JP7396555B2 - Automotive power system - Google Patents

Automotive power system Download PDF

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JP7396555B2
JP7396555B2 JP2019137773A JP2019137773A JP7396555B2 JP 7396555 B2 JP7396555 B2 JP 7396555B2 JP 2019137773 A JP2019137773 A JP 2019137773A JP 2019137773 A JP2019137773 A JP 2019137773A JP 7396555 B2 JP7396555 B2 JP 7396555B2
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power
storage device
power storage
supply system
switch
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JP2021023018A (en
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正好 高橋
大介 槇尾
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Imasen Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Imasen Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2019137773A priority Critical patent/JP7396555B2/en
Priority to US17/605,324 priority patent/US12068633B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2020/026188 priority patent/WO2021020029A1/en
Priority to EP20846293.7A priority patent/EP4005878A4/en
Priority to CN202080029748.8A priority patent/CN113710545B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/0315—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for using multiplexing techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/16—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

本発明は、車載用電源システムに関する。特に、発電装置と蓄電装置とを備えており、二以上の異なる電圧で電力を供給する車載用電源システムに関する。 The present invention relates to an on-vehicle power supply system. In particular, the present invention relates to an on-vehicle power supply system that includes a power generation device and a power storage device and supplies power at two or more different voltages.

車両に搭載可能で、４８Ｖまたは２４Ｖの高電圧の電力を供給することのできる蓄電装置として、複数のセル（単電池）を直列に接続したバッテリが知られている。このような高電圧の蓄電装置は、主に、車両を駆動するモータなどに給電を行っている。通常、高電圧の蓄電装置を搭載した車両では、電気系統の装備品等への給電のために、低電圧電力を供給する蓄電装置が、別途搭載されている。 BACKGROUND ART A battery in which a plurality of cells (single cells) are connected in series is known as a power storage device that can be mounted on a vehicle and can supply high voltage power of 48V or 24V. Such a high-voltage power storage device mainly supplies power to a motor that drives a vehicle. Usually, a vehicle equipped with a high-voltage power storage device is equipped with a separate power storage device that supplies low-voltage power to power electrical system equipment and the like.

図５は、従来知られている電源システム１０１の構成を模式的に示した図である。電源システム１０１は、高電圧の電力を供給する蓄電装置１０２と負荷１０６に低電圧電力を供給する蓄電装置１０３とを備えている。それぞれの蓄電装置１０２，１０３は発電機１０４から給電される。蓄電装置１０２と蓄電装置１０３の間には、ＤＣＤＣコンバータが配置されており、蓄電装置１０３側には、降圧された電力が供給される。 FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a conventionally known power supply system 101. The power supply system 101 includes a power storage device 102 that supplies high-voltage power and a power storage device 103 that supplies low-voltage power to a load 106. Each power storage device 102, 103 is supplied with power from a generator 104. A DC/DC converter is arranged between power storage device 102 and power storage device 103, and voltage-stepped power is supplied to power storage device 103.

車両に搭載される電源システムには、高い信頼性と耐久性が要求される。そこで、高電圧の蓄電装置と低電圧の蓄電装置の一方に不具合が生じた場合であっても、正常な蓄電装置から電力を供給して、車両の動作を継続させることのできる構成が、求められている。例えば、特許文献１には、高電圧の蓄電体としてリチウムイオンバッテリを備え、低電圧の蓄電体として鉛バッテリを備えた電源装置が開示されている。特許文献１は、リチウムイオンバッテリと鉛バッテリの導通と遮断を制御するスイッチ制御部によって、センサ異常が発生した場合でも車両用電源を適切に制御する技術が開示されている。 Power systems installed in vehicles are required to have high reliability and durability. Therefore, even if a malfunction occurs in either the high-voltage power storage device or the low-voltage power storage device, there is a need for a configuration that can continue to operate the vehicle by supplying power from the normal power storage device. It is being For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a power supply device that includes a lithium ion battery as a high-voltage power storage body and a lead battery as a low-voltage power storage body. Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for appropriately controlling a vehicle power source even when a sensor abnormality occurs using a switch control unit that controls conduction and disconnection between a lithium ion battery and a lead battery.

