JP7334392B2 - Bit error reporting method and related devices - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present application relates to the field of network communication technology, and more particularly to a method and related device for signaling bit errors.

A bit error means that a bit error occurs in a signal during transmission from signal transmission to signal reception. Generally, communication devices detect that a data packet has errors according to a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) algorithm. Bit error impairments caused by optical fibers can be eliminated by correcting the impairments, but random bit errors caused by factors such as optical path jitter and optical fiber aging are difficult to eliminate. Random packet loss caused by these factors can cause the base station to go out of service (ie, the base station goes offline or loses control) and data traffic can be lost.

Bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) is a protocol used for end-to-end link detection. The BFD protocol is routing protocol agnostic and can implement rapid detection at the millisecond level. During detection, the two ends first create a session through negotiation, periodically send BFD packets to each other after creating (UP) the session, detect the link on which the BFD packets are exchanged, and does not receive a BFD packet from the peer end within a period of time, the status of the session changes to Down, indicating that the link through which the BFD packet traverses is faulty. A BFD packet herein is any transmission protocol packet that holds content related to the BFD protocol. In other words, the payload portion of these protocol packets holds content related to the BFD protocol. Each of the two ends may negotiate a frequency for transmitting BFD packets to each other. A higher frequency indicates that faults can be detected more quickly. In IPv4 or IPv6 networks, user datagram protocol (UDP) or internet protocol (IP) encapsulation formats should be used for BFD packets.

Currently, BFD packets or intermediate system-to-intermediate system (IS-IS) packets are generally used to transfer bit error information. Currently, when BFD packets are used to transfer bit error information, the length of the BFD packets needs to be extended by adding a type length value (TLV) field to the end of the BFD packets. There is Interworking with each other is difficult to implement because the format of the BFD packets is modified when this scheme is used and the forwarded BFD packets are not standard format BFD packets. For example, a peer end device may not be able to parse a BFD packet whose format has been modified, and furthermore cannot obtain the bit error information carried in the BFD packet. However, if IS-IS packets are used to transfer the bit error information, the bit error information can only be transferred within the Layer 2 network. If there are Layer 3 devices or multiple intermediate devices between the ends, the scheme of using IS-IS packets to transfer bit error information is not applicable. In other words, this scheme is only applicable to scenarios where bit error information is transferred between directly connected devices.

The present application provides methods and associated devices for transferring bit error information and for implementing end-to-end associated protection switching of services.

According to a first aspect, a method of signaling bit errors is provided. The method includes detecting by an intermediate node on the first tunnel that a bit error rate of packets transmitted through the first tunnel exceeds a threshold; to an egress node on the first tunnel. The first packet is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred on the first tunnel, and the first packet is further used to send a second packet to the ingress node on the first tunnel. Used to indicate to the egress node, the second packet is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel.

In the solution provided herein, an intermediate node on the first tunnel detects the bit error rate of packets transmitted through the first tunnel. If the bit error rate exceeds the threshold, the intermediate node sends a first packet to the egress node on the first tunnel indicating that the first tunnel has bit errors. After receiving the first packet, the egress node sends a second packet to the ingress node on the first tunnel that is used to indicate that the first tunnel has bit errors. In this way, bit error information may be transferred, and end-to-end associated protection switching of services implemented.

Relating to the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first packet includes a label and a bit error flag, the label being used by the egress node to determine the first tunnel. and a bit error flag is used to indicate that the tunnel through which the first packet is transmitted has a bit error.

In the solution provided herein, the intermediate node adds a label and bit error flags to the first packet and sends the first packet to the egress node. After receiving the first packet, the egress node can determine the first tunnel based on the label carried in the first packet and can determine that a bit error has occurred based on the bit error flag. . The egress node can determine that the first tunnel has bit errors based on the label and the bit error flag, so that the egress node can determine that the first tunnel has bit errors. can be determined accurately.

With respect to the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first packet is transmitted through the second tunnel to the egress node to transmit the second packet to the ingress node on the first tunnel. used to indicate The second tunnel is a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel.

In the solution provided in this application, the first tunnel and the second tunnel are reverse tunnels of each other. The egress node on the first tunnel, after receiving the first packet sent by the intermediate node, forwards the second packet over the first tunnel through the reverse tunnel, i.e., the second tunnel, of the first tunnel. , to inform the ingress node that the first tunnel has bit errors.

