JP7376678B2 - M1マクロファージを有効成分として含む癌細胞標的型薬物送達体及び光熱治療効果増進用組成物 - Google Patents
M1マクロファージを有効成分として含む癌細胞標的型薬物送達体及び光熱治療効果増進用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
マクロファージの腫瘍細胞に対する走化性を利用した薬物送達システムに対する研究が進められているが、まだ実施可能な技術まで開発されたものはなく、またマクロファージのM1とM2マクロファージに分化を誘導する技術もまだ不足していることが実状である。
n)、ペメトレキセド(pemetrexed)、ゲムシタビン(gemcitabine)、パクリタキセル(paclitaxel)、ビンクリスチン(vincristine)、ダウノルビシン(daunorubicin)、ビンブラスチン(vinblastine)、アクチノマイシンD(actinomycin-D)、ドセタキセル(docetaxel)、エトポシド(etoposide)、テニポシド(teniposide)、ビサントレン(bisantrene)、ホモハリントニン(homoharringtonine)、グリベック(Gleevec;STI-571)、シスプラチン(cisplatin)、5-フルオロウラシル(fluorouracil)、メトトレキサート(methotrexate)、ブスルファン(busulfan)、クロラムブシル(chlorambucil)、シクロホスファミド(cyclophosphamide)、メルファラン(melphalan)、ナイトロジェンマスタード(nitrogen mustard)、ニトロソウレア(nitrosourea)、セツキシマブ(cetuximab)、及びソラフェニブ(sorafenib)からなる群から選択された1つ以上であり得る。
(1)未分化マクロファージにPMA(Phorbol-12 Myristate 13-Acetate)を処理してM0マクロファージ状態に誘導する工程、及び
(2)M0マクロファージにIFN-γ(Interferon gamma)を処理してM1マクロファージに分化誘導する工程。
本発明の一実施形態では、(2)工程において、IFN-γの処理が100~400μg/mlの濃度で24~48時間実行されてもよく、好ましくは200μg/mlの濃度で24時間実行されてもよい。
本発明の他の実現例では、上記の方法は、(1)工程以後にM0マクロファージを3~9日間休止(resting)させる工程をさらに含んでもよい。
本発明において「治療」とは、本発明の組成物及び/又は薬物送達体の投与により腫瘍(癌)の症状が好転又は有利に変更される全ての行為を意味し、「予防」とは、本発明の組成物及び/又は薬物送達体の投与により腫瘍(癌)の発生、転移、又は再発を抑制又は遅延させる全ての行為を意味し、「効果増進」とは、M1マクロファージにロードされる薬物又は光感応物質が単独で用いられる場合よりもM1マクロファージにロードされて利用される場合が、その薬物又は光感応物質が目的とする効果に優れることを意味する。
効果的な光熱治療方法研究のために、分化方法によるマクロファージの類型を異にして効果を確認することにした。M1マクロファージは、抗炎症に関連するマクロファージで、マクロファージをM1マクロファージに分化させるために、まずPMA(Phorbol-12 Myristate 13-Acetate)を処理してM0状態にし、M0状態で6日間休止させた。次に、IFN-γ(Interferon gamma)を200μg/mlの濃度で24時間の間処理した。M1マクロファージで分化を確認するために、iNOS(Inducible nitric oxide synthase)mRNA発現量を確認した。
また、腫瘍の成長及び転移と関連するM2マクロファージへの分化のために、まずPMAを処理してM0状態に作り、M0状態で6日間休止させた。次に、IL-4を200μg/mlの濃度で24時間の間処理した。M2マクロファージへの分化を確認するために、アルギナーゼ1(Arginase1)及びCD80のmRNA発現量を確認した。
その結果、図1に示すように、上記の方法によりM1マクロファージとM2マクロファージに分化されたマクロファージを作製することができた。
PLGA-core gold nanoshellを作製してマクロファージ培養液に入れた後、オービタルシェーカー(orbital shaker)を使用して常温で2時間の間含浸を誘導した。そして、37℃インキュベータ(incubator)内で2時間の間培養した後、浮遊細胞は除去し、付着細胞だけを分離して用いた。
免疫不全のヌードマウスに腫瘍細胞を注入して担癌マウスモデル(tumor bearing mouse model)を作製し、腫瘍周辺部の4ヶ所にそれぞれのルシフェラーゼ遺伝子(luciferase gene)を形質注入(transfection)したマクロファージを注入した。インビボ条件でマクロファージの分裂による移動性を示すように見える結果を除去するために、マクロファージ投与郡、マクロファージ及びマイトマイシンC(mitomycin C)投与郡、M1マクロファージ投与郡、及びM1マクロファージ及びマイトマイシンC投与郡、に区分し、マイトマイシンCは細胞分裂を抑制する試薬として、マクロファージの移動観察にあって細胞分裂による移動を排除するために利用された。マウスに注入した各マクロファージは、インビボイメージング方式を使用して発光イメージ追跡によってその移動性を測定した。イメージング(imaging)は、マクロファージ投与の前後12時間ごとに実施した。
