JP7344515B2 - Mat for recovery work of derailed vehicles - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a mat used for recovery work for jacking up various heavy track maintenance vehicles such as multiple tie tampers and returning them to the rails when they are derailed.

Various types of track maintenance work vehicles, such as multiple tie tampers, are used for maintenance work on railway tracks, such as tamping the track bed and straightening the track. These vehicles are equipped with equipment for not only driving but also performing various tasks, and all of them have considerable weight. On the other hand, this type of track maintenance vehicle has a higher probability of derailment than normal commercial vehicles because it often has to enter abnormal tracks such as those buried in snow or dirt. This is the reality, and as a result, recovery drills are often conducted based on the scenario of derailment.

To recover from a derailment, it is necessary to lift the vehicle with a jack or other means and return it to the rails, and many track maintenance vehicles are pre-equipped with outriggers and jacks in preparation for such situations. Of course, there are also cases where regular jacks are used to jack up track maintenance vehicles that have derailed. In any case, the work will be carried out by placing these jacks on the roadbed next to the tracks. If the area where the jack is installed is made of gravel or crushed stone, the top surface of the roadbed (ballast) is not flat, so-called uneven ground, and it is difficult to stand the jack stably. Therefore, conventionally, the surface of the ballast is leveled as much as possible with a rake or shovel, and spacers such as wood (also called packing at track maintenance sites) are stacked on top of it to match the height of the insertion space before the jack is activated. A working method is adopted.

Since it takes a lot of effort and time to carefully smooth out the uneven surfaces of crushed stones, an alternative would be to fill the spaces between the crushed stones and the hollows with sand or soil to level the surface. However, considering the removal of the earth and sand after the fact, it is not possible to compact it firmly, so the reality is that there is almost no bearing capacity in the earth and sand, and it is not very effective in stably supporting the jack. Not only will you not be able to see the soil, but if the soil is not completely removed after work, it will cause problems such as weeds growing later on.

Another option is to fill an ordinary cloth bag or jute bag with sand or soil and place it on top of the crushed stone, but although this method is temporarily effective, it becomes quite heavy depending on what is packed, and it is difficult for the worker to use it. It's a burden. In addition, jute bags and regular cloth bags have the problem of being easily torn due to the sharp parts of the crushed stone, making them impossible to use repeatedly.

To provide a mat that is lightweight and easy to carry, is not easily torn by sharp parts such as crushed stones forming the ballast, improves the efficiency of derailment recovery work, and can be used repeatedly. The purpose is to

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mat that is inserted between a jack for pushing up a derailed vehicle and a ballast made of crushed stone on which the rails on which the vehicle runs are installed, the mat being a fluid mat. The bag is composed of a certain powder or granular material and a bag filled with the powder or granular material and whose shape changes depending on the flow of the powder or granular material, and the bag does not break due to the load when the jack pushes up the vehicle. In addition to having a strong structure, the powder particles move to locations corresponding to the concave portions of the ballast, and the thickness of the locations corresponding to the concave portions becomes thicker, and the powder particles move from the locations corresponding to the convex portions of the ballast. This is a mat for recovery work for a derailed vehicle, characterized in that the mat is configured so that the top surface becomes flat as the body moves and the thickness of the portion corresponding to the convex portion becomes thinner.

In the present invention, the bag may be made of para-aramid resin fibers or high-strength polyethylene fibers.

In the present invention, the bag may be provided with a waterproof coating or a water-repellent coating.

In the present invention, the powder may be composed of at least one of lightweight sand, perlite, and volcanic ash, or a mixture of two or more of them, and at least one of synthetic resin pellets.

In the present invention, a rubber sheet is provided on a lower surface of the bag opposite to the upper surface of the ballast, and the powder is filled in the bag while being isolated from the rubber sheet. good.

The mat according to the invention is placed on the ballast in the vicinity of a derailed vehicle when the vehicle is being restored to the rails. Because ballast is made of crushed stone, its surface is often sloping rather than flat, and the heads of the bolts that secure the rails may even protrude. Since the mat according to the present invention is constructed by filling a bag with fluid powder, it deforms to follow the irregularities of the ballast surface caused by crushed stones, bolts, etc. In this state, the surface of the mat is leveled by hand or the like. The powder itself has fluidity, and the bag changes shape to match the powder, so the powder located in the area corresponding to the convex part of the ballast moves to the part corresponding to the concave part of the ballast. and fill in the recess. As a result, the bottom surface of the mat is uneven along the surface of the ballast, but the surface (top surface) is nearly flat. Further, when the ballast surface is inclined, the powder inside the bag is moved to the lower side of the ballast, thereby making the surface of the mat nearly horizontal. Next, a spacer or packing such as a wooden block is placed on the mat, and a lifting device such as a jack is erected on top of the spacer or packing. Since the surface of the mat is almost horizontal, the lifting device such as a jack stands up almost along a vertical line, and the load when pushing up a derailed vehicle is applied straight (along the vertical direction) to the lifting device. As a result, it is possible to avoid a situation where the lifting device such as a jack becomes unstable.

