JP7362456B2 - construction machinery - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to construction machinery.

Patent Document 1 discloses a hydraulic excavator, which is a type of construction machine. In a hydraulic excavator, an upper rotating body is provided vertically above a lower traveling body, and the upper rotating body can rotate with respect to the lower traveling body. A cab (driver's cab) in which the construction machine is operated is installed in the upper revolving body, and an engine is placed on the rear side of the cab. Additionally, a cooler is placed near the engine. The upper part of the cooler is provided with an opening and a lid that can open and close the opening.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2015-183589

In a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is a need to improve the efficiency of cleaning inside a shroud provided in a cooler. In addition, it is required to improve the efficiency of cleaning inside the shroud and to maintain sufficient performance of the cooler.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a construction machine in which the maintainability of a cooler is improved and the performance of the cooler is sufficiently maintained.

In order to achieve the above object, a construction machine according to an aspect of the present invention includes an undercarriage body, an upper revolving body provided vertically above the undercarriage body so as to be rotatable with respect to the undercarriage body, and an upper revolving body which A heat exchanger provided in the vicinity of the engine in the revolving upper structure, a fan provided between the engine and the heat exchanger in the revolving upper structure, and a fan shroud in which the fan is housed in the revolving upper structure. , the fan shroud includes an upper wall that is arranged vertically above the fan and has an upper opening formed therein, and a lower wall that is arranged vertically below the fan and has a lower opening formed therein. . The construction machine has an upper cover that can be attached to the upper wall with the opening blocked, a lower cover that can be attached to the lower wall with the lower opening blocked, and the upper cover and lower cover can be moved together. However, the apparatus further includes a relay part disposed between the heat exchanger and the fan in a state where the upper cover is attached to the upper wall and the lower cover is attached to the lower wall.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a construction machine in which the maintainability of the cooler is improved and the performance of the cooler is maintained.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment, with an upper revolving structure viewed from the right rear side. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the hydraulic excavator according to the embodiment, with the upper revolving structure viewed from above. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the hydraulic excavator according to the embodiment, with the upper revolving structure viewed from the rear side. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a cooler provided in the hydraulic excavator according to the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the fan shroud included in the hydraulic excavator according to the embodiment with the cover assembly attached. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a cover assembly that can be attached to a fan shroud provided in the hydraulic excavator according to the embodiment.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.

1 to 3 show a hydraulic excavator 1 which is a construction machine according to an embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the hydraulic excavator 1 includes a lower traveling body 2 and an upper rotating body 3 provided vertically above the lower traveling body 2 (on the arrow Z1 side). The upper rotating body 3 is capable of turning with respect to the lower traveling body 2 around a rotating axis R that is parallel or substantially parallel to the vertical direction (directions indicated by arrows Z1 and Z2).

In each of the lower traveling body 2 and the upper rotating body 3, a longitudinal direction (perpendicular or substantially perpendicular) intersecting the vertical direction and a width direction intersecting both the vertical direction and the longitudinal direction are defined. In FIGS. 1 to 3 and the like, the width direction of the revolving upper structure 3 corresponds to the directions indicated by arrows Y1 and Y2, and the longitudinal direction of the revolving upper structure 3 corresponds to the directions indicated by arrows X1 and X2. FIG. 1 is a perspective view. In FIG. 2, each of the lower traveling body 2 and the upper rotating body 3 is shown as viewed from vertically above. In FIG. 3, each of the lower traveling body 2 and the upper rotating body 3 is shown as viewed from the rear side (arrow X2 side). 1 to 3 show a state in which the front side (arrow X1 side) of the upper revolving body 3 coincides or substantially coincides with the front side of the lower traveling body 2.