特許文献１に開示されているように、低電圧電力を供給する蓄電装置として、鉛蓄電池が広く普及している。鉛バッテリは、安価な材料で製造することができ、大電流の放電に耐えられる安定性の高い蓄電装置である。一方で、電極に鉛を使用するため、電源システム全体が重くなる傾向がある。また、電解液が硫酸を使用するため、万一の破損の際の危険性が指摘されている。このため、鉛バッテリを用いずに、信頼性の高い電源システムを提供する技術が求められている。 As disclosed in Patent Document 1, lead-acid batteries are widely used as power storage devices that supply low-voltage power. A lead battery is a highly stable power storage device that can be manufactured from inexpensive materials and can withstand large current discharge. On the other hand, since lead is used for the electrodes, the overall power supply system tends to be heavy. Additionally, since the electrolyte uses sulfuric acid, it has been pointed out that there is a danger in the event of damage. Therefore, there is a need for technology that provides a highly reliable power supply system without using lead batteries.

特開２０１８－１９８５１９号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-198519

鉛バッテリを用いることなく、車両における電源を多重化し、高電圧から低電圧まで異なる電圧の電力を信頼性高く供給することのできる車載用電源システムが求められている。 There is a need for an on-vehicle power supply system that can multiplex power supplies in a vehicle and reliably supply power at different voltages from high to low voltages without using lead batteries.

本発明は上記現状に鑑みてなされたものであって、鉛バッテリを用いることなく、信頼性と耐久性の高い車載用の電源システムを提供することを、解決すべき課題としている。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned current situation, and an object to be solved is to provide a highly reliable and durable in-vehicle power supply system without using a lead battery.

請求項１にかかる発明は、車載用の電源システムに関する。本発明の電源システムは、高電圧出力端子と低電圧出力端子とを有する一次側蓄電装置と、補助電源として低電圧の電力を供給する蓄電装置である二次側蓄電装置と、一次側蓄電装置及び二次側蓄電装置に電力を供給する発電装置とを備えている。さらに本発明の電源システムは、発電装置と一次側蓄電装置との間に配置された第一のスイッチと、発電装置と二次側蓄電装置との間に配置された第二のスイッチと、一次側蓄電装置の低電圧出力端子と二次側蓄電装置の出力端子との間に配置された第三のスイッチと、を備えている。本発明の車載用の電源システムは、発電装置が、可変電圧を出力可能であることを特徴とする。
The invention according to claim 1 relates to an on-vehicle power supply system. The power supply system of the present invention includes a primary power storage device having a high voltage output terminal and a low voltage output terminal, a secondary power storage device that is a power storage device that supplies low voltage power as an auxiliary power source , and a primary power storage device. and a power generation device that supplies power to the secondary power storage device. Further, the power supply system of the present invention includes a first switch arranged between the power generation device and the primary power storage device, a second switch arranged between the power generation device and the secondary power storage device, and a first switch arranged between the power generation device and the secondary power storage device. A third switch is provided between the low voltage output terminal of the side power storage device and the output terminal of the secondary side power storage device. The on-vehicle power supply system of the present invention is characterized in that the power generation device is capable of outputting a variable voltage.

本発明の車載用の電源システムは、二次側蓄電装置が、リチウムイオンバッテリ、電気二重層コンデンサ、または電解コンデンサのいずれかで構成されていることが好ましい。また、低電圧の電力を要求する負荷に対して、一次側蓄電装置の低電圧出力端子と二次側蓄電装置とから並列で電力を供給可能であることが好ましい。

In the in-vehicle power supply system of the present invention, it is preferable that the secondary power storage device is configured with one of a lithium ion battery, an electric double layer capacitor, or an electrolytic capacitor. Further, it is preferable that power can be supplied in parallel from the low voltage output terminal of the primary power storage device and the secondary power storage device to a load that requires low voltage power.

本発明の車載用の電源システムは、二次側蓄電装置の出力端に第四のスイッチが配置されていることが好ましい。また、第四のスイッチが開であるとき、低電圧の電力を要求する負荷に電力を供給可能に構成されていることが好ましい。
本発明の車載用の電源システムは、一次側蓄電装置に不具合が生じたとき、第一のスイッチおよび第三のスイッチが開となり、第二のスイッチが閉となることによって、発電装置からの電力を、高電圧を要求する負荷および低電圧を要求する負荷の両方に供給することが好ましい。また、一次側蓄電装置に不具合が生じたとき、前記第一のスイッチおよび前記第三のスイッチが開となり、前記第二のスイッチが閉となることによって、充電された前記二次側蓄電装置から電力を供給することが好ましい。 In the in-vehicle power supply system of the present invention, it is preferable that a fourth switch is disposed at the output end of the secondary power storage device. Preferably, the fourth switch is configured to be able to supply power to a load that requires low voltage power when it is open.
In the in-vehicle power supply system of the present invention, when a malfunction occurs in the primary power storage device, the first switch and the third switch are opened, and the second switch is closed, thereby drawing power from the power generation device. is preferably supplied to both a load requiring high voltage and a load requiring low voltage. Further, when a malfunction occurs in the primary power storage device, the first switch and the third switch are opened, and the second switch is closed, so that the charged secondary power storage device is removed from the charged secondary power storage device. Preferably, power is supplied.

