JP7373423B2 - Surveying markers and surveying methods - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to surveying markers such as anti-aircraft markers, and more specifically relates to surveying markers that can be attached to and removed from a tripod, and a surveying method using the same.

When measuring terrain over a wide area, such as creating topographic maps, aerial photogrammetry and aerial laser measurement are the mainstream methods. Aerial photogrammetry involves preparing a stereo pair of two different aerial photographs of the same location, identifying the same object in both photographs, and identifying the object on the photograph. This is a method of determining the coordinates of an object on the ground using differences in position (parallax). On the other hand, aerial laser measurement is a method in which an aircraft flies over the target terrain and measures the reflected waves of laser pulses irradiated onto the terrain.

When conducting aerial photogrammetry, it is necessary to set up a control point that serves as a reference for horizontal position and elevation, and an airborne beacon is installed at that position to measure the photo coordinates of the control point. This anti-aircraft sign needs to be clearly identifiable on the photograph, and for example, a pattern (sign) as shown in FIG. 7 is used. Also, when conducting laser measurements, anti-aircraft markers may be installed at control points.

Until now, anti-aircraft signs had been created and installed on-site using wooden stakes and plywood boards. This work was labor-intensive and time-consuming, the installation accuracy was poor, and once used, it was difficult to reuse or repurpose the anti-aircraft signs. For this reason, several improved techniques regarding anti-aircraft signs have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes an anti-aircraft sign that can be used by being dropped from the air.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-200951

The anti-aircraft markings disclosed in Patent Document 1 do not need to be created or installed on-site, and can be used elsewhere if recovered. However, since the entire structure is supported only by the base plate, it is difficult to install it firmly and stably, and it is also difficult to accurately install it at a control point. Furthermore, as mentioned above, in aerial photogrammetry, it is desirable to have an air-to-air sign that can be clearly identified on a photograph, and in aerial laser measurement, it is desirable to have an air-to-air sign that has a characteristic laser reflection intensity. Not available.

The problem of the present invention is to solve the problems faced by the prior art, that is, it can be installed in a firm and stable state, it can be installed easily, it can be used or diverted elsewhere, and To provide a surveying marker whose pattern etc. can be flexibly changed according to the surveying method, and a surveying method using the same.

The present invention focuses on attaching a surveying marker to a surveying tripod, and making it easier to replace the marker sheet by configuring the surveying marker with a mounting body and a marker sheet. This invention was based on an idea that had never existed before.

The surveying marker of the present invention is a marker used for surveying, and includes a mounting body and a marker sheet. Among these, the mounting body is detachable from a tripod and has a flat surface, and one of the marking sheets is detectable in laser surveying or photogrammetry. Further, the marker sheet can be placed replaceably on the flat surface of a mounting body installed on a tripod.

In the surveying marker of the present invention, the marker sheet may be attached to the flat surface of the mounting body by magnetic force.

The surveying marker of the present invention may also be configured such that the first fitting means is provided at the center of the flat surface of the mounting body, and the second fitting means is provided at the center of the sign sheet. In this case, one of the first fitting means and the second fitting means is a convex portion and the other is a concave portion, and when the first fitting means and the second fitting means are fitted, the mounting The marker sheet can be placed so that the center of the flat surface of the body and the center of the marker sheet overlap.

The surveying marker of the present invention may also include a display means, an output means, and a marker storage means. Among these, the display means is removable from a tripod and outputs a sign that can be detected in laser surveying or photogrammetry to the output means, and the sign storage means stores two or more kinds of signs. It is something to do. Note that the output means outputs one mark read from the mark storage means to the display means.

The surveying method of the present invention is a method of performing laser surveying or photogrammetry using surveying markers, and is a method that includes a mounting body installation step, a marker sheet placement step, and a main surveying step. In the mounting object installation process, a mounting object with a flat surface is installed on a tripod, and in the sign sheet mounting process, a marking sheet that can be detected by laser surveying or photogrammetry is placed on the mounting object installed on the tripod. Place it on a flat surface. In the main surveying process, laser surveying and photogrammetry are performed on the area including the sign sheet.