Regarding the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the label is also used by the egress node to determine the second tunnel.

In the solution provided in this application, the route for forwarding the packet is determined based on the label. After the egress node on the first tunnel receives the first packet, the egress node can determine the ingress node on the first tunnel based on the label because the first packet carries the label. , and a second tunnel can be determined. Since this scheme does not rely on IP addresses, packet transmission is more efficient and convenient.

In relation to the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the intermediate node calculates a sum of bit error rates of packets forwarded through multiple paths of the first tunnel, Detect when the sum exceeds a threshold.

In the solution provided herein, to implement bit error rate transmission, an intermediate node calculates the sum of the bit error rates of packets forwarded over multiple paths, and then sums is compared with a threshold. This avoids the case where the bit error rate of each path does not reach the threshold but the sum of the bit error rates exceeds the threshold. As a result, the intermediate node can accurately send the first packet to the egress node indicating that the first tunnel is experiencing bit errors, and the egress node obtains the corresponding measurements and data Avoid traffic loss.

Regarding the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first packet is a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet, the BFD packet including a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field being a bit error flag and the value of the bit error flag is 30.

Optionally, the value of the bit error flag may be another value, eg 10 or 15. However, the condition is that the range of this value is from 9 to 31.

In the solution provided herein, a special value in the diagnostic field within the BFD packet is used to represent the bit error flag. Therefore, no additional field need be added, no other information sent to hold the bit error flag, and the format of the BFD packet need not be modified. This ensures that the packets sent are still standard format BFD packets. This avoids interaction difficulties and efficiently transfers bit error status. This implementation is simple and improves transmission efficiency.

With regard to the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first packet is a BFD packet, the first BFD packet includes a required minimum echo rx interval field, and a required minimum The echo rx interval field is used to hold the bit error rate, the first m bits of the minimum required echo rx interval field representing the bit error rate factor and the middle n bits of the minimum required echo rx interval field. Bit represents the exponent of the bit error rate. m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the length of the minimum echo rx interval field required. less than value.

In the solution provided herein, the required minimum echo rx interval field in the BFD packet is reused to transfer the bit error rate, so that the egress node on the first tunnel can determine the bit error rate The bit error rate can be obtained more intuitively from the first packet sent by the intermediate node without additionally forwarding . This reduces transmission resource overhead and improves transmission efficiency.

According to a second aspect, a method of signaling bit errors is provided. The method comprises receiving at an egress node on the first tunnel a first packet transmitted through the first tunnel by a first intermediate node on the first tunnel, the first packet being: , the packet sent to the egress node when the first intermediate node detects that the bit error rate of the packet sent through the first tunnel exceeds the threshold, the first packet being the first and the egress node transmitting a second packet to the ingress node on the first tunnel based on the first packet. wherein the second packet is used to indicate that bit errors have occurred in the first tunnel.

In the solution provided herein, an egress node on a first tunnel receives a first packet indicating that the first tunnel is experiencing bit errors, the first packet A packet sent by an intermediate node on a first tunnel to an egress node when the intermediate node detects that the bit error rate of packets sent over the first tunnel exceeds a threshold. After receiving the first packet, the egress node sends a second packet to the ingress node on the first tunnel that is used to indicate that the first tunnel has bit errors. In this way, bit error information may be transferred, and end-to-end associated protection switching of services implemented.

Concerning the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first packet includes a first label and a first bit error flag, the first label being associated with the first tunnel. Correspondingly, a first bit error flag is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the tunnel through which the first packet is transmitted. The egress node determines that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel based on the first label and the first bit error flag.

Regarding the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the egress node determines the second tunnel based on the first label, the egress node passes through the second tunnel to the second tunnel. packets to the ingress node on the first tunnel. The second tunnel is a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel.

Regarding the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second packet includes a second label and a second bit error flag. The second label is used by the ingress node to determine the first tunnel. A second bit error flag is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the reverse tunnel of the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted.

In the solution provided herein, the egress node adds a second label and a second bit error flag to the second packet and sends the second packet to the ingress node. After receiving the second packet, the ingress node can determine the first tunnel based on the second label in the second packet, and the second bit error flag indicates that a bit error has occurred. can be determined based on The ingress node can determine that the first tunnel has bit errors based on the second label, so that the ingress node can accurately determine that the first tunnel has bit errors. can be determined and subsequent service switching can be performed.

