JP5243222B2 - Powder separation device, powder separation system, and powder separation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a powder separation device, a powder separation system, and a powder separation method.

  PVC (vinyl chloride resin) wallpaper, laminate of paper and resin or inorganic materials such as plasterboard, tile carpet, soundproof sheet, waterproof sheet, construction safety net, flexible container, etc. A composite material such as a laminate or a laminate in which a fiber layer is impregnated with a resin is widely used. Accordingly, several million tons of waste materials from these laminates are generated annually. However, full-scale recycling of such composite materials including different materials has not been established yet.

  In order to recycle such a composite material, in particular, material recycle, it is necessary to pulverize such a composite material and separate it for each material.

As a method for efficiently pulverizing such a composite material, for example, a pulverization apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known. As a powder separation device, for example, a powder separation device disclosed in Patent Documents 2 to 7 is known.
JP 2008-110274 A JP 2007-216171 A JP 2004-313994 A JP 2008-279436 A JP-A-11-207263 JP-A-6-329827 JP 2003-127140 A

  However, for example, when a composite material including a fibrous material is pulverized, a lump powder in which the fibrous powders are entangled is formed, and the granular resin powder is taken into the lump powder. In many cases, it has been difficult to efficiently separate them with a conventional apparatus. Also, for example, even when a composite material containing a vinyl chloride resin powder and a calcium carbonate powder is pulverized, the calcium carbonate powder often adheres to the vinyl chloride resin powder, and it may be difficult to separate these with high accuracy. there were.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a powder separation apparatus, a powder separation method, and a powder separation system using the same, which can suitably separate a mixture of different kinds of powders. For the purpose.

  The powder separation device according to the present invention includes a cylindrical body extending in the vertical direction, an inflow opening that opens at a lower portion of the cylindrical body and into which the powder to be separated flows together with the gas, and is opposed to the inflow opening in the cylindrical body. An inclined plate that is provided at a position where the lower part is inclined closer to the inflow opening than the upper part, and an outflow opening that opens to the upper part of the cylindrical body and allows some powder to flow out together with the gas. Prepare.

  The powder separation method according to the present invention is provided at a position facing the inflow opening in the cylindrical body from the inflow opening opening in the lower part of the cylindrical body extending in the vertical direction so that the lower part is closer to the inflow opening than the upper part. The powder to be separated and the gas are supplied to and collide with the inclined plate inclined in the vertical direction, and a part of the powder flows out together with the gas from the outflow opening that opens in the upper part of the cylindrical body.

  According to the present invention, the powder to be separated in the gas supplied from the inflow opening hits the inclined plate, and the entangled powder and the adhering powder are physically separated from each other by being crushed or defibrated. Then, it is blown upward together with the rising gas. Of the blown up powder to be separated, relatively light powders, small powders, powders such as fibers that are likely to jump out are discharged from the outflow opening together with the gas. On the other hand, relatively heavy powder, large powder, granular powder, lump powder, etc. that are difficult to jump out of the powder to be separated are blown up in a portion where the flow in the cylindrical body is stabilized to some extent, It falls again due to its own weight, hits the inclined plate again by the gas flowing in from the inflow opening, is crushed or defibrated, and the relatively light powder, small powder, fiber, etc. And it is blown upward. On the other hand, powder that is particularly difficult to jump out slides down on the inclined plate and accumulates below the inflow opening of the cylindrical body. As a result, powder that is difficult to jump out, such as heavy powder, large powder, and bulk powder, and powder that is easy to pop out, such as light powder, small powder, and fibrous powder, are separated from each other with high accuracy. .

  Here, it is preferable to further include a valve that suppresses the gas flow and discharges the other powder accumulated below the outflow opening of the cylindrical body to the outside of the cylindrical body. In this way, by providing a valve such as a rotary valve that selectively discharges powder compared to gas, it is possible to discharge powder that is difficult to jump out continuously or batchwise, and is excellent in continuous operability.

  Here, the angle between the inclined plate and the horizontal direction is preferably 45 to 60 °. Thereby, the separation efficiency can be increased.

  Moreover, it is preferable to further provide a gas opening for taking in the gas at the lower part of the cylindrical body. By controlling the flow rate from the gas opening, it is easy to control the empty cylinder speed in the cylindrical body.

  Moreover, it is preferable that gas flows into the cylindrical body from the inflow opening at a linear velocity of 10 to 30 m / s.

  In the first powder separation system according to the present invention, a plurality of the above-described powder separation devices are connected in series, and the powder separation device in the previous stage is another powder that accumulates below the outflow opening of the cylindrical body. Is further provided with a valve that suppresses the gas flow and discharges it outside the cylindrical body, and the powder discharged from the valve of the preceding powder separation device is introduced into the inflow opening of the subsequent powder separation device together with the gas. To be supplied. Thereby, since multi-stage separation is performed, powder can be separated more accurately. In particular, it is possible to separate the powder that is difficult to jump out with high accuracy.

  In the second powder separation system according to the present invention, a plurality of the above-mentioned powder separation devices are connected in series, and the powder and gas discharged from the outflow opening of the previous powder separation device are separated into the subsequent powder separation. It is supplied to the inflow opening of the device. Also by this, since multi-stage separation is performed, the powder can be separated more accurately. In particular, high-precision separation of powder that tends to jump out becomes possible.

