JP7339790B2 - Vascular simulation model - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a vessel simulation model.

As a method of minimally invasive treatment or examination in a biological lumen such as the circulatory system and the digestive system, for example, percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty (PTCA) and endoscopic retrograde bile duct Pancreatography (ERCP: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) and the like are known. These techniques involve inserting a medical device such as a guidewire or catheter into a vessel such as a cardiovascular or bile duct. For example, Patent Literatures 1 to 3 disclose an apparatus that includes a simulated blood vessel and enables an operator such as a doctor to simulate a PTCA procedure using a medical device.

JP-A-2001-343891 Japanese Patent No. 5024700 International Publication No. 2016/075732 pamphlet

When the devices described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are used, the inside of the simulated blood vessel is filled with a blood-simulating fluid (for example, water). At this time, in order to improve the visibility of the medical device in the simulated blood vessel and to make the movement of the medical device resemble that of an actual living body, it is preferable that the simulated blood vessel is entirely filled with fluid. However, in the device described in Patent Document 1, when a fluid is injected into the simulated result, the fluid flows only into the branches with low back pressure, and there is a problem that it is difficult to spread the fluid to the branches with low back pressure. Ta. In addition, the devices described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 are equipped with a pump that circulates the fluid in the simulated blood vessel, so that the fluid can be distributed to branches with low back pressure, but the size of the device is increased. was there. Furthermore, the devices described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 have a problem that air bubbles remain in the fluid in a complicatedly curved simulated blood vessel or a thin simulated blood vessel.

In addition, such a problem is not limited to a device equipped with a simulated blood vessel to simulate a PTCA procedure. This is common to devices that simulate various procedures.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the above-described problems, and aims to provide a vessel simulation model that can easily fill the inside of a vessel with fluid and that can be miniaturized. aim.

The present invention has been made to solve at least part of the above problems, and can be implemented as the following modes.

(1) According to one aspect of the present invention, a vessel simulation model is provided. This vascular simulation model includes, from upstream to downstream, a vascular lumen that branches into a first branch and a second branch to form a fluid flow path, and the above-described vascular lumen upstream of the flow path. A vascular model having a fluid inlet communicating with a vascular lumen, and first and second fluid outlets respectively provided in the first branch and the second branch on the downstream side of the flow channel. wherein the first branch and the second branch have a different back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the first branch and a back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the second branch, and The first fluid outlet and the second fluid outlet are provided with a first valve capable of changing the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the first branch and the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the second branch, respectively. A possible second valve is provided.

According to this configuration, in the vascular simulation model, the outlet of the first branch (first fluid outlet) and the outlet of the second branch (second (fluid outlet) are provided with a first valve and a second valve capable of changing the flow rate of the fluid, respectively. For example, assume that the back pressure in the first branch is lower than the back pressure in the second branch. In this case, since the fluid introduced into the vascular lumen from the fluid inlet mainly flows into the first branch, the first branch is first filled with the fluid. After this, the first valve provided at the outlet of the first branch (first fluid outlet) is closed (or the flow rate is reduced). Then, since the back pressure in the first branch increases, the fluid introduced into the vessel lumen through the fluid inlet mainly flows into the second branch, and the second branch can also be filled with fluid. As described above, according to the present configuration, it is possible to provide a vessel simulation model that can easily fill the vessel with fluid and that can be miniaturized without requiring a pump.

(2) In the vascular simulation model of the above aspect, in the vascular model, the vascular lumen is branched from the upstream side to the downstream side and further branched into a third branch to form a fluid flow path. and further comprising a third fluid outlet provided in the third branch on the downstream side of the flow path, and the third fluid outlet has a flow rate of the fluid flowing through the third branch. is provided, and the first valve, the second valve, and the third valve are arranged to be variable between the first branch, the second branch, and the third valve. 3 may be provided with a valve holding portion that holds the branches arranged in descending order of back pressure applied to the flowing fluid.
According to this configuration, the valve holding part arranges the first valve, the second valve, and the third valve in descending order of the back pressure applied to the corresponding first, second, and third branches. keep in state. Therefore, by closing the valve (or decreasing the flow rate) in order from one end (low back pressure side) of the valve holding part to the other end (high back pressure side), the fluid can flow through the vessel. can meet. That is, according to this configuration, it is possible to intuitively grasp the valve to be operated next.

(3) In the vascular simulation model of the above aspect, in the vascular model, the vascular lumen is branched from the upstream side to the downstream side and further branches into a fourth branch to form a fluid flow path. and the fourth branch may join one of the first branch and the second branch upstream of the first and second fluid outlets.
According to this configuration, the vessel lumen branches from upstream to downstream into a fourth branch, and the fourth branch is upstream of the first and second fluid outlets. It merges into one of the 1st branch and the 2nd branch. Thus, by providing the fourth branch that branches downstream from the fluid inlet and merges upstream from the fluid outlet, branching of the vascular lumen can be achieved in any actual organ or It can resemble the branching of a vessel at the surface.

