JP7364436B2 - Magnetic pole direction detection device and magnetic pole direction detection method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a magnetic pole direction detection device and a magnetic pole direction detection method.

Conventionally, there is a method for detecting magnetic poles of a synchronous motor with salient poles while the motor is stopped. Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which when a high frequency voltage with a small amplitude is applied to a motor while changing the excitation phase of the motor, a feedback current value at each phase is measured and the magnetic pole direction is detected from the magnitude. ing.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-130582

However, when the inductance value is on the order of magnitude large, the obtained feedback current value becomes small and becomes susceptible to the influence of noise. Therefore, errors tend to occur in the detection results of the magnetic pole direction, and even if the magnetic pole direction is estimated multiple times, the estimation results vary widely.

One aspect of the present disclosure is a magnetic pole direction detection device (for example, a magnetic pole direction detection device 1 described below) that detects a magnetic pole direction of a synchronous motor having saliency (for example, a motor 10 described below), which a high-frequency voltage applying section (e.g., high-frequency voltage applying section 2, described below) that applies a high-frequency voltage, and an excitation phase changing section (for example, excitation phase changing section 3, described below) that changes the excitation phase of the motor to an arbitrary phase. a drive current detection unit (for example, drive current detection unit 4 described below) that detects a drive current value of the electric motor; and a magnetic pole direction based on the excitation phase and the drive current value under application of the high frequency voltage. A magnetic pole direction estimation section (for example, the magnetic pole direction estimation section 5 described later) that performs estimation, and a variation calculation section (for example, the variation calculation section described below) that calculates the dispersion of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated by the magnetic pole direction estimation section. 6), the variation calculation results calculated by the variation calculation unit are saved, and the variation calculation results calculated for each of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated with applied voltages of different frequencies are compared, and the variation is found to be the most A magnetic pole direction detection device is provided, including a determination unit (for example, determination unit 7 described below) that outputs the magnetic pole direction estimation result corresponding to the small variation calculation result as the magnetic pole direction detection result of the electric motor.

Further, one aspect of the present disclosure is a magnetic pole direction detection method for detecting the magnetic pole direction of a synchronous motor having saliency, which includes a high frequency voltage application step of applying a high frequency voltage to the motor, and an excitation phase of the motor. An excitation phase changing step of changing to an arbitrary phase, a drive current detection step of detecting a drive current value of the motor, and a magnetic pole direction estimation step of estimating a magnetic pole direction based on the excitation phase and the drive current value. and a variation calculation step of calculating the variation of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated in the magnetic pole direction estimation step, and storing the variation calculation results calculated in the variation calculation step, and a variation calculation step of calculating the variation of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated in the magnetic pole direction estimation step, and storing the variation calculation results calculated in the variation calculation step, and a determination step of comparing the variation calculation results calculated for each of the magnetic pole direction estimation results and outputting the magnetic pole direction estimation result corresponding to the variation calculation result with the smallest variation as the magnetic pole direction detection result of the electric motor; A magnetic pole direction detection method is provided.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly accurate magnetic pole direction detection device in detecting the magnetic pole of a synchronous motor having salient poles.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a magnetic pole direction detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the direction of magnetic poles in an embedded magnet type electric motor. It is an explanatory view explaining the magnetic pole direction in a reluctance type electric motor. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between inductance and current time differential value in an embedded magnet type electric motor. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between inductance and current time differential value in a reluctance motor. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing current values with respect to changes in excitation phase. It is a graph showing an estimated magnetic pole direction when applying a high-frequency high-frequency voltage. It is a graph showing an estimated magnetic pole direction when applying a low frequency high frequency voltage. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the current time differential value and the current value when a high-frequency high-frequency voltage is applied. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the current time differential value and the current value when a high-frequency voltage with a low frequency is applied. It is a graph explaining the current value dependence of inductance. It is a flowchart explaining the magnetic pole direction detection method concerning one embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a magnetic pole direction detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The magnetic pole direction detection device 1 of this embodiment includes a high frequency voltage application section 2, an excitation phase change section 3, a drive current detection section 4, a magnetic pole direction estimation section 5, a variation calculation section 6, a determination section 7, It includes a control section 8 and a magnetic pole position detection section 9. The magnetic pole direction detection device 1 is capable of detecting the magnetic pole direction of the synchronous electric motor 10 having saliency with high precision.