  Another powder separation system according to the present invention includes a pulverization apparatus and the above-described powder separation apparatus, and the powder pulverized by the pulverization apparatus enters the inlet opening of the pulverization apparatus. The supplied powdering device includes an inner cylinder that is rotated around a rotation axis, an outer cylinder that is arranged substantially coaxially with the inner cylinder and surrounds the inner cylinder, and a striking member provided on the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder; The both ends of the inner cylinder in the axial direction are closed, and the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder is disposed closer to the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder than the rotation axis of the inner cylinder.

  According to this, since the composite material is pulverized very finely by the pulverizer, the separation accuracy in the powder separator is further improved.

  Still another powder separation system according to the present invention includes a powdering apparatus and the powdering apparatus described above. The powdering apparatus includes an inner cylinder that is rotated about a rotation axis, an outer cylinder that is arranged substantially coaxially with the inner cylinder and surrounds the inner cylinder, a striking member provided on an outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder, and an outer peripheral surface And a roll that is rotated about an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the inner cylinder, and extends in the axial direction of the outer cylinder at a position facing the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder in the outer cylinder. The roll is disposed outside the outer cylinder so that a part of the outer peripheral surface of the roll faces the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder through the opening, and the outer cylinder is disposed on the outer surface so that the inner cylinder and the roll face each other. They are rotated so that they move in different directions. Furthermore, the powder recovered by the roll of the powdering device is supplied to the inflow opening of the powdering device.

  According to this, the fiber disentangled in the form of a single fiber by the roll of the powdering device is separated with high accuracy, and this fiber can be separated with higher accuracy.

  Here, it is preferable to further include a recycle line for returning the powder collected from the valve of the powder separation device to the pulverization device. As a result, the composite material can be further pulverized and the classification accuracy can be improved.

  Still another powder separation system according to the present invention includes a sieving device for classifying a powdered product of a composite material and the above-described powder separation device, and the classified powder is an inflow opening of the powder separation device. To be supplied.

  As a result, the powder having a uniform particle size is supplied to the powder classifier, so that the classification performance is further improved.

  Still another powder separation system according to the present invention includes a defibrating device for defibrating a powdered composite material and the above-described powder separating device, and the defibrated powder is a powder separating device. It is supplied to the inflow opening.

  Thereby, since defibration is performed in advance, the separation performance is further improved.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the powder separation apparatus which can isolate | separate the mixture of a different kind of powder suitably, the powder separation method, and the powder separation system using the same are provided.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. In addition, the dimensional ratio in each drawing does not necessarily match the actual dimensional ratio.

(Powder separator 10)
First, an example of the powder separation apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  A powder separation apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment mainly includes a cylindrical body 1, an inflow pipe 6, an outflow pipe 7, an inclined plate 4, and a valve 5.

  The cylindrical body 1 has an axis extending in the vertical direction, and the cross-sectional shape is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a circle, a rectangle, a square, or the like. The cylindrical body 1 is preferably fixed on the gantry 9. Although the height and inner diameter (equivalent circle diameter) of the cylindrical body 1 are not particularly limited, in order to obtain a substantially stable updraft that is neither a swirl flow, a spiral flow, nor a local flow in the cylinder, the aspect ratio is 2 Above, preferably 3 or more. For example, the inner diameter (equivalent circle diameter) can be 100 to 8000 mm, and the height can be 500 to 6000 mm.

  An inflow opening 6b is provided in the lower part of the cylindrical body 1, and an inflow pipe 6 that preferably extends in the horizontal direction is connected to the inflow opening 6b. The shape of the inflow opening 6b is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a rectangle, a circle, or a square. Although the diameter of the inflow opening 6b is not specifically limited, For example, it can be 20-300 mm. Further, the length of the inflow pipe 6 is not particularly limited. The inflow speed of gas can be set to 10 to 30 m / s, for example.

  The inflow pipe 6 is provided with a damper 6a so that the gas flow rate can be adjusted.

  The upper part of the cylindrical body 1 is closed, and an outflow opening 7b is formed at the upper end. An outflow pipe 7 extending upward is connected to the outflow opening 7b. In addition, the outflow opening 7b may be provided in the side surface of the upper part of a cylindrical body.

  Although the diameter of the outflow opening 7b is not specifically limited, For example, it can be set as 20-300 mm. Further, the length of the outflow pipe 7 is not particularly limited. The shape of the outflow opening 7b is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, a rectangle, a circle, or a square.

  In the lower part in the cylindrical body 1, the inclined plate 4 is disposed at a position facing the inflow opening 6b. The inclined plate 4 is inclined so that the upper part 4a is separated from the inflow opening 6b and the lower part 4b is closer to the inflow opening 6b, that is, the surface facing the inflow opening 6b faces upward. . The angle θ formed with the horizontal direction of the inclined plate 4 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 60 °.

  Below the inflow opening 6b in the cylindrical body 1, a valve that selectively discharges the powder with respect to the gas, that is, a valve that discharges the powder to the outside of the cylindrical body 1 while suppressing the gas flow. 5 is provided. Specifically, the valve 5 is provided between the lower portion 4b of the inclined plate 4 and the lower portion than the inflow opening 6b in the cylindrical body. As the valve 5, a rotary valve or the like that can discharge powder without substantially flowing out and flowing in gas can be used. The valve 5 can easily discharge the powder accumulated in the cylindrical body to the outside.

  Here, the inclined plate 4 is in contact with the cylindrical body 1 except for the valve 5 in the cylindrical body. Therefore, the gas flowing in from the inflow pipe 6 moves upward in the cylindrical body.

  Then, the effect | action of such a powder separation apparatus 10 is demonstrated.