本発明の電源システムは、一次側蓄電装置が、高電圧出力端子に加えて低電圧出力端子を有しており、通常稼働時は、一次側蓄電装置が、高電圧の電力に加えて低電圧の電力を給電する。二次側蓄電装置の給電する機会を減らすことができるため、二次側蓄電装置の交換頻度を下げることができ、また二次側蓄電装置を小型小容量とすることができる。 In the power supply system of the present invention, the primary power storage device has a low voltage output terminal in addition to a high voltage output terminal, and during normal operation, the primary power storage device supplies low voltage power in addition to high voltage power. power. Since the opportunity to supply power to the secondary power storage device can be reduced, the frequency of replacing the secondary power storage device can be reduced, and the secondary power storage device can be made smaller and smaller in capacity.

本発明の電源システムは、一次側蓄電装置に不具合が発生した場合に、第一のスイッチと第二のスイッチをオフにして一次側蓄電装置を切り離し、発電装置および二次側蓄電装置によって、給電を継続し、車両を安定して走行させることができる。 In the power supply system of the present invention, when a malfunction occurs in the primary power storage device, the first switch and the second switch are turned off to disconnect the primary power storage device, and power is supplied by the power generation device and the secondary power storage device. This allows the vehicle to run stably.

本発明の電源システムは、一次側蓄電装置の冗長化が不要であり、かつ二次側蓄電装置を小型小容量にできることにより、電源システム全体の信頼性を維持しながら、車両重量を軽量化することができる。 The power supply system of the present invention does not require redundancy of the primary power storage device, and the secondary power storage device can be made small and small in capacity, thereby reducing the weight of the vehicle while maintaining the reliability of the entire power supply system. be able to.

図１は、本発明の好適な実施形態に従った電源システムの構成を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a power supply system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 図２は、本発明の好適な実施形態に従った電源システムの構成を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a power supply system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 図３は、一次側蓄電装置が正常に稼働しているときの電力の供給状態を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the power supply state when the primary power storage device is operating normally. 図４は、一次側蓄電装置に不具合が発生しているときの電力の供給状態を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the power supply state when a problem occurs in the primary power storage device. 図５は、従来技術の電源システムの構成を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a conventional power supply system. 図６は、比較例の電源システムの構成の一例を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a power supply system of a comparative example.

以下、本発明の電源システムについて、最初に用語を定義し、次に、最も好適な実施形態を説明する。 Hereinafter, regarding the power supply system of the present invention, terms will first be defined, and then the most preferred embodiment will be described.

本発明において、一次側蓄電装置とは、車両が備えている一以上の負荷に対して主電源として電力を供給する蓄電装置である。本発明の一次側蓄電装置は、異なる電圧の電力を様々な負荷に対して供給できるように、高電圧出力端子と低電圧出力端子とを備えている。 In the present invention, the primary power storage device is a power storage device that supplies electric power as a main power source to one or more loads included in a vehicle. The primary power storage device of the present invention includes a high voltage output terminal and a low voltage output terminal so that power of different voltages can be supplied to various loads.

本発明において二次側蓄電装置とは、通常稼働時に、補助電源として低電圧の電力を供給する蓄電装置である。一方で、二次側蓄電装置は、一次側蓄電装置に不具合が発生した場合に、発電装置と共働して様々な負荷に異なる電圧で電力を供給することのできる蓄電装置である。 In the present invention, the secondary power storage device is a power storage device that supplies low-voltage power as an auxiliary power source during normal operation. On the other hand, the secondary power storage device is a power storage device that can work together with the power generation device to supply power at different voltages to various loads when a malfunction occurs in the primary power storage device.

