, linear guides, chains and cables.

In the marine field, gears are used, for example, in thrusters and Azipods. This use is utilized for power transmission and power conversion between the drive and propeller. Here, the inflow of water into the interior as well as the outflow of lubricant into the sea environment must be taken into account.

A further use in the marine sector is jack-up systems for lifting platforms, installation vessels for wind turbines or drilling bases. This movement is performed by an open gear.

Hydraulic systems in the marine sector are utilized in the drive of adjustable propeller rudders, as well as in fin stabilizers and rudder bearings. In the latter, linear guides are also used which are often lubricated with the same lubricant. Again, the lubrication takes place below the water line. Correspondingly, the inflow of water into the machine parts as well as the outflow of the lubricant into the sea environment should be taken into account in this case as well.

Plain bearing applications in the marine field are primarily propeller shaft bearings in the stern tube, so-called stern tube bearings. The main task of the propeller shaft is to transmit its drive movement through its hull to the screw. In this case, the bearing takes into account movement with less friction.

Furthermore, machines and machine parts in contact with seawater, water and aqueous media are lubricated, in offshore wind power installations, oil and gas drilling platforms, in port facilities, shipyards, etc.

These also include chains, cables used for example in locks, cables used for example in ship lines or nets, and equipment for controlling solid, liquid and gas flows. Similarly, screws, springs, and valves in a wide variety of devices and machines must be lubricated.

A further object of the invention is therefore as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine sector and in the inland water sector, in particular in contact with salt water in the marine sector or with water and/or aqueous media in inland water. gears, hydraulics, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, linear guides, pneumatic elements, equipment, in machines, machine parts and plants that operate, as well as in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. Use of a lubricant composition according to the invention for lubricating articles, bearings, such as plain bearings, rolling bearings or stern tube bearings, chains, cables, springs and screws, wherein said lubricant composition is preferably contains:
A) base oil,
B) at least one additive, 0.5 to 7% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition;
C) 0.1 to 10% by mass of the organic compound, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition; and D) 0.1 to 85% by mass of the ester compound, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition. %,
Here, the above-mentioned contained components together amount to 100% by mass, and the constituent components A), B), C) and D) are defined as above.

Particularly preferably:
A) base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAO) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), and mixtures of two or more thereof;
B) one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutralized/neutral metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates and/or metal benzenesulfonates, one or more triazole compounds, and 0.5-5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising/or a triazole derivative and one or more polysiloxanes;
C) 0.1 to 5% by mass of the organic compound, and D) 10 to 85% by mass of pentaerythritol ester,
wherein the amounts indicated are in each case based on the total weight of said lubricant composition, and said included components add up to 100% by weight, and said organic compound C) is is defined as,
Lubricant compositions as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine sector and in the land water sector and in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media, containing It is the use of things.

The invention will be described in more detail by, but not limited to, the following examples. A person skilled in the art can prepare other compounds according to the invention without any inventive activity.

Figure 3 shows Stribeck curves for the base formulation without slip improver (Comparative Example 1) and for the lubricant according to the invention with slip improver (Example 8). Figure 2 shows the migration rates of all lubricants tested. FIG. 3 shows the friction of a lubricant composition according to the invention with a slip enhancer and a base formulation without a slip enhancer. FIG. 3 shows the friction of a lubricant composition according to the invention with a slip enhancer and a base formulation without a slip enhancer. FIG. 3 shows the friction of a lubricant composition according to the invention with a slip enhancer and a base formulation without a slip enhancer. FIG. 3 shows the friction of a lubricant composition according to the invention with a slip enhancer and a base formulation without a slip enhancer. FIG. 3 shows the wear of a lubricant composition according to the invention with a slip enhancer and a base formulation without a slip enhancer. FIG. 3 shows the wear of a lubricant composition according to the invention with a slip enhancer and a base formulation without a slip enhancer. A diagram showing resistance to micropitting. A diagram showing resistance to micropitting.