  First, a mixture of different types of powders is prepared as a powder to be separated. Different types of powders refer to powders that differ from each other in the ease of popping out of the airflow when placed in the airflow. For example, the weight (density) is different, the size is different, and the shape is different. (Fibrous and granular) or a composite state of these may be considered. Specifically, a mixture of light powder and heavy powder, a mixture of large powder and small powder, and a mixture of granular powder and fibrous powder.

  Such a mixture can be obtained, for example, as a powdered composite material containing different materials. Examples of such composite materials include PVC (vinyl chloride resin) wallpaper, plasterboard, and other laminates of paper and resin or inorganic materials, tile carpets, soundproof sheets, waterproof sheets, construction safety nets, flexible containers And a composite material such as a laminate of a resin layer and a fiber layer, or a laminate in which a fiber layer is impregnated with a resin.

The mixture powder I ₁ which is an object to be separated was supplied from the inlet pipe 6 into the cylindrical body 1 together with the gas. Then, the mixed powder in the gas supplied from the inflow opening 6b hits the inclined plate 4 and is crushed or defibrated, that is, the gas rising in a state where the powders are not adhered or entangled. It is blown upward together with A. Of the mixed powder that has been blown up, a relatively light powder, a small powder, and a powder that is likely to jump out, such as fibers, are discharged together with the gas as powder O ₁ . On the other hand, among the blown-up mixed powders, powders that are difficult to jump out, such as relatively heavy powders, large powders, granular and lump powders, etc. As indicated by the arrow C at the upper part, it falls again by its own weight, hits the inclined plate 4 again by the gas flowing in from the inflow opening 6b, and is crushed and defibrated again. And the powder which is easily separated by being loosened is blown upward together with the gas. In this way, the powder that is easy to jump out is discharged from the outflow opening 7b, and the powder that is difficult to jump out remains in the cylindrical body 1 and is separated from each other. At this time, fibrous powder and granular powder entangled or small powder adhering to large powder are crushed and defibrated by repeatedly colliding with the inclined plate. Since they are separated from each other, the separation is extremely efficient. Thus, the particles can be separated according to the ease with which the particles jump out in the airflow. And, as described above, the ease of ejecting particles is determined according to the shape (fibrous, granular, etc.), particle size, density, etc., and is often different depending on the normal material, so that different materials can be separated. It becomes.

Further, the hard powder, the large powder, the powder that is difficult to jump out, such as a granular powder or a lump powder, slide down on the inclined plate 4 as indicated by an arrow D and are below the inflow opening 6b. It tends to collect between the lower part of the plate 4 and the cylindrical body 1. Then, these powders P ₁ may be discharged from without the tubular body within 1 to give little effect on the flow of gas through the valve 5. Thereby, continuous operation becomes possible.

For example, when the powder product of composite material comprising a resin and fibers (including pulp) mixed powder I _1, as a powder O ₁ fibers (including pulp), as a powder P ₁ resin powder discharge can do. Also, the powder product of composite material including a resin and calcium carbonate When I _1, a calcium carbonate powder as a powder O _1, it is possible to discharge the resin powder as powder P1.

  Here, the operating conditions of the powder separation device are not particularly limited, but the boundary of the separation is mainly based on the empty cylinder speed of the gas flowing through the cylindrical body 1 (flow rate / cross-sectional area in the absence of powder). It can be set arbitrarily. Then, the empty cylinder speed V in the upper part of the cylindrical body 1 is set to a value between the terminal speed of the powder to be discharged by jumping out and the terminal speed of the powder to be discharged by dropping. preferable.

  Here, in the above embodiment, the surface (upper surface) of the inclined plate 4 is smooth, but, for example, a plurality of concave portions and a plurality of convex portions are formed, and the flow is disturbed near the surface of the inclined plate 4, It is also preferable to increase the pulverization effect and the fibrillation effect. Further, by providing a gas injection nozzle or a window (for example, a triangle) on the inclined plate 4 and further injecting gas into the cylindrical body 1 continuously or intermittently, the crushing effect is similarly obtained. And the defibrating effect can be increased.

(Powder separator 11)
Next, an example of another powder separation apparatus according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The powder separation apparatus 11 according to the present embodiment is different from the powder separation apparatus 10 in that it further has a gas opening 8b, and a gas inflow pipe 8 and a damper 8a are provided in the gas opening 8b. In FIG. 2, the inflow opening 6 b and the gas opening 8 b are arranged in the vertical direction with the inflow opening 6 b on the upper side, but the inflow opening 6 b faces the inclined plate 4 and the gas opening 8 b is a cylinder. As long as it is disposed at the lower part of the body 1, it may be disposed in the vertical direction so that the inflow opening 6 b is below the gas opening 8 b, or may be disposed in the horizontal direction with respect to each other. The opening 8b may be disposed on the side surface of the cylindrical body with respect to the position where the inflow opening 6b is provided, or on the opposite surface of the cylindrical body with respect to the position where the inflow opening 6b is provided.

In this powder separation apparatus, a mixture of mixed powder and gas is supplied as I ₁ from the inflow pipe 6, and only gas is supplied as I ₂ from the gas inflow pipe 8. Such a powder separation device 11 can easily adjust the empty cylinder speed V in the cylindrical body 1 in each powder separation device independently in each tube when the powder separation devices are connected in series.

(Powder separation system 100)
Subsequently, a powder separation system 100 using the above-described powder separation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. The powder separation system 100 mainly includes a defibrating device 20, powder separation devices 10a, 10b, 10c, a sieving device 30, a gas-solid separation device 25, and a gas suction blower 24.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the defibrating apparatus 20 mainly includes a trunk portion 20a, a receiving hopper 20b that receives powder, a scratch roll 20c, spacers 20d and 20e, and a wire brush 20g.