The surveying method of the present invention can also be a method in which, in the marking sheet placement step, an appropriate color is selected based on the color of the laser light used for laser surveying, and a marking sheet with the appropriate color is placed. .

The surveying method of the present invention can also be a method of determining the coordinates of observation points based on the results of the main surveying process. In this case, in the marker sheet placement step, the marker sheet is placed at an observation point whose coordinates are unknown.

The surveying marker and surveying method of the present invention have the following effects.
(1) Since the mounting body can be attached to a tripod, it can be installed firmly and stably, and can be installed easily.
(2) Since the mounting body can be removably attached to the tripod, it can be used or diverted elsewhere, and the effort of creating it on-site can be saved.
(3) In aerial photogrammetry, a marker sheet is installed that can be clearly identified on the photograph, and in aerial laser measurement, a marker sheet with characteristics of laser reflection intensity is installed, and the marker sheet can be changed flexibly according to the surveying method. can do.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing the surveying marker of the present invention installed on a tripod. (a) is a side view schematically showing the surveying sign 100, and (b) shows the first fitting means provided at the center of the mounting plate and the second fitting means provided at the center of the sign sheet. Plan view. The photograph figure which shows the label sheet replaceably mounted on the flat surface of a mounting body. FIG. 2 is a side view showing a surveying marker of the present invention that displays a marker on a display means. FIG. 2 is a flow diagram showing the flow of the main steps of the surveying method of the present invention. A model diagram showing an example of a round frame anti-aircraft sign. A model diagram showing an example of an anti-aircraft sign.

An example of an embodiment of the surveying marker and surveying method of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

1. Surveying marker First, the surveying marker of the present invention will be explained. The surveying method of the claimed invention is a method of performing laser surveying or photogrammetry using the surveying marker of the claimed invention, therefore, the surveying marker of the claimed invention will be explained first, and then the surveying method of the claimed invention will be explained. That's it.

The surveying marker 100 of the present invention can be installed on a tripod TR as shown in FIG. 1, and of course can be easily installed and removed like a transit, level, total station, etc.

The survey marker 100 has a so-called two-layer structure consisting of a mounting body 110 and a marker sheet 120, as shown in FIG. 2(a). Note that FIG. 2(a) is a side view schematically showing the surveying marker 100. Further, the mounting body 110 includes a plate-shaped mounting plate 111 whose surface (upper surface in the figure) is a substantially flat surface (including a flat surface), and a locking tool 112 for attaching to the tripod TR. Ru. One of the sign sheets 120 is in the form of a sheet and is placed on the flat surface (in the figure, the top surface) of the mounting body 110, and can be placed replaceably as shown in FIG. It is something. In order to place the tags in a replaceable manner, either one (or both) of the placing body 110 and the sign sheet 120 may include a magnet.

The surface (upper surface) of the marker sheet 120 is configured to be detectable in photogrammetry (particularly aerial photogrammetry) and laser surveying (particularly aerial laser measurement). When used for laser surveying, it is recommended to attach a mark (pattern) as shown in the figure and use a reflective sheet that returns (reflects) the laser with a strong reflection intensity. The sign shown in FIG. 6 is obtained by changing the square frame (square frame) of the sign shown in FIG. 7 to a round frame (circular frame). Note that the "round frame shape" shown at the left end of FIG. 6 can be made of one color (plain color) such as white or black. Of course, the marker sheet 120 may be formed of a reflective sheet and provided with a marker (pattern) as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