本発明における発電装置とは、発電機を含み、負荷および蓄電装置に電力を供給する装置である。ここでいう発電機とは、回生エネルギーで発電するモータ、車両のエンジンを動力源として発電を行うオルタネータ、その他車両への給電装置である。 The power generation device in the present invention is a device that includes a generator and supplies power to a load and a power storage device. The generator here refers to a motor that generates electricity using regenerated energy, an alternator that generates electricity using the vehicle's engine as a power source, and other power supply devices to the vehicle.

以下、図１および図２を参照しつつ、本発明に係る車載用の電源システム１、６１の好適な実施形態を説明する。本実施形態における電源システム１は、一次側蓄電装置２と、二次側蓄電装置３と、発電装置４とを備えている。電源システム１と電源システム６１の相違点は、二次側蓄電装置３の構成の違いである。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the in-vehicle power supply system 1, 61 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The power supply system 1 in this embodiment includes a primary power storage device 2, a secondary power storage device 3, and a power generation device 4. The difference between power supply system 1 and power supply system 61 is the difference in the configuration of secondary power storage device 3.

好適な実施形態において、一次側蓄電装置２は、複数のセルからなるバッテリを複数備えており、これらのバッテリは直列接続されている。図１および図２に示した一次側蓄電装置２では、一実施形態として、４個のバッテリ２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄが直列接続された状態を示している。しかしながら、バッテリに含まれるセルの定格電圧、セルの数、及び一次側蓄電装置２内で直列接続するバッテリの個数は、供給する電圧に応じて適宜変更が可能である。一次側蓄電装置２に適用可能なセルの種類は、リチウムイオンセル、ニッケル水素セルなどである。 In a preferred embodiment, the primary power storage device 2 includes a plurality of batteries each including a plurality of cells, and these batteries are connected in series. In the primary power storage device 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, as one embodiment, four batteries 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are connected in series. However, the rated voltage of the cells included in the battery, the number of cells, and the number of batteries connected in series within the primary power storage device 2 can be changed as appropriate depending on the supplied voltage. Types of cells applicable to the primary power storage device 2 include lithium ion cells, nickel metal hydride cells, and the like.

一次側蓄電装置２は、高電圧出力端子１１と低電圧出力端子１２とを有している。高電圧出力端子１１は、バッテリ２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄ全体から電力を供給することで、出力可能な最大電圧の電力を供給することができる。低電圧出力端子１２は、バッテリの一部から電力を供給することで、出力電圧を低く制御している。図１および図２では、バッテリ２ａから電力を供給している。 The primary power storage device 2 has a high voltage output terminal 11 and a low voltage output terminal 12. The high voltage output terminal 11 can supply power at the maximum output voltage by supplying power from all of the batteries 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d. The low voltage output terminal 12 controls the output voltage to be low by supplying power from a part of the battery. In FIGS. 1 and 2, power is supplied from the battery 2a.

図１に示すように、電源システム１では、二次側蓄電装置３を、複数のセルを含む単一のバッテリ３１で構成することができる。バッテリ３１に好適に適用可能なセルは、一次側蓄電装置２と同様に、リチウムイオンセル、ニッケル水素セルなどである。 As shown in FIG. 1, in the power supply system 1, the secondary power storage device 3 can be configured with a single battery 31 including a plurality of cells. Cells suitably applicable to battery 31 are lithium ion cells, nickel metal hydride cells, etc., similarly to primary power storage device 2 .

図２に示すように、電源システム６１では、二次側蓄電装置３をコンデンサ３２で構成することができる。コンデンサ３２としては、出力密度が高く性能劣化の少ない電気二重層コンデンサや、容量の大きな電解コンデンサを好適に適用することができる。 As shown in FIG. 2, in the power supply system 61, the secondary power storage device 3 can be configured with a capacitor 32. As the capacitor 32, an electric double layer capacitor with high output density and little performance deterioration or an electrolytic capacitor with a large capacity can be suitably used.

好適な実施形態において、発電装置４は、インバータ４１を備えた発電機４２を備えている。発電機４２が出力する電力はインバータ４１によって任意の電圧に変換される。発電装置４は、一次側蓄電装置２と二次側蓄電装置３に給電することができ、さらに、図示されない車内の負荷に給電することができる。 In a preferred embodiment, the power generation device 4 includes a generator 42 equipped with an inverter 41 . The electric power output by the generator 42 is converted into an arbitrary voltage by the inverter 41. The power generation device 4 can supply power to the primary power storage device 2 and the secondary power storage device 3, and can also supply power to a load inside the vehicle (not shown).