(4) In the above-described vascular simulation model, a branch holding the vascular model with the first branch and the second branch as positions of vascular placement in an arbitrary organ. A holding portion may be provided.
According to this configuration, the branch holding section holds the vessel model in a state where the first branch and the second branch are arranged positions of the vessel in an arbitrary organ. Thus, the placement of branches of a vessel lumen can mimic the placement of vessels in or on any real organ.

(5) In the above-described vascular simulation model, the first branch and the second branch may each display information about the back pressure.
According to this configuration, since the information about the back pressure is displayed on the first branch and the second branch, the user can determine which branch the fluid is likely to flow into and which branch the fluid is more difficult to flow into. can be recognized at a glance.

(6) In the vascular simulation model of the above aspect, the first valve and the second valve display information about the back pressure of the corresponding first branch and the second branch. good too.
According to this configuration, since the information about the back pressure is displayed on the first valve and the second valve, the user can determine which branch the fluid is likely to flow into and which branch the fluid is more difficult to flow into. can be recognized at a glance.

(7) In the vascular simulation model of the above aspect, while opening the first valve and the second valve and introducing the fluid from the fluid inlet, the branches filled with the fluid are treated in order. The entire vessel lumen may be filled with fluid by occluding the valve.
According to this configuration, the user can easily fill the inside of the vessel with the fluid by closing the corresponding valves in the order of the branches filled with the fluid while introducing the fluid from the fluid inlet. Moreover, the vascular simulation model can be miniaturized without requiring a pump.

It should be noted that the present invention can be implemented in various aspects, and further includes a simulation device equipped with an organ model (for example, a heart model simulating a heart, a liver model simulating a liver, etc.), and an endoscope model. It can be realized in the form of an endoscopic treatment simulation model, a vessel simulation model, a simulation device, a manufacturing method of an endoscopic treatment simulation model, and the like.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a vascular simulation model; FIG. 2 is an explanatory view exemplifying a cross-sectional configuration along line AA of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating how to use a vessel simulation model; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating how to use a vessel simulation model; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating how to use a vessel simulation model; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating how to use a vessel simulation model; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating how to use a vessel simulation model; FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a vascular simulation model in a comparative example; FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a vascular simulation model according to the second embodiment; FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a vascular simulation model according to the third embodiment; FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a vascular simulation model according to the fourth embodiment; FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a vessel simulation model according to the fifth embodiment; FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a vascular simulation model according to the sixth embodiment; FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a vascular simulation model according to the seventh embodiment;

<First embodiment>
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a vessel simulation model 1. As shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration taken along line AA of FIG. The vessel simulation model 1 is a device used to simulate treatment or examination procedures using medical devices for vessels such as cardiovascular and bile ducts. Techniques using medical devices include, for example, percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty (PTCA) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Also, medical devices mean devices for minimally invasive treatment or examination, such as catheters and guidewires.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the vessel simulation model 1 includes a vessel model 100 , a valve 10 , a valve holder 20 and a branch holder 30 . A vessel model 100 is a model that reproduces a vessel. As shown in FIG. 2, inside the vessel model 100, there is formed a vessel lumen 100L that constitutes a fluid (liquid) flow path that simulates blood, bile, etc. flowing through a vessel. In FIG. 1 and subsequent figures, the lower side of the paper surface is defined as the upstream side of the flow channel, and the upper side of the paper surface is defined as the downstream side of the flow channel. In other words, fluid flows from the bottom to the top in FIG. 1 and subsequent figures. Hereinafter, the upstream side of the channel will also be simply referred to as the "upstream side", and the downstream side of the channel will also simply be referred to as the "downstream side".

The vessel model 100 is composed of a plurality of passage forming members P10 to P16. The flow path forming member P10 has a fluid introduction port 110, which is an opening that communicates with the vascular lumen 100L, at its upstream end. The flow path forming member P10 is connected to the flow path forming member P11 at the branch point B1, and is connected to the flow path forming member P15 at the branch point B5. The flow path forming member P10 has a fluid outlet 117, which is an opening that communicates with the vascular lumen 100L, at its downstream end. A flow path from fluid inlet 110 to fluid outlet 117 is also referred to as branch 107 . The fluid outlet 117 is provided with a valve 17 capable of changing the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the branch 107 . In this embodiment, the branch 107 corresponds to the "first branch", the fluid outlet 117 corresponds to the "first fluid outlet", and the valve 17 corresponds to the "first valve".

