JP7364185B2 - Shoring erection method and shoring erection system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a shoring erecting method and a shoring erecting system in tunnel construction.

In the construction of mountain tunnels using NATM, etc., the ground is excavated using mechanical excavation methods or blast excavation methods, and the surface of the ground exposed by the excavation of the ground is closed with shoring. The supports used to close the ground surface include steel supports built along the ground surface, shotcrete sprayed onto the ground surface, and rock bolts installed as necessary. It is equipped with
When erecting steel shoring, workers use a ruler to measure the distance between the laser beam irradiated from the tunnel entrance toward the face and the steel shoring held by the erector as a reference line. The method used was to determine the position of the steel shoring while visually confirming the position of the steel shoring. The positioned steel shoring is connected to the existing steel shoring via tie rods. However, in the conventional method of erecting steel shoring, multiple tasks are required to position the steel shoring, including an operator who operates the erector, and a worker who measures the distance between the laser beam and the steel shoring. staff was needed. In addition, the work was time-consuming because it was necessary to alternately repeat the survey using a ruler and the operation of the erector.

Patent Document 1 discloses a shoring erecting method that makes it possible to save labor when erecting steel shoring. In this method of erecting shoring, targets are attached to at least three locations on the shoring to be erected, a total station that automatically tracks the targets is installed at a predetermined point, and the design value of the shoring and the installation height of the target are entered in the erecta controller in advance. input. Then, each of the three targets is automatically tracked by the total station to measure the distance from the center of the tunnel, and based on the measured distance and the design value of the shoring that was input in advance, the error in the installation of the steel shoring is calculated. Adjust the position of the steel shoring using the erector device so that it is below the predetermined value.
In the shoring construction method of Patent Document 1, the position of the steel shoring is surveyed, the separation distance from the design value is calculated, the steel shoring is moved, and the steel shoring is then moved. Steel shoring is placed in a predetermined position by repeatedly measuring the position and comparing it with the design position. Therefore, it is necessary to repeat the calculation multiple times, and it is difficult to converge the positioning of the steel shoring. Furthermore, since the erector is automatically controlled in conjunction with the total station, existing erectors cannot be used and improvements must be made to enable automatic control. Therefore, it takes a lot of money and effort to repair the erector device.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-138427

An object of the present invention is to propose a shoring erecting method and a shoring erecting system that allow steel shoring to be erected in a predetermined position easily and inexpensively using existing heavy equipment. shall be.

The shoring erection method of the present invention for solving the above problems utilizes a shoring gripping step in which the steel shoring is gripped by an erector, a target setting step in which a target is fixed to the steel shoring, and a total station. a laser irradiation step of irradiating a laser beam toward the center position of the target when the steel shoring is installed at a designed position, and a step of irradiating the steel shoring so that the target is irradiated with the laser beam and a shoring positioning process for moving. The target includes a target plate and a reflective prism provided at the center of the target plate . Operate the erector while checking its position.
According to this shoring erection method, since the operator operates the erector while checking the target, it is possible to position the steel shoring without requiring another worker to survey using a ruler. . Furthermore, there is no need to repeatedly perform the work of surveying the position of the steel shoring and the work of moving the steel shoring. Therefore, it is possible to reduce costs and improve efficiency during shoring construction. Further, since there is no need to add special functions to the erector, the cost and effort required for remodeling the erector can be omitted.

If the erector is equipped with a camera for photographing the target and a monitor for displaying the image photographed by the camera, the operator may check the image on the monitor during the shoring positioning process. Operate the erector. According to this shoring erection method, the operator can confirm the position of the target on the monitor, so even if the operator cannot directly see the target, the steel shoring installation work can proceed. .
Furthermore, if the method further includes a support position confirmation step of measuring the center position of the target of the erected steel support using the total station, the finished shape of the support can be easily managed.
Furthermore, if there is an error between the center position of the target surveyed in the support position confirmation step and the center position of the target when the steel support is installed at the designed position, If the steel shoring is further provided with a shoring position adjustment step for adjusting the position of the steel shoring, the steel shoring can be erected at a more accurate position.