In the case where the surveying marker 100 is used as an airborne marker, the tripod TR is placed above the control point, and the marker sheet 120 is placed on the mounting body 110 so that the center of the marker sheet 120 is directly above the control point. There is a need. When the mounting body 110 is attached to the tripod TR using the locking tool 112, the mounting plate 111 is arranged so that its center is directly above the control point, similar to a transit, level, total station, etc. However, it is not so easy to place the sign sheet 120 so that the center of the sign sheet 120 is directly above the control point, that is, the center of the sign sheet 120 and the center of the mounting plate 111 coincide. . Therefore, it is preferable to make the sign sheet 120 and the mounting plate 111 the same shape, or to use the first fitting means 113 and the second fitting means 121 as shown in FIG. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2(b), a first fitting means 113 is provided at the center of the mounting plate 111, a second fitting means 121 is further provided at the center of the sign sheet 120, and the first fitting means 113 is provided at the center of the sign sheet 120. By making the means 113 a concave portion (for example, a small hole) and making the second fitting means 121 a convex portion (for example, a sharp protrusion) as shown in FIG. By fitting the fitting means 121, the sign sheet 120 is placed so that the center of the sign sheet 120 and the center of the mounting plate 111 coincide (so that the center of the sign sheet 120 is directly above the control point). That's why. Note that, as long as the first fitting means 113 and the second fitting means 121 are structured to fit together, the first fitting means 113 can be a convex portion and the second fitting means 121 can be a concave portion.

Instead of the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the surveying marker 100 may have a configuration in which a marker (pattern) as shown in FIG. 6 or 7 is displayed on a display means such as a display. The survey marker 100 in this case is configured to include a display means 130, an output means 140, and a marker storage means 150, as shown in FIG. Of these, the display means 130 is equipped with a locking tool 112 (FIG. 2(a)) for attachment to the tripod TR, and its center is located at a predetermined position (for example, a control point), similar to the surveying marker 100 shown in FIG. The display means 130 is arranged directly above.

The mark storage means 150 stores two or more kinds of marks that can be detected in laser surveying or photogrammetry, and the output means 140 displays the marks read from the mark storage means 150 on the display means 130.

The output means 140 can be manufactured as a dedicated device, or can be a general-purpose computer device. This computer device can be configured by a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC such as an iPad (registered trademark), a mobile terminal including a smartphone, or the like. The computer device is equipped with a processor such as a CPU, and a memory such as ROM or RAM, and further includes input means such as a mouse and keyboard, and an output means 140 including a display (display means 130). 130, that is, a mobile terminal such as a smartphone can be used as the display means 130 and the output means 140, and the mobile terminal can be attached to the tripod TR.

The indicator storage means 150 can use a storage device of a general-purpose computer (for example, the output means 140), or can be constructed in a database server. In this case, it can be stored in a local network (LAN: Local Area Network) It can be placed on a cloud server, or it can be stored on a cloud server via the Internet (that is, wireless communication). Note that in FIG. 4, the display means 130 and the output means 140 are connected via a wireless communication means, and the output means 140 and the label storage means 150 are connected via a wired communication means. The output means 140 and the mark storage means 150 can be wired and both can be wired, or both can be wired (or wired).

2. Surveying Method Next, the surveying method of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the flow of the main steps of the surveying method of the present invention, in which a surveying marker 100 is installed on a reference point (for example, a control point) whose coordinates are known, and laser surveying or photogrammetry is carried out. Although an example in which this is carried out is shown, the surveying method of the present invention is not limited to this, and the surveying marker 100 can be installed on an observation point whose coordinates are unknown to perform laser surveying or photogrammetry. Note that the surveying method of the present invention is a method of performing laser surveying or photogrammetry using the surveying marker 100 described so far, and therefore, the explanation that overlaps with the content explained with respect to the surveying marker 100 will be avoided, and the present invention will not be repeated. Only the content specific to the surveying method will be explained. That is, the contents not described here are the same as those explained in "1. Surveying marker."