また本発明の発電装置４は、可変電圧出力可能な発電機で構成することができる。この場合の発電機４は、接続されている負荷の要求に応じて、出力電圧を調整する。 Moreover, the power generation device 4 of the present invention can be configured with a generator capable of outputting a variable voltage. The generator 4 in this case adjusts its output voltage according to the demands of the connected load.

本実施形態の電源システム１は、一次側蓄電装置２と発電装置４との間に第一のスイッチ２１が配置されている。また、二次側蓄電装置３と発電装置４との間に第二のスイッチ２２が配置されている。さらに、一次側蓄電装置２の低電圧出力端子１２と二次側蓄電装置３の出力端子１３との間に配置された第三のスイッチ２３とを備えている。 In the power supply system 1 of this embodiment, a first switch 21 is arranged between the primary power storage device 2 and the power generation device 4. Further, a second switch 22 is arranged between the secondary power storage device 3 and the power generation device 4. Furthermore, a third switch 23 is provided between the low voltage output terminal 12 of the primary power storage device 2 and the output terminal 13 of the secondary power storage device 3.

必須ではないが、電源システム１は、二次側蓄電装置３の出力端に、第四のスイッチ２４を備えることが好ましい。 Although not essential, it is preferable that the power supply system 1 includes a fourth switch 24 at the output end of the secondary power storage device 3.

電源システム１は、図示されない制御手段によって第一のスイッチ２１から第四のスイッチ２４までの開閉を切り替えることにより、それぞれの負荷に対する電力の供給源を適宜変更する。 The power supply system 1 changes the power supply source for each load as appropriate by switching the opening and closing of the first switch 21 to the fourth switch 24 by a control means (not shown).

本実施形態では、一次側蓄電装置２の全てのバッテリ２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄと並列に接続されてバイパス回路を形成しているバランサー５を備えることが望ましい。図１および図２に示したように、一次側蓄電装置２の複数のバッテリの中から、たとえばバッテリ２ａのみで二次側蓄電装置３や外部負荷に給電した場合、バッテリ間の電圧や残容量のバランスを維持しにくくなる。そこでバランサー５は、一次側蓄電装置２内の各バッテリの電位と残容量を均等に維持するように充放電時のバランス制御を行い、バッテリの過放電や過充電を未然に防いでいる。 In this embodiment, it is desirable to include a balancer 5 connected in parallel to all batteries 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d of the primary power storage device 2 to form a bypass circuit. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when power is supplied to the secondary power storage device 3 or an external load using only battery 2a among the plurality of batteries in the primary power storage device 2, the voltage between the batteries and the remaining capacity It becomes difficult to maintain balance. Therefore, the balancer 5 performs balance control during charging and discharging so as to maintain equal potential and remaining capacity of each battery in the primary power storage device 2, thereby preventing over-discharging and over-charging of the batteries.

以下、図１，３，４を参照しつつ、一次側蓄電装置２と二次側蓄電装置３にそれぞれリチウムイオンバッテリを適用した電源システム１についての構成と動作を詳細に説明する。さらに、電源の多重化を行わない比較例について、図６を参照しつつ説明する。 Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 1, 3, and 4, the configuration and operation of the power supply system 1 in which lithium ion batteries are applied to the primary power storage device 2 and the secondary power storage device 3 will be described in detail. Furthermore, a comparative example in which power supplies are not multiplexed will be described with reference to FIG. 6.

（実施例）
図１に示すように、本実施例の一次側蓄電装置２は、４個のバッテリ２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄを備えており、それぞれのバッテリの中に、リチウムイオンセルが４個ずつ含まれている。本実施例において、それぞれの蓄電装置には、出力電圧３Ｖであるリチウムイオンセルが適用されている。その結果、一次側蓄電装置２が高電圧出力端子１１から供給する最大出力電圧は４８Ｖとなる。また、二次側蓄電装置３の出力端子２４から供給する電力の電圧は１２Ｖとなる。 (Example)
As shown in FIG. 1, the primary power storage device 2 of this embodiment includes four batteries 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, each of which includes four lithium ion cells. ing. In this embodiment, a lithium ion cell with an output voltage of 3V is applied to each power storage device. As a result, the maximum output voltage that primary power storage device 2 supplies from high voltage output terminal 11 is 48V. Further, the voltage of the power supplied from the output terminal 24 of the secondary power storage device 3 is 12V.