General Test Methods Used The properties of the lubricant composition as well as the constituents contained therein, if not known by the manufacturer, are determined using the following method:
- Measurement of viscosity: Viscosity measurements are carried out using a Stabinger viscometer SVM 3000 (Anton Paar) according to ASTM D 7042.
- Measurement of acid value (TAN, total acid value [mgKOH/g]):
For the determination of the acid number, the sample is dissolved in a solvent mixture and subsequently titrated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution according to ASTM D 664-18E02. The titration is carried out potentiometrically using the Solvotrode of the Metrohm 905 Titrando titration unit.
- Determination of molecular weight (M _n ):
The molecular weights were determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) against polystyrene standards using a SECcure GPC system according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03 “Gelpermeationschromatographie (GPC) - Teil 1: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) als Elutionsmittel”. will be carried out.
- Measurement of the integrals ∫S ₁ and ∫S ₂ :
The ATR infrared spectroscopy measurements for the slip improvers were carried out using Bruker Optik in accordance with the standard DIN 51451 (DIN 51451:2020-02) “Infrarotspektrometrische Analyse - Allgemeine Arbeitsgrundlagen”. It is carried out using an IR spectrometer Bruker Tensor 27 (software OPUS 7.5) or Bruker Vertex 70 (software OPUS 7.0) from GmbH.

The following range in the ATR spectrum is taken to obtain the integral ∫S ₁ or ∫S ₂ :
∫S ₁ : 3100~2750cm ^-1
_∫S2 : 1800~1650cm ^-1
To obtain that baseline, the following is done for both integrals:
The integration range is divided into two. Within these two sub-ranges, the respective absolute minimum value is measured. If more than one absolute minimum point is obtained within a subregion, the point that is the widest and lies in the edge region of the entire integral is taken. The baseline is calculated by a straight line equation from both absolute minimum points in the entire integral. The spectrum that can be integrated cleans around the baseline. Subsequently, the cleaned spectrum around the baseline is integrated.
- Measurement of relative permittivity ε _r :
The relative permittivity ε _r is measured using a laboratory measuring device from the system EPSILON+ from the manufacturer flucon fluid control GmbH in accordance with the standard DIN EN 60247 (DIN EN 60247:2005-01) δ) und des spezifischen Gleichstrom-Widerstandes", the complex fluid impedance is measured. For each slip improver that can be tested, measurements are taken at room temperature (approximately 20°C) after filling the sample with continuous data collection, and from approximately 18.5 to 21.5°C (first step). Return again (second step). Subsequently, the data obtained from both steps at the required 20.0° C. are compared and averaged.

Summary of slip improvers used in Examples (see Tables 1-a and 1-b):

Production of lubricant composition:
The production of the lubricant composition is carried out by mixing the base oil and additives in a suitable container, for example a mixing kettle, using a suitable stirrer, according to procedures known to those skilled in the art. Solid additives or components go into solution and mix with the increase in temperature. The production can also be carried out by a continuous process.

The following lubricant compositions according to the invention are prepared as described above (see Table 2 - Examples 1 to 15b). As a control, lubricant compositions are prepared as described above (see Table 2 - Comparative Examples 1 to 5) without slip improvers (base formulations).

Table 2:

Example 16: Effect of slip enhancers on the sliding properties of lubricants In order to test the effect of said slip enhancers on the sliding properties of lubricants, the migration rate at a white metal/steel interface at low contact pressure was (transition speed) changes are measured. The transition speed is defined as the speed at which the contact surfaces are completely separated, i.e. from mixed friction (i.e. occasional contact of the metal friction partner/lubricating film not fully formed) to the elastohydrodynamic (EHL) regime (i.e. It is defined as the speed at which the transition to a fully formed lubricating film and complete separation of the metal friction partner by the lubricating film takes place.

The test is carried out using a tribometer (KUGEL-SCHEIBE-TRIBOMETER from AC ² Tresearch/Austrian Competence Center for Tribology) with a cylinder-on-ring test combination. A 10 x 10 mm (diameter x length) 100Cr6 steel cylinder with a roughness Ra of about 0.02 μm is rubbed against a white metal ring with a roughness Ra of about 1.3 μm under a defined load. . The white metal ring is then present in the oil reservoir.