  The body portion 20a forms a cavity for accommodating the scratch roll 20c, and is provided with a powder receiving hopper 20b at the top.

  The scratch roll 20c has a large number of hook-like claws arranged on the surface, and can catch fibers. The scratch roll 20c is rotated in the direction of arrow E by a motor (not shown), and the upper part of the scratch roll 20c catches the powder in the hopper 20b and transfers it into the body 20a.

  Spacers 20d and 20e are provided between the receiving hopper 20b and the scratch roll 20c. The spacer 20d is provided on the upstream side of the rotation of the scratch roll 20c when viewed from the receiving hopper 20b side, and fills the space between the receiving hopper 20b and the scratch roll 20c to enter the powder body 20a. Prevent falling. The spacer 20e is provided on the downstream side of the rotation of the scratch roll 20c when viewed from the receiving hopper 20b side, fills the space between the receiving hopper 20b and the scratch roll 20c, and enters the powder barrel 20a. Prevent falling. Moreover, the wire brush 20g is provided in the surface facing the scratch roll 20c of the spacer 20e. The wire brush 20g is provided with many metal needles, and the needle of the wire brush 20g is preferably inclined in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the scratch roll 20c (see FIG. 4). The fibers in the powder caught by the scratch roll 20c are defibrated by the interaction between the scratch roll 20c and the wire brush 20g, become a single fiber, and are supplied into the trunk portion 20a.

An opening 20h is provided on one end side (left side in FIG. 4) of the body 20a, and a gas such as air is supplied into the body 20a from the opening 20h. Moreover, the flow path 20i and the opening 20f are provided in the other end side of the trunk | drum 20a. Scratch roll 20c and fibers and other powders which are a single fibrous by interaction with the wire brush 20g is moved within the flow path 20i by the gas G ₁ supplied from the opening 20h, the powder I through the opening 20f ₂ is discharged.

Returning to FIG. 3, the opening 20f of the opener device 20 via the line L _1, and is connected to the inlet pipe 6 of the powder separation device 10a. A powder receiver 9a is provided at the outlet of the valve 5 of the powder separator 10a. The powder received 9a, line L ₂ for sucking the powder P ₁ on the powder receiving 9a with gas G _2, such as air, is provided around the line L ₂ is a powder separation device 10b It is connected to the inflow pipe 6.

A powder receiver 9b is provided at the outlet of the valve 5 of the powder separator 10b. The powder undergoes 9b, line L ₃ for sucking the powder on receiving the powder with the gas G _3, such as air, around 9b are provided, the inlet pipe of the line L ₃ is a powder separation device 10c 6 is connected.

The outlet of the valve 5 of the powder separation device 10c is a belt conveyor, and the powder transfer device 29 such as a bucket conveyor is installed, the powder P ₃ discharged from the valve 5 is supplied to a sieve device 30 .

  Here, the inner diameters of the powder separation apparatuses 10a, 10b, and 10c are substantially the same, and the three empty cylinder velocities V in the respective cylindrical bodies 1 are substantially the same. In these three powder separation devices 10a, 10b, and 10c, the valve 5 for selectively discharging the powder and the introduction pipe 6 are connected in series with each other.

Sieving device 30, the powder P _3, into a plurality depending on the particle size, to produce a powder P _4, P ₅ having a uniform particle size.

On the other hand, each powder separator 10a, 10b, 10c outflow pipe 7 is connected to a gas-solid separation device 25 such as a cyclone or bag filter via a line L _4, gas-solid gas outlet of the separation device 25 Is connected to the blower 24, while the solid discharge port is connected to the powder recovery unit 27. The powders O ₁ , O ₂ , and O ₃ discharged from the powder separation devices 10a, 10b, and 10c are collected by the gas-solid separation device 25 and stored in the powder collection unit 27. Thereafter, volume reduction processing may be performed by compression or the like as necessary.

In such a powder separation system 100, first, a mixture I of fibrous powder (including pulp) and granular powder, such as a powdered product of a composite material including fibers (including paper) and a resin, for example. ₁ is put into the defibrating apparatus 20. Usually, in the mixed powder obtained by pulverizing such a composite material, the fibers are intertwined in a complicated manner, and the granular powder is taken into the intricately intertwined mass of the fibers. In particular, a composite material containing 25 wt% or more of pulp has such a tendency that the volume ratio swells to about 20 times by pulverization.

  In the present embodiment, by passing through the defibrating device 20, it is easy to loosen the fiber powder lump to a certain extent and separate it into individual fibers, so that separation at a later stage can be suitably performed.

Then, the loosened mixed powder I ₂ enters the powder separation device 10 a through the line L ₁ together with a gas such as air sucked from G ₁ . In the powder separator 10a, the fibers are discharged from the outlet pipe 7, the remainder of the powder P ₁ is collected in the discharge has been powder received 9a from the valve 5. Then, the powder _{P 1} enters via the line _{L 2} with the gas G1 such as air powder separation device 10b. In the powder separator 10b, the fibers remaining in the powder P ₁ is discharged from the outlet pipe 7, the remaining powder P ₂ is collected in is discharged powder receiving 9b from the valve 5. Then, the powder _{P 2,} together with the gas _{G 3,} such as air, enters the powder separation device 10c via the line _{L 3.} In the powder separation device 10 c, the remaining fibers are discharged from the outflow pipe 7, and the remaining granular powder P ₃ is discharged from the valve 5 and supplied to the sieving device 30 by the powder conveying device 29. Then, the powder _{P 3} is sieved powder P4, P5 is obtained.