Further, the shoring erection system of the present invention includes a plurality of targets installed on a steel shoring, an erector for moving the steel shoring, and a a total station that irradiates a laser beam toward the center position of a target and measures the position of the target; a camera that photographs the target; and a total station that measures the position of the target. It is equipped with a monitor that displays the moving direction and moving distance of the steel shoring with arrows and numerical values . The monitor is provided at a position visible to an operator of the erector. Furthermore, the shoring construction system of the present invention may include a control means for controlling the erector to move the steel shoring by the moving distance in the moving direction.
According to this shoring erection system, the operator can position the steel shoring while checking the positional relationship between the laser beam and the target, so there is no need to repeat surveying and moving the steel shoring. You can work efficiently without any problems. Furthermore, since there is no need to use a ruler to measure the positional deviation of the steel shoring, it is possible to save labor by reducing the number of workers required for this purpose. Furthermore, the risk of face collapse disaster can be avoided. Additionally, switching the erector's hydraulic mode will make it easier to make fine adjustments to the steel shoring.

According to the shoring erecting method and shoring erecting system of the present invention, the operator positions the steel shoring by operating the erector while visually checking the positional relationship between the target and the laser beam. , steel shoring can be erected with a minimum number of personnel. Therefore, it is possible to easily and inexpensively erect steel shoring at a predetermined position. Furthermore, there is no need to use heavy machinery with special functions as the erector, and an existing erector can be used, which is economical.

It is a front view showing an outline of a shoring erection system of this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an overview of the shoring erection system of FIG. 1. FIG. It is a perspective view showing a target. It is a flowchart which shows the shoring erection method of this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram showing the work situation in the shoring erection method. It is a front view showing an example of a display screen of a monitor.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a shoring erecting method for erecting a steel shoring 2 and a shoring erecting system 1 used therein will be described. The steel shoring 2 is a part of the shoring that is installed to close the surface of the ground exposed by excavating the ground during tunnel construction. In addition to the steel shoring 2, the shoring includes shotcrete that is sprayed onto the surface of the ground, rock bolts that are embedded in the ground as necessary, and the like.

The shoring erection system 1 includes a plurality of targets 3, an erector 4, a total station 5, a camera 6, and a monitor 7, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
The target 3 is installed on the steel shoring 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the target 3 includes a target plate 31 and a reflecting prism 32 provided at the center of the target plate 31. The target plate 31 is fixed to the steel shoring 2 via a pedestal 33. The pedestal 33 includes a fixing part 34 made of an electromagnet and a mounting part 35 for fixing the target plate 31. The attachment part 35 is made of a steel plate and is fixed to the fixed part 34. The mounting portion 35 has an inclination angle relative to the flange of the steel shoring 2 such that the surface of the target plate 31 is perpendicular to the laser beam 51 irradiated from the total station 5 . The target plate 31 is bolted to a mounting portion 35 at a corner of the target plate 31 . The fixing part 34 generates magnetic force by operating a switch, and is fixed to the steel shoring 2 by the generated magnetic force.

The erector 4 is a heavy machine that moves the steel shoring 2, and as shown in FIG. 1, it includes a main body part 41, a traveling part 42, and two erector booms 43, 43. The main body portion 41 is provided with a pilot seat 44 . The main body part 41 is supported by the running part 42. The cockpit 44 is provided with levers and the like for operating the erector boom 43 and the like, handles and the like for operating the traveling section 42, and a monitor 7 is provided at a position that is visible to the operator. There is. The traveling section 42 is a traveling means that travels inside the tunnel. In this embodiment, a so-called crawler-type running section 42 in which an endless belt is wound around a plurality of drive wheels is used as the running section 42 . The type of traveling section 42 is not limited, and may be of a wheel type, for example. A gripping means 45 is provided at the tip of the erector boom 43. The erector boom 43 is extendable and retractable, as well as pivotable vertically and horizontally. The erector 4 grips the steel shoring 2 using the gripping means 45 of the erector boom 43, and moves the steel shoring 2 by operating the erector boom 43.