Due to continuous fluctuations in the speed of the white metal ring from low speed to high speed (0.05 m/s to 2.5 m/s) and vice versa from high speed to low speed (2.5 m/s to 0.05 m/s) Measurement of the friction coefficient yields a Stribeck curve (friction-velocity curve).

Before the start of the test, a run-in step was performed. This included a velocity ramp from 0.05 m/s to 2.5 m/s and subsequently from 2.5 m/s to 0.05 m/s at 10 N and 20 N at room temperature and 10 N at 40°C.

The Stribeck curve is subsequently constructed at 40° C. and 20 N with a velocity gradient of 0.05 m/s to 2.5 m/s.

FIG. 1 shows the measurements of the Stribeck curves for the base formulation without slip improver (Comparative Example 1) and for the lubricant according to the invention with slip improver (Example 8). It is observed that in the presence of the slip improver the migration velocity is clearly shifted in the direction of lower velocity (from A to B).

Figure 2 shows the migration rates for all lubricants tested. As is evident from FIG. 2, all tested lubricants with slip enhancers (Examples 2, 5, 8, 9, 11) have a high slip resistance in the base formulation (Comparative Example 1) as well as in non-inventive slip improvers. It has a distinctly lower migration rate than the lubricant composition containing the improver (Comparative Example 5), which shows that the lubricant according to the invention containing the slip improver according to the invention has a lubricant film that is lower than that of the comparative example. This suggests that they form much earlier than. The improved lubricating properties of the lubricants according to the invention with slip enhancers indicate that these lubricants result in improved load capacities, for example in plain bearings and similar parts.

Example 17 - Determination of sliding behavior by elastomer dynamic measurements:
The test was carried out in accordance with the test specifications of Huettinger, Hermes, Woeppermann (Huettinger, Hermes, Woeppermann, Prem (2015): Neues Pruefverfahren fuer dynamische Dichtungen von Getriebemotoren. In: Berger and Kiefer (publisher) Dichtungstechnisches Jahrbuch 2016, Mannheim: Isgatec). Performed on a test stand in accordance with DIN 3761-10:1984-10 (Beuth (publisher): DIN 3761, Radial shaft sealing rings for motor vehicles, 1984).

Its conditions/measurement parameters are selected as follows: elastomer material: 75 FKM 585, pressure: 0.25 bar, temperature: 70 °C, test duration: 240 h, with rotation speed 2000 rpm (20 h) and 0 rpm (4 h). 10 cycles, greased: Bremer & Leguil Cassida GTS 2.

Elastomer dynamic measurements on FKM radial shaft sealing rings of Freudenberg BAU3 38-90-12 75FKM585 (item 49385291/49370995) according to the test specifications described above show that when using lubricant compositions according to the invention (Examples 3 and 15b) The dynamic elastomer compatibility of is measured. Subsequently, the track width as well as the shaft run-in are measured, which are a measure of the sliding behavior or of the elastomeric compatibility of the lubricant composition. As a control, a base formulation without slip improver (Comparative Example 2) is utilized.

The results of said measurements are summarized in Table 3:
Table 3:

The measurement results show that in the case of the lubricant compositions according to the invention with slip improvers (Example 3: GV 1, Example 15b: GV 2, respectively compared to Comparative Example 2) from 0.66 mm to 0.35 mm ( Example 3) or 0.54 mm (Example 15b) reducing the radial shaft seal ring-track width/wear width and reducing the shaft run-in from 20 μm to 0 μm (Example 3) or 14 μm (Example 15b) This is shown compared to the base formulation without slip improver (Comparative Example 2) described above. As the measurement results for comparative example 4 show, on the contrary, no improvement is achieved due to the increased viscosity of the base formulation (mPAO 150/comparative example 4, compared to mPAO 65/comparative example 2).

Example 18 - Determination of the sliding behavior in the case of elastomers as friction partners by DES (Dynamic Elastomer Screening):
The test is carried out using a “ring-disk tribometer”, a further development of the configuration described by Sommer M. and Haas W. [1] Sommer, M., Haas, W. “A new approach on grease tribology in sealing technology: Influence of the thickener particles”, Tribology International (2016), 103, 574-583). FKM elastomer material is used as test material. The mating material is a steel mating material.