  On the other hand, the fibrous powder separated from the mixed powder is recovered by the powder recovery unit 27 via the gas-solid separation device 25.

  According to this, since a plurality of powder separation devices 10 are provided in series, a granular powder from which the fibrous powder has been removed with high accuracy can be obtained. For example, in a so-called PVC wallpaper in which PVC resin and paper are laminated or PVC resin is impregnated into paper, powder mixture of granular PVC resin and fibers can be obtained by pulverization. According to the system, granular PVC resin powder having a very low fiber content can be obtained. For example, such granular polyvinyl chloride resin powder can be used as a raw material for a vinyl chloride paste sol at room temperature after adding a virgin material as necessary if it is 300 μm or less, preferably 200 μm or less. Moreover, if it is 300-1000 micrometers particulate PVC resin powder, if it knead | mixes with a virgin material as needed using kneading apparatuses, such as a Banbury mixer, even if it adds a ratio of 50 wt% or more, it will be enough vinyl chloride. Recyclable as a resin. In addition, when the vinyl chloride resin powder of 1000 micrometers or more is obtained, it should just pulverize and make it fine. Further, since a defibrating device is further provided in the front stage of the powder separation device, the fibrous powder can be removed with higher accuracy. The defibrating device 20 is not essential, and the structure is not particularly limited to the above embodiment. Further, the number of stages of the powder separation apparatus 10 is not limited to three stages, and can be implemented with one or two stages, and may be four or more stages.

  The recovered fiber powder is also suitable for various recycling because there is little mixing of the granular powder. For example, pulp powder is suitable as a raw material for recycled paper.

  For example, by setting the cylinder velocity V in each powder separation device 10 to 0.8 m / s and making the powder separation device 10 in three or four stages in series, the PVC resin powder having a very low valve content. Can be recovered.

(Powder separation system 110)
Subsequently, a powder separation system 110 using the above-described powder separation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. The separation system 110 mainly includes a defibrating device 20, powder separation devices 10 and 11, and a gas-solid separation device 25. The configuration of each individual device is the same as that of the above-described embodiment.

In this system, the outflow pipe 7 of the powder separator 10 is connected via a line L ₂ to the inlet pipe 6 of the powder separator 11, the effluent O ₁ from the outflow pipe 7 powder separation device 11 is supplied. A gas G ₂ such as air is supplied from the gas inflow pipe 8 of the powder separator 11 to the powder separator 11.

In this embodiment, a mixed powder I _2, using a mixture of 3 types of powder popping ease are different from each other in the air stream. That is, most popping easily powder, easily popping the second powder, introducing the mixed powder I ₂ comprising three components of most popping hard powder. For example, in the case of a composite material containing PVC and paper, the most easily ejected powder is a single fiber, the second most easily ejected powder is a resin powder in the state of pulp, and the most difficult to eject is the pulp sting. There is no resin powder.

  For example, a powdered product of a composite material of resin and fiber, such as a tile carpet, tarpaulin sheet, a sheet containing vinyl chloride and a fiber such as a waterproof sheet, and a gypsum board is often such a mixed powder.

Here, the cylinder speed V10 of the powder separation device 10 is set to a speed at which the powder that is most difficult to jump out does not jump out, and the other two powders jump out, and the cylinder speed V11 of the powder separation device 11 is set to the most popping out. The powder P ₁ discharged from the valve 5 of the powder separation device 10 is set to a hollow cylinder speed at which easy-to-eject powder is ejected and the second most easily ejected powder is not ejected, that is, V11 <V10. As the powder P ₂ discharged from the valve 5 of the powder separation device 11, the powder that is the second most likely to jump out as the powder P ₂ discharged from the outflow pipe 7 of the powder separation device 11. ₂ , the powder that is most likely to jump out can be obtained separately.

In order to make the relationship between the empty cylinder speeds V11 <V10, the inner diameter of the cylindrical body of the powder separator 11 may be made larger than the inner diameter of the powder separator 10. In particular, the inner diameter of the cylindrical body of the powder separation device 11 is set to be excessively larger than the inner diameter of the powder separation device 10, and air or the like is passed through the gas inflow pipe 8 and the damper 8a as necessary. By supplying the gas G ₂ into the powder separation device 11 separately from the line L ₂ , the cylinder speed in the powder separation device 11 can be freely controlled separately from the powder separation device 10. That is, by excessively increasing the inner diameter of the second and subsequent stages of the powder separator 11, the bypass gas amount G ₂ is superficial velocity V11 of the powder separator 11 is smaller than the desired speed in the case of zero Thus, it is preferable to supply an insufficient amount of gas from the gas inflow pipe 8 as the bypass gas G2.

For example, when the cross section of the powder separation apparatus 10 is 500 mm square and the gas cylinder speed is 0.8 m / s, the air volume is 12 m ³ / min. Here, if you want to gas superficial velocity of the powder separation device 11 to 0.05 / s, when the bypass flow rate G ₂ is zero, but the cross section of the powder separation device 11 may be set to 2000mm angle, in order to bypass flow _{G 2} and _the non-zero value, it is preferable to 2000mm angle greater. For example, when the bypass flow rate G ₂ is 6.75 m ³ / min, the cross section of the powder separation device 11 may be a 2500 mm square.
In the case of a pulverized product of a PVC wallpaper in which a PVC resin and paper are laminated, suitable conditions are that the cylinder speed of the powder separation device 10 is about 0.7 to 0.9 m / s and the powder separation device 11 is empty. The cylinder speed is about 0.05 to 0.2 m / s.