その結果、図2に示すように、分化していないマクロファージを注入する場合、腫瘍(図2に各イメージに表示された赤色の円)の内部への移動に約48時間かかる一方で、M1マクロファージ及びマイトマイシンCの注入時に12時間だけで腫瘍中央部への移動を確認することができた。上記の結果から、M1の類型に分化したマクロファージが腫瘍への移動性に優れていることが分かり、M1マクロファージの利用を介して腫瘍へのより速い薬物(ナノ粒子など)へのアクセスが可能で、腫瘍の中央部まで薬物の送達が可能であることを確認した。
4-1.インビトロで光熱治療効果の確認
マクロファージの類型による光熱治療効果を確認するために、ナノ粒子(PLGA)をロードしたM0、M1、又はM2マクロファージを、各々濃度を異にして癌細胞と同時培養した。次に、レーザを照射して細胞の密度に係る光熱治療効果を確認した(low density:70% confluency、high density:90% confluency)。
その結果、図3に示すように、マクロファージの密度と無関係に、M1マクロファージと癌細胞を同時培養したときに癌細胞の多くが死に、上記の結果から、M1マクロファージにナノ粒子をロードして光熱治療を行う場合、その効果がより優れていることがわかる。
次に、インビボでもM1マクロファージの光熱治療効果増進の機能を確認するために、担癌マウス(tumor bearing mouse)にマイトマイシンCと共に分化していないマクロファージ又はM1マクロファージを注入し、光熱治療を行った後、1日及び4日経過時の腫瘍の大きさを比較した。
その結果、図4に示すように、M1マクロファージを注入した場合、光熱治療後の1日経過時から分化していないマクロファージを注入した場合より腫瘍の大きさが急激に減少し、光熱治療後の4日経過時に腫瘍は取り除かれ、皮膚組織だけが残ることを確認できた。
5-1.M1マクロファージへの光感応物質及び抗癌剤のロード
抗癌剤と光感応物質(PLGA-core gold nanoshell)が混合した混合物を最終濃度1mg/mlで作製した後、抗癌剤試験条件である0.02~62.5ug/mlの濃度に合わせて混合物をマクロファージ培養液に入れた後、オービタルシェーカーを用いて常温で2時間の間含浸を誘導した。そして、遠心分離によって上澄み液を除去した後に取得した細胞だけを用いた。
M1マクロファージが抗癌剤を含浸した後も死滅せずに腫瘍内部に送達できるかを確認するために、互いに異なる濃度の抗癌剤(doxorubicin:DOX)がロードされたM1マクロファージの生存率をMTT試験(MTT assay)によって確認しようとした。M1マクロファージが癌細胞に移動するのにかかる時間を通常12時間とみて、M1マクロファージにPLGA+Doxorubicinを様々な濃度(0、0.02、0.1、0.5、2.5、12.5、又は62.5ug/ml)で含浸させた後、6、12、及び24時間の経過後に細胞生存率を観察した。
次に、未分化マクロファージとM1マクロファージにPLGAとDOXをロードし、薬物送達システムとしてM1マクロファージの効用性を再検証して、M1マクロファージの薬物放出形態を確認するために2種類のインビトロモデル化(in-vitro modeling)試験を行った。
Claims (4)
- (1)単離された未分化マクロファージにPMA(Phorbol-12 Myristate 13-Acetate)を処理してM0マクロファージ状態に誘導する工程と、
(2)前記M0マクロファージに100~400μg/mlの濃度でIFN-γ(Interferon gamma)を24~48時間処理してM1マクロファージに分化誘導する工程と、
(3)光感応物質の最終濃度1ug/mlの混合物に抗癌剤を最終濃度2.5ug/mlとなるように混合した混合物を準備する工程と、
(4)前記M1マクロファージの培養液に前記混合物を入れた後、オービタルシェーカーを用いて常温で2時間の間、M1マクロファージに光感応物質及び抗癌剤の含浸を誘導する工程と、
(5)前記混合物とM1マクロファージとが混合された培養液を遠心分離して上澄み液を除去し、光感応物質及び抗癌剤が含浸されたM1マクロファージを取得する工程と、
を含む、癌細胞標的型抗癌用のM1マクロファージの製造方法であって、
前記光感応物質はPLGA-core gold nanoshellであり、前記抗癌剤はドキソルビシン(doxorubicin)である、癌細胞標的型抗癌剤の製造方法。 - (1)の工程後にM0マクロファージを3~9日間休止させる工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法で製造されたM1マクロファージを有効成分として含む癌細胞標的型抗癌剤組成物であって、癌組織周辺への局所投与用であることを特徴とする、癌細胞標的型抗癌剤組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の方法で製造されたM1マクロファージを有効成分として含む光熱治療効果増進用組成物であって、癌組織周辺に局所投与できることを特徴とする、光熱治療効果増進用組成物。
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