The synchronous electric motor 10 whose magnetic pole direction is to be detected is not particularly limited as long as it has saliency. For example, as shown in FIG. 2A, an iron core 12 is arranged on a rotor 11 and a permanent magnet 13 is installed inside. The electric motor 10 may be of an embedded magnet type, or may be a reluctance type electric motor 20 in which only an iron core 22 is disposed on a rotor 21 as shown in FIG. 2B. These electric motors 10 and 20 have different inductances around the rotation axes of the rotors 11 and 21 due to the asymmetry of the iron cores 12 and 22 and the permanent magnets 13 arranged in the rotors 11 and 21. In the following, an embodiment in which the embedded magnet type electric motor 10 is the detection target will be mainly described, and a case in which the reluctance type electric motor 20 is the detection target will also be described as appropriate.

The high frequency voltage application section 2 can apply a high frequency voltage to the rotor 11 of the electric motor 10. The excitation phase changing section 3 changes the excitation phase of the electric motor 10 to which the high frequency voltage applying section 2 is applied. The drive current detection unit 4 detects the drive current flowing through the electric motor 10 by applying a high frequency voltage. The magnetic pole direction estimation unit 5 estimates the magnetic pole direction of the electric motor 10 based on the excitation phase of the electric motor 10 and the value of the drive current detected by the drive current detection unit 4 under application of a high frequency voltage.

The value of the drive current flowing through the motor 10 due to the application of the high-frequency voltage changes depending on the excitation phase of the motor 10 when the high-frequency voltage is applied. By changing the excitation phase θ at 0≦θ≦180° by the excitation phase changing unit 3 and detecting the value of the drive current by the drive current detection unit 4, the drive current value i for the excitation phase θ at the voltage frequency is determined. relationships can be investigated. The excitation phase of the electric motor 10 can be changed, for example, by rotating the rotor 11.

Here, the magnetic pole direction detected by the magnetic pole direction detection device 1 of this embodiment will be explained. As shown in FIG. 2A, the rotation angle of the rotor 11 is assumed to be θ. When the S pole of a magnet is directed at the rotor 11 from the outside, the angular position θ of the rotor 11 that rotates and faces the S pole is called the magnetic pole position (D phase) of the rotor 11, and the rotation center of the rotor 11 and the magnetic pole position The direction of the straight line (D axis) connecting these is the magnetic pole direction. Further, the Q-axis is perpendicular to the D-axis within the rotational plane of the rotor 11.
For example, in the rotor 11 of the embedded magnet type electric motor 10 shown in FIG. 2A, the direction extending along the N-S poles of the embedded permanent magnet 13 is the magnetic pole direction. Further, in the rotor 21 of the reluctance type electric motor 20 shown in FIG. 2B, the long side direction of the iron core 12, which is schematically drawn as a rectangle, is the magnetic pole direction.

As described above, in a synchronous motor having saliency, the D-phase inductance Ld and the Q-phase inductance Lq have different values depending on the asymmetry of the rotor structure. Inductance is an index representing the ease with which magnetic flux passes, and in the rotor 11 of the built-in magnet type electric motor 10, Ld<Lq, and in the rotor 21 of the reluctance type electric motor 20, Lq<Ld.

…（１）
ただし、
Ｌ_０＝（Ｌ_ｄ＋Ｌ_ｑ）／２， Ｌ_２＝（Ｌ_ｄ－Ｌ_ｑ）／２
θ（ｔ）：時刻ｔにおける印加電圧の位相
θ_ｐ：磁極位置
Ｖｓｉｎγｔ：高周波電圧 The magnetic pole direction detection device 1 of this embodiment detects the magnetic pole direction based on the amplitude of a current time differential value (di/dt) obtained by differentiating a current value i with respect to time t. The current time differential value can be expressed as the following equation (1), and changes periodically as the excitation phase θ changes.