The lubricant composition to be tested was tested in a ring-disc tribometer, as described in [1], at a constant speed of 1.5 m/s and a temperature of 60° C. with a linear load of 0.90 N/mm. It has been observed that upon poor lubricant film formation, it induces the collapse of the lubricant film and solid contact.

As can be read from FIGS. 3A to 3D, the lubricant compositions according to the invention with slip improvers (Example 2: GV 3, Example 5: GV 5, Example 11, GV 2, Example 14, GV 1) , shows a clearly smoother and lower course of its friction coefficient μ over a given time, which implies a stable lubricating film structure and demonstrates hydrodynamic lubrication. This suggests an elastomer/lubricant/steel counterpart which is a less abrasive and more stable tribosystem (see Figures 4A, 4B). The base formulation without slip improver (comparative example 3) shows an unstable lubricating film structure, which is manifested in strong oscillations and a higher course of the friction coefficient. This demonstrates, at least locally, solid contact and good adhesion-slip behavior ("stick-slip behavior").

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the addition of the slip enhancer reduces the wear of the elastomer body by 57% (comparative example 3) compared to the base formulation without the slip enhancer (Comparative Example 3), respectively. Example 2: GV 3), 50% (Example 14, GV 1), 67% (Example 11, GV 2) or 63% (Example 5, GV 5) and the wear of the steel counterpart material is reduced by 80% (Example 2: GV 3), 67% (Example 14: GV 1), 67% (Example 11: GV 2) or 73% (Example 5: GV 5).

Example 19: Effect of the slip enhancer on the resistance to micropitting The resistance to micropitting is tested on a Micropitting Resistance (MPR) test stand (PCS Instruments, London, UK). Micropitting represents damage to gear contact points.

The test stand uses a triple arrangement with a central roller in contact with three discs, which results in three rolling contact cycles per rolling revolution. The lower two discs are partially immersed in oil and transport this oil to their contact points during the test, thereby simulating oil bath lubrication. The rollers and the discs are driven by separate motors, which allows simulation of various slip-roll ratios (SRR). The test is carried out at a Hertzian contact pressure of 1.7 GPa, an SRR of 20%-30%, an oil temperature of 90° C. and 10 million cycles. The friction coefficient and vibration were recorded with a torque meter or an accelerometer during the test. At the end of the test, the test roller is cleaned using a solvent to remove any remaining oil and the mass of the roller is measured and the track is photographed with an optical microscope. The ability of a lubricant composition to resist micropitting is evaluated by the weight loss of the roller (comparison of mass before or after measurement) (see Figure 5A) and by the change in wear scar width (see Figure 5B). .

The results of said MPR measurements from FIG. This shows that a clear decrease in the weight loss was observed compared to the above-mentioned results (Reference).

The results of said MPR measurements from FIG. This shows that a clear decrease in the width of the track was observed compared to the previous model (Reference).

Claims (12)

