JP7337321B1 - Mixed pulverized material sorting device and sorting method - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To easily and efficiently remove only the crushed resin, which is a low-specific gravity substance, in a situation where a very small amount of crushed resin is mixed in crushed metal, which is a high-specific gravity substance. [Solution] The sorting device includes a conveyor belt and a fan, and the outlet of the fan is configured to emit a downward jet stream from above to below in a direction substantially perpendicular to the conveyance surface of the conveyor belt. At the same time, the downward jet flow is set to cause a backward flow that branches in a direction opposite to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt, and the backward flow is configured to cause the low specific gravity material to The air volume of the fan is set so as not to impede the transport of the high specific gravity material from one side to the other side, and not to impede the transport of the high specific gravity material from one side to the other side. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating and sorting out metal and resin from pulverized material in which metal and resin are mixed in a waste disposal and recycling process, and to a sorting method.

Due to the recent heightened awareness of environmental protection, more and more attention has been paid to efficient disposal methods for industrial waste. As one of means for treating such industrial wastes, it has been widely practiced conventionally to pulverize the wastes, separate them into metals and resins, and recycle the metals and the resins respectively. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-159052 discloses a technique for stepwise sorting by combining sorting means using wind power, sorting means using magnetic force, sorting means using a sieve, and wet sorting means. It is

Waste copper wire is one of the materials to which such stepwise sorting means is applied. This waste copper wire is often collected with its outer surface covered with a coating resin. Influenced by the soaring transaction price of copper in recent years, a technique for recovering copper from wiring scraps called coated copper wire scraps has attracted attention. As a method for recovering copper from this coated copper wire scrap, after performing pulverization and dry specific gravity separation such as wind force, magnetic force, and sieve, wet specific gravity separation is performed to separate resin and copper. ing.

JP 2006-159052 A

In the sorting of waste as described above, resin and metal can be separated with a certain degree of accuracy even with conventional sorting means that use wind power. In many cases, a small amount of resin waste remains, and there is a demand to easily remove only the small amount of resin waste.

The present invention proposes a new wind separation method that is different from conventional techniques in separating a mixture of pulverized metal and pulverized resin using wind power. To propose a wind sorting means suitable for simply and efficiently removing only crushed resin having a low specific gravity in a situation where a very small amount of crushed resin is mixed.

The present invention achieves the above objects by the following means.
(1) The present invention provides a sorting device for sorting low specific gravity substances from a pulverized mixture in which at least two substances having different specific gravities, high specific gravity substances and low specific gravity substances, are mixed, wherein the sorting device comprises a conveying belt and a fan. wherein said conveyor belt is arranged to convey said ground mixture from one side to the other, said fan outlet being in the conveying plane of said conveyor belt over the entire width of said conveyor belt (14). , and the downward jet flow is set to jet downward from above in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the conveyor belt, and the downward jet flow branches in a direction opposite to the conveying direction of the conveying belt. configured to induce a rearward flow, said rearward flow impeding transport of said low specific gravity material from one side to the other, said low specific gravity material (74) exiting said fan (50). The air volume of the fan is set so that it cannot move from one side to the other side beyond the position of (59) and the transportation of the high specific gravity material from one side to the other side is not hindered. It is characterized by

(2) In addition, a flat plate surface forming a plane substantially parallel to the conveying belt is arranged above the conveying belt, and the space between the flat plate surface and the conveying belt serves as a passage gap for the pulverized mixture. It is also characterized in that the rearward flow flows into the passage gap, thereby preventing the low-specific-gravity material from being conveyed from one side to the other side in the passage gap.
(3) The outlet of the fan has a front-rear opening projection line segment that is the projected length in the front-rear direction of the opening formed between the front end of the flat plate surface and the rear end of the outlet opening/closing plate. , the downward jet stream passes through the front-rear opening projection line segment.
(4) Further, the outlet of the fan is provided with an outlet opening/closing plate for adjusting the area of the forward opening of the outlet, or is provided with a nozzle, so that the downward jetting It is also characterized by being set to eject a stream.