Regarding the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the egress node determines the second tunnel based on the first label, the egress node passes through the second tunnel to the second tunnel. packets to the ingress node on the first tunnel. The second tunnel is a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel.

Regarding the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second packet includes a second label and a second bit error flag. The second label is used by the ingress node to determine the first tunnel. A second bit error flag is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the reverse tunnel of the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted.

Regarding the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first packet is a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field Used to hold bit error flags, the value of the first bit error flag is 30, the second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is the It is used to hold 2 bit error flags and the value of the second bit error flag is 31.

Regarding the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first packet and the second packet are each a BFD packet, the first BFD packet including the required minimum echo rx interval field and the minimum echo required rx interval field is used to hold the bit error rate, the first m bits of the minimum echo required rx interval field represent the bit error rate factor, the minimum echo required rx The middle n bits of the interval field represent the bit error rate exponent. m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the length of the minimum echo rx interval field required. less than value.

Relating to the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the egress node receives a third packet transmitted through the first tunnel by a second intermediate node on the first tunnel; A third packet is a packet packet sent to the egress node when the second intermediate node detects that the bit error rate of the packet sent through the first tunnel exceeds the threshold; contains a first bit error rate, the third packet contains a second bit error rate, and the egress node calculates the sum of the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate and the sum of the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate exceeds the switching threshold of the egress node.

In the solution provided herein, the egress node calculates the sum of the bit error rates of packets transmitted by multiple intermediate nodes, and then compares the sum of the bit error rates with a switching threshold for decision making. obtain. This allows implementation of bit error rate forwarding and avoids the case where multiple links are experiencing bit errors but the bit error rate of each path does not reach the switching threshold. As a result, the egress node can accurately recognize the transmission status of the first tunnel, can timely feed back the transmission status of the first tunnel to the ingress node, and the ingress node can obtain the corresponding measurements. (eg, perform service switching) to avoid data traffic loss.

According to a third aspect, a method of signaling bit errors is provided. The method comprises receiving, by an ingress node on the first tunnel, a second packet transmitted by an egress node on the first tunnel, the second packet being transmitted by the egress node on the first tunnel, the second packet being transmitted by the egress node on the first tunnel. receiving an indication that it has occurred; and determining by the ingress node, based on the second packet, that bit errors have occurred in the first tunnel.

In the solution provided herein, after receiving a second packet sent by an egress node on the first tunnel and indicating that the first tunnel is experiencing bit errors, the first The ingress node on the tunnel can determine that the first tunnel has bit errors. In this way, bit error information may be transferred, and end-to-end associated protection switching of services implemented.

Regarding the third aspect, in a possible implementation of the third aspect, an ingress node on a first tunnel receives a second packet sent through a second tunnel by an egress node on the first tunnel. receive. The second tunnel is a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel.

Regarding the third aspect, in a possible implementation of the third aspect, the second packet includes a label and a bit error flag, the bit error flag being the reverse tunnel of the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted. is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in The ingress node determines based on the label that the tunnel through which the second packet is sent is the second tunnel, and that the first tunnel is the reverse tunnel of the second tunnel. The ingress node determines that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel based on the bit error flag.

Regarding the third aspect, in a possible implementation of the third aspect, the second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field for holding bit error flags. and the value of the bit error flag is 31.

With regard to the third aspect, in a possible implementation of the third aspect, the second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a minimum required echo rx interval field, and a minimum required echo rx interval field. field is used to hold the bit error rate, the first m bits of the minimum echo rx interval required field represent the bit error rate factor, and the middle n bits of the minimum echo rx interval required field are Represents the exponent of the bit error rate. m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the length of the minimum echo rx interval field required. less than value.

According to a fourth aspect, a method of signaling bit errors is provided. The method comprises the steps of: a first node detecting a bit error rate in packets received from a second node; and if detecting that the bit error rate reaches a threshold, the first node creating a bi-directional forwarding detection BFD session between and a second node; and transmitting a BFD packet from the first node to the second node over the BFD session, the BFD packet comprising: used to indicate that a packet transmitted by the second node to the first node has a bit error.

In the solution provided herein, upon detecting that the bit error rate reaches the threshold, the first node creates a BFD session, sends BFD packets to the second node, and notifies a second node that a packet transmitted by the node has a bit error. In this way bit error information can be transferred to the second node more quickly and accurately.