...(1)
however,
L ₀ = (L _d + L _q )/2, L ₂ = (L _d - L _q )/2
θ(t): Phase of applied voltage at time t θ _p : Magnetic pole position Vsinγt: High frequency voltage

As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the magnitude of the inductance is inversely correlated with the magnitude of the amplitude of the current-time differential value. That is, in the case of the built-in magnet type electric motor 10, for example, when the amplitude of the current-time differential value takes a minimum value, the inductance takes a maximum value Lq. Further, when the amplitude of the current-time differential value takes a maximum value, the inductance takes a minimum value Ld (FIG. 3A). In the case of the reluctance type electric motor 20, when the amplitude of the current time differential value takes a minimum value, the inductance takes a maximum value Ld. Further, when the amplitude of the current-time differential value takes a maximum value, the inductance takes a minimum value Lq (FIG. 3B).

Therefore, by detecting the minimum or maximum value of the amplitude of the current-time differential value while changing the excitation phase θ with time t so that 0°≦θ≦360°, and outputting the excitation phase at that time, the magnetic pole direction is estimated. can do. Specifically, in the case of the above-mentioned embedded magnet type electric motor 10, when the amplitude of the current time differential value takes a maximum value, the inductance takes Ld. If the excitation phase at that time is θ ₁ , then θ ₁ +n×180° (0°≦θ ₁ ≦180°, n is an integer) is the magnetic pole direction. In the case of the reluctance type electric motor 20, the inductance takes Ld when the amplitude of the current time differential value takes a minimum value. If the excitation phase at that time is θ ₂ , then θ ₂ +n×180° (0°≦θ ₂ ≦180°, n is an integer) is the magnetic pole direction.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between drive current value and excitation phase. Changes in the current value and excitation phase θ are observed over time under the application of a constant high-frequency voltage, and the magnetic pole direction is estimated based on the excitation phase θ when the amplitude of the current-time differential value takes a minimum value.

The current time differential value changes periodically as θ increases, and its local maximum value and local minimum value each appear twice per round. Therefore, by estimating and averaging the values of excitation phase θ related to multiple local maximum values and local minimum values, it is possible to estimate the magnetic pole direction with higher accuracy. Preferably, the direction is estimated. Note that the processing of the plurality of excitation phase θ values is not limited to averaging, and may be processed using other methods.

Although the magnetic pole direction may be estimated by detecting either the maximum value or the minimum value of the amplitude of the current-time differential value, it is particularly preferable to detect the maximum value. This is because the amplitude of the current-time differential value changes more steeply at the maximum value than at the minimum value, so it is less susceptible to noise and the detection accuracy is improved. In the case of the built-in magnet type electric motor 10 where Ld<Lq, the excitation phase that takes the detected maximum value is directly estimated as the magnetic pole direction. In the case of the reluctance type electric motor 20 where Lq<Ld, the magnetic pole direction is estimated to be a phase shifted by 90 degrees from the excitation phase that takes the detected maximum value. In this way, for example, the rotor 11 is rotated S times, and the maximum value that appears 2S times is detected, and the magnetic pole direction is estimated.

The variation calculation unit 6 calculates the variation in the magnetic pole direction estimation results related to the detected 2S local maximum values. This is performed multiple times by changing the frequency of the high-frequency voltage, and the determination unit 7 compares the magnitude of each variation, and detects the magnetic pole direction by using the magnetic pole direction estimation result when applying the voltage at the frequency when the variation is the smallest. Output as result. This makes it possible to detect the magnetic pole direction with high precision. There is no particular limitation on how to take the standard for the magnitude of the variation, and for example, the standard may be the variance of 2S values, or the difference between the maximum phase and minimum phase among the 2S phases may be used as the standard.