Further, the sorting method in the present invention includes the following means.
(5) A method of sorting a low specific gravity material from a pulverized mixture in which at least two kinds of substances having different specific gravities, a high specific gravity material and a low specific gravity material, are mixed, wherein the sorting method uses a conveying belt to select the pulverized mixture. is conveyed from one side to the other side, and from the exit of the fan, over the entire width of the conveying belt (14), in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the conveying surface of the conveying belt, downward from above. a step of causing a backward flow branching from the downward jet flow in a direction opposite to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt while the jet flow is jetted; The low specific gravity object (74) is transported from one side of the outlet (59) of the fan (50) without being conveyed from one side of the outlet (59) of the fan (50) to the other side. and a step in which the air volume of the fan is set so that it cannot proceed to the other side and only high specific gravity materials are conveyed from one side to the other side. Method.

According to the present invention, even in a situation where a very small amount of low-specific-gravity substances are mixed in a pulverized mixture in which high-specific-gravity substances and low-specific-gravity substances are mixed, only low-specific-gravity substances are simply and efficiently removed. be able to.

It is the figure which looked at the sorting device of this invention from the upper surface, and is a figure showing the state before sorting. It is the figure which looked at the sorting apparatus of this invention from the upper surface, and is a figure showing the state after sorting. It is the figure which looked at the sorting apparatus of this invention from the side. FIG. 2 is a view of the sorting apparatus of the present invention viewed in the PP arrow direction from the PP line cross section of FIG. 1; It is a figure for demonstrating the internal structure of the fan used for the sorting apparatus of this invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating the state of the air flow inside the fan 50 when the sorting apparatus of the present invention is viewed in the QQ arrow direction from the cross section of the QQ line in FIG. 4 ; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state before the pulverized mixture is acted upon by a downward jet flow F1; FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state in which the pulverized mixture is conveyed further downstream from the state of FIG. 7; FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a state in which the pulverized mixture is conveyed further downstream from the state of FIG. 8 and sorting is completed. It is a figure explaining Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure explaining Embodiment 3 of this invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 4 are diagrams illustrating a sorting device 10 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIGS. 1 and 2 are top views of the sorting device 10, and FIG. 3 shows the sorting device 10. It is the figure seen from the side. FIG. 4 is a view seen in the PP arrow direction from the PP line cross section of FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the sorting device 10 has a structure in which a fan 50 is attached to the belt conveyor 12. As shown in FIG. The belt conveyor 12 is provided with rollers 15 and 16 at the front and rear ends of a substantially rectangular outer frame 18 when viewed from above, and the conveyor belt 14 is wound around the rollers 15 and 16. . The conveyor belt 14 has an annular structure with no ends, and is moved from the rear to the front by a driving source (not shown) (the driving direction is indicated by a thick straight arrow in FIGS. 1 to 3). In the description of this specification, as described above, the front-rear direction is defined as the downstream side in the direction in which the belt conveyor 12 moves, and the upstream side as the rear side. The direction is defined as the left-right direction, and the direction orthogonal to the front-back direction and the left-right direction is defined as the up-down direction. In Fig. 3, the cross arrows indicate U for the top and D for the bottom).