図３に、一次側蓄電装置２が正常に稼働しているときの、電源システム１の構成と動作を模式的に示す。発電装置４からは、図中で矢印Ａから矢印Ｂで示される方向に電力が供給されており、一次側蓄電装置２と発電装置４との間の第一のスイッチ２１が閉となっており、発電装置４は一次側蓄電装置２を充電する。また、車両の運行状況に応じて、一次側蓄電装置２と発電装置４のいずれか一方が、高電圧の電力を要求する負荷に対して給電する。 FIG. 3 schematically shows the configuration and operation of power supply system 1 when primary power storage device 2 is operating normally. Power is supplied from the power generation device 4 in the direction shown by arrow A to arrow B in the figure, and the first switch 21 between the primary power storage device 2 and the power generation device 4 is closed. , the power generation device 4 charges the primary power storage device 2 . Furthermore, depending on the operating status of the vehicle, either the primary power storage device 2 or the power generation device 4 supplies power to a load that requires high-voltage power.

一次側蓄電装置２が正常に稼働しているとき、二次側蓄電装置３と発電装置４との間の第二のスイッチ２２は開となっており、発電装置４から二次側蓄電装置３との間は、直接接続されていない。一方で、一次側蓄電装置２の低電圧出力端子１２と二次側蓄電装置３の出力端子１３との間に配置された第三のスイッチ２３とは閉となっており、また二次側蓄電装置の出力端に設けられた第四のスイッチも閉となっている。これにより、図中の矢印Ｃおよび矢印Ｄで示したとおり、低電圧の電力を要求している負荷に対して、一次側蓄電装置２からも、二次側蓄電装置３からも給電することができる。また、一次側蓄電装置２を経由して二次側蓄電装置３を充電しておくことが可能である。 When the primary power storage device 2 is operating normally, the second switch 22 between the secondary power storage device 3 and the power generation device 4 is open, and the power generation device 4 is connected to the secondary power storage device 3. There is no direct connection between them. On the other hand, the third switch 23 disposed between the low voltage output terminal 12 of the primary power storage device 2 and the output terminal 13 of the secondary power storage device 3 is closed, and the secondary power storage device 3 is closed. A fourth switch at the output end of the device is also closed. As a result, as shown by arrows C and D in the figure, it is possible to supply power from both the primary power storage device 2 and the secondary power storage device 3 to loads that require low-voltage power. can. Further, it is possible to charge the secondary power storage device 3 via the primary power storage device 2 .

一次側蓄電装置２が正常に稼働しているとき、二次側蓄電装置の出力端に設けられた第四のスイッチが開であっても、第四のスイッチが閉である場合と同様に、低電圧の電力を要求している負荷に対して、電力を供給することができる。 When the primary power storage device 2 is operating normally, even if the fourth switch provided at the output end of the secondary power storage device is open, as in the case where the fourth switch is closed, Power can be supplied to loads that require low voltage power.

図４に、一次側蓄電装置２に不具合が生じているときの、電源システム１の構成と動作を模式的に示す。第一のスイッチ２１と第三のスイッチ２３が開となっており、電源システム１から一次側蓄電装置２が電気的に切り離されている。同時に、第二のスイッチ２２は閉となっている。発電装置４から、図中の矢印Ｅで示される方向で電力が供給される。このとき発電装置４から供給される電力は、インバータ４１によって電圧が調整されており、高電圧を要求する負荷と低電圧を要求する負荷のいずれに対しても、給電が可能となっている。また、通常の稼働時に充電されていた二次側蓄電装置３から、給電を行うことが可能である。 FIG. 4 schematically shows the configuration and operation of power supply system 1 when a problem occurs in primary power storage device 2. First switch 21 and third switch 23 are open, and primary power storage device 2 is electrically disconnected from power supply system 1 . At the same time, the second switch 22 is closed. Electric power is supplied from the power generation device 4 in the direction shown by arrow E in the figure. At this time, the voltage of the power supplied from the power generation device 4 is adjusted by the inverter 41, and the power can be supplied to both a load that requires high voltage and a load that requires low voltage. Furthermore, power can be supplied from the secondary power storage device 3 that has been charged during normal operation.