As shown in FIG. 2, the total station 5 is installed behind the erector 4 (on the mine entrance side). In this embodiment, the total station 5 is installed on a pedestal fixed to an existing steel shoring 2 built closer to the mine entrance than the erector 4. The total station 5 stores in advance the coordinates of each target 3 corresponding to the erection position of the steel shoring 2. The total station 5 irradiates a laser beam 51 toward the center position of the target 3 when the steel shoring 2 is installed at the designed position. The total station 5 also measures the position of the target 3 fixed to the steel shoring 2 after erection. The total station 5 is installed at a position where the distance from the face falls within a predetermined range depending on the progress of tunnel construction. The total station 5 is configured to be able to send and receive data to and from the cockpit 44 via the wireless LAN 52. Instructions such as laser irradiation and survey start can be given to the total station 5 from the cockpit 44. Furthermore, the survey results of the total station 5 can be confirmed on the monitor 7 in the cockpit 44.

The camera 6 photographs the target 3. In this embodiment, the same number of cameras 6 as targets 3 are installed in the front portion of the erector 4. Each camera 6 photographs a different target 3. Image data taken by the camera 6 is transmitted to the monitor 7 by wire or wirelessly.
The monitor 7 displays images taken by the camera 6. The monitor 7 is provided around the cockpit 44 of the erector 4 and is visible to the operator. That is, the operator can operate the erector 4 while visually checking the monitor 7. In this embodiment, a tablet terminal is used as the monitor 7.

Next, a shoring erection method using the shoring erection system 1 will be explained. As shown in FIG. 4, the shoring erection method of this embodiment includes a shoring grasping step S1, a target setting step S2, a laser irradiation step S3, a shoring positioning step S4, a shoring position confirmation step S5, and a shoring positioning step S5. It includes an adjustment step S6.
In the shoring gripping process S1, the steel shoring 2 is gripped by the erector 4 to support the steel shoring 2. The steel shoring 2 is gripped by gripping means 45. In this embodiment, the arch support for the upper half of the tunnel is formed by combining the left and right support members 21, 21. The pair of support members 21, 21 are each supported by an erector boom 43 and bolted together with their tops abutted against each other.

In the target installation step S2, the target 3 is fixed to the steel shoring 2 supported by the erector 4. The target 3 is fixed by attaching the fixing part 34 to a predetermined position of the steel shoring 2 and turning on the fixing part 34 to generate magnetic force. In this embodiment, the targets 3, 3 are fixed at two locations, the lower part (a predetermined height position from the lower end) and the upper part (near the top) of each supporting member 21. That is, a total of four targets 3, 3, . . . are fixed to the top and bottom of the arch-shaped steel shoring 2. The target 3 is fixed so that the distance from the end face of the supporting member 21 is a predetermined value. That is, the target 3 is fixed at a preset position on the steel shoring 2. Note that it is desirable to mark the location of the target 3 on the supporting member 21 with paint or the like in advance.

In the laser irradiation step S3, a laser beam 51 is irradiated toward the center position of the target 3 when the steel shoring 2 is installed at the designed position. Laser light 51 is irradiated from total station 5. The total station 5 may be installed at a predetermined position in advance, or may be installed at the timing of the laser irradiation step S3.

In the shoring positioning step S4, the steel shoring 2 is moved by operating the erector 4 so that the center of the target 3 (reflection prism 32) is irradiated with the laser beam 51. The movement of the steel shoring 2 is performed by the operator of the erector 4 operating the erector 4 while checking the position of the laser beam 51 irradiated onto the target 3, as shown in FIG. If the operator cannot directly view the target 3, the operator operates the erector 4 while checking the image on the monitor 7. First, the steel shoring 2 is placed in an approximate position using the erector 4 (first moving operation). By doing so, the target plate 31 is irradiated with the laser beam 51. Next, while checking the distance between the laser beam 51 irradiated on the target plate 31 and the center position of the target plate 31, the steel shoring 2 is slowly moved, and the laser beam 51 is irradiated to the center of the target 3. (second moving work). When it is possible to switch the operation mode (movement speed) of the erector boom 43 of the erector 4, the first moving work is operated in normal mode or fast mode, and the second moving work is operated in slow mode. When the positioning of the steel shoring 2 is completed, it is connected to the existing steel shoring 2 installed on the mine entrance side via tie rods (not shown), and the legs are fixed as necessary.