When a vehicle is pushed up using a jack or other lifting device, a large load is applied to the mat, and the surface of the ballast is uneven due to crushed stones. Even if the bag is hit by a corner of the bag, breakage of the bag, such as a large amount of powder inside the bag flowing out, can be avoided. In addition, a compressive load is applied to the mat, and since the powder and granules have fluidity, a load that expands in the lateral direction acts on the mat, but as mentioned above, the bag has high strength. This avoids the occurrence of rupture due to expansion (rupture of the bag due to a large amount of internal powder flowing out).

When the restoration work is completed by moving the vehicle onto the rails, the lifting device such as a jack and the spacer or packing are removed and recovered, and the mat is also recovered. Therefore, it is possible to avoid a situation where granular materials such as sand remain in the ballast or get stuck in the gaps between crushed stones. Furthermore, since the powder and granular materials such as sand can be transported and installed while being filled in bags, that is, as mats, the present invention not only makes it possible to omit work such as leveling the surface of the ballast. This makes it easier to handle the mat (powder and granules), which in turn makes it easier and faster or more efficient to restore a derailed vehicle.

In addition, in the present invention, when synthetic resin pellets are used as the granular material, even if the granular material is deformed by the load associated with the pushing up of the vehicle, the granular material will be crushed or abraded and become fine powder. There are very few things. Therefore, it is possible to avoid or suppress a situation in which the granular powder leaks out of the bag and deteriorates the working environment.

Furthermore, in the present invention, since the rubber sheet is arranged on the lower side facing the surface of the ballast, the load associated with pushing up the vehicle is dispersed by the rubber sheet, so even if the ballast is soft and tends to sink. Extreme sinking of only the portion where the lifting device is placed is avoided or alleviated. As a result, the bending and tension around the sunken parts of the mat are smaller than when no rubber sheet is used, which suppresses breakage and cracking of the bag and improves the overall durability of the mat. be able to.

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a mat according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a side view showing a state in which the mat is leveled on the upper surface of the ballast. It is an explanatory view showing the situation where the track maintenance work vehicle is jacked up using the mat. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows a mat 1 which is an embodiment of the present invention. The mat 1 shown here is used to create a horizontal flat surface on which to install a jack to lift a derailed vehicle (for example, a track maintenance work vehicle), and contains a fluid powder 3 inside a bag 2. Filled and configured. The contour shape of the mat 1 may be any suitable shape as required, such as a circle, a rectangle, or a square. In consideration of manufacturability, ease of handling, storage, etc., a rectangular or square shape is preferable. In short, the size only needs to be somewhat larger than the bottom surface of the jack or the spacer (or packing) interposed below the jack, and as an example, the length and width each need only be about 300 mm (about 300 mm x 300 mm). Further, the thickness of the mat 1 may be approximately 50 mm to 100 mm. Here, the "thickness" is the maximum value or average value of the dimension in the height direction measured when the mat 1 is placed horizontally and the granular material 3 inside is evenly leveled. In other words, the inside of the bag 2 is filled with enough powder 3 to have the above-mentioned thickness when placed horizontally.

The mat 1 is not only subjected to compressive loads caused by pushing up the derailed vehicle, but also shear loads due to being pressed against crushed stones and sharp corners such as the heads of bolts fixing the rails, and the bags 2 are subjected to expansion. subject to tensile loads caused by trying to The bag 2 is constructed with high strength so that it will not break even under such a load. Here, "rupture" means that an opening is created to the extent that a large amount of the powder or granular material 3 inside flows out, and some of the fibers that make up the bag 2 are cut, or the powder or granular material 3 inside is cut. This does not include damage to the extent that there is a hole that slightly spills out. Furthermore, since the bag 2 is one of the factors that determines the weight of the mat 1, it is preferable that the bag 2 be as light as possible without sacrificing strength. Therefore, the bag 2 is made of high-strength fibers, and examples of this kind of fibers include para-aramid resin fibers (aromatic polyamide resin fibers) such as Kevlar (registered trademark), Izanas (registered trademark), etc. It is a high-strength polyethylene fiber. These fibers have a tensile strength more than five times that of steel wire of the same weight, are also called super fibers, and are also used as reinforcement materials for FRP structures. Cloths made from super fibers are also resistant to sharp knives and are known as ``safety cloths.'' Moreover, it is preferable that the fibers constituting the bag 2 have elasticity. This is to suppress the fact that when a large load is applied to the mat 1, it deforms to a certain extent so as to follow the shape of its surroundings, thereby preventing a large load from acting locally or breaking. Further, it is preferable that the bag 2 is made of woven fibers so as to allow such slight deformation.