FIGS. 5A and 5B show the results of estimating the magnetic pole direction by changing the frequency of the high-frequency voltage. FIG. 5B shows the result when a high frequency voltage having a lower frequency than that in FIG. 5A was applied. Since the current value changes more steeply in FIG. 5B than in FIG. 5A, the detected current time differential value is larger and the variation in the estimated magnetic pole direction is smaller.

When changing the frequency of the applied high-frequency voltage, lowering the frequency causes the current value to increase, making it possible to detect the magnetic pole direction with higher accuracy. This will be explained in detail. 6A and 6B are graphs in which the current time differential value and the change in current value over time are displayed side by side, and FIG. 6B shows the result when a high frequency voltage with a lower frequency than that in FIG. 6A is applied. t ₁ and t ₂ represent the time t corresponding to a half cycle, and i ₁ and i ₂ represent the amplitude of the current i, where t ₁ <t ₂ and i ₁ <i ₂ .

From equation (1), the amplitude of the current-time differential value depends only on θ and inductance, so it remains constant even if the frequency of the high-frequency voltage is decreased. On the other hand, since the wavelength becomes larger as the frequency becomes lower, t ₂ becomes larger than t ₁ . As a result, as the frequency of the applied voltage decreases, the area of the shaded portion of the graph of the current-time differential value increases. Since the graph of the current time differential value is obtained by differentiating the graph of the current value with respect to time, the area of the shaded portion of the graph of the current time differential value represents the magnitude of the amplitude of the corresponding graph of the current value. Therefore, when the frequency of the applied high-frequency voltage is lowered, the current value increases.

On the other hand, if the current value becomes too large, there will be problems such as increased heat generation in the motor 10, so it is preferable to change the frequency of the applied voltage within a range of current values appropriate for the current applied to the motor 10. Furthermore, if the electric motor 10 has a limiter and an upper limit value of the current flowing through the electric motor 10 is set to prevent overcurrent, if the current value becomes too large, it is difficult to accurately control the change over time. Measurement is not possible, and the local maximum and minimum values of the current-time differential value cannot be detected with high accuracy. Therefore, in this case, it is preferable to change the frequency of the applied voltage within a range where the current value is less than the set upper limit value.

When the electric motor to be detected is an embedded magnet type electric motor 10, it is preferable that the magnetic pole position detector 9 can further detect the magnetic pole position. Conventionally known methods can be used to detect the magnetic pole position, for example, the following method can be used. First, an external magnetic field is applied to the electric motor 10 in parallel to the magnetic pole direction detected by the magnetic pole direction detection device 1 . Subsequently, the sign of the external magnetic field is reversed. When the external magnetic field is applied in the same direction as the magnetic field formed by the permanent magnet 13, magnetic saturation occurs, and the inductance decreases compared to when a magnetic field in the opposite direction is applied, resulting in a change in the current value. growing. Using this property, the magnetic pole position can be detected.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, the inductance value depends on the current value, and as the current value increases, the inductance value decreases. That is, the larger the amplitude of the current-time differential value is in the excitation phase, the larger the current value and the lower the inductance, so the amplitude of the current-time differential value becomes even larger. As a result, the amplitude of the current-time differential value changes more steeply at the maximum value than at the minimum value, so it is less susceptible to noise and the magnetic pole direction can be detected with high precision.

An example of magnetic pole direction detection according to this embodiment will be described below using the flowchart of FIG. 8.

First, in the high-frequency voltage application step, the high-frequency voltage application section 2 applies a high-frequency voltage of frequency A to the rotor 11 of the electric motor 10. Next, in an excitation phase change step, the excitation phase θ of the high-frequency voltage is changed by S rotations by the excitation phase change section 3, and in a drive current detection step, the drive current flowing through the motor 10 is detected by the drive current detection section 4. Next, in the magnetic pole direction detection step, the magnetic pole direction estimation section 5 estimates the magnetic pole direction of the electric motor 10 based on the drive current detected 2S times by the drive current detection section 4 and the excitation phase θ at that time. Next, in the variation calculation step, the variation calculation unit 6 calculates the variation in the estimated magnetic pole direction in the applied voltage of frequency A (step S1).