In the shoring position confirmation step S5, the total station 5 measures the coordinates of the center position of the target 3 of the steel shoring 2 that has been erected. After the reflective prism 32 is irradiated with the laser beam 51 and the coordinates of the center position of the target 3 are measured, the difference between the measurement result and the designed position is calculated, and it is confirmed that the error is within a predetermined range. The survey results are stored in the total station 5 or transmitted from the total station 5 to other storage means. If the error between the measured value and the design value exceeds the predetermined range, the shoring positioning step S4 is performed again to correct the position of the steel shoring 2. In addition, when performing a position correction, the tie rod for connecting with the existing steel shoring 2 is removed. If the error is within a predetermined range, the position of the steel shoring 2 is finely adjusted (shoring position adjustment step S6).

In the shoring position adjustment step S6, the error in the tunnel crossing direction, the error in the tunnel traveling direction, and the correction direction and correction distance of the height error calculated in the shoring position confirmation step S5 are displayed on the monitor 7, and the correction direction and distance are displayed on the monitor 7. Make final adjustments. As shown in FIG. 6, on the monitor 7, the error correction direction is displayed as arrows 71 and 72, and the magnitude (distance) thereof is displayed as a numerical value. The operator operates the erector 4 based on arrows 71, 72 and numerical values displayed on the monitor 7. In this embodiment, an arrow 71 indicating a longitudinal vector and an arrow 72 indicating a transverse vector are displayed on the monitor 7. The arrow 71 (longitudinal vector) indicates the direction of adjustment in the longitudinal direction (back and forth direction); when pointing upward, the steel shoring 2 is moved toward the face side; when pointing downward, the steel shoring 2 is moved toward the tunnel entrance. move it to the side. The arrow 72 (crossing vector) indicates the direction in which the steel shoring 2 moves up, down, left and right (tunnel crossing direction). Note that the method of displaying the error (correction direction and correction distance) is not limited. For example, the moving distance may be displayed based on the size of the arrows 71 and 72. Further, by changing the color of the arrows 71 and 72, it may be indicated whether or not the error in the position of the steel support 2 is within a predetermined range.

As described above, according to the shoring erection method using the shoring erection system 1 of the present embodiment, the operator operates the erector 4 while checking the positional relationship between the target 3 and the laser beam 51, which improves work efficiency. In addition to being excellent, it is possible to reduce costs. In other words, in the conventional construction method of surveying using a ruler, it is necessary to arrange a worker to install the ruler, but according to the shoring construction method of this embodiment, the operator can perform the work alone. I can do it. Therefore, by reducing the number of personnel, costs can be reduced. In addition, since it is only necessary to move the steel support 2 while checking the position of the laser beam 51 irradiated on the target 3, positioning is performed by repeating surveying, error calculation, and movement of the steel support 2. Compared to conventional construction methods, the workability in the shoring positioning step S4 is excellent. In addition, when performing calculations based on the survey results and repeating the movement of the steel shoring 2, it is difficult to converge the positioning of the steel shoring 2, but according to the shoring erecting method of this embodiment, The operation is easy because the operation is performed depending on the positional relationship between the laser beam 51 and the target 3.

Further, since the operator only needs to perform the work while checking visually, there is no need to add special functions or the like to the erector 4 in order to automatically control the erector 4. Therefore, the existing erector 4 can be used, and the cost and effort required for remodeling the erector 4 can be omitted.
Since the target 3 can be visually recognized via the monitor 7, the steel shoring 2 can be positioned even if the target 3 cannot be seen directly from the cockpit 44.
Furthermore, since the center position of the target 3 of the steel shoring 2 that has been erected is measured by the total station 5, the finished shape of the shoring can be easily managed.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and each of the above-mentioned components can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
The number of targets 3 and the locations at which they are attached are not limited, and for example, they may be fixed at three locations: the top, shoulder, and leg of the steel shoring 2.
The configuration of the erector 4 is not limited. It may be a device for erecting steel shoring, or it may be a composite type device such as a spray machine equipped with an erector boom or a drill jumbo equipped with an erector boom.

In the embodiment, the same number of cameras 6 as targets 3 are installed, but the locations and number of cameras 6 are not limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of targets 3 disposed nearby, such as a plurality of targets 3 disposed near the attachment portions of steel shoring 2, can be detected by one camera. 6, the number of cameras 6 may be reduced relative to the number of targets 3.
The monitor 7 is not limited to a tablet terminal, but may be, for example, a liquid crystal monitor connected to a personal computer or the like.