A working device 5 is connected to the upper revolving body 3 . The working device 5 pivots with respect to the undercarriage 2 together with the revolving upper structure 3 . The work device 5 includes a boom 6, an arm 7, and a bucket 8. A base end portion of the boom 6 is rotatably attached to the upper revolving body 3. When the boom 6 rotates with respect to the revolving upper structure 3, the boom 6 performs a raising operation or a lowering operation with respect to the revolving upper structure 3. When the boom 6 is in the most raised state relative to the revolving upper structure 3, the boom 6 extends vertically upward from the revolving upper structure 3. When the boom 6 is in the most prone position with respect to the revolving superstructure 3, the boom 6 extends from the revolving superstructure 3 to the front side of the revolving superstructure 3, and the boom 6 extends from the revolving superstructure 3 toward the front side of the revolving superstructure 3, and Protrudes forward. The base end of the arm 7 is rotatably attached to the distal end of the boom 6. A bucket 8, which is a work attachment, is rotatably attached to the tip of the arm 7. In the hydraulic excavator 1, earth and sand are excavated by the bucket 8 by driving the working device 5.

The upper revolving body 3 includes a base frame 11. The base frame 11 is provided at the lower end of the upper revolving body 3 in the vertical direction. The base frame 11 is formed from the front end to the rear end of the upper revolving body 3. The base frame 11 is formed from one end of the upper revolving body 3 to the other end in the width direction. That is, the base frame 11 is formed from the left end to the right end of the revolving upper structure 3. A cab (driver's cab) 12 is provided on the base frame 11 of the upper revolving body 3. A worker operates the hydraulic excavator 1 inside the cab 12. The cab 12 extends from the front end of the upper revolving body 3 toward the rear side. Further, the cab 12 is lined up with the boom 6 in the width direction of the upper revolving body 3. In this embodiment, the cabs 12 are lined up on the left side (arrow Y1 side) with respect to the boom 6.

An engine 15 is arranged on the base frame 11 of the upper revolving structure 3. The engine 15 is arranged on the rear side of the upper revolving structure 3 with respect to the cab 12. The engine 15 is arranged at the center of the upper revolving structure 3 in the width direction. A cover 16 is provided on the base frame 11 of the upper revolving body 3. Cover 16 covers the outside of engine 15. An engine room 17 in which the engine 15 is arranged is defined inside the cover 16. The cover 16 is connected to the cab 12 from the rear side of the upper revolving body 3. The cover 16 covers the engine 15 from the vertically upper side and from both sides (left side and right side) of the upper revolving structure 3 in the width direction. Therefore, the engine room 17 is formed between the base frame 11 and the cover 16 in the vertical direction. The inner surface of cover 16 is adjacent to the outside of engine compartment 17 . The cover 16 is provided with doors 21 to 23 that can be opened and closed. When performing maintenance work on the engine room 17, etc., an operator opens any one or more of the doors 21 to 23 and performs the work.

A counterweight 18 can be installed on the base frame 11 of the upper revolving body 3. The counterweight 18 is a weight that maintains the balance of the hydraulic excavator 1. In a state where the counterweight 18 is installed on the base frame 11, the counterweight 18 is arranged on the rear side of the revolving upper structure 3 with respect to the engine 15. The counterweight 18 is adjacent to the engine room 17 on the rear side.

In addition to the engine 15, an air cleaner 31, an expansion tank 32, a reserve tank 33, and a cooler 34 are arranged in the engine room 17 inside the cover 16. The air cleaner 31 removes dust and the like contained in the air (intake) taken into the engine 15. The expansion tank 32 stores air remaining in the cooling water for the engine 15. The reserve tank 33 maintains a constant amount of cooling water in a radiator 40 (described later) by discharging or supplying cooling water. Further, the radiator cap 35 attached to the expansion tank 32 keeps the pressure of the cooling water for the engine 15 below a certain level. The cooler 34 cools the engine 15, hydraulic oil, cooling water, and the like. The air cleaner 31, the expansion tank 32, the reserve tank 33, and the cooler 34 are arranged on one side of the upper revolving structure 3, that is, on the left side with respect to the engine 15.