A fan 50 is attached to the outer frame 18 of the belt conveyor 12 with a first bracket 54 , a second bracket 55 and a third bracket 56 in an intermediate area in the front-rear direction of the belt conveyor 12 . The fan 50 includes a blower section 52 and a motor section 53 serving as an electric drive section for the blower section 52 . As shown in FIG. 3, the blower section 52 is fixed to the front surface 54A of the first bracket 54 with bolts 79 and 80. As shown in FIG. The first bracket 54 has a substantially L-shaped cross section, and an upper surface 54B extending in a direction orthogonal to a front surface 54A on which bolts 79 and 80 for attaching the air blower 52 are arranged. It is fixed to the second bracket 55 by . Further, the second bracket 55 is fixed to the third bracket 56 with bolts 83 and 84, and the third bracket 56 is fixed to the outer frame 18 with bolts 85 and 86. As shown in FIG. An outlet opening/closing plate 58 is provided on the air outlet side of the air blower 52 . As shown in FIG. 4, the outlet opening/closing plate 58 is provided with position adjustment grooves 88 at three locations. It is attached so that the vertical position can be adjusted. By changing the position of the outlet opening/closing plate 58 in the vertical direction, the area of the forward opening of the air outlet 59 is adjusted. It should be noted that the outlet 59 has not only a forward-facing opening, but also a downward-facing opening, which will be explained in detail later.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the internal structure of the fan 50. As shown in FIG. The fan 50 has a structure in which a rotating blade portion 62 is provided inside a housing 61 . The rotating vane portion 62 has a cylindrical shape, has a large number of vanes 63 on the outer periphery of the cylinder, and rotates around a rotation axis AX indicated by a dashed line. A motor portion 53 is arranged on one side portion of the housing 61 , and the rotating vane portion 62 is rotated by the motor portion 53 . A lower side surface of the housing 61 is a flat plate surface 64 , and a space below the rotary vane portion 62 and above the flat plate surface 64 is an air discharge path 66 . A reinforcing plate 68 is attached to the front side of the housing 61 . In addition, air is sucked from the upper surface side of the housing 61 . In the present embodiment, a cross-flow fan is used as the fan 50. However, the fan 50 is not limited to this, and any air blowing device can be used.

Next, the operation of sorting the pulverized mixture 70 by the sorting apparatus 10 of the present invention will be described. In FIG. 1, the pulverized mixture 70 is placed on the upstream side of the conveyor belt 14 (the rear side in the definition of the front-rear direction). This pulverized mixture 70 is pulverized in advance by a known pulverizing means in a step prior to the sorting step by the sorting device 10 of the present invention, or after pulverization, by a known wind force, magnetic force, sieve, etc. It has been provisionally sorted to a certain extent by the sorting means. In any event, the pulverized mixture 70 is a mixture of at least two substances having different specific gravities, a high specific gravity substance 72 and a low specific gravity substance 74 . The high specific gravity material 72 is, for example, pulverized metal, and the low specific gravity material 74 is, for example, pulverized resin. For example, in the case of the recycling of coated copper wire scraps, the high specific gravity substances 72 are pulverized copper nuggets, and the low specific gravity substances 74 are pulverized coating resin. In the case of pulverized particles of copper nuggets and coating resin, for example, the pulverized mixture 70 is often sorted in a state of about 2 mm to 4 mm in size. The shape of the sheath is displayed slightly larger than the actual one.

As shown in FIG. 1, the pulverized mixture 70 placed on the upstream side of the conveyor belt 14 is conveyed forward by the conveyor belt 14 . As shown in FIG. 3, between the flat plate surface 64 of the housing 61 of the fan 50 and the conveyor belt 14 is a passage gap 60 into which the pulverized mixture 70 can enter. go. The pulverized mixture 70 entering the passage gap 60 is sorted into high specific gravity substances 72 and low specific gravity substances 74 by an air flow jetted from the outlet 59 of the fan 50 by a mechanism which will be described in detail later, and only the high specific gravity substances 72 are separated. passes through the passage gap 60 and is conveyed toward the downstream side of the belt conveyor 12. - 特許庁As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to recover the pulverized material containing substantially only the high specific gravity material 72 . (Note that the "pulverized material containing almost only the high specific gravity material 72" means not only the pulverized material that is 100% entirely composed of the high specific gravity material 72, but also some of the pulverized material that has passed through the passage gap 60 for some accidental reason. It means a pulverized material containing a low specific gravity material 74.)