Regarding the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the Internet Protocol IP address of the BFD packet is a multicast IP address or the MAC address of the BFD packet is a multicast MAC address.

In the solution provided herein, the first node can transfer bit error information by using BFD packets with multicast IP address or multicast MAC address, and transfer the bit error information directly to the second node. . This scheme is independent of IP address configuration and is applicable to both layer 3 and layer 2 networks, so that bit error information can be transferred more widely.

Regarding the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the diagnostic Diag field of the BFD packet indicates that the packet transmitted by the second node to the first node has bit errors. used to identify

In the solution provided herein, a special value of the diagnostic Diag field in the BFD packet is used to represent bit error flags. Therefore, no additional field need be added, no other information sent to hold the bit error flag, and the format of the BFD packet need not be modified. This ensures that the packets sent are still standard format BFD packets. This avoids interaction difficulties and efficiently transfers bit error status. This implementation is simple and improves transmission efficiency.

Regarding the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the first node deletes the BFD session and sends a stop sending BFD packets.

In the solution provided herein, the first node deletes the BFD session and stops sending BFD packets to the second node if it detects that the bit error rate is less than the threshold. This avoids wasting transmission resources, improves processing performance, and reduces power consumption.

According to a fifth aspect, a method of signaling bit errors is provided. The method comprises the steps of: a second node sending a packet to the first node over a first tunnel; and the second node receiving a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet sent by the first node. receiving, wherein the BFD packet is used to indicate that a packet transmitted by the second node to the first node has bit errors; and sending the packet to the first node through a second tunnel, the second tunnel being different than the first tunnel.

In the solution provided herein, the second node sends packets to the first node through the first tunnel, receives the BFD packets sent by the first node, sends them to the first node determines that the received packet has bit errors, and transmits the packet to the first node through a second tunnel different from the first tunnel. In this way, the second node can more quickly and accurately receive bit error information transmitted by the first node. As a result, the second node can timely transmit packets through the second tunnel, thereby avoiding data traffic loss.

Regarding the fifth aspect, in a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the diagnostic Diag field of the BFD packet indicates that the packet transmitted by the second node to the first node has bit errors. used to identify

According to a sixth aspect, an intermediate node is provided. Intermediate nodes may be routers or switches, or chips within routers or switches. The intermediate node has the functionality to implement the method performed by the intermediate node in the first aspect. The functions may be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. Hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the aforementioned functions.

In a possible design, intermediate nodes include processing modules and transceiver modules. The processing module may be, for example, a processor and the transceiver module may be, for example, a transceiver. A transceiver module is configured to support communication between an intermediate node and an egress node on the first tunnel and communication between an intermediate node and an ingress node on the first tunnel. In one example, the transceiver module may further include a transmit module and a receive module and may be configured to support intermediate nodes to perform uplink and downlink communications. For example, the sending module may be configured to send the first packet to an egress node on the first tunnel, and the receiving module is configured to receive the packet sent over the first tunnel. Often the processing module may be configured to detect the bit error rate of received packets. Optionally, the intermediate node may further include memory. A memory is configured to be coupled to the processor and stores program instructions and data required for the intermediate node.

In another possible design, intermediate nodes include processors and transceivers. The processor is configured to control the function of each component, and the transceiver provides communication between the intermediate node and the egress node on the first tunnel and communication between the intermediate node and the ingress node on the first tunnel. Configured to support communication. For example, in downlink communication, the intermediate node's transceiver may receive packets sent by the ingress node on the first tunnel and perform CRC detection to obtain the bit error rate. Optionally, the intermediate node further includes memory, the memory storing program instructions and data required for the intermediate node. For example, in uplink communication, the intermediate node's transceiver may send a first packet carrying a label and bit error flags to the egress node.

In yet another possible design, where the intermediate node is a chip within a router or switch, the chip includes processing modules and transceiver modules. The processing module may be, for example, a processor, and the processor may be configured to detect a bit error rate of data packets received by the transceiver module. A transceiver module may be, for example, an input/output interface on a chip. The processing module may execute computer-executable instructions stored in the storage unit to support the intermediate node to perform corresponding functions in the first aspect. Optionally, the storage unit may be an in-chip storage unit, such as a register or a buffer. Alternatively, the storage unit may be a storage unit internal to the intermediate node but external to the chip, such as read-only memory (ROM), another type of static memory that can store static information and instructions. physical storage device, or random access memory (RAM).