The cooler 34 includes a heat exchanger 36, a shroud 37 that accommodates the heat exchanger 36, and a fan shroud 38 that can be attached to the shroud 37, as will be described later. The heat exchanger 36 includes an oil cooler 39, a radiator 40, and an intercooler 41. The oil cooler 39 cools hydraulic oil for operating the hydraulic excavator 1 . The radiator 40 cools cooling water for the engine 15. The intercooler 41 cools intake air supercharged (compressed) by the turbo. In this embodiment, in the cooler 34, a fan shroud 38 is arranged between the shroud 37 (heat exchanger 36) and the engine 15. The shroud 37 (heat exchanger 36) is provided near the engine 15. Further, the fan shroud 38 is attached to the shroud 37 with no or almost no gap.

Next, the structure of the cooler 34 will be explained. FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing the cooler 34. As shown in FIG. Also in FIG. 4, the vertical direction (the direction indicated by arrow Z1 and arrow Z2), the width direction of the upper rotating body 3 that intersects with the vertical direction (the direction indicated by arrow Y1 and arrow Y2), and the upper rotating direction that intersects with the vertical direction and the width direction The front and rear directions of the body 3 (directions indicated by arrows X1 and X2) are defined. As mentioned above, the cooler 34 includes a shroud 37 and a fan shroud 38.

An internal cavity is formed inside the shroud 37. In this embodiment, the shroud 37 has two pairs of side walls 37A and 37B, and has an approximately rectangular parallelepiped shape with an opening formed in each of the pair of side walls 37A. The pair of side walls 37A face each other across the internal cavity in the width direction of the upper revolving body 3. The pair of side walls 37B face each other across the internal cavity in the front-rear direction of the upper revolving body 3. Each of the side walls 37A extends along the front-rear direction of the upper revolving structure 3 between the side walls 37B. Each of the side walls 37B extends along the width direction of the upper revolving structure 3 between the side walls 37A. The outside of the internal cavity is surrounded by two pairs of side walls 37A, 37B. The internal cavity is adjacent to the inside of the two pairs of side walls 37A, 37B. In this embodiment, openings are formed in both of the pair of side walls 37A (not shown). The openings formed in the pair of side walls 37A communicate the internal cavity with the outside of the shroud 37. Further, the openings formed in the pair of side walls 37A communicate with each other via an internal cavity.

In shroud 37, heat exchanger 36 is housed in an internal cavity. The heat exchanger 36 is formed into a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. As described above, the heat exchanger 36 includes an oil cooler 39, a radiator 40, and an intercooler 41. In this embodiment, an oil cooler 39, a radiator 40, and an intercooler 41 are arranged in this order in the internal cavity of the shroud 37 from the rear side in the longitudinal direction of the upper rotating body 3. The oil cooler 39, the radiator 40, and the intercooler 41 do not prevent communication between the outside of the opening formed in the pair of side walls 37A and the internal cavity. That is, the outside of the shroud 37 and the internal cavity can be ventilated.

Fan shroud 38 has an internal cavity formed therein. In this embodiment, the fan shroud 38 has an upper wall 42, a lower wall 43, and wall portions 44, 45, and 46, and is formed in the shape of a bottomed container with the wall portion 46 serving as the bottom. One surface of the fan shroud 38 opposite to the wall portion 46 is open. The upper wall 42 is arranged vertically above the internal cavity (arrow Z1 side). The lower wall 43 is arranged vertically below (arrow Z2 side) with respect to the internal cavity. The walls 44 and 45 face each other across the internal cavity in the front-rear direction of the upper revolving body 3. Each of the upper wall 42 and the lower wall 43 extends along the front-rear direction of the upper revolving body 3 between the wall portions 44 and 45. Each of the wall portions 44 and 45 extends vertically between the upper wall 42 and the lower wall 43.