本発明の電源システム１は、通常では一次側蓄電装置２が、高電圧の電力を要求する負荷と低電圧の電力を要求する負荷の両方に、電力を供給することが可能であり、二次側蓄電装置３は、予備の電源として機能する。万一、一次側蓄電装置２に不具合が生じた場合には、二次側蓄電装置３と発電装置４から負荷に対する給電が可能である。このように、本発明の電源システムは、車両における電源を多重化する事が可能であり、高電圧の電力と低電圧の電力とをそれぞれ信頼性高く供給することができる。 In the power supply system 1 of the present invention, the primary power storage device 2 can normally supply power to both a load that requires high voltage power and a load that requires low voltage power, and The side power storage device 3 functions as a backup power source. In the event that a malfunction occurs in the primary power storage device 2, power can be supplied to the load from the secondary power storage device 3 and the power generation device 4. In this manner, the power supply system of the present invention is capable of multiplexing power supplies in a vehicle, and can supply both high-voltage power and low-voltage power with high reliability.

（比較例）
比較例として、電源を多重化していない電源システム１１１の構成を図６に示す。図６の電源システム１１１は、発電装置１０４と蓄電装置１０７とを備えている。蓄電装置１０７は、直列接続されたバッテリ１０７ａ，１０７ｂ，１０７ｃ，１０７ｄを備えており、バッテリ１０７ａとバッテリ１０７ｂとの間に出力端子が設けられている。蓄電装置１０７は、バッテリ１０７ａのみから負荷１０６に電力を供給することで、電圧の低い電力を供給することができる。また、全てのバッテリ１０７ａ，１０７ｂ，１０７ｃ，１０７ｄから電力を供給する場合には、より高い電圧の電力を供給することができる。電源システム１１１は、蓄電装置１０７の全てのバッテリ１０７ａ，１０７ｂ，１０７ｃ，１０７ｄと並列に接続されてバイパス回路を形成しているバランサー１０８を備えており、バランサー１０８は、それぞれのバッテリの充放電制御を行って、蓄電装置の過放電や過充電を防止している。 (Comparative example)
As a comparative example, FIG. 6 shows the configuration of a power supply system 111 in which power supplies are not multiplexed. The power supply system 111 in FIG. 6 includes a power generation device 104 and a power storage device 107. Power storage device 107 includes batteries 107a, 107b, 107c, and 107d connected in series, and an output terminal is provided between battery 107a and battery 107b. The power storage device 107 can supply low voltage power by supplying power to the load 106 only from the battery 107a. Further, when power is supplied from all the batteries 107a, 107b, 107c, and 107d, higher voltage power can be supplied. The power supply system 111 includes a balancer 108 that is connected in parallel to all batteries 107a, 107b, 107c, and 107d of the power storage device 107 to form a bypass circuit, and the balancer 108 controls charging and discharging of each battery. This prevents over-discharging and over-charging of power storage devices.

比較例の電源システム１１１は、簡易な構成によって、高電圧の電力と低電圧の電力を適宜供給することができる。しかしながら、単一の蓄電装置によって電力を供給しているため、万一蓄電装置に不具合が生じたときに、電力の供給が滞るおそれがある。実施例の電源システム１，６１は、より信頼性高く、電圧の異なる電力を供給するとの比較例にない特徴を有している。 The power supply system 111 of the comparative example can appropriately supply high-voltage power and low-voltage power with a simple configuration. However, since power is supplied by a single power storage device, there is a risk that the power supply will be disrupted if a problem occurs in the power storage device. The power supply systems 1 and 61 of the embodiments have features that are not found in the comparative examples, such as being more reliable and supplying power with different voltages.

本実施例で説明した電源システムの構成は、適宜変更が可能である。例えば、要求される出力電圧と電流に応じて、複数のバッテリから電力を供給することが可能である。またスイッチの位置やセルの種類も、適宜変更が可能である。 The configuration of the power supply system described in this embodiment can be modified as appropriate. For example, power can be supplied from multiple batteries depending on the required output voltage and current. Further, the position of the switch and the type of cell can be changed as appropriate.

本発明に係る電源システムは、車両に最も好適に適用される。これに加えて、異なる電圧の電力を供給する任意の産業用機器にも搭載することが可能である。 The power supply system according to the present invention is most suitably applied to a vehicle. In addition to this, it can also be installed in any industrial equipment that supplies power at different voltages.