Subsequently, the determination unit 7 stores the variation result σ(A) calculated for the applied voltage of frequency A (step S2). Next, the frequency of the applied voltage is changed to frequency B, a high frequency voltage is applied again, and the variation in the estimated magnetic pole direction in the applied voltage of frequency B is calculated as in step S1 (step S3). Next, the determination unit 7 stores the variation result σ(B) calculated for the applied voltage of frequency B (step S4). Similarly, the variation in the estimated magnetic pole direction for the applied voltage of frequency B is calculated (step S5), and then the determination unit 7 stores the variation result σ(C) calculated for the applied voltage of frequency C (step S6). .

Next, in the determination step, the determination unit 7 compares the three stored variation results σ(A), σ(B), and σ(C) (step S7), and selects the magnetic pole direction estimation result when the variation is the smallest. It is output as the magnetic pole direction detection result of the electric motor 10 (step S8).

Regarding the variation results, for example, the eight estimated magnetic pole directions at frequencies A, B, and C were as follows.
A (40°, 42°, 43°, 61°, 58°, 56°, 42°, 59°) Dispersion 72.4
B (40°, 48°, 52°, 49°, 70°, 50°, 48°, 49°) Dispersion 63.7
C (45°, 48°, 52°, 49°, 60°, 50°, 48°, 49°) Dispersion 17.4
If we take the variance of the eight values as a standard, the variation result σ(A) = 72.4, the variation result σ(B) = 63.7, and the variation result σ(C) = 17.4, so the variation is the smallest at frequency C, and the result of estimating the magnetic pole direction when a voltage of frequency C is applied is output as the result of detecting the magnetic pole direction of the motor 10. The magnetic pole direction θ _C is an average value of 8 values of 50° (rounded to the first decimal place).

As described above, highly accurate magnetic pole direction detection results with small variations can be obtained. Note that if the motor to be detected is an embedded magnet type motor 10, the magnetic pole position detection section 9 applies an external magnetic field to the motor 10 in both directions parallel to the magnetic pole direction after step S8. Furthermore, the magnetic pole position may be detected.

The magnetic pole direction detection device 1, which is one aspect of the present invention, has been described above. According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

One aspect of the present invention is a magnetic pole direction detection device 1 that detects the magnetic pole direction of synchronous motors 10 and 20 having saliency, which includes a high frequency voltage applying section 2 that applies a high frequency voltage to the motor 10, and a high frequency voltage applying section 2 that applies a high frequency voltage to the motor 10. an excitation phase changing unit 3 that changes the excitation phase of the motor to an arbitrary phase; a drive current detection unit 4 that detects the drive current value of the motor; the excitation phase; and the drive current value under application of the high frequency voltage; a magnetic pole direction estimation unit 5 that performs magnetic pole direction estimation based on the magnetic pole direction estimation unit 5; a variation calculation unit 6 that calculates the dispersion of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated by the magnetic pole direction estimation unit 5; The results are saved, and the variation calculation results calculated for each of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated with applied voltages of different frequencies are compared, and the magnetic pole direction estimation result corresponding to the variation calculation result with the smallest variation is selected. A magnetic pole direction detection device 1 includes a determination unit 7 that outputs a result of detecting the magnetic pole direction of an electric motor 10. Thereby, highly accurate magnetic pole direction detection is possible.

The magnetic pole direction detection device 1 further includes a magnetic pole position detection section 8 that can apply an external magnetic field to the electric motor 10 in both directions parallel to the detected magnetic pole direction. Thereby, the magnetic pole position can be detected with high precision.

Further, in the magnetic pole direction detection device 1, the excitation phase changing section 3 rotates the electric motor 10 S rotations (S is an integer of 1 or more). This improves the accuracy of variation calculation, and therefore enables more accurate magnetic pole direction detection.

