JP7421684B1 - Rafter units and roof structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a rafter unit useful for folded-plate roofs and a roof structure using the same. [Solution] A rafter unit (9) has an expanded portion (2d) formed at the end of a trough (1a), a rising portion (1b), a first top portion (1c), and a second top portion (1d). The deck plate (1) having a gap (2) is spanned from the first top to the second top, the first end (7c) has a flat end surface (7e), and the second end has a flat end surface (7e). (7d) is a rafter member (7) having a locking claw (7f) extending in the spanning direction (A) at the lower end thereof, and a rafter member (7) that is fixed to the deck plate by pressing the rafter member from above at the gap portion. A fixing cap (8) is provided. The roof structure (10) has a flat upper surface due to the rafter unit (9), the number of screws to be driven can be reduced, and sheet waterproofing methods etc. can be easily adopted. [Selection diagram] Figure 5

Description

The present invention relates to a rafter unit that is suitable for folded-plate roofs and includes a rafter and its fixing cap, and to a roof structure that uses the rafter unit.

Folded plate roofs are well known, in which metal plates (deck plates) bent into a corrugated shape are connected at their edges to form a roof. The sheet waterproofing method, which involves driving in and fixing the concrete, is also well known. In this type of sheet waterproofing method, when looking up at the roof from the room, the tips of the screws driven into the deck plate are completely visible under the deck plate, creating a problem that the roof looks unsightly. On the other hand, in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. It is also disclosed that by driving the screw 6 into the fixing member 3, the tip of the screw 6 does not appear on the lower surface of the deck plate 1, so that the problem of appearance can be solved.

Patent No. 3646293

However, in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 9, the fixing member 3 protrudes upward from the tops 1c and 1d of the deck plate 1, and the top surface of the roof is not flat, making it difficult to lay the heat insulating material 4 and waterproof sheet 5. was there. Furthermore, although the fixing member 3 is effective for fixing the deck plates 1, 1 in the wave direction (the left-right direction in FIG. 9), it is effective to prevent the deck plates 1, 1 from shifting in the longitudinal direction (the front-rear direction in FIG. 9). Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of screws to be driven in or to cover the fixing member 3 with another cover member provided with a slip preventer, which poses a problem in that the number of work steps increases.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a rafter unit comprising a rafter and its fixing cap useful for folded-plate roofs, and a roof structure using the rafter unit.

In order to solve the above problems, a rafter unit according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a trough, rising parts on both sides of the trough, and a first top part extending outward from the upper end of one of the rising parts. , a second apex extending outward from the upper end of the other rising portion, and a ridge portion having an expanded portion at an upper portion formed at the ends of the first apex and the second apex. The deck plate spans from the first top to the second top, and has a first end that is one end in the spanning direction, and a second end that is the other end. A rafter including a locking claw extending in the spanning direction at a lower end, the rafter being locked to the gap by the end face and the locking claw, and pressing the rafter from above at the gap. It is characterized by comprising a fixing cap fixed to the deck plate.

In the rafter unit of the second aspect, in the first aspect, the fixed cap is a channel material that opens downward, and has engagement holes with the flap on both sides parallel to the spanning direction, The engagement hole includes a lower entrance part, a slide part cut out from the entrance part in the spanning direction, and a fixing claw formed beside the entrance part by cutting out the slide part. It is also preferable to prepare.

In the rafter unit according to the third aspect, in the second aspect, the fixed cap is placed over the two rafters in the gap portion, and slides in a direction opposite to the depth direction of the sliding portion. It is also preferable that the fixing claw is caught below the expanded portion of the gap and prevented from coming off.

In the rafter unit of the fourth aspect, in the third aspect, it is also preferable that the upper surfaces of the fixed cap and the rafter member are flat, and that the fixed cap covers the rafter member substantially flush with each other.

In the rafter unit of the fifth aspect, it is also preferred in the fourth aspect that the rafter is hat steel or C-channel.