In yet another possible implementation, the intermediate node comprises a processor, the processor configured to be coupled to the memory, configured to read instructions from the memory, and according to the instructions, the intermediate node in the first aspect. Configured to perform the functions of a node. The memory may be located within the processor or external to the processor.

According to a seventh aspect, an egress node is provided. The egress node may be a router or switch, or a chip within the router or switch. The egress node has the functionality to implement the method performed by the egress node in the second aspect. The functions may be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. Hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the aforementioned functions.

In a possible design, the egress node includes a processing module and a transceiver module. A processing module may be, for example, a processor. A transceiver module may be, for example, a transceiver. A transceiver module is configured to support communication between an egress node and an intermediate node on the first tunnel and communication between an egress node and an ingress node on the first tunnel. In one example, the transceiver module may further include a transmit module and a receive module and may be configured to support egress nodes to perform uplink and downlink communications. For example, the receiving module may be configured to receive a first packet sent by the intermediate node over the first tunnel, and the sending module sends the second packet to the ingress node on the first tunnel. and the processing module may be configured to determine that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel based on the first label and the first bit error flag. Optionally, the egress node may further include memory. A memory is configured to be coupled to the processor and stores program instructions and data required for the exit node.

In another possible design, the egress node includes a processor and transceiver. The processor is configured to control the function of each component, and the transceiver is configured to control communications between the egress node and the intermediate node on the first tunnel and between the egress node and the ingress node on the first tunnel. Configured to support communication. For example, in downlink communication, the egress node's transceiver may receive a first packet sent by an intermediate node on a first tunnel. Optionally, the exit node may further include memory, which stores program instructions and data required for the exit node. For example, in uplink communication, the egress node's transceiver may transmit a second packet carrying a second label and a second bit error flag to the ingress node.

In yet another possible design, where the egress node is a chip within a router or switch, the chip includes a processing module and a transceiver module. The processing module may be, for example, a processor, and the processor may be configured to calculate a sum of bit error rates of data packets received by the transceiver module. A transceiver module may be, for example, an input/output interface on a chip. The processing module may execute computer-executable instructions stored in the storage unit to support the exit node and perform corresponding functions in the second aspect. Optionally, the storage unit may be an in-chip storage unit, such as a register or a buffer. Alternatively, the storage unit is internal to the exit node but external to the chip, such as a read-only memory (ROM), another type of static memory that can store static information and instructions. physical storage device, or random access memory (RAM).

In yet another possible implementation, the exit node comprises a processor, the processor configured to be coupled to a memory, configured to read instructions from the memory, and according to the instructions, the exit node in the second aspect. Configured to perform the functions of a node. The memory may be located within the processor or external to the processor.

According to an eighth aspect, an ingress node is provided. The ingress node may be a router or switch, or a chip within the router or switch. The ingress node has the functionality to implement the method performed by the ingress node in the third aspect. The functions may be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. Hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the aforementioned functions.

In a possible design, the ingress node includes a processing module and a transceiver module. A processing module may be, for example, a processor. A transceiver module may be, for example, a transceiver. A transceiver module is configured to support communication between an ingress node and an egress node on the first tunnel and communication between an ingress node and an intermediate node on the first tunnel. In one example, the transceiver module may further include a transmit module and a receive module and may be configured to support ingress nodes to perform uplink and downlink communications. For example, the sending module may be configured to send packets to an intermediate node on a first tunnel, and the receiving module to receive a second packet sent over a second tunnel by the egress node. may be configured. The processing module may be configured to determine, based on the second packet, that the first tunnel is experiencing bit errors. Optionally, the ingress node may further include memory. A memory is configured to be coupled to the processor and stores program instructions and data required for the ingress node.

In another possible design, the ingress node includes a processor and transceiver. The processor is configured to control the function of each component, and the transceiver is configured to control communications between ingress and egress nodes on the first tunnel and between ingress and intermediate nodes on the first tunnel. Configured to support communication. For example, in downlink communication, the ingress node's transceiver may receive a second packet sent by the egress node through a second tunnel and assume that bit errors have occurred in the first tunnel. may be determined based on the packets of Optionally, the ingress node further includes a memory, the memory storing program instructions and data required for the ingress node. For example, in uplink communications, an ingress node's transceiver may transmit packets to an intermediate node.

In yet another possible design, where the ingress node is a chip in a router