The flow path forming member P11 is connected to the flow path forming member P10 at its upstream end. The flow path forming member P11 is connected to the flow path forming member P12 at the branch point B2, and is connected to the flow path forming member P14 at the branch point B4. The flow path forming member P11 has a fluid outlet 115, which is an opening that communicates with the vascular lumen 100L, at its downstream end. A flow path from fluid inlet 110 to fluid outlet 115 is also referred to as branch 105 . The fluid outlet 115 is provided with a valve 15 capable of changing the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the branch 105 . Further, the flow path forming member P12 is connected to the flow path forming member P11 at the upstream end. The flow path forming member P12 is connected to the flow path forming member P13 at the branch point B3. The flow path forming member P12 has a fluid outlet 114, which is an opening that communicates with the vascular lumen 100L, at its downstream end. A flow path from fluid inlet 110 to fluid outlet 114 is also referred to as branch 104 . The fluid outlet 114 is provided with a valve 14 that can change the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the branch 104 .

The flow path forming member P13 is connected to the flow path forming member P12 at its upstream end. The flow path forming member P13 has a fluid outlet 111, which is an opening that communicates with the vascular lumen 100L, at its downstream end. A channel from the fluid inlet 110 to the fluid outlet 111 is also called a branch 101 . The fluid outlet 111 is provided with a valve 11 capable of changing the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the branch 101 . Further, the flow path forming member P14 is connected to the flow path forming member P11 at its upstream end. The flow path forming member P14 has a fluid outlet 112, which is an opening that communicates with the vascular lumen 100L, at its downstream end. A flow path from fluid inlet 110 to fluid outlet 112 is also referred to as branch 102 . The fluid outlet 112 is provided with a valve 12 capable of changing the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the branch 102 .

The flow path forming member P15 is connected to the flow path forming member P10 at its upstream end. The flow path forming member P14 is connected to the flow path forming member P16 at the branch point B6. The flow path forming member P15 has a fluid outlet 116, which is an opening that communicates with the vascular lumen 100L, at its downstream end. A flow path from fluid inlet 110 to fluid outlet 116 is also referred to as branch 106 . The fluid outlet 116 is provided with a valve 16 that can change the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the branch 106 . In this embodiment, the branch 106 corresponds to the "second branch", the fluid outlet 116 corresponds to the "second fluid outlet", and the valve 16 corresponds to the "second valve".

The flow path forming member P16 is connected to the flow path forming member P15 at its upstream end. The flow path forming member P16 has a fluid outlet 113, which is an opening that communicates with the vascular lumen 100L, at its downstream end. A channel from the fluid inlet 110 to the fluid outlet 113 is also called a branch 103 . The fluid outlet 113 is provided with a valve 13 capable of changing the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the branch 103 . In this embodiment, the branch 103 corresponds to the "third branch", the fluid outlet 113 corresponds to the "third fluid outlet", and the valve 13 corresponds to the "third valve".

As shown in FIG. 2, each of the flow path forming members P10 to P16 is a tube (tubular body) made of a transparent or translucent flexible resin material (for example, PVA resin, silicon). is. The passage forming members P10 to P16 are connected at the above-described branch points B1 to B6 so that their respective lumens are in communication with each other, thereby forming a vascular lumen 100L. As the connection means, any bonding agent such as an epoxy-based adhesive may be used in addition to thermal welding. In FIG. 2, the cross-sectional shape of the flow path forming members P10 to P16 is illustrated as a substantially circular shape, but the cross-sectional shape of the flow path forming members P10 to P16 can be determined arbitrarily. Further, the outer diameter and inner diameter of the flow path forming members P10 to P16 can also be determined arbitrarily. For example, the flow path forming members P10 to P16 may each have the same outer diameter and/or inner diameter, or may have different outer diameters and/or inner diameters.

The valves 11-17 regulate the flow rate of fluid flowing through the branches 101-107 provided with the valves 11-17. The valves 11 to 17 are also collectively referred to as valve 10 . Valve 10 can be any type of valve such as, for example, gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, and butterfly valves. The valve 10 may be a valve that can change the flow rate of fluid by using an intermediate opening, or a valve that allows fluid to pass through or block without using an intermediate opening. The valves provided in the valves 11-17 may be of the same type or may be of different types.

The branch holding part 30 ( FIG. 1 : broken line frame) is a member that holds the vessel model 100 in a state where the branches 101 to 107 are arranged positions of vessels in an arbitrary organ. In the illustrated example, the branch holding unit 30 excludes the fluid introduction port 110, the fluid discharge ports 111 to 117, and the valve 10, with the branches 101 to 107 as the arrangement positions of the bile ducts (intrahepatic bile ducts) in the liver. It is a box-shaped housing in which a part of the vessel model 100 is accommodated. The branch holding part 30 can be made of, for example, a resin material (for example, acrylic resin) having X-ray transparency and high transparency. In the illustrated example, the branch holding part 30 is box-shaped, but the outer shape of the branch holding part 30 can be changed arbitrarily. Moreover, the branch holding unit 30 may arrange and hold a part of the vessel model 100 on the surface of an organ model imitating an arbitrary organ (here, a liver model).