  Such a system can separate a mixed powder in which three or more types of powders having different ease of particle ejection are mixed.

(Powder separation system 120)
Subsequently, a powder separation system 120 using the above-described powder separation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. The system includes a fragmentation device 40, a powdering device 50, a powder separation device 10, a gas-solid separation device 25, and a blower 24 in order from the upstream side.

The stripping device 40 is a device for stripping a sheet-like composite material I ₄ containing fibers and resin to obtain a composite material strip I ₅ . There are no particular limitations on the method of slicing, but various methods such as a crusher, a pulverizer, and a machine that tears a sheet into small pieces with a rotating claw can be used. Here, it is preferable to cut the sheet-like material into pieces having a maximum length of about 20 mm or less.

The powdering device 50 is a device that finely pulverizes the chopped sheet and mechanically separates the composite material into fibers and resin. The powdering apparatus is not particularly limited, but the powdering apparatus shown in FIG. 6 is preferable. That is, an inner cylinder 52 that is rotated around a rotation shaft 51 by a motor (not shown), an outer cylinder 54 that is arranged substantially coaxially with the inner cylinder 52 and surrounds the inner cylinder 52, and an outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 52. And both ends of the inner cylinder 52 in the axial direction are closed, and the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 52 is disposed closer to the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 54 than the rotation axis of the inner cylinder. It is what. The outer cylinder 54 is provided with a water cooling jacket 58 and a discharge port 55 for material clogged in the outer cylinder in an emergency. Here, the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 51 is, for example, a peripheral speed at the tip of the striking member 53, that is, a linear speed at the maximum rotational radius of the striking member 53 is 100 m / s or more, more preferably 120 m / s or more. Is preferably at a speed of 150 m / s or more. The suction port 50a of the powder apparatus 50, via a line _{L 10,} is the sheet _{I 5} which is morselized, supplied with the gas _{G 1,} such as air.

According to such a pulverizing apparatus 50, a sheet (for example, a composite material including fibers and a resin) I _{5 that} is a strip of composite material is very quickly formed, for example, with resin powder of 100 to 300 μm or less. It is easy to make a composite material into powder made of individual materials by pulverizing into fibers of about several millimeters, which makes it easy to physically separate different materials.

The powder that has been pulverized to a predetermined size passes through the mesh 57 and is discharged from the discharge port 56 as the mixed powder I _{6, and} is then supplied to the inflow pipe 6 of the powder separation device 10 via the line L _11. Inflow. In the powder separation device 10, powder (for example, resin powder) P _{1 that} is difficult to jump out is discharged from the valve 5, while powder (for example, fibrous powder) O _{1 that} is easy to jump out is discharged together with the gas outflow pipe 7 and line L. _The powder O _{1 which} is supplied to the gas-solid separation device 25 through ₁₂ and easily pops out is recovered.
In such an embodiment, for example, from a sheet of composite material such as polyvinyl chloride wallpaper, it is possible to suitably perform fragmentation, pulverization, and separation.

(Powder separation system 130)
Subsequently, a separation system 130 using the above-described powder separation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. The system includes a fragmentation device 40, a powdering device 50, powder separation devices 10a and 10b, gas-solid separation devices 25a and 25b, and blowers 24a and 24b in this order from the upstream side. The powder separator 10b, the gas-solid separator 25b, and the blower 24b are the same as the powder separator 10, the gas-solid separator 25, and the blower 24 shown in FIG.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the powdering apparatus 50 has a protrusion 62 formed on the outer peripheral surface and is rotated around a rotation axis 61 parallel to the rotation axis 51 of the inner cylinder 52 as shown in FIG. An opening 54a is provided in the outer cylinder 54 at a position facing the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 52 so as to extend in the axial direction of the outer cylinder 54. The roll 63 is a part of the outer peripheral surface of the roll 63. The outer cylinder 54 is disposed outside the outer cylinder 54 so as to face the outer circumferential surface of the inner cylinder 52 through the opening 54a, and the inner cylinder 52 and the roll 63 are moved so that the outer circumferential surfaces facing each other move in different directions. It is rotated (see arrow in FIG. 8).

  The axial length of the opening 54 a is substantially equal to the axial length of the inner cylinder 52. The opening 54a is formed by narrowing the width of the opening provided in the outer cylinder 54 with an opening forming member 54b. The opening forming member 54b extends in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 61, and its axial length is substantially the same as the length of the opening 54a, and is opposite to the surface facing the inner cylinder 52. The surface is an inclined surface and has a wedge-shaped cross section with a sharp point on the opening 54a side. The opening forming member 54b is movable in the vertical direction in FIG. 8, and the opening width can be freely adjusted.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the roll 63 is rotated in the arrow B direction around the rotation shaft 61 by a motor (not shown). The rotation direction B of the rotation shaft 61 of the roll 63 is the same as the rotation direction A of the rotation shaft 51 of the inner cylinder 52 around each axis, as shown in FIG. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 8, the rotation direction B of the protrusion 62 and the movement direction A of the striking member 53 are opposite to each other where the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 52 and the outer peripheral surface of the roll 63 face each other. The rotational speed of the roll 63 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to set the peripheral speed at the tip of the protrusion 62 to be about 1 to 20% of the peripheral speed at the tip of the striking member 53 provided in the inner cylinder 52. .