The wall portion 46 is located on one side (arrow Y2 side) of the upper revolving body 3 in the width direction with respect to the internal cavity. The interior cavity is surrounded on the outside by a top wall 42, a bottom wall 43, and walls 44, 45. The internal cavity is inwardly adjacent to the upper wall 42, the lower wall 43, and the walls 44, 45. The fan shroud 38 opens toward the side opposite to the side where the wall portion 46 is located. The fan shroud 38 is attached to the shroud 37 from one side (arrow Y2 side) of the upper revolving body 3 in the width direction. The opening formed in the pair of side walls 37A of the shroud 37 and the opening of the fan shroud 38 communicate with each other.

A through hole 46A is formed in the wall portion 46, for example, in a circular or substantially circular shape. The through hole 46A communicates the internal cavity with the outside of the fan shroud 38. The wall portion 46 includes a protrusion 46B. The protruding portion 46B protrudes from the surface of the wall portion 46 that faces one side (arrow Y2 side) of the upper revolving structure 3 in the width direction, and further protrudes toward the side toward which that surface faces (arrow Y2 side). The protrusion 46B is formed over the entire circumference of the opening edge of the through hole 46A. Further, the protruding portion 46B protrudes toward one side in the width direction of the upper revolving structure 3 (arrow Y2 side) over the entire circumference of the opening edge of the through hole 46A.

The fan 52 is housed within the internal cavity of the fan shroud 38 . The fan 52 is arranged at the same or substantially the same position as the through hole 46A in the vertical direction and the front-rear direction of the upper revolving body 3. The fan 52 is disposed at the same or approximately the same position as the wall portion 46 in the width direction of the upper revolving structure 3 . That is, the fan 52 is arranged so as to overlap the protrusion 46B in the width direction of the revolving upper structure 3. The radial dimension of the fan 52 is the same as or smaller than the radial dimension of the through hole 46A. In one example, the fan 52 is arranged so as to overlap the upper wall 42, the lower wall 43, and the protrusion 46B when viewed from the vertical direction. As mentioned above, fan shroud 38 is disposed between shroud 37 (heat exchanger 36) and engine 15. Therefore, the fan 52 housed in the fan shroud 38 is arranged between the shroud 37 (heat exchanger 36) and the engine 15.

An upper opening 42A is formed in the upper wall 42, for example, in a rectangular shape or a substantially rectangular shape. The upper opening 42A communicates the internal cavity with the outside of the fan shroud 38. In one example, the upper opening 42A is formed at a different position from the fan 52 in the width direction of the upper revolving structure 3. That is, the fan 52 is not located directly below or substantially directly below the position where the upper opening 42A is formed. Further, a lower opening 43A is formed in the lower wall 43, for example, in a rectangular or substantially rectangular shape. The lower opening 43A communicates the internal cavity with the outside of the fan shroud 38. In one example, the lower opening 43A is formed at a different position from the fan 52 in the width direction of the upper revolving structure 3. That is, the fan 52 is not located directly above or substantially directly above the position where the lower opening 43A is formed.

The upper cover 50 is attached to the upper wall 42 from the surface facing vertically upward (arrow Z1 side). The upper cover 50 can close the upper opening 42A from the vertically upper side (arrow Z1 side). In this embodiment, the upper cover 50 is formed, for example, in a rectangular shape or a substantially rectangular shape. A handle 51 is attached to the surface of the upper cover 50 facing vertically upward (arrow Z1 side). The handle 51 protrudes further vertically upward (to the arrow Z1 side) from the surface of the upper cover 50 facing vertically upward (to the arrow Z1 side).

The lower cover 49 is attached to the lower wall 43 from the surface facing vertically upward (arrow Z1 side). That is, the lower cover 49 is attached to the lower wall 43 from the inner cavity side of the fan shroud 38. Thereby, the lower cover 49 can close the lower opening 43A from the vertically upper side (arrow Z1 side). In this embodiment, the lower cover 49 is formed, for example, in a rectangular shape or a substantially rectangular shape. A member for maintaining airtightness may be provided on the surface (outer surface) of the lower cover 49 that contacts the inner surface of the lower wall 43. In one example, the outer edge of the lower cover 49 is provided with a packing made of rubber, sponge, or the like.