On the downstream side of the branch holder 30, the branches 101 to 107 are arranged in the order of branch 101, branch 104, branch 105, branch 102, branch 107, branch 106, and branch 103 from the left. Here, as shown in FIG. 1, when the valves 11 to 17 are open (or the flow rate is large), the back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the branches 101, 102, and 103 is different from that of the other branches. relatively high (Fig. 1: high). On the other hand, when the valves 11-17 are open, the back pressure on the fluid flowing through branch 107 is relatively low compared to the other branches (FIG. 1: low). Thus, in the vascular model 100 of the present embodiment, the back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the first branch 107 (FIG. 1: low) and the back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the second branch 106 (FIG. 1: medium) and the back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the third branch 103 (FIG. 1: high) are different.

The valve holding portion 20 is a member that holds the valves 11 to 17 and the fluid outlets 111 to 117 arranged in descending order of the back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the corresponding branches 101 to 107 . The valve holding portion 20 of the present embodiment has a flat plate shape, and holds (fixes) the valves 11 to 17 with the valves 11 to 17 placed on one surface thereof. In the illustrated example, the valve holding part 20 holds the valves 11 to 17 in the order of the valves 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 from the left. .

The back pressures in branches 101-107 corresponding to valves 11-17 are as described above. For this reason, the illustrated valve holding portion 20 is arranged so that the back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the branches 101 to 107 (the back pressure when the valves 11 to 17 are opened) gradually decreases from the left end to the right end. , valves 11-17 and fluid outlets 111-117. In other words, the valve holding part 20 arranges the valves 11 to 17 and the fluid discharge ports 111 to 117 in descending order of the back pressure of the branches 101 to 107 when the valves 11 to 17 are opened from the left end to the right end, keeping. The valve holding portion 20 can be made of any material such as a resin material, wood, metal material, or the like. Further, the outer shape of the valve holding portion 20 is not limited to a flat plate shape, and may be arbitrarily changed to a rod shape, a box shape, or the like.

Note that the vessel simulation model 1 may further include a flow path forming member 120 (broken line in FIG. 1) connected to the fluid outlets 111-117. The flow path forming member 120 is connected to the fluid discharge ports 111 to 117, respectively, and collects and discards the fluid discharged from the fluid discharge ports 111 to 117. FIG. The flow path forming member 120 may be connected to the fluid inlet 110 and circulate the fluid discharged from the fluid outlets 111 to 117 to the fluid inlet 110 . The flow path forming member 120 is a tube (tubular body) made of a flexible resin material (for example, PVA resin, silicon).

3 to 7 are explanatory diagrams exemplifying how to use the vessel simulation model 1. FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 3, the user opens all the valves 11-17 to allow fluid to pass through the branches 101-107. Next, the user supplies fluid from fluid inlet 110 . Most of the supplied fluid flows towards branch 101 where the back pressure is relatively low (Fig. 3: large arrow). The remaining portion of the supplied fluid flows from branch point B1 to branch 105 and from branch point B5 to branch 106 (FIG. 3: small arrows).

As shown in FIG. 4 , after confirming that the branch 107 is filled with fluid, the user closes the valve 17 corresponding to the branch 107 to block the flow of fluid in the branch 107 . This creates a relatively high back pressure on the fluid flowing through branch 107 . Due to the high back pressure in the branch 107, most of the fluid supplied from the fluid inlet 110 flows toward the branch 106 where the back pressure is relatively low (Fig. 4: large arrow). The remaining portion of the supplied fluid flows from branch point B6 toward branch 103 (FIG. 4: small arrow). As shown in FIG. 5 , after confirming that the branch 106 is filled with fluid, the user closes the valve 16 corresponding to the branch 106 to block the flow of fluid in the branch 106 . As a result, the back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the branch 106 is relatively high, so most of the fluid supplied from the fluid inlet 110 flows toward the branch 105 where the back pressure is relatively low (FIG. 5). : large arrow). The remaining portion of the supplied fluid flows from branch point B2 toward branch 104 and from branch point B4 toward branch 102 (Fig. 5: small arrows).

As shown in FIG. 6, the user can easily fill the vascular lumen 100L of the vascular model 100 with fluid by performing the above-described operations on the other valves 11 to 15 as well. Here, when the flow path forming members P10 to P16 are arranged in a complicated curved arrangement, when the inner diameters of the flow path forming members P10 to P16 are small, the branch points B1 to B6 to which the flow path forming members P10 to P16 are connected , or when the distance from the fluid introduction port 110 is long, air bubbles tend to remain at curved portions, small-diameter portions, branched portions, and the like.