Next, a mechanism for sorting out the high specific gravity substances 72 and the low specific gravity substances 74 by the airflow jetted from the outlet 59 of the fan 50 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of the air flow inside the fan 50 when viewed in the QQ arrow direction from the QQ line cross section of FIG. 4 . The arrows in FIG. 6 schematically show how the air flows. When the rotating vane 62 rotates clockwise in the figure, the air inflow provided on the upper surface of the housing 61 Air is sucked from the passage 67, and the sucked air is sent to the lower side of the rotary vane portion 62 by the rotation of the rotary vane portion 62. sent to proceed. Of the airflow in the air discharge passage 66, the flow on the side closer to the flat plate surface 64, which is the bottom surface of the housing 61, is discharged in a direction orthogonal to the plate surface of the outlet opening/closing plate 58, as indicated by the dotted arrow F2. . The forward flow indicated by the dotted arrow F2 is hereinafter referred to as a forward jet flow F2. On the other hand, of the air flow in the air discharge passage 66, the flow on the side away from the flat plate surface 64 which is the bottom surface of the housing 61 collides with the plate surface of the outlet opening/closing plate 58, and a part of the flow is bent downward. , in a direction parallel to the plate surface of the outlet opening/closing plate 58 (in a direction orthogonal to the flat plate surface 64 that is the bottom surface of the housing 61), as indicated by a solid arrow F1. The flow indicated by the solid-line arrow F1 and directed from above to below in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the conveying surface of the conveying belt 14 is hereinafter referred to as a downward jet flow F1. The effect of the downward jet flow F1 on the pulverized mixture 70 will be further described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9. FIG.

FIG. 7 shows a state before the pulverized mixture 70 that has entered the passage gap 60 is subjected to the action of the downward jet flow F1. The downward jet flow F1 is the projected length in the longitudinal direction of the opening formed between the vertical reference line Z1 at the front end of the flat plate surface 64 and the vertical reference line Z2 at the rear end of the outlet opening/closing plate 58. It passes through a certain front-to-rear aperture projection line segment 59A. Since the front-rear opening projection line segment 59A is defined as shown in FIG. 7 in the left-right direction full width of the fan 50, the aggregate area of this projection line segment 59A is the total front-rear opening through which the downward jet flow F1 passes. projected area. The flow that has passed through the front-rear direction opening projection line segment 59A hits the upper surface of the conveyor belt 14 . As a result, a forward flow F1F and a backward flow F1B are generated along the upper surface of the conveyor belt 14 .

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the pulverized mixture 70 is conveyed further downstream from the state of FIG. When the pulverized mixture 70 sufficiently approaches the backward flow F1B generated along the upper surface of the conveying belt 14, the low-specific-gravity materials 74 are swept backward by the backward flow F1B, and the front-rear direction opening line segment 59A. cannot move forward beyond the position of On the other hand, the objects with high specific gravity 72 can move forward together with the conveyor belt 14 without being swept away by the backward flow F1B. In the sorting apparatus 10 of the present invention, the air volume of the backward flow F1B is the strength (air volume or wind pressure strength) with which the low specific gravity objects 74 cannot move forward but the high specific gravity objects 72 can move forward. It is adjusted so that This adjustment is performed from a state in which the air volume of the fan 50 is sufficiently weak (a state in which the low-specific-gravity materials 74 are not flowed backward by the backward flow F1B) while the pulverized mixture 70 is actually flowing on the belt conveyor 12. By gradually increasing the strength, it is possible to set an appropriate state. When adjusting the fan 50, if the outlet opening/closing plate 58 is slightly opened so that the forward jet flow F2 is slightly generated as described in FIG. 6, the forward jet flow F2 will flow out. Since the downward jet flow F1 is weakened by that amount, the adjustment range of the air volume and air pressure of the fan 50 is widened, so there is an advantage that adjustment is easy. However, if the outlet opening/closing plate 58 is opened too much, the flow of the downward jet flow F1 will become small, and the wind force that can prevent the low-specific-gravity object 74 from advancing forward will not be possible. It is important to set the opening size to the extent that the directional jet flow F2 is generated. For example, in the case of the recycling of coated copper wire scraps, if the copper nuggets and coated resin pulverized grains are about 2 mm to 4 mm, the opening size of the outlet opening/closing plate 58 (the outlet opening/closing plate The vertical gap between the lower end of 58 and the upper surface of flat plate surface 64) is preferably about 3 mm to 8 mm.