  As shown in FIG. 8, the protrusion 62 of the roll 63 is preferably inclined toward the rotation direction B side of the rotation shaft 61 so that the fibers can be efficiently caught and scraped off. Specifically, examples of such protrusions 62 include a saw blade-like shape and a grater-like shape. More specifically, for example, a member obtained by winding a large number of thread saw-shaped members along the circumferential direction of the roll 63 can be used.

Further, the outer cylinder 54 is provided with a covering member 60 that covers the roll 63. The covering member 60 has a roll accommodating portion 60 a that is a concave surface surrounding the roll 63. Further, the covering member 60 is formed with a suction nozzle 64 and a gas introduction nozzle 65 that communicate the outside of the covering member 60 with the roll accommodating portion 60 a of the covering member 60. The opening 64 a of the suction nozzle 64 is formed on the rear side with respect to the rotation direction B of the rotation shaft 61 with respect to the opening 65 a of the gas introduction nozzle 65, but may be on the front side. Further, the end portion of the suction nozzle 64, as shown in FIG. 7, via a line L _14, inlet opening of the powder separation device 10a is connected. The outlet opening of the powder separator unit 10a gas-solid separation device 25a is connected through a line _{L 15,} the gas-solid separator 25a, a blower 24a construed line _{L 16} is connected. When the blower 24a is driven, gas flows as shown in FIG. 8, and external air is sucked from the gas introduction nozzle 65 into the roll accommodating portion 60a of the covering member 60, and then along the outer peripheral surface of the roll 63. After flowing in the same direction as the rotation direction B of the roll 63, it flows to the powder separation device 10a via the suction nozzle 64. At this time, the fibers caught on the protrusions 62 of the roll 63 are peeled off from the protrusions 62 and are accompanied by the gas to be supplied to the powder separation device 10a.

  According to such a pulverizing apparatus 50, the powder is struck violently by the impact member 53 that rotates at a high speed, and then rotates on the inner surface of the outer cylinder 54 by the stirring force. At this time, the object to be pulverized is rapidly pulverized by a collision with the striking member 53, a collision or friction with the inner wall of the outer cylinder 54, or a collision or friction between the objects to be pulverized. By this pulverization, resin powder and fibers are generated between the inner cylinder 52 and the outer cylinder 54. The fibers obtained in this manner tend to become tangled when moving between the outer cylinder 54 and the inner cylinder 52, and the striking member 53 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 54 while being agglomerated. It is easy to get around with.

In the present embodiment, such a lump of fibers is caught by the protrusion 62 of the roll 63 and scraped, and is preferably defibrated into a single fiber shape and collected by the roll 63, and then through the opening 54a. It is discharged out of the outer cylinder 54. Further, the collected fibers in the roll accommodating portion 60a of the covering member 60 are peeled off from the protrusions 62 by the gas flow in the covering member 60, pass through the suction nozzle 64, and supplied to the powder separation device 10a. is, particles P _2, etc. further particulate from the fiber in the powder separator 10a is removed. Thereby, the fiber O ₂ with few impurities such as granular particles is recovered. At this time, in the outer cylinder 54 of the pulverizing apparatus 50, since the aggregated fibers are unraveled by being hooked on the numerous protrusions 62, the separation by the powder separating apparatus 10a becomes extremely easy, and the purity is extremely high. A fiber will be obtained. Further, since the fiber lump can be removed in the powdering apparatus 50, excessive growth of the fiber lump in the outer cylinder 54 can be suppressed. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, since the movement direction of the protrusion 62 is different from the movement direction of the striking member 53, the lump of fibers moving on the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 54 is efficiently hooked by the protrusion 62 and unraveled. Can do. The roll 63 can also collect dispersed fibers that are not lumps.

The particles I ₆ other than fibers obtained by the powdering device 50 are separated by the powder separation device 10b in the same manner as the powder separation system 120 in FIG.

The powder separation system is particularly suitable for a composite material containing long fibers and a resin, for example, a tile carpet. In this case, short fibers as a powder O ₁ is, as a powder O _2, the long fibers are collected, the resin powder is recovered as a powder P1. Long fibers from which short fibers and resin powder have been removed are particularly suitable for recycling.

(Powder separation system 140)
Next, a powder separation system 140 using the above-described powder separation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. A first difference of this system from the powder separation system 120 of FIG. 6 is that the powder separation device 11 is provided between the powder separation device 10 and the gas-solid separation device 25. The powder O ₁ discharged from the outflow pipe 7 of the powder separation apparatus 10 is supplied to the inflow pipe 6 of the powder separation apparatus 11 via the line L ₁₂ and is discharged from the outflow pipe 7 of the powder separation apparatus 11. Rukonatai _{O 2} is supplied via a line _{L 13} in the gas-solid separation device 25.

The second difference is that a recycle line L ₁₅ for returning the powder R1 discharged from the valve 5 of the powder separator 11 to the powderizer 50 is provided.

According to the present embodiment, the powder P ₁ is the powder that is most difficult to jump out, the powder R ₁ is the powder that is most likely to pop out, and the powder O ₂ is the powder that is most likely to pop out. In particular, when a composite material containing fibers and a resin is pulverized, a powder in which fibers are stabbed into a resin powder is obtained, and such a powder is often obtained as the powder R ₁ . By pulverizing this powder again with the pulverization apparatus 50, it can be separated into fibers and resin powder, and the yield of fibrous powder and resin powder can be increased.

(Powder separation system 150)
Subsequently, a powder separation system 150 using the above-described powder separation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. The main difference of this system from the powder separation system 140 of FIG. 8 is that a sieving device 30 is provided between the powder separation device 10 and the pulverization device 50, and the powder O _{3 having} a small particle diameter is provided. Is supplied to the powder separation device 10 together with the gas G ₂ , while the powder O ₂ having a large particle size is supplied to another powder separation device 10 b.