In a sixth aspect, a trough, a rising portion on both sides of the trough, a first peak extending outward from the upper end of one of the rising portions, and a first peak extending outward from the upper end of the other rising portion. a deck plate comprising: two tops; and a flap having an expanded portion formed at the ends of the first top and the second top; The first end, which is one end in the spanning direction, has a flat end surface, and the second end, which is the other end, has a locking claw extending in the spanning direction at the lower end. A roof structure comprising: a rafter member that is engaged with the edge portion using the end face and the locking claw; and a fixing cap that holds down the rafter member from above at the edge portion and fixes it to the deck plate. It is also preferable to

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a rafter unit useful for folded plate roofs and a roof structure using the same.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a roof structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of the deck plate concerning an embodiment. It is a figure of the rafter concerning an embodiment. It is a figure of the fixed cap concerning an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a roof structure showing how the rafter unit is used. (A) A diagram showing the fixed cap before sliding, (B) A diagram showing the fixed cap after sliding, and (C) A diagram showing the state in which screws are driven into the roof structure. It is a figure showing the rafter of the rafter unit concerning a modification. It is a figure which shows the deck plate of the roof structure based on a modification. It is a diagram showing a conventional roof structure and sheet waterproofing method.

Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

(Roof structure configuration)
FIG. 1 is a front view of a roof structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The roof structure 10 is a so-called folded plate roof in which a roof is formed by connecting seams 2 at both ends of a corrugated metal plate (deck plate 1). The roof structure 10 is formed by connecting a plurality of deck plates 1 in the left-right direction in FIG. 1, and FIG. 1 shows a part (minimum unit) of the roof structure 10. The roof structure 10 (minimum unit) includes two connected deck plates 1, 1, rafters 7 that span each deck plate 1, and a fixed cap 8 that covers the rafters 7, 7. Equipped with. In the roof structure 10, the rafter unit 9 according to this embodiment is a combination of one rafter 7 and one fixed cap 8. Further, the roof structure 10 is subjected to a sheet waterproofing method, and a heat insulating material 4 and a waterproof sheet 5 are laid on the roof structure 10 and fixed with screws 6. Note that in place of or in addition to the heat insulating material 4, a conventionally known base material (wood wool board, concrete panel, Century Board (registered trademark)), etc. may be provided.

(Configuration of deck plate)
FIG. 2 is a front view of the deck plate 1 according to the embodiment. The deck plate 1 is made by bending a metal plate, and includes a valley portion 1a, rising portions 1b, 1b standing on both sides of the valley portion 1a, and an outer edge portion extending outward from the upper end of one of the rising portions 1b. 2a, and a second top portion 1d extending outward from the upper end of the other rising portion 1b and having an internal gap portion 2b. The two deck plates 1, 1 are connected by tightening the outer seam 2a and the inner seam 2b of each other, and the lower part 2c of the seam 2 at the seam 2 (connection part). On the other hand, the upper part having the winding part is the expansion part 2d.

(Rafter configuration)
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the rafter 7 according to the embodiment, in which (A) a perspective view as seen from the first end side, (B) a perspective view as seen from the second end side, and (C) a front view. , (D) rear view, (E) right side view, (F) left side view, (G) top view, and (H) bottom view. The rafter 7 is a long channel material formed from a metal plate by roll forming, bending, etc., and has a so-called hat steel shape having a grooved portion 7a and outer ribs 7b at both ends. . The upper surface 7g of the rafter 7, which has the shape of hat steel, is flat in the horizontal direction. The rafter 7 is spanned from the first top portion 1c to the second top portion 1d in the wave direction of the deck plate 1, with the opening of the groove-shaped portion 7a facing downward. The direction in which the rafters 7 span from the first top portion 1c to the second top portion 1d will be referred to as a spanning direction A hereinafter.

A first end 7c, which is one end of the rafter 7 in the spanning direction A, includes an end surface 7e that is flat in the vertical direction. The second end 7d, which is the other end, includes a locking claw 7f extending in the spanning direction A at the lower end. In the rafter 7, the flat end surface 7e of the first end 7c contacts and interferes with the flap 2 of the first top 1c of the deck plate 1, and the second It is spanned over the deck plate 1 so that the locking claw 7f of the end portion 7d contacts and interferes. It is preferable that the height H7 (FIG. 3(E)) of the rafter member 7 is substantially the same as the height H2 (FIG. 2) of the flap 2 (outer flap 2a). In the embodiment, the height h7 (FIG. 3(E)) of the locking pawl 7f is approximately one-third of the height H7 of the rafter 7; The height h7 may be changed according to the height h2 (FIG. 2) of the lower part 2c of the flap 2.