１，６１，１０１，１１１ 電源システム
２ 一次側蓄電装置
３ 二次側蓄電装置
４ 発電装置
５ バランサー
２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄ，３１ バッテリ
１１ 高電圧出力端子
１２ 低電圧出力端子
１３ 出力端子
２１ 第一のスイッチ
２２ 第二のスイッチ
２３ 第三のスイッチ
２４ 第四のスイッチ
３１ 発電装置
３２ コンデンサ
４１ インバータ
４２ 発電機



1, 61, 101, 111 Power supply system 2 Primary power storage device 3 Secondary power storage device 4 Power generation device 5 Balancer 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 31 Battery 11 High voltage output terminal 12 Low voltage output terminal 13 Output terminal 21 First switch 22 Second switch 23 Third switch 24 Fourth switch 31 Power generator 32 Capacitor 41 Inverter 42 Generator

Claims (7)

車載用の電源システムであって、
高電圧出力端子と低電圧出力端子とを有する一次側蓄電装置と、
二次側蓄電装置であって、補助電源として低電圧の電力を供給する蓄電装置である二次側蓄電装置と、
前記一次側蓄電装置及び前記二次側蓄電装置に電力を供給する発電装置と、
前記発電装置と前記一次側蓄電装置との間に配置された第一のスイッチと、
前記発電装置と前記二次側蓄電装置との間に配置された第二のスイッチと、
前記一次側蓄電装置の前記低電圧出力端子と前記二次側蓄電装置の出力端子との間に配置された第三のスイッチと、を備えており、
前記発電装置が、可変電圧を出力可能であることを特徴とする車載用の電源システム。 An in-vehicle power supply system,
a primary power storage device having a high voltage output terminal and a low voltage output terminal;
A secondary power storage device that is a secondary power storage device that supplies low-voltage power as an auxiliary power source;
a power generation device that supplies power to the primary power storage device and the secondary power storage device;
a first switch disposed between the power generation device and the primary power storage device;
a second switch disposed between the power generation device and the secondary power storage device;
a third switch disposed between the low voltage output terminal of the primary power storage device and the output terminal of the secondary power storage device,
An on-vehicle power supply system , wherein the power generation device is capable of outputting a variable voltage. 前記二次側蓄電装置が、リチウムイオンバッテリ、電気二重層コンデンサ、または電解コンデンサのいずれかで構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の車載用の電源システム。 2. The in-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the secondary power storage device is comprised of one of a lithium ion battery, an electric double layer capacitor, and an electrolytic capacitor. 低電圧の電力を要求する負荷に対して、前記一次側蓄電装置の低電圧出力端子と前記二次側蓄電装置とから並列に電力を供給可能であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の車載用の電源システム。The in-vehicle device according to claim 1, wherein power can be supplied in parallel from the low voltage output terminal of the primary power storage device and the secondary power storage device to a load that requires low voltage power. Power system for. 前記二次側蓄電装置の出力端に第四のスイッチが配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか１項記載の車載用の電源システム。 The on- vehicle power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a fourth switch is disposed at the output end of the secondary power storage device. 前記第四のスイッチが開であるとき、低電圧の電力を要求する負荷に電力を供給可能であることを特徴とする請求項４記載の車載用の電源システム。5. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 4, wherein when the fourth switch is open, power can be supplied to a load requiring low voltage power. 前記一次側蓄電装置に不具合が生じたとき、前記第一のスイッチおよび前記第三のスイッチが開となり、前記第二のスイッチが閉となることによって、前記発電装置からの電力When a malfunction occurs in the primary power storage device, the first switch and the third switch are opened, and the second switch is closed, so that the power from the power generation device is reduced.
を、高電圧を要求する負荷および低電圧を要求する負荷の両方に供給可能であることを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか１項記載の車載用の電源システム。4. The in-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the on-vehicle power supply system is capable of supplying the voltage to both a load requiring a high voltage and a load requiring a low voltage. 前記一次側蓄電装置に不具合が生じたとき、前記第一のスイッチおよび前記第三のスイッチが開となり、前記第二のスイッチが閉となることによって、充電された前記二次側蓄電装置から電力を供給可能であることを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか１項記載の車載用の電源システム。When a malfunction occurs in the primary power storage device, the first switch and the third switch are opened, and the second switch is closed, so that power is removed from the charged secondary power storage device. 4. The vehicle-mounted power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the on-vehicle power supply system is capable of supplying a power source.
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