In addition, it is preferable that the surface of the cloth of the bag 2 is coated with an appropriate paint so that the powder 3 inside does not leak out from the cloth grains. Further, in order to ensure the fluidity of the powder 3 and to avoid an increase in weight, it is preferable to form a waterproof coating or a water-repellent coating on the surface of the bag 2 by painting or the like.

To explain the powder and granular material 3 filled in the bag 2, when the powder and granular material 3 is confined inside the bag 2 and subjected to a load over a wide area, the particles strongly contact each other or mesh with each other to maintain their shape. As a result, it acts to support a load, and when a load or external force is small and acts locally, it flows and changes its shape as a whole. Therefore, the filling amount for the bag 2 is set as described above so that such flow is possible. In addition, the particle size of the powder material 3 is set to a particle size that provides sufficient load support without impairing fluidity; for example, the average particle size is about 0.5 mm to 1.3 mm; The bulk specific gravity is about 0.15 to 0.21 (average value is 0.18).

This type of granular material 3 may be river sand or sea sand, but it is preferable to use a granular material 3 with a small specific gravity in order to facilitate handling on site. Examples of the lightweight granular material 3 include so-called lightweight sand, "perlite" commercially available for use in gardening, granular pumice, volcanic ash, and the like. All of them have good fluidity, which makes them easy to adapt to various surrounding shapes, and they are lightweight.

Perlite is a granular gravel made by firing and expanding glassy volcanic rock, and its chemical composition is amorphous alumina silicate quartz. It is extremely lightweight, with a true specific gravity of about 2.3 and a bulk specific gravity of about 0.1 to 0.5. It is not toxic to humans or the environment, so it is safe to handle or spill. Furthermore, volcanic ash has the property of temporarily solidifying when compressed, and therefore is preferable as the powder 3 in the present invention.

Further, the powder 3 in the present invention may be made of synthetic resin. For example, synthetic resin pellets used as raw materials for injection molding of synthetic resin products can be used as the powder 3. This type of granular material 3 may be, for example, a granular material 3 with a particle size of about 3 mm, which is a mixture of polypropylene and calcium carbonate at a volume ratio of 94:6.

The mat according to the present invention is, for example, a cushion-like cloth bag made of para-aramid fiber and measuring about 300 mm x 300 mm, filled with perlite to a thickness of about 30 mm, and its weight is about 3 kg. This can speed up the work at the site and sufficiently contribute to reducing the burden on the workers.

The method of use and function of the above mat 1 will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. Since the filling rate of the granular material 3 in the bag 2 is much less than 100%, for example, when the bag 2 is hung by the handle 4 shown in FIG. 1, the granular material 3 will accumulate at the bottom of the bag 2. In this suspended state, the mat 1 has a rounded rod shape and does not have a flat surface. Here, the filling rate is the ratio of the volume of the powder or granular material 3 to the volume of the bag 2 when the bag 2 is inflated to the maximum extent. To give one practical example, the filling rate is about 60% to 80%.

When the mat 1 is placed on the upper surface of the ballast B of crushed stone, the pile of powder and granules 3 accumulated at the bottom of the bag 2 collapses, and the powder and granules 3 flow to follow the upper surface of the ballast B. Since the granular material 3 is essentially a collection of individuals, it is in a state where many of them are gathered in the original pile. When the surface of the mat 1 is stroked horizontally with a hand or a stick to level it out, the powder 3 moves inside the bag 2 due to its fluidity. FIG. 2 schematically shows a state in which the powder or granular material 3 is leveled, and the part of the powder or granular material 3 corresponding to the convex part on the upper surface of the ballast B is moved in the horizontal direction (stroking direction) from the part corresponding to the convex part. , the thickness of the mat 1 in that part becomes thinner, and in the part corresponding to the recess, the particulate material 3 moves so that the particulate material 3 enters the recess, and the part corresponding to the recess becomes thinner. The thickness of mat 1 becomes thicker. As a result, the lower surface of the mat 1 becomes an uneven surface that follows the upper surface of the ballast B, whereas the upper surface of the mat 1 is flattened. That is, by leveling the powder 3 horizontally, a horizontal flat surface can be created on the upper surface of the ballast B. In addition, when the upper surface of the ballast B is inclined, a large amount of the powder 3 is moved downward in the direction of inclination, so that the upper surface of the mat 1 can be made into a nearly horizontal flat surface.