FIG. 5 shows the fan shroud 38 as viewed from the internal cavity side of the fan shroud 38. FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a cover assembly 47 attachable to fan shroud 38. As shown in FIG. As described above, the fan shroud 38 includes an upper wall 42 in which an upper opening 42A is formed, a lower wall 43 in which a lower opening 43A (not shown) is formed, a pair of wall portions 44 and 45, and a through hole 46A. A wall portion 46 is formed. A cover assembly 47 can be attached to the fan shroud 38 from the vertically upper side (arrow Z1 side).

The cover assembly 47 includes an upper cover 50, a lower cover 49, and a relay section 54 that relays the upper cover 50 and the lower cover 49. As described above, the upper cover 50 is attached to the upper wall 42 of the fan shroud 38 from the vertically upper side (arrow Z1 side), and the lower cover 49 is attached to the lower wall 43 of the fan shroud 38 from the vertically upper side (arrow Z1 side). ). A guide 53 is provided in the lower wall 43 near the lower opening. The guide 53 protrudes from the lower wall 43 vertically upward (arrow Z1 side). In one example, a plurality of guides 53 are provided on the lower wall 43. The plurality of guides 53 are inserted into through holes formed in the lower cover 49 to position the lower cover 49. This positions cover assembly 47 within fan shroud 38. In this case, the upper cover 50 contacts (abuts) the upper wall 42 from the vertically upper side. Note that the upper cover 50 may be attached to the upper wall 42 with screws, fixing pins, or the like.

The relay section 54 relays (connects) the upper cover 50 and the lower cover 49. The upper cover 50 is attached to the relay portion 54 from the vertically upper side (the arrow Z1 side), and the lower cover 49 is attached from the vertically lower side (the arrow Z2 side). As mentioned above, fan shroud 38 is disposed between shroud 37 (heat exchanger 36) and engine 15. Further, as described above, when the upper cover 50 is attached to the upper wall 42 and the lower cover 49 is attached to the lower wall 43, the relay portion 54 is positioned within the fan shroud 38. In one example, the upper opening 42A, the lower opening 43A, and the fan 52 do not overlap when viewed from the vertical direction. Further, the fan 52 is arranged so as to overlap the protrusion 46B provided on the engine 15 side from the upper opening 42A and the lower opening 43A in the width direction of the upper revolving structure 3. Therefore, the relay section 54 is arranged between the heat exchanger 36 and the fan 52.

The relay unit 54 includes a plurality of relay frames 54A to 54C. The relay frames 54A to 54C relay (connect) the upper cover 50 and the lower cover 49. The upper cover 50 is attached to the relay frames 54A to 54C from the vertically upper side (arrow Z1 side), and the lower cover 49 is attached from the vertically lower side (arrow Z2 side). The relay unit 54 relays the upper cover 50 and the lower cover 49 so that they can move together using relay frames 54A to 54C. As described above, when the upper cover 50 is attached to the upper wall 42 and the lower cover 49 is attached to the lower wall 43, the relay portion 54 allows the internal cavity of the fan shroud 38 to communicate with the exterior of the fan shroud 38. Not hinder. That is, the plurality of relay frames 54A to 54C are arranged between the heat exchanger 36 and the engine 15 so that ventilation can pass between the relay frames 54A to 54C. In one example, the plurality of relay frames 54A, 54C are spaced apart from each other.