In this way, only the high-specific-gravity substances 72 are conveyed forward, so that pulverized substances containing almost only the high-specific-gravity substances 72 can finally be sorted out as shown in FIG.

By stopping the fan 50 at regular intervals, the low-specific-gravity objects 74 staying in the passage gap 60 by this sorting move forward together with the conveying belt 14 and come out of the passage gap 60. The conveying belt 14 is temporarily stopped at this timing, and the particles can be collected by a suction device or the like. Alternatively, without stopping the fan 50, an operator may periodically collect the dust using a cleaner with a nozzle or the like.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a sorting device 10 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the outlet opening/closing plate 58 is fully closed. As described above, in the sorting apparatus 10 of the present invention, the air volume and wind pressure of the backward flow F1B are adjusted so that the low specific gravity objects 74 cannot move forward, but the high specific gravity objects 72 can move forward. If the fan 50 has a sufficient range width for adjustment, the outlet opening/closing plate 58 may be fully closed from the beginning as in the second embodiment. good. However, when the outlet opening/closing plate 58 is fully closed, the area of the discharge outlet 59 of the fan 50 is reduced, and the discharge flow is accumulated inside the fan 50, which places a load on the motor portion 53 of the fan 50. It is also necessary to pay attention to In terms of the load on the motor section 53, the first embodiment is more advantageous than the second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a sorting device 10 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In Embodiment 3, the ejection flow from the nozzle 90 is configured to generate a forward flow F1F and a backward flow F1B. A blow passage 92 is connected to the nozzle 90, and the upstream of the blow passage 92 is connected to an air outlet of a blower such as the fan 50. It does not need to be fixed to the belt conveyor 12 as in the case above, and can be installed at a position away from the belt conveyor 12. - 特許庁The nozzle 90 has a length equal to or slightly narrower than the lateral width of the transport belt 14 of the belt conveyor 12 . As shown in FIG. 11, the blowing passage 92 also extends linearly in the vertical direction on the connection portion side of the nozzle 90, thereby rectifying the downward jet flow F1 and stably sending it to the nozzle 90. It's like When air is ejected from the nozzle 90 in a direction substantially orthogonal to the upper surface of the conveyor belt 14, a forward flow F1F and a backward flow F1B are generated. The pulverized mixture 70 is screened by the same action as . It should be noted that the flat plate surface 64 that forms the passage gap 60 between the conveying belt 14 and the conveying belt 14 can stably cause the backward flow F1B to flow along the conveying belt 14. This is advantageous in that it is easy to adjust the backward flow F1B to a strength that does not allow the low-specific-gravity objects 74 to advance forward, and that the low-specific-gravity objects 74 do not scatter and become difficult to collect. The nozzle 90 and the flat plate surface 64 are fixed to the outer frame 18 of the belt conveyor 12 using appropriate brackets or the like.

In addition, in the description of the above embodiment, the selection of two types of pulverized mixtures of high specific gravity and low specific gravity was explained. Also, two sorting devices 10 of the present invention are provided in series, the pulverized material with the lowest specific gravity is sorted in the upstream sorting device 10, and the pulverized product with the second lowest specific gravity is sorted in the downstream sorting device 10. By doing so, three or more kinds of pulverized products having different specific gravities can be sorted out. The same can be done when sorting out pulverized products having four or more different specific gravities.

Thus, according to the sorting method by the sorting apparatus 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a very small amount of low-specific-gravity substances are mixed in the pulverized mixture in which high-specific-gravity substances and low-specific-gravity substances are intermingled. Even under certain circumstances, it is possible to simply and efficiently remove only low specific gravity objects.