Arrange the mat 1 as described above at each of multiple locations (for example, 4 locations) where jacks (lifting devices) are to be installed, and place the first spacer 5 on top of it to ensure that it is level. Make sure. The spacer 5 is a wooden flat block provided to widen the area of the mat 1 that receives a load (pressure receiving area). If it is not level, level the surface of Mat 1 to make it level. Since the powder 3 in the bag 2 has good fluidity, it can be easily leveled horizontally. Further, a necessary number of spacers 5 are added so that the vehicle body 7 is lifted higher than the upper surface of the rail R when the jack 6 is extended, and the lower surface of the jack 6 is abutted thereon. Therefore, since the jack 6 is installed on a horizontal surface, it stands upright in the vertical direction.

In this state, the vehicle body 7 is lifted by supplying pressure fluid such as hydraulic pressure to the jack 6 to extend the rod. In that case, the mat 1 may deform to sink, but since the granular material 3 inside the bag 2 moves slightly according to the load, the spacer 5 and jack 6 sink while maintaining their horizontal position. That is, the load due to lifting (pushing up) the vehicle body 7 acts on the jack 6 and the spacer 5 in the vertical direction, and therefore the jack 6 is stably held by the mat 1.

After jacking up the car body 7 so that the wheels 8 of the derailed vehicle float above the upper surface of the rail R by a predetermined distance h, if necessary, move the car horizontally and lower it onto the rail R, the derailed track can be recovered. Recovery work on work vehicles has been completed. When the goal is to complete the derailment recovery work within 30 minutes, using the above-mentioned mat 1 according to the present invention not only makes it easy to transport due to its light weight, but also allows the mat to be easily transported on the ballast B. Leveling the top surface horizontally is easy and quick to achieve this goal. Note that in FIG. 3, the symbol S indicates a sleeper.

After the vehicle is moved onto the rail R and the restoration work is completed, the jack 6 and spacer 5 are removed from the top of the mat 1 and recovered, and the mat 1 is also recovered. As mentioned above, the bag 2 of the mat 1 is constructed to be strong enough not to break even when subjected to the load associated with jacking up a vehicle, so that by simply pulling up the bag 2 with the handle 4, the powder and granules 3 inside it can be removed. It can be lifted up and collected. Therefore, according to the above-mentioned mat 1 according to the present invention, the granular material 3 such as sand may get into between the crushed stones, it becomes necessary to collect the granular material 3, and furthermore, the granular material 3 such as sand may get between the crushed stones. It is possible to prevent weeds from growing from the sand remaining in between. As a result, the derailment recovery work can be made faster and more efficient. Furthermore, the powder 3 is not disposable, but can be reused as the mat 1.

When a derailed vehicle is pushed up as described above, the load is applied to the granular material 3, and the granular material 3 is not only compressed but also flows as the particles rub against each other. In this case, if the granular material 3 is composed mainly of synthetic resin pellets, even if the particles of the granular material 3 may be deformed, they will hardly be crushed into pieces. Therefore, by making the granular material 3 made of such a synthetic resin, it is possible to avoid or suppress the granular material 3 turning into powder and leaking out of the bag 2, and the working environment being deteriorated due to this. I can do it.

The examples shown in Figures 2 and 3 above are examples where ballast B has sufficient strength, but due to factors such as insufficient tamping of the ground, the compressive strength of ballast B is If there is a partial shortage and the mat 1 or jack 6 is placed on top of it to lift the vehicle up, the mat 1 may sink together with the ballast B. In preparation for such a situation, it is preferable to have a configuration that includes a rubber sheet. The rubber sheet is for preventing or suppressing a part of the mat 1 from sinking together with the ballast B, or from stress concentration at that time, and is intended to prevent or suppress a part of the mat 1 from sinking together with the ballast B, and is intended to prevent or suppress a part of the mat 1 from sinking together with the ballast B. It is preferable to provide it on the side. This rubber sheet may be placed inside the bag 2 together with the powder 3, but in order to prevent the powder 3 from getting between the rubber sheet and the ballast B, It is preferable to configure the bag 3 to be separated from the granular material 3. An example of this is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, a partition plate 9 is inserted inside the bag 2, and the partition plate 9 divides the inside of the bag 2 into two chambers. Since the partition plate 9 is for dividing the inside of the bag 2 into two chambers, it is made of a flexible material that easily deforms and restores itself under load, and is made of the same cloth as the bag 2. There may be. Therefore, the partition plate 9 has substantially the same outline as the bag 2, and is sewn to the bag 2 over its entire circumference. Among the empty chambers partitioned by the partition plate 9 inside the bag 2, the upper chamber, which is the upper side during use, is filled with powder 3 such as synthetic resin pellets. The granular material 3 may be as described above.