As shown in FIG. 5, first, the tripod TR is placed on the control point or observation point (Step 10), and the mounting plate 111 is installed on the tripod TR using the locking tool 112 (Step 20). Then, the sign sheet 120 selected in advance (Step 30) is placed on the placement plate 111 (Step 40). At this time, while using the first fitting means 113 and the second fitting means 121, make sure that the center of the sign sheet 120 and the center of the mounting plate 111 coincide (the center of the sign sheet 120 is aligned with the control point or observation point). It is preferable to place the marker sheet 120 so that it is directly above the When selecting the marker sheet 120, select appropriate markers (patterns) such as those shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 in cases where the marker sheet 120 is used for photogrammetry, and appropriate markers (patterns) that strongly reflect the laser in cases where the marker sheet 120 is used for laser surveying. It is best to select one that is made of a reflective sheet that returns (reflects) intensity. The inventors have discovered that the marker sheet 120 can be more easily identified by applying an appropriate color based on the color of the laser used for laser surveying. More specifically, it is preferable to apply a color to the marker sheet 120 that is rotated approximately 90 degrees from the laser color on the color wheel. For example, if the laser color is red, yellow or blue-purple is applied to the sign sheet 120, and if the laser color is green, blue or orange (reddish orange) is applied to the sign sheet 120.

When the selected sign sheet 120 is placed on the mounting plate 111, photogrammetry (for example, aerial photogrammetry) or laser survey (for example, aerial laser measurement) is actually performed (Step 50), and the results are calculated and the target is determined. Obtain results (Step 50). For example, if a survey marker 100 is installed on a control point (coordinates are known), the coordinates of other observation points based on the control point can be obtained, and the survey marker 100 can be placed on top of an observation point (coordinates are unknown). When the observation point 100 is installed, the coordinates of this observation point can be obtained based on other reference points.

The surveying marker and surveying method of the present invention can be used not only for creating topographic maps, but also for land surveying, measurement of finished shapes at construction sites, and the like.

100 Surveying sign of the present invention 110 Placement body (of surveying sign) 111 Placement plate (of placement body) 112 Locking tool (of placement body) 113 First fitting means (of placement body) 120 Sign sheet (for surveying signs) 121 Second fitting means (for sign sheets) 130 Display means (for surveying signs) 140 Output means (for surveying signs) 150 Sign storage means (for surveying signs) TR Tripod

Claims (6)

In markers used for surveying,
a mounting body that has a flat surface and is removable from a tripod;
A marker sheet having the same shape as the above-mentioned mounting body and detectable in laser surveying or photogrammetry,
The sign sheet is replaceable and can be placed in an overlapping manner on the flat surface of the mounting body installed on a tripod.
A surveying sign characterized by: The label sheet is attached to the flat surface of the mounting body by magnetic force.
The surveying marker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sign sheet is formed of a reflective sheet and has a sign attached to its surface.
The surveying marker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In laser surveying using surveying markers or photogrammetry,
a mounting body installation step of installing a mounting body having a flat surface on a tripod;
A marker sheet holder, in which a marker sheet having the same shape as the above-mentioned mounting body and detectable by laser surveying or photogrammetry is placed so as to overlap on the flat surface of the above-mentioned mounting body installed on a tripod. a placing process;
a main surveying step of performing laser surveying or photogrammetry on the range including the sign sheet;
A surveying method characterized by: In laser surveying using surveying markers,
a mounting body installation step of installing a mounting body having a flat surface on a tripod;
a marker sheet mounting step of placing a marker sheet that has the same shape as the above-mentioned mounting body and is detectable in laser surveying so as to overlap on the flat surface of the above-mentioned mounting body installed on a tripod;
A main surveying step of performing laser surveying on the range including the sign sheet,
In the marker sheet placement step, the marker sheet is placed with a color rotated by 90 degrees from the color of the laser light used for laser surveying on the color wheel.
A surveying method characterized by: In the sign sheet mounting step, the sign sheet is placed at an observation point whose coordinates are unknown,
determining the coordinates of the observation point based on the results of the main surveying process;
The surveying method according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that:

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