As described above, in the hydraulic excavator 1 which is the construction machine of the present embodiment, in the fan shroud 38, the upper opening 42A is formed in the upper wall 42 arranged vertically above the fan 52, and the lower opening 43A is formed in the upper wall 42 disposed vertically above the fan 52. , are formed on the lower wall 43 arranged vertically below the fan 52. As a result, when cleaning the cooler 34, for example, even if cleaning liquid or the like is poured into the cooler 34 from the upper opening 42A, the used cleaning liquid, dust, etc. can be discharged from the lower opening 43A. . Therefore, the shroud 37 and fan shroud 38 are efficiently cleaned. Further, in the present embodiment, the fan shroud 38 is disposed on the engine 15 side with respect to the shroud 37, and the outside of the cooler 34 is connected to the cooler through an opening formed in the shroud 37. It communicates with the inside of 34. Therefore, by introducing air using the fan 52, for example, the cooler 34 can cool the heat exchanger 36 (oil cooler 39, radiator 40, intercooler 41) and the engine 15. Therefore, in this embodiment, a construction machine (hydraulic excavator 1) is provided in which the maintainability of the cooler 34 is improved and the performance of the cooler 34 is maintained.

In this embodiment, the upper cover 50 and the lower cover 49 are relayed by the relay unit 54 so that they can move together. Therefore, for example, when removing the lower cover 49 from the lower wall 43, the lower cover 49 can be easily removed (pulled out) from the lower wall 43 by removing (pulling out) the upper cover 50 vertically upward. Further, since the upper cover 50 and the lower cover 49 move together, the upper cover 50 and the lower cover 49 can be removed at the same time. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the time and effort required to remove the upper cover 50 and the lower cover 49. Further, a handle 51 is attached to the vertically upper side (arrow Z1 side) of the upper cover 50. Therefore, the upper cover 50 can be more easily removed from the upper wall 42, and the lower cover 49 can also be more easily removed from the lower wall 43.

In this embodiment, a guide 53 is provided near the lower opening formed in the lower wall 43 of the fan shroud 38. The guide 53 positions the lower cover 49 by being inserted into a through hole formed in the lower cover 49, for example. As such, the lower cover 49 is placed in the appropriate position on the lower wall 43 and the cover assembly 47 comprising the lower cover 49 is also placed in the appropriate position within the fan shroud 38.

In this embodiment, the plurality of relay frames 54A to 54C included in the relay unit 54 are arranged apart from each other. Therefore, even if the cover assembly 47 is attached to the fan shroud 38, the introduction of air by the fan 52, for example, is not hindered, and the cooler 34 is connected to the heat exchanger 36 (oil cooler 39, radiator 40, intercooler 41), etc. This does not prevent the engine 15 from being cooled. That is, the performance of the cooler 34 can be maintained.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention at the implementation stage. Moreover, each embodiment may be implemented by appropriately combining them as much as possible, and in that case, the combined effects can be obtained. Further, the embodiments described above include inventions at various stages, and various inventions can be extracted by appropriately combining the plurality of disclosed constituent elements.

2... Lower traveling body, 3... Upper rotating body, 15... Engine, 36... Heat exchanger, 38... Fan shroud, 42... Upper wall, 42A... Upper opening, 43... Lower wall, 43A... Lower opening, 49... Lower Cover, 50...Top cover, 52...Fan, 54...Relay part, 54A to 54C...Relay frame.

Claims (2)

a lower running body;
an upper rotating body provided vertically above the lower traveling body so as to be able to rotate with respect to the lower traveling body;
an engine provided in the upper revolving body;
a heat exchanger provided near the engine in the upper revolving body;
a fan provided between the engine and the heat exchanger in the upper rotating body; a fan shroud in which the fan is housed in the upper rotating body;
Equipped with
The fan shroud is
an upper wall arranged vertically above the fan and having an upper opening formed therein;
a lower wall arranged vertically below the fan and having a lower opening formed therein;
Equipped with
an upper cover that can be attached to the upper wall while blocking the upper opening;
a lower cover that can be attached to the lower wall while blocking the lower opening;
The heat exchanger and the fan are connected in a state where the upper cover and the lower cover are movable together, the upper cover is attached to the upper wall, and the lower cover is attached to the lower wall. a relay section disposed between the
A construction machine further comprising : The relay section includes a plurality of relay frames arranged apart from each other, and allows ventilation between the plurality of relay frames between the heat exchanger and the engine.
The construction machine according to claim 1 .