On the other hand, a rubber sheet 10 is arranged in a lower chamber which is the lower side (the lower side facing the upper surface of the ballast B) during use among the empty spaces partitioned by the partition plate 9 inside the bag 2. That is, the powder 3 and the rubber sheet 10 are housed inside the bag 2 in a state where they are separated from each other. The rubber sheet 10 is a board made of synthetic rubber that is as large as possible and can be stored inside the lower chamber, and has a thickness or strength that allows it to be elastically deformed without breaking under the load when the vehicle is pushed up by the jack 6. have been adopted. More specifically, it is a sheet material with a thickness of about several mm. Other configurations in the example shown in FIG. 4 may be the same as those in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In addition, in this invention, the structure which divides the powder 3 and the rubber sheet 10 into two stages, and accommodates them in the bag 2 without providing the said partition plate 9 may be sufficient. Further, in the present invention, the rubber sheet 10 may not be placed in the bag 2, but may be attached to the bottom side of the bag 2 while being covered with a protective material such as cloth.

Even with the mat 1 configured as shown in FIG. 4, as shown in FIG. Push it up using the jack 6. In that case, if the ballast B cannot withstand the load and sinks, the center part of the mat 1 on which the spacer 5 is placed will sink, but because the load applied to the bottom of the mat 1 is dispersed by the rubber sheet 10 mentioned above, , the sinking of the mat 1 is suppressed, and the curvature of the corner at the peripheral edge of the depressed portion on the lower side is reduced. Therefore, the tensile force and shearing force applied to the fabric near the corner of the bag 2 are alleviated. In other words, by providing the rubber sheet 10 on the lower surface side, the bag 2 is less likely to break, and the durability of the bag 2 or the mat 1 is improved.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the specific examples described above, and the bag 2 does not need to be filled with only one type of powder or granule material, but two or more types of powder or granule material as described above. It may also be used as a mixture. Furthermore, instead of being a single bag, the bag 2 may have a structure in which bags of the same type or different types are stacked double or more.

1... Mat, 2... Bag, 3... Powder, 4... Handle, 5... Spacer, 6... Jack, 7... Vehicle body (of track maintenance work vehicle), 8... Wheel, 9... Partition plate, 10... Rubber sheet, B...Ballast, R...Rail, S...Sleeper.

Claims (5)

A mat inserted between a jack for pushing up a derailed vehicle and a ballast made of crushed stone on which a rail on which the vehicle runs is installed,
consisting of a fluid powder and a bag filled with the powder and whose shape changes according to the flow of the powder,
The bag is configured to have a strength that will not cause breakage due to the load when the jack pushes up the vehicle, and the granular material moves to a location corresponding to the concave portion of the ballast to a location corresponding to the concave portion. The ballast is configured such that the thickness of the ballast becomes thicker and the granular material moves from a portion corresponding to the convex portion of the ballast, and the thickness of the portion corresponding to the convex portion becomes thinner, thereby flattening the upper surface. A mat for restoring derailed vehicles, which is characterized by the fact that: The mat for restoring a derailed vehicle according to claim 1,
The mat for recovery work of a derailed vehicle, characterized in that the bag is made of para-aramid resin fiber or high-strength polyethylene fiber. The mat for restoring a derailed vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
The mat for recovery work of a derailed vehicle, characterized in that the bag is provided with a waterproof coating or a water-repellent coating. The mat for recovery work of a derailed vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The granular material is composed of at least one of lightweight sand, perlite, and volcanic ash, or a mixture of two or more of them, and at least one of synthetic resin pellets. Mat for restoration work. The mat for recovery work of a derailed vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A mat for recovery work of a derailed vehicle, characterized in that a rubber sheet is provided on the bottom side of the bag opposite to the top surface of the ballast.

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