Specifically, the powder ₁₆ discharged from the discharge port 56 through the mesh 57 of the pulverizer 50 is supplied to the gas-solid separator 25a. A blower 24 is connected to the gas-solid separation device 25a, and the powder I ₆ discharged by suction from the powdering device 50 is separated from the gas by the gas-solid separation device 25a. The powder I ₆ is supplied to the sieving device 30 by the powder conveying device 29 and separated into a powder O ₃ having a relatively small particle size and a powder O ₂ having a relatively large particle size. . The boundary particle size is, for example, 2000 μm. Then, the powder separation device 10 is supplied with a powder O ₃ having a relatively small particle size range together with the gas G ₂ , and in the same manner as the powder separation system 140, separation by the powder separation devices 10 and 11, and Then, recycling using the recycle line L ₁₅ is performed, and powder O ₆ that is difficult to jump out and powder O _{9 that} is easy to jump out are obtained.

In contrast, relatively large powder _{O 2} particle size range is supplied to the powder separator 10b via the line _{L 26} together with the gas _{G 5.} Powder _{O 4} discharged from the valve 5 of the powder separator apparatus 10b, through the recycle line _{L 30,} returns to the powder apparatus 50. On the other hand, the powder O ₅ discharged from the outlet pipe 7 of the powder separation device 10b via a line L ₂₇ is supplied to the gas-solid separation device 25c with the gas. A blower 24 is connected to the gas-solid separation device 25c, and the powder O ₆ is collected.

In the powder separation system according to the present embodiment, in addition to the effects exhibited by the powder separation system 150, the powders O ₂ and O ₃ separated by the particle size by the sieving device 30 are converted into different powder separation devices 10. 10b, high-purity powders are obtained as powder O ₆ , powder O ₉ , and powder O ₅ , respectively. Specifically, for example, when a composite material comprising fibers and resin as a raw material I _4, the resin powder as the powder O ₆ is, short fibers as a powder O ₉ is, long fibers obtained as a powder O ₅ It is done.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made. For example, in the above-mentioned recycling line, powder is conveyed by suction with a blower, but a belt conveyor or the like may be used, and the powder is temporarily stored in a flexible container bag and then recycled. Needless to say.

  In the above embodiment, the powder separation apparatus includes the valve 5 that discharges the powder out of the cylindrical body 1 while suppressing the gas flow. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the valve is not provided. Alternatively, the batch type separation operation may be performed, and the powder accumulated every predetermined time may be discharged in a batch type.

It is sectional drawing which shows the powder separation apparatus 10 which concerns on embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the powder separator 11 which concerns on embodiment. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a powder separation system 100 according to an embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the defibrating apparatus 20 of FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the powder separation system 110 which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the powder separation system 120 which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the powder separation system 130 which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the detail of the roll vicinity of the powdering apparatus of FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the powder separation system 140 which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the powder separation system 150 which concerns on embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cylindrical body, 4 ... Inclined plate, 5 ... Valve, 6b ... Inflow opening, 7b ... Outflow opening, 10, 11 ... Powder separation apparatus, 20 ... Defibration machine, 50 ... Powdering apparatus, 52 ... Inner cylinder 53 ... Blowing member, 54 ... Outer cylinder, 54a ... Opening, 62 ... Projection, 63 ... Roll, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150 ... Powder separation system.

Claims (7)

A cylindrical body extending in the vertical direction;
An inflow opening that opens at the bottom of the cylindrical body and into which the powder to be separated flows together with the gas;
An inclined plate provided in a position facing the inflow opening in the cylindrical body, and inclined so that the lower part is closer to the inflow opening than the upper part;
An opening at the top of the cylindrical body, and an outflow opening through which some powder flows out together with the gas;
With
A powder separation apparatus further comprising a gas opening for taking in gas at a lower portion of the cylindrical body .   The powder separator according to claim 1, wherein an angle formed by the inclined plate with respect to a horizontal direction is 45 to 60 °. The powder separation device according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the gas flows into the cylindrical body from the inflow opening at a linear velocity of 10 to 30 m / s. Other powder accumulating below the said outlet opening of the tubular body, any one of claim 1 to 3, to suppress the flow of gas further comprises a valve for discharging to the outside of the tubular body The powder separation apparatus described in 1. A plurality of powder separation apparatuses according to any one of claims 1 to 3 are connected in series,
The powder separation device in the previous stage further includes a valve that discharges other powder accumulated below the outflow opening of the cylindrical body to the outside of the cylindrical body while suppressing gas flow,
The powder separation system by which the powder discharged | emitted from the said valve | bulb of the said powder separation apparatus of a front | former stage is supplied to the inflow opening of the said powder separation apparatus of a back | latter stage with gas. A plurality of powder separation devices according to any one of claims 1 to 4 are connected in series,
A powder separation system in which powder and gas discharged from the outflow opening of the powder separation apparatus at the front stage are supplied to the inflow opening of the powder separation apparatus at the rear stage. From the inflow opening that opens to the lower part of the cylindrical body that extends in the vertical direction, to the inclined plate that is provided in the cylindrical body at a position facing the inflow opening and that the lower part is closer to the inflow opening than the upper part The powder to be separated and the gas are supplied and collided with each other, and the gas is supplied into the cylindrical body from the gas opening opened at the lower part of the cylindrical body, and the outflow opening is opened at the upper part of the cylindrical body. A powder separation method in which part of the powder flows out from the gas together with the gas.

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