(Fixed cap configuration)
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the fixing cap 8 according to the embodiment, including (A) front perspective view, (B) rear perspective view, (C) front view, (D) rear view, (E) right side view, (F) a left side view, (G) a top view, and (H) a bottom view. The fixed cap 8 is a channel material formed from a metal plate by roll forming, bending, etc., and has a so-called hat steel shape having a grooved portion 8a and outer flanges 8b at both ends thereof. The upper surface 8g of the fixed cap 8 having the shape of hat steel is flat in the horizontal direction. The fixing cap 8 is oriented so that the grooved portion 8a opens downward, and is placed over the two rafters 7, 7 of the flap 2 from above to fix the rafters 7, 7. The length L8 (FIG. 4(E)) of the fixed cap 8 is the length from the second top 1d of one deck plate 1 connected at the flap 2 to the first top of the other deck plate 1 in the spanning direction A. 1c, the length may be changed according to the sum of the lengths of the first apex 1c and the second apex 1d. It is preferable that the height H8 (FIG. 4E) of the fixed cap 8 is approximately the same as the height H7 of the rafter 7.

The fixed cap 8 is provided with engagement holes 80 on two side surfaces 8c and 8d parallel to the spanning direction A for engagement with the gaps 2 of the deck plates 1, 1. The engagement hole 80 is provided approximately in the center of the side surfaces 8c and 8d when viewed in the spanning direction A, and is connected to an inlet portion 81 formed at the lower end of the side surfaces 8c and 8d from the end of the inlet portion 81 in the spanning direction. It includes a slide part 82 cut out at A, and a fixing claw 83 formed by side surfaces 8c and 8d left beside the entrance part 81 by cutting out the slide part 82. A notch 84 is formed in the outer flange 8b in alignment with the entrance portion 81 of the engagement hole 80. The width B82 (FIG. 4(E)) of the sliding portion 82 of the engagement hole 80 is cut out to be approximately the same width as the width B81 (FIG. 4(E)) of the inlet portion 81, and the sliding portion 82 is It has a depth in the transfer direction A.

(How to use rafter units)
The rafter unit 9 consisting of the rafter 7 and the fixed cap 8 having the above configuration is used in the roof structure 10 in the following manner. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the roof structure 10 showing how the rafter unit 9 is used, and FIG. 6 is (A) a view showing the fixed cap 8 before sliding, (B) a view showing the fixed cap 8 after sliding, ( C) is a diagram showing the state in which the screws 6 are driven into the roof structure 10.

After tightening the deck plates 1 and 1, the worker spans the rafters 7 in the wave direction of the deck plates 1. At this time, first insert the locking claw 7f of the second end 7d of the rafter 7 under the gap 2 of the deck plate 1, and then insert the first end 7c of the rafter 7 into the deck plate 1. Push it into the first top portion 1c. As a result, on the second end 7d side of the rafter 7, the locking pawl 7f contacts and interferes with the expansion part 2d of the flap 2 and the deck plate 1 (second top 1d), and the first end of the rafter 7 On the end 7c side, the end surface 7e contacts and interferes with the expansion part 2d of the flap 2, and the rafter 7 is locked to the deck plate 1.

After installing the rafters 7 on the two deck plates 1, 1, the worker places the fixing cap 8 over the two rafters 7, 7 related to the gap 2 from above. At this time, the fixed cap 8 is covered so that the expansion part 2d of the flap 2 passes through the entrance part 81 of the engagement hole 80 (see FIG. 6(A)).

Next, the operator slides the fixing cap 8 in a direction opposite to the depth direction of the engagement hole 80. As a result, the fixing claw 83 of the fixing cap 8 is inserted between the expanding part 2d of the flap 2 and the deck plate 1 (first top part 1c), and the fixing claw 83 is prevented from coming off below the expanding part 2d. (See FIG. 6(B)). Thereby, in the gap 2, the rafters 7, 7 are held down from above by the fixing cap 8, and are fixed to the deck plates 1, 1. The worker similarly installs the rafter units 9 on a plurality of deck plates 1 connected in the wave direction.

Next, the worker similarly installs rafter units 9 at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction from the row of rafter units 9 installed earlier (see FIG. 5). After the worker installs the rafter unit 9 across the plurality of consecutive deck plates 1, the worker lays the insulation material 4 and the waterproof sheet 5 on top of the rafter unit 9, drives the screws 6 into the fixing cap 8, and applies the sheet waterproofing method to the roof structure 10. (See Figure 6(C)).