The magnetic pole direction detection device 1 further includes a magnetic pole direction estimator 5 that detects the excitation phase at which the time differential value of the drive current becomes maximum, and detects the excitation phase when Ld<Lq, and the excitation phase when Lq<Ld. The phase changed by 90 degrees from the excitation phase is estimated as the magnetic pole direction. This improves the accuracy of current value detection, making it possible to detect the magnetic pole direction with higher accuracy.

Further, one aspect of the present disclosure is a magnetic pole direction detection method for detecting the magnetic pole direction of a synchronous motor having saliency, which includes a high frequency voltage application step of applying a high frequency voltage to the motor, and an excitation phase of the motor. an excitation phase changing step of changing to an arbitrary phase; a drive current detection step of detecting a drive current value of the motor; and magnetic pole direction estimation based on the excitation phase and the drive current value under application of the high frequency voltage. a magnetic pole direction estimation step for performing the magnetic pole direction estimation step; a dispersion calculation step for calculating the dispersion of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated in the magnetic pole direction detecting step; and a dispersion calculation step for storing the dispersion calculation results calculated in the dispersion calculation step. The variation calculation results calculated for each of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated with the applied voltage are compared, and the magnetic pole direction detection result corresponding to the variation calculation result with the smallest variation is determined as the magnetic pole direction detection result of the motor. A determination step of outputting a magnetic pole direction is provided. Thereby, highly accurate magnetic pole direction detection is possible.

1... Magnetic pole direction detection device 2... High frequency voltage application section 3... Excitation phase change section 4... Drive current detection section 5... Magnetic pole direction estimation section 6... Variation calculation section 7... Judgment section 8... Magnetic pole position detection section 10, 20... Electric motor 11, 21... Rotor 12, 22... Iron core 13... Permanent magnet

Claims (5)

A magnetic pole direction detection device for detecting the magnetic pole direction of a synchronous motor having saliency,
a high-frequency voltage application unit that applies a high-frequency voltage to the electric motor;
an excitation phase changing unit that changes the excitation phase of the electric motor to an arbitrary phase;
a drive current detection unit that detects a drive current value of the electric motor;
a magnetic pole direction estimation unit that performs magnetic pole direction estimation based on the excitation phase and the drive current value under the application of the high frequency voltage;
a variation calculation unit that calculates variation in the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated by the magnetic pole direction estimation unit;
The variation calculation result calculated by the variation calculation unit is saved, and the variation calculation results calculated for each of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated with applied voltages of different frequencies are compared, and the variation calculation result is the smallest. A magnetic pole direction detection device comprising: a determination unit that outputs the corresponding magnetic pole direction estimation result as a magnetic pole direction detection result of the electric motor. The magnetic pole direction detecting device according to claim 1, further comprising a magnetic pole position detecting section capable of applying an external magnetic field to the electric motor in both directions parallel to the detected magnetic pole direction. The magnetic pole direction detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the excitation phase changing section changes the excitation phase by 360 degrees or more. 3. The magnetic pole direction estimation unit detects the excitation phase at which the time differential value of the drive current value becomes maximum, and estimates a phase changed by 90 degrees from the detected excitation phase as the magnetic pole direction. The magnetic pole direction detection device according to any one of the above. A magnetic pole direction detection method for detecting a magnetic pole direction of a synchronous motor having saliency, the method comprising:
a high-frequency voltage application step of applying a high-frequency voltage to the electric motor;
an excitation phase changing step of changing the excitation phase of the electric motor to an arbitrary phase;
a drive current detection step of detecting a drive current value of the motor;
a magnetic pole direction estimation step of performing magnetic pole direction estimation based on the excitation phase and the drive current value under the application of the high frequency voltage;
a dispersion calculation step of calculating dispersion of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated in the magnetic pole direction estimation step;
The variation calculation results calculated in the variation calculation step are saved, and the variation calculation results calculated for each of the magnetic pole direction estimation results estimated with applied voltages of different frequencies are compared, and the variation calculation with the smallest variation is performed. A magnetic pole direction detection method comprising: a determination step of outputting the magnetic pole direction estimation result corresponding to the result as a magnetic pole direction detection result of the electric motor.

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