In addition, the present invention is not limited only to the embodiments disclosed above, and as a technology that is substantially the same as each technical item described in the embodiment of the present invention or a technology that produces a similar effect Techniques recognized by those skilled in the art can be used as appropriate, used as alternative techniques, or additionally added. Moreover, it is also possible to implement by rearranging the characteristic configurations of the above embodiments.

In addition, throughout this specification, the parts numbered in the drawings are described as the minimum required components in each embodiment of the present invention, and are numbered in the drawings. It does not mean that the present invention consists only of the parts described above.

10 Sorting device 12 Belt conveyor 14 Conveyor belts 15, 16 Roller 18 Outer frame 50 Fan 52 Blower unit 53 Motor unit 54 First bracket 54A Front surface 54B Upper surface 55 Second bracket 56 Third bracket 58 Exit opening/closing plate 59 Exit 59A Front and back Directional opening projected line segment 60 Passing gap 61 Housing 62 Rotating blade portion 63 Blade 64 Flat plate surface 66 Air discharge passage 67 Air inflow passage 68 Reinforcement plate 70 Pulverized mixture 72 High specific gravity object 74 Low specific gravity object 79-86 Bolt 90 Nozzle 92 Blowing passage
AX rotary axis
F1 downward flow
F2 forward jet flow
F1F forward flow
F1B backward flow

Claims (5)

In a sorting device (10) for sorting a low specific gravity material (74) from a pulverized mixture (70) containing at least two substances having different specific gravities, a high specific gravity material (72) and a low specific gravity material (74),
The sorting device (10) comprises a conveyor belt (14) and a fan (50),
said transport belt (14) is arranged to transport said ground mixture (70) from one side to the other;
The outlet (59) of the fan (50 ) has a downward ejection flow ( F1), and the downward jet flow (F1) causes a backward flow (F1B) branching in a direction opposite to the conveying direction of the conveying belt (14). is set to
The backward flow (F1B) prevents the low specific gravity material (74) from being conveyed from one side to the other side, and the low specific gravity material (74) is located above the outlet (59) of the fan (50). The air volume of the fan (50) is set so that it cannot move from one side to the other side and the transportation of the high specific gravity object (72) from one side to the other side is not hindered. A sorting device (10) characterized by: Above the transport belt (14), a flat plate surface (64) forming a plane substantially parallel to the transport belt (14) is arranged. A passage gap (60) for the pulverized mixture (70) is provided, and the backward flow (F1B) flows into the passage gap (60), so that the low specific gravity material ( 2. Sorting device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport from one side of 74) to the other is impeded. The outlet (59) of the fan (50) is the projected length in the front-rear direction of the opening formed between the front end of the flat plate surface (64) and the rear end of the outlet opening/closing plate (58). 3. Sorting device (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that it has an opening projection line (59A) and said downward jet (F1) passes through said front-to-back opening projection line (59A). The outlet (59) of the fan (50) is provided with an outlet opening/closing plate (58) for adjusting the area of the forward opening of the outlet (59), or a nozzle (90) is provided. 2. Sorting device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is set to eject said downward jet (F1) by being A sorting method for sorting out a low specific gravity material (74) from a pulverized mixture (70) in which at least two substances having different specific gravities, a high specific gravity material (72) and a low specific gravity material (74), are mixed,
The sorting method comprises a step of conveying the pulverized mixture (70) from one side to the other side by a conveying belt (14);
From the outlet (59) of the fan (50 ), a downward jet flow (F1 ) is ejected, and a backward flow (F1B) branching from the downward jet flow (F1) in a direction opposite to the conveying direction of the conveying belt (14) is caused;
The backward flow (F1B) does not convey the low specific gravity material (74) from one side to the other side of the outlet (59) of the fan (50), and the low specific gravity material (74) is The fan (50) cannot advance from one side to the other side beyond the position of the outlet (59) of the fan (50), and is strong enough to convey only the high specific gravity object (72) from one side to the other side. , and a step of setting the air volume of the fan (50).

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