(effect)
As described above, according to the rafter unit 9 according to the present embodiment, the rafters 7 are spanned in the wave direction of the deck plate 1, and the rafters 7 are attached to the deck plate by the fixing caps 8 at the lattice points with the rows of the seams 2. Fixed to 1. The upper surface 8g of the fixed cap 8 and the upper surface 7g of the rafter 7 are flat horizontal surfaces, and the height H8 of the fixed cap 8 is approximately the same as the height H7 of the rafter 7. The rafter unit 9 consisting of the fixed cap 8 is installed as a substantially flush frame. Therefore, in the roof structure 10 of this embodiment, the rafter unit 9 does not protrude upward only at the position of the fixed cap 8, and spreads flat on the roof top surface, making it easy to lay the heat insulating material 4 and the waterproof sheet 5. Moreover, according to the rafter unit 9 according to this embodiment, the installation work is very easy because the rafter 7 is simply spanned over the deck plate 1, the fixing cap 8 is covered, and the rafter unit 9 is slid and fixed.

Furthermore, according to the rafter unit 9 according to the present embodiment, the rows of flaps 2 extend in the longitudinal direction of the consecutive deck plates 1, and the rafters 7 extend in the wave direction, so that the overall structure is a grid. A shaped frame is completed. Therefore, displacement in the longitudinal direction of the deck plates 1, 1 can be sufficiently prevented, and there is no need to increase the number of screws to prevent displacement in the longitudinal direction, and as shown in FIG. However, it is sufficient to drive one screw 6. Furthermore, there is no need to cover the fixed cap 8 with another cover member to prevent it from slipping. In particular, when covering with another cover member, it is necessary to screw the end of the cover member to the rising part 1b of the deck plate 1, which involves the difficult work of driving the screws diagonally, but the rafter unit according to this embodiment 9, this work is not necessary.

Further, according to the roof structure 10 using the rafter unit 9 according to the present embodiment, the screw 6 is driven into the fixed cap 8, and the tip of the screw 6 fits into the fixed cap 8 and the rafter 7, so the screw 6 The problem of appearance does not appear on the lower surface of the deck plate 1, and the problem of appearance can be solved.

Further, the rafter unit 9 according to the present embodiment can be applied to any conventionally known deck plate shape as long as it is a crimp type deck plate having an expanded portion in the upper portion. Therefore, the rafter unit 9 according to this embodiment can be used not only in new construction but also in repair construction, and is particularly useful when constructed together with the replacement of the heat insulating material 4.

(Modified example)
Next, preferred modifications to the above-described embodiment will be described. Components that are the same as those in the embodiment are given the same reference numerals and descriptions thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing rafters of a rafter unit 9 according to a modification, in which (A) is a rafter 7A according to a modification 1, (B) is a rafter 7B according to a modification 2, and (C) is a diagram showing a rafter 7B according to a modification 2. This is a rafter 7C according to modification example 3. The rafters 7 may adopt any of the shapes of Modifications 1 to 3, depending on the load-bearing design and manufacturing cost of the roof structure 10. In each of Modifications 1 to 3, the first end 7c has a vertically flat end surface 7e, and the second end 7d has a locking claw 7f. Modification 1 has a so-called C-channel shape in which the groove-shaped portion 7a has inner flanges at both ends. Modification 2 includes a trapezoidal groove portion 7a that widens toward the end. Modification 3 includes a trapezoidal groove portion 7a that tapers downward.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a deck plate of a roof structure 10 according to a modification, in which (A) is a deck plate 1A according to a modification 4, (B) is a deck plate 1B according to a modification 5, and (C) is a diagram showing a deck plate 1A according to a modification 4. Deck plate 1C according to modification 6, (D) is deck plate 1D according to modification 7, and (E) is deck plate 1E according to modification 8. As described above, the rafter unit 9 according to the present embodiment can be applied to a deck plate of a crimp type having an expanded portion in the upper part, and Modifications 4 to 8 are examples thereof. Modification 4 is a deck plate 1A in which the first top portion 1c and the second top portion 1d have slopes. Modification 5 is a deck plate 1B in which the valley portion 1a is arc-shaped. Modification 6 is a deck plate 1C in which the valley portion 1a is stepped. Modification 7 is a deck plate 1D in which the valley portion 1a is longer than that of the embodiment. Modification 8 is a deck plate 1E in which a plurality of corrugations are formed in the valley portion 1a of one deck plate. Even in these modified examples 4 to 8, the length L7 (FIG. 3(E)) of the rafter 7 is modified, and the locking claws 7f at both ends of the rafter 7 and the end surface 7e are connected to the gap between the deck plate 1. The rafter unit 9 can be used by contacting and interfering with the part 2.