For example, as indicated by a dashed circle frame in FIG. 7, a case where an air bubble remains inside a certain branch (FIG. 7: branch 103) will be described. In such a case, the user allows the fluid to flow through the branch 103 by opening the valve 13 corresponding to the branch 103 in which air bubbles remain. The opening of valve 13 results in relatively low back pressure on the fluid flowing through branch 103 . In this state, the user supplies fluid from the fluid introduction port 110 . The supplied fluid flows toward branch 103 where the back pressure is relatively low (Fig. 7: large arrow). Therefore, the remaining air bubbles can be discharged from the fluid discharge port 113 by the newly supplied fluid. After removing the air bubbles, the user should close the valve 13 .

Thus, according to the vascular simulation model 1 of the first embodiment, the outlet of the first branch 107 (the first fluid outlet 117) and the second The discharge port (second fluid discharge port 116) of the branch 106 is provided with a first valve 17 and a second valve 16 capable of changing the flow rate of the fluid, respectively. For example, assume that the back pressure in the first branch 107 is less than the back pressure in the second branch 106, as illustrated in FIGS. 1-7. In this case, since the fluid introduced into the vascular lumen 100L from the fluid inlet 110 mainly flows into the first branch 107, the first branch 107 is first filled with the fluid (FIG. 3). After that, the first valve 17 provided at the outlet of the first branch 107 (the first fluid outlet 117) is closed (or the flow rate is reduced). Then, since the back pressure of the first branch 107 increases, the fluid introduced into the vascular lumen 100L from the fluid introduction port 110 mainly flows into the second branch 106, and the second branch 106 is also filled with the fluid. (Fig. 4). As described above, according to the vascular simulation model 1 of the first embodiment, it is possible to provide the vascular simulation model 1 that can easily fill the vascular interior with fluid and that can be miniaturized without requiring a pump. (Fig. 7).

Further, according to the vascular simulation model 1 of the first embodiment, the valve holder 20 holds the first valve 17, the second valve 16, and the third valve 13 in the corresponding first branches 107, The second branch 106 and the third branch 103 are held in order of decreasing back pressure (FIG. 1). For this reason, from one end of the valve holding portion 20 (the side with low back pressure: the right end in the examples of FIGS. 1 to 7) to the other end (the side with high back pressure: the left end in the examples of FIGS. 1 to 7), By sequentially closing the valve (or decreasing the flow rate), the vascular lumen 100L can be filled with the fluid. That is, according to the vessel simulation model 1 of the first embodiment, it is possible to intuitively grasp the valve to be operated next.

Furthermore, according to the vascular simulation model 1 of the first embodiment, the branch holding unit 30 sets the first branch 107 and the second branch 106 as the arrangement positions of the vessel in an arbitrary organ, A vessel model 100 is held. Thus, the placement of the branches of the vessel lumen 100L can mimic the placement of vessels in or on any real organ.

<Comparative example>
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a vessel simulation model 1x in a comparative example. The vessel simulation model 1x of the comparative example does not include the valves 11 to 17 and the valve holder 20. FIG. In the vascular simulation model 1x, the branches 101 to 107 are each connected to the flow path forming member 119 on the downstream side. The flow path forming member 119 collects the fluid discharged to the branches 101 to 107 and circulates it to the fluid inlet 110 by the pump 200 . A method of using the vessel simulation model 1x of the comparative example will be described. First, the user supplies fluid from the fluid introduction port 110 . Most of the supplied fluid flows towards branch 107 where the back pressure is relatively low (Fig. 8: large arrow). The remaining portion of the supplied fluid flows from the branch points B1-B6 to other branches 101-106 (FIG. 8: small arrows). However, in the configuration of the comparative example, it is difficult for the fluid to flow into the branches 101, 102, and 103 with relatively high back pressure, and as a result, air bubbles tend to remain in the branches 101, 102, and 103. In addition, in the configuration of the comparative example, the pump 200 causes the vascular simulation model 1x to become large.

<Second embodiment>
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of the vessel simulation model 1a of the second embodiment. A vascular simulation model 1a of the second embodiment includes a vascular model 100a instead of the vascular model 100 and a valve holding portion 20a instead of the valve holding portion 20 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. there is Information 121 to 127 on back pressure is displayed on branches 101a to 107a of the vessel model 100a, respectively. In the illustrated example, the back pressure information 121-127 is a number proportional to the amount of back pressure exerted on the fluid flowing through the branches 101a-107a when the valves 11-17 are open. The information 121 to 127 on the back pressure is not limited to numbers proportional to the magnitude of the back pressure. , or a combination thereof. The valve holding portion 20a holds the valves 11 to 17 and the fluid outlets 111 to 117 while maintaining the arrangement of the branches 101a to 107a on the downstream side of the branch holding portion 30. FIG.

