JP7336433B2 - 固体燃料の燃焼及び二酸化炭素の回収を伴う発電のためのシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
固体燃料の燃焼及び二酸化炭素の回収を伴う発電のためのシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 242
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 33
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/34—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
- F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
- F02C1/10—Closed cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/26—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/02—Plural gas-turbine plants having a common power output
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
- F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
- F02C7/10—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases by means of regenerative heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
- F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
- F05D2260/611—Sequestration of CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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Description
Claims (23)
- 発電システムであって、
開ループ又は半閉ループサイクルである第1の発電サイクルであって、前記第1の発電サイクルが、
圧縮されたリサイクルCO2ストリームの存在下で固体燃料を酸化剤と共に燃焼させ、燃焼器排気ストリームを出すように構成された、燃焼器と、
前記燃焼器排気ストリームの少なくとも一部を前記燃焼器に戻してリサイクルするように構成された1つ以上の要素と、
前記燃焼器排気ストリームの中に存在する固体の少なくとも一部を除去するべく前記燃焼器排気ストリームをフィルタし、燃焼器排ガスストリームを提供するように構成されたフィルタユニットであって、前記フィルタユニットが、少なくとも燃料灰を含む固体ストリームを出すように構成され、前記燃焼器排ガスストリームが少なくともCO 2 を含む、フィルタユニットと、
タービン排気ストリームを提供するべく発電のために前記燃焼器排ガスストリームを全体に通すように構成された第1のタービンであって、前記第1のタービンが、前記圧縮されたリサイクルCO2ストリームを前記燃焼器に提供するように処理される、第1のタービンと、
を備える、第1の発電サイクルと、
作動流体としてCO2を用いる閉ループサイクルである第2の発電サイクルであって、前記第2の発電サイクルが、
CO2作動流体を受け入れ、出力を発生させるように構成された、少なくとも1つの出力発生部材
を備える、第2の発電サイクルと、
を備える、発電システムであり、
前記発電システムが、前記第2の発電サイクルからCO2作動流体を受け入れ、それに前記第1の発電サイクルから生成されたストリームからの熱を伝達するように構成された、少なくとも1つの加熱部材を含み、且つ
前記第2の発電サイクルからCO 2 作動流体を受け入れ、それに前記第1の発電サイクルから生成されたストリームからの熱を伝達するように構成された少なくとも1つの加熱部材が、前記フィルタユニットから固体ストリームを受け入れるように構成された固体冷却器である、発電システム。 - 前記フィルタユニットが、サイクロンフィルタ及びキャンドルフィルタのうちの一方又は両方を含む、請求項1に記載の発電システム。
- 前記第1の発電サイクルが、前記タービン排気ストリームから熱を取り出すように構成された第1の熱交換器を備える、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の発電システム。
- 前記第1の熱交換器を出るタービン排気ストリームを受け入れ、水ストリーム及びCO2ストリームを出すように構成された水分離器をさらに備える、請求項3に記載の発電システム。
- 前記CO2ストリームを加圧するように構成された圧縮器及びポンプのうちの一方又は両方をさらに備える、請求項4に記載の発電システム。
- 前記第1の熱交換器が、前記タービン排気ストリームを受け入れるように構成された高温入口、前記タービン排気ストリームを出すように構成された低温出口、前記CO2ストリームを受け入れるように構成された低温入口、及び前記燃焼器に戻してリサイクルするべく前記CO2ストリームを出すように構成された高温出口を備える、請求項5に記載の発電システム。
- 前記固体冷却器から前記第1の発電サイクルの燃焼器に固体をリサイクルするように構成されたリサイクルラインをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の発電システム。
- 前記燃焼器が、前記固体燃料を前記酸化剤と共に燃焼させるように構成された火炎区域と、硫黄洗浄成分を受け入れるように構成された下流の洗浄区域を備える、請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の発電システム。
- 前記燃焼器が、固体燃料入口、酸化剤入口、及び硫黄洗浄成分入口を備える、請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の発電システム。
- 前記燃焼器が、リサイクルCO2入口及びリサイクル固体入口のうちの一方又は両方をさらに備える、請求項9に記載の発電システム。
- 前記発電システムが、前記燃焼器から下流の洗浄反応器をさらに備え、前記洗浄反応器が、前記燃焼器排気ストリームの少なくとも一部及び硫黄洗浄成分を受け入れるように構成される、請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の発電システム。
- 発電するための方法であって、
燃焼器排気ストリームを生成するべく、圧縮されたリサイクルCO2ストリームの存在下で固体燃料を酸化剤と共に燃焼器内で燃焼させることと、
前記燃焼器排気ストリームから固体を除去し、燃焼器排ガスストリームを提供するべく、前記燃焼器排気ストリームをフィルタユニットでフィルタすることと、
タービン排気ストリームを提供するべく前記燃焼器排ガスストリームを発電用の第1のタービンに通すことと、
前記燃焼器に前記圧縮されたリサイクルCO2ストリームを提供するべく前記タービン排気ストリームを処理することと、
前記燃焼器排気ストリームから除去された固体を加熱部材に移動させることと、
CO2作動流体が圧縮され、前記加熱部材内で前記固体からの熱で加熱され、発電用の第2のタービンを通って膨張するように、閉ループサイクルを通じて前記CO2作動流体を循環させることと、
を含む、方法。 - 前記燃焼が、約600℃~約1,200℃の温度で実施される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼が、周囲圧よりも高い、最高約70バールの圧力で実施される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼が、前記燃焼器内に存在するCO2のいずれも実質的に超臨界状態にならないように実施される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼が、約80バール~約500バールの圧力で実施される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼器排気ストリームをフィルタユニットでフィルタする前に、前記燃焼器排気ストリームに硫黄洗浄成分を添加することをさらに含む、請求項12乃至16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼器排ガスストリームを前記第1のタービンに通す前に、前記燃焼器排ガスストリームに或る量の気体燃料を添加することをさらに含む、請求項12乃至16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮されたリサイクルCO2ストリームを提供するべく前記タービン排気ストリームを処理することが、
前記タービン排気ストリームをレキュペレータ熱交換器内で冷却することと、
水ストリーム及び実質的に純粋なCO2のストリームを生成するべく、前記レキュペレータ熱交換器からの冷却されたタービン排気ストリームを水分離器に通すことと、
前記実質的に純粋なCO2のストリームを前記燃焼器に流入するのに適した圧力に圧縮することと、
少なくとも冷却されたタービン排気から取り出された熱を用いて前記レキュペレータ熱交換器内で前記実質的に純粋なCO2のストリームを加熱することと、
を含む、請求項12乃至18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記圧縮することが、圧縮器及びポンプのうちの一方又は両方を用いることを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記タービン排気が、高温入口を通って前記レキュペレータ熱交換器内に通され、前記冷却されたタービン排気ストリームが、前記熱交換器から低温出口を通って出ていき、前記実質的に純粋なCO2のストリームが、低温入口を通って前記レキュペレータ熱交換器に入り、前記実質的に純粋なCO2のストリームが、前記燃焼器に戻してリサイクルするべく高温出口を通って前記レキュペレータ熱交換器を出る、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記フィルタユニットが、サイクロンフィルタ及びキャンドルフィルタのうちの一方又は両方を含む、請求項12乃至21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼器排気ストリームから除去され前記加熱部材に移送された固体が、前記燃焼器に少なくとも部分的に戻してリサイクルされる、請求項12乃至22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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