In the embodiment described above, the case where the position of the target 3 is surveyed in the shoring position confirmation step S5 after installing the steel shoring 2 in the shoring positioning step S4 has been described. You can go anytime. In addition, when surveying the target 3 at any time, the correction direction and correction distance may be displayed on the monitor 7 at any time.
Further, in the embodiment, the position of the steel shoring 2 is finely adjusted in the shoring position adjustment step S6 based on the survey results in the shoring position confirmation step S5, but in the shoring positioning step S4, The target 3 may be surveyed and the steel shoring 2 may be positioned based on the survey result. That is, in the first movement work, after placing the steel shoring 2 in a position where the total station 5 can automatically track the target 3, the target 3 is surveyed, and in the second movement work, the target 3 is surveyed. The steel shoring 2 may be positioned based on the moving direction and moving distance.
The shoring erection system 1 also includes a control means for controlling the erector 4 to move the steel shoring 2 to a predetermined position based on the error calculated in the shoring position confirmation step S5. Good too. That is, in the embodiment described above, a case has been described in which the operator makes fine adjustments to the steel shoring 2 while checking the monitor 7 in the shoring position adjustment step S6, but the error calculated in the shoring position confirmation step S5 Accordingly, the erector 4 may automatically finely adjust the position of the steel shoring 2.

1 Shoring erection system 2 Steel shoring 3 Target 31 Target plate 32 Reflection prism 33 Pedestal 4 Erector 41 Main body 42 Traveling part 43 Erector boom 44 Pilot's seat 45 Gripping means 5 Total station 6 Camera 7 Monitor S1 Shoring gripping process S2 Target installation process S3 Laser irradiation process S4 Support positioning process S5 Support position confirmation process S6 Support position adjustment process

Claims (6)

a shoring gripping step of gripping the steel shoring with an erector;
a target installation step of fixing the target to the steel shoring;
a laser irradiation step of irradiating a laser beam toward the center position of the target when the steel shoring is installed at the designed position using a total station;
A shoring erecting method comprising: a shoring positioning step of moving the steel shoring so that the target is irradiated with the laser beam,
The target includes a target plate and a reflecting prism provided at the center of the target plate,
In the shoring positioning step, an operator of the erector operates the erector while checking the position of the laser beam irradiated to the center of the target. A camera for photographing the target and a monitor for displaying images photographed by the camera are installed in the erector , and
2. The shoring erecting method according to claim 1, wherein in the shoring positioning step, the operator operates the erector while checking an image on the monitor. a shoring gripping step of gripping the steel shoring with an erector;
a target installation step of fixing the target to the steel shoring;
a laser irradiation step of irradiating a laser beam toward the center position of the target when the steel shoring is installed at the designed position using a total station;
a shoring positioning step of moving the steel shoring so that the target is irradiated with the laser beam;
A shoring erecting method comprising: a shoring position confirmation step of measuring the center position of the target of the erected steel shoring using the total station,
In the shoring positioning step, an operator of the erector operates the erector while checking the position of the laser beam irradiated to the target. If there is an error between the center position of the target measured in the support position confirmation step and the center position of the target when the steel support is installed at the designed position, the steel support The shoring erection method according to claim 3, further comprising a shoring position adjustment step of adjusting the position of the shoring work. Multiple targets installed on steel shoring,
an erector for moving the steel shoring;
a total station that irradiates a laser beam toward the center position of the target when the steel shoring is installed at the designed position, and also measures the position of the target;
a camera that photographs the target;
A shoring erection system comprising: a monitor that displays the moving direction and moving distance of the steel shoring with arrows and numerical values calculated based on the captured image of the camera and the survey results of the total station,
The shoring erection system is characterized in that the monitor is provided at a position visible to an operator of the erector. Multiple targets installed on steel shoring,
an erector for moving the steel shoring;
a total station that irradiates a laser beam toward the center position of the target when the steel shoring is installed at the designed position, and also measures the position of the target;
a camera that photographs the target;
a monitor that displays the moving direction and moving distance of the steel shoring, which are calculated based on the captured image of the camera and the survey results of the total station;
A shoring erection system comprising: a control means for controlling the erector to move the steel shoring by the moving distance in the moving direction,
The shoring erection system is characterized in that the monitor is provided at a position visible to an operator of the erector .

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