In addition, in the embodiment and the modified example, the shape of the flap 2 of the deck plate 1 is an example, and the flap 2 of the deck plate 1 has a shape of a flap having an expanded portion in the upper part. can. Further, the outer gap portion 2a and the inner gap portion 2b may be reversed, and the inner gap portion 2b is formed on the first top portion 1c of the deck plate 1, and the outer gap portion 2a is formed on the second top portion 1d. You can. Further, the roof structure 10 including the rafters 7, the fixed cap 8, and the deck plate 1 is not limited to the example in which the sheet waterproofing method is applied as shown in the embodiment, but can be applied to any long roof. .

Although preferred embodiments and modified examples of the present invention have been described above, it is possible to modify and combine these based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and such embodiments are also included within the scope of the present invention.

1...Deck plate, 1a...Trough, 1b...Rising part, 1c...First top, 1d...Second top, 2...Seam, 2a...Outer seam, 2b...Inner seam, 2c...Downward 2d...Inflatable part, 4...Insulating material, 5...Waterproof sheet, 6...Screws, 7...Rafters, 7a...Groove portion, 7b...Outer collar, 7c...First end, 7d...Second end , 7e...Flat end surface, 7f...Locking claw, 7g...Top surface, 8...Fixing cap, 8a...Groove portion, 8b...Outer collar, 8c, 8d...Side surface, 8g...Top surface, 80...Engaging hole, 81 ...Entrance part, 82...Sliding part, 83...Fixing claw, 84...Notch, 9...Rafter unit, 10...Roof structure

Claims (5)

a trough, rising parts on both sides of the trough, a first peak extending outward from the upper end of one of the rising parts, a second peak extending outward from the upper end of the other rising part, and the second peak extending outward from the upper end of the other rising part; A deck plate is provided with a ridge portion formed at the ends of the first top portion and the second top portion and having an expansion portion in the upper portion. A first end, which is one end in the direction, is provided with a flat end surface, and a second end, which is the other end, is provided with a locking claw extending in the spanning direction at the lower end, so that the end surface and a plurality of rafters that are locked to the gap with the locking claws,
The fixed cap is made of a channel material that opens downward, and has engagement holes with the flaps on both sides parallel to the spanning direction, and the engagement holes are connected to a lower inlet part and the inlet part. a fixing cap having a slide portion cut out in the spanning direction, and a fixing claw formed beside the entrance portion by cutting the slide portion;
A rafter unit characterized in that one rafter and the other rafter that sandwich the gap are pressed from above by the fixing cap and fixed to the deck plate .

The fixing cap is placed over the two rafters at the gap, and is slid in a direction opposite to the depth direction of the sliding section, thereby fixing the fixing cap below the expansion part of the gap. The rafter unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the claw is caught and prevented from coming off.
3. The rafter unit according to claim 2, wherein upper surfaces of the fixed cap and the rafter are flat, and the fixed cap covers the rafter substantially flush.
The rafter unit according to claim 3, wherein the rafter is made of hat steel or C channel.
a trough, rising parts on both sides of the trough, a first peak extending outward from the upper end of one of the rising parts, a second peak extending outward from the upper end of the other rising part, and the second peak extending outward from the upper end of the other rising part; a deck plate having a ridge portion having an expansion portion formed at an end of the first top portion and the second top portion;
A first end that spans from the first top to the second top of the deck plate, which is one end in the spanning direction, has a flat end surface, and a second end, which is the other end, has a flat end surface. a plurality of rafters, each of which has a locking claw extending in the spanning direction at a lower end thereof, and is locked to the gap portion by the end face and the locking claw;
The fixed cap is made of a channel material that opens downward, and has engagement holes with the flaps on both sides parallel to the spanning direction, and the engagement holes are connected to a lower inlet part and the inlet part. a fixing cap having a slide portion cut out in the spanning direction, and a fixing claw formed beside the entrance portion by cutting the slide portion;
A roof structure characterized in that one rafter and the other rafter that sandwich the gap are pressed from above by the fixing cap and fixed to the deck plate.