In this way, the branches 101a-107a may display information 121-127 regarding the back pressure. Further, the information 121 to 127 regarding the back pressure may be displayed on the downstream side of each branch as shown in FIG. 9, or may be displayed on the upstream side of each branch. The information 121 to 127 on the back pressure may be displayed at one location on the branches 101a to 107a, or may be displayed at multiple locations. Further, the valve holding portion 20a does not have to hold the valves 11-17 and the fluid outlets 111-117 in descending order of back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the branches 101a-107a. The vascular simulation model 1a of the second embodiment can also provide the same effects as the first embodiment. Furthermore, according to the vascular simulation model 1a of the second embodiment, the information 127 and 126 regarding the back pressure is displayed on the first branch 107a and the second branch 106a. It is possible to recognize at a glance which branch the fluid flows easily into and which branch the fluid does not easily flow into.

<Third Embodiment>
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of the vessel simulation model 1b of the third embodiment. A vascular simulation model 1b of the third embodiment includes a valve 10b (valves 11b to 17b) in place of the valve 10 in the configuration described in the first embodiment, and a valve holding portion 20b instead of the valve holding portion 20. I have. Information 131-137 on the back pressure is displayed on the valves 11b-17b, respectively. The information 131-137 on the back pressure is proportional to the amount of back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the branches 101-107 when the valves 11b-17b are open, as in the second embodiment (FIG. 9). is a number. As in the second embodiment (FIG. 9), the information 131 to 137 regarding the back pressure can use arbitrary characters, figures, symbols, colors, or a combination thereof. The valve holding portion 20b holds the valves 11b to 17b and the fluid outlets 111 to 117 while maintaining the arrangement of the branches 101 to 107 on the downstream side of the branch holding portion 30. FIG.

In this way, information 131-137 regarding the back pressure may be displayed on the valves 11b-17b. Further, the information 131 to 137 regarding the back pressure may be displayed at one location on the valves 11b to 17b, or may be displayed at a plurality of locations. The valve holding portion 20b does not have to hold the valves 11b-17b and the fluid outlets 111-117 in descending order of the back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the branches 101-107. With such a vessel simulation model 1b of the third embodiment as well, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Furthermore, according to the vascular simulation model 1b of the third embodiment, the information 137 and 136 regarding the back pressure is displayed on the first valve 17 and the second valve 16, so that the user can It is possible to recognize at a glance which branch the fluid flows easily into and which branch the fluid does not easily flow into.

<Fourth Embodiment>
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of the vessel simulation model 1c of the fourth embodiment. The vascular simulation model 1c of the fourth embodiment does not include the branch holder 30 in the configuration described in the second embodiment. Thus, the vessel simulation model 1c does not need to be provided with the branch holding unit 30 that holds the vessel model 100a. With such a vessel simulation model 1c of the fourth embodiment as well, effects similar to those of the first and second embodiments can be obtained. Furthermore, according to the vascular simulation model 1c of the fourth embodiment, since the branch holding unit 30 is not provided, the vascular simulation model 1c can be made more compact, and the flow path forming members P11 to P16 of the vascular model 100a can be reduced. It can also be stored and transported in a bundled state.

<Fifth Embodiment>
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of the vessel simulation model 1d of the fifth embodiment. A vessel simulation model 1d of the fifth embodiment does not include the valve holding portion 20a in the configuration described in the second embodiment. Thus, the vessel simulation model 1d may not be provided with the valve holding portion 20a. With the vessel simulation model 1d of the fifth embodiment as well, the user can determine which valve should be closed by referring to the information 121-127 on the back pressure applied to the branches 101a-107a. . Therefore, the vascular simulation model 1d of the fifth embodiment can also achieve the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments. Furthermore, according to the vessel simulation model 1d of the fifth embodiment, since the valve holding portion 20a is not provided, the vessel simulation model 1d can be further miniaturized.

<Sixth Embodiment>
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of the vessel simulation model 1e of the sixth embodiment. A vascular simulation model 1e of the sixth embodiment includes a vascular model 100e instead of the vascular model 100 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. The vessel model 100e further includes flow path forming members P21, P22, P23. The flow path forming member P21 is connected to the flow path forming member P11 at the upstream end (branch point B10). The downstream end of the flow path forming member P21 is closed. The flow path forming member P22 is connected to the flow path forming member P10 at the upstream end (branch point B11). The downstream end of the flow path forming member P22 is closed. The flow path forming member P23 is connected to the flow path forming member P16 at the upstream end (branch point B12). The downstream end of the flow path forming member P23 is closed.

In this way, the number, shape, arrangement, and connection relationship of the flow path forming members P10 to P23 in the vessel model 100e can be arbitrarily determined. Channel forming members P21, P22, P23 having closed ends may also be provided. In addition, the number, shape, arrangement, and connection relationship of the fluid inlets 110 can also be determined arbitrarily. For example, a plurality of fluid inlets 110 may be provided. The vascular simulation model 1e of the sixth embodiment can also provide the same effects as the first embodiment.

<Seventh Embodiment>
FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of the vessel simulation model 1f of the seventh embodiment. A vessel simulation model 1f of the seventh embodiment includes a vessel model 100f in place of the vessel model 100 and a valve 10f in place of the valve 10 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. The vessel model 100f includes a flow path forming member P11f instead of the flow path forming member P11, and a flow path forming member P14f instead of the flow path forming member P14.

The flow path forming member P11f does not have the fluid outlet 115 at its downstream end, and is connected to the flow path forming member P12 at its downstream end (branch point B22). In the seventh embodiment, of the channels from the fluid inlet 110 to the fluid outlet 114, the channel passing through the channel forming member P12 is also called a branch 104f, and the channel joining the channel forming member P12 is called a branch 104f. Also called 105f. In the seventh embodiment, the branch 104f and the branch 105f having substantially the same back pressure applied to the flowing fluid are connected at the downstream end (branch point B22). The flow path forming member P14f does not have the fluid outlet 112 at its downstream end, and is connected to the flow path forming member P13 at its downstream end (branch point B21). In the seventh embodiment, of the channels from the fluid inlet 110 to the fluid outlet 111, the channel passing through the channel forming member P13 is also called a branch 101f, and the channel joining the channel forming member P13 is called a branch 101f. Also called 102f. In the seventh embodiment, the branch 101f and the branch 102f having substantially the same back pressure applied to the flowing fluid are connected at the downstream end (branch point B21). In this embodiment, the branch 101f corresponds to the "first branch", the fluid outlet 111 corresponds to the "first fluid outlet", and the branch 104f corresponds to the "second branch". The outlet 114 corresponds to the "second fluid outlet", and the branch 102f and the branch 105f correspond to the "fourth branch". Valve 10 f does not include valve 15 and valve 12 corresponding to fluid outlet 115 and fluid outlet 112 .

Thus, the arrangement and connection relationship of the flow path forming members P10 to P16 in the vessel model 100f can be arbitrarily determined. , P14f may be provided. With such a vessel simulation model 1f of the seventh embodiment as well, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. In addition, in the vascular simulation model 1f of the seventh embodiment, the vascular lumen 100L branches from the upstream side to the downstream side into the fourth branch 102f, and the fourth branch 102f is connected to the first fluid. It merges with the first branch 101f on the upstream side of the discharge port 111 . In addition, the vascular lumen 100L branches from the upstream side to the downstream side into a fourth branch 105f, and the fourth branch 105f is located upstream of the second fluid outlet 114 to the second branch. It merges with the branch 104f. In this way, by providing the fourth branches 102f and 105f that branch downstream of the fluid inlet 110 and join together upstream of the fluid outlets 111 and 114, the branches of the vascular lumen 100L can be branched. , can mimic the branching of vessels in or on any real organ.

<Modification of this embodiment>
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be implemented in various aspects without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the following modifications are possible.

[Modification 1]
In the above-described first to seventh embodiments, examples of configurations of the vessel simulation models 1, 1a to 1f have been shown. However, various modifications are possible for the configuration of the vessel simulation model. For example, a flow rate sensor or the like that detects gas (bubbles) in the fluid may be provided at an arbitrary position within the vascular lumen, for example, near the fluid outlet. In this case, the flow rate or passage/shielding of the valve may be automatically changed according to the detected value of the sensor.

For example, when a valve capable of changing the flow rate of fluid is provided for each branch of the vascular model by using an intermediate opening, the back of each branch of the vascular model can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the valve. The pressure may be adjusted evenly. Further, instead of adjusting the opening degree of the valve, by adjusting the inner diameter of the flow path forming member on the upstream side and the inner diameter of the flow path forming member on the downstream side, the back pressure of each branch of the vessel model can be adjusted. can be adjusted uniformly.

For example, the vascular simulation model further includes an organ model (for example, a heart model simulating a heart, a liver model simulating a liver, etc.), and is configured as a simulation device in which the vascular simulation model is placed inside or on the surface of the organ model. may be For example, the vascular simulation model may further include an endoscope model, and may be configured as a simulation apparatus capable of inserting a medical device that has passed through the endoscope model into the vascular lumen through the fluid inlet.

[Modification 2]
In the above-described first to seventh embodiments, examples of configurations of the vessel models 100, 100a, 100e, and 100f have been shown. However, the configuration of the vascular model can be modified in various ways. For example, the vascular model is configured to have seven branches, but as long as the flow path is formed by branching from upstream to downstream into first and second branches, the number of branches is limited to can be changed arbitrarily. For example, although the vascular model is configured by connecting a plurality of flow path forming members, it is configured by a single flow path forming member integrally molded into an arbitrary shape as illustrated in FIG. may be For example, a lesion simulating a lesion occurring in a vessel may be formed inside the vessel model. The shape of the lesion can adopt any aspect such as an obstructive lesion, a stenotic lesion, a calcified lesion, or the like.

[Modification 3]
In the first to seventh embodiments, an example of the configuration of the valve holding portions 20, 20a, 20b and the branch holding portion 30 has been shown. However, the configuration of the vascular model can be modified in various ways. For example, the valve holding portion and the valve may be configured integrally. For example, the outer shape of the branch holding part may be a shape imitating the outer shape of an arbitrary organ. In this case, the branch holding part may be made of a flexible resin material (for example, PVA resin, silicon) to further simulate the tactile sensation of an arbitrary organ.

[Modification 4]
The configurations of the vascular simulation models 1, 1a to 1f of the first to seventh embodiments and the configurations of the vascular simulation models of the modified examples 1 to 3 may be combined as appropriate. For example, in the configurations of the second and third embodiments (configurations in which the back pressure is displayed), the branched shape of the vascular model as in the sixth and seventh embodiments may be employed. In the configurations of the fourth and fifth embodiments (configurations in which the branch holding portion and the valve holding portion are omitted), a configuration in which there is no display of back pressure information as in the first embodiment may be adopted, and the third embodiment may You may adopt the structure by which the information regarding back pressure was displayed on the valve|bulb like this. In the configurations of the sixth and seventh embodiments (configurations in which the branching of the vessel model is different), the branch holding section and the valve holding section may be omitted as in the fourth and fifth embodiments.

The present aspect has been described above based on the embodiments and modifications, but the above-described embodiments are intended to facilitate understanding of the present aspect, and do not limit the present aspect. This aspect may be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and this aspect includes equivalents thereof. Also, if the technical features are not described as essential in this specification, they can be deleted as appropriate.

1, 1a to 1f, 1x... Vascular simulation model 10, 10b, 10f... Valves 11 to 17... Valves 20, 20a, 20b... Valve holding part 30... Branch holding part 100, 100a, 100e, 100f... Vascular model 100L Vessel lumen 101-107 Branch 110 Fluid inlet 111-117 Fluid outlet 121-127, 131-137 Back pressure information 200 Pump B1-B22 Branch point P10-P23, 119, 120 Flow path forming member

Claims (6)

A vascular simulation model,
a vascular lumen branching from upstream to downstream into a first branch and a second branch to form a fluid flow path;
a fluid inlet communicating with the vascular lumen upstream of the channel;
a vascular model having first and second fluid outlets respectively provided in the first branch and the second branch on the downstream side of the flow channel;
The first branch and the second branch have different back pressures applied to the fluid flowing through the first branch and back pressures applied to the fluid flowing through the second branch,
The first fluid outlet and the second fluid outlet are provided with a first valve capable of changing the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the first branch and the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the second branch, respectively. A second valve is provided that can change the
In the vascular model,
The vascular lumen is branched into a third branch from the upstream side to the downstream side to form a fluid flow path,
Further, a third fluid outlet is provided in the third branch on the downstream side of the flow path, and the third fluid outlet can change the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the third branch. A third valve is provided,
Furthermore, the first valve, the second valve, and the third valve are arranged in descending order of the back pressure applied to the fluid flowing through the first branch, the second branch, and the third branch. Vascular simulation model with a valve retainer that holds in place . The vessel simulation model according to claim 1,
In the vascular model,
The vascular lumen is branched into a fourth branch from the upstream side to the downstream side to form a fluid flow path,
The vascular simulation model, wherein the fourth branch merges with one of the first branch and the second branch upstream of the first and second fluid outlets. The vessel simulation model according to claim 1 or claim 2 , further comprising:
A vessel simulation model, comprising: a branch holder that holds the vessel model with the first branch and the second branch set as the arrangement positions of the vessel in an arbitrary organ. The vascular simulation model according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
The vascular simulation model, wherein the information about the back pressure is displayed on the first branch and the second branch. The vessel simulation model according to any one of claims 1 to 4 ,
A vessel simulation model, wherein the first valve and the second valve display information about the back pressure of the corresponding first branch and the second branch. The vascular simulation model according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ,
opening the first valve and the second valve;
A vascular simulation model, wherein the entire vascular lumen is filled with the fluid by closing the corresponding valves in the order of the branches filled with the fluid while introducing the fluid from the fluid inlet.

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