A lubricant composition comprising:
A) base oil,
B) at least one additive, from 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and C) as a slip improver, an organic compound containing polar and non-polar parts, the lubricant. 0.001 to 5 % by weight based on the total weight of the composition
, wherein the organic compound has a dielectric constant ε _r within the range of 1.5 to 10, and the ratio ∫S ₁ /∫S ₂ of the organic compound is within the range of 1 to 25. Located in
Here, ∫S ₁ means the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands within the wave number range 3100 to 2750 cm ⁻¹ in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and ∫S ₂ means the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands within the wavenumber range 1800 to 1650 cm ⁻¹ in the ATR spectrum of
wherein the base oil is selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins, metallocene-polyalphaolefins, white oils, mineral oils, farnesene-based oils, estrides, and mixtures of two or more thereof; and the total amount of the base oil or base oil mixture is at least 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,
and the lubricant composition contains, as additional component D), 10 to 85% by weight of an ester compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the ester compound is a natural glyceride ester. , polyol esters, polyol composite esters, dimer acid esters and dimer acid composite esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, trimellitic acid esters and pyromellitic acid esters, and mixtures of two or more thereof, Lubricant composition. The at least one additive may be an antioxidant, an anti-wear additive, a friction reducer, an extreme pressure additive, a corrosion inhibitor, a non-ferrous heavy metal deactivator, an ionic complexing agent, a solid lubricant, a dispersant. 2. The lubricant composition of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition is selected from , pour point improvers and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and antifoam agents. The lubricant composition comprises:
A) the base oil;
B) at least one additive, 0.5 to 7% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition;
C) 0.1 to 5 % by weight, based on the total weight of the organic compound and the lubricant composition, and D) 10 to 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the ester compound and the lubricant composition.
3. A lubricant composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises a total of 100% by weight of the included components. The ester compound is
Neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters, and pentaerythritol esterified with saturated and/or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched monocarboxylic acids with chain lengths from C4 to C36. esters, and linear and/or branched monocarboxylic acids with chain lengths C4 to C36, saturated and/or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated, in any mixture; Neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters and pentaerythritol complex esters, fully or partially esterified with mono- or polyunsaturated linear and/or branched dicarboxylic acids. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the lubricant composition is selected from , and mixtures of two or more thereof. The at least one additive is:
one or more antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphothionates and thiocarbamates;
one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;
Neutral metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates, metal naphthenates, metal phosphates and N-methylglycine; one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from derivatives thereof;
one or more antifoaming agents selected from alcohols, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes with a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally ethoxylated and/or propoxylated, and optionally Amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, _{Al2O 3} , _SiO2 , _TiO2 , _ZrO2 , _WO3 , _Ta2O5 , _V2O5 , _CeO2 , aluminum titanate _, BN _{, MoSi2} , _SiC , _Si3N4 , TiC, TiN, _ZrB2 , clay an additive mixture comprising one or more antiwear additives and/or extreme pressure additives selected from nanoparticles selected from minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and thermostable carbonates and sulfates; 5. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein: A) base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins and metallocene-polyalphaolefins, and mixtures of two or more thereof;
B) One or more amine antioxidants, one or more neutral metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, and/or metal benzenesulfonates, one or more triazole compounds, and/or these. 0.5 to 5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising a derivative and one or more polysiloxanes,
C) 0.1 to 5% by weight of the organic compound, and D) 10 to 85% by weight of pentaerythritol ester.
from claim 1, wherein the indicated amounts are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, and the included components together add up to 100% by weight. 5. The lubricant composition according to any one of items 5 to 5 . The organic compound C) is composed of one or more same or different polar molecular moieties and one or more same or different non-polar molecular moieties, and the polar molecular moieties include carbonyl groups, ester groups (R -CO-O-R), keto group (R-CO-R), aldehyde group (R-CHO), amide group (R-CO-A, A=NH ₂ , NHR, or NR ₂ ), imide group (R-CO-NR-CO-R), carboxylic acid anhydride group (R-CO-O-CO-R), urea group (R ₂ N-CO-NR ₂ ), urethane group (R-NH-CO-OR), carboxylate group (R-COO ^- ) and carboxy groups (R-COOH), where each R is independently of the other any organic aliphatic or aromatic group, and the nonpolar molecular moiety is The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the lubricant composition is selected from one or more of linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups or aromatic groups. Claims 1 to 7 wherein the organic compound C) is selected from maleic ester-olefin copolymers, modified polyesters, linear polymers and star polymers polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), oleic acid and glycerol monooleate. The lubricant composition according to any one of the above. 9. Use of a lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil for general industry. For lubricating gears, hydraulic equipment, linear guides, pneumatic elements, equipment, bearings, chains, cables, springs, screws and compressors, and for lubricating mechanical parts that come into contact with food, sometimes unintentionally, and Use according to claim 9 for lubrication in a plant. 9. Use of a lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in the land water sector. Machines, machine parts and plant in contact with salt water in the marine sector or with water and/or aqueous media in land waters, and onshore machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media. 12. Use according to claim 11 for lubricating gears, hydraulics, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, linear guides, pneumatic elements, fittings, bearings, chains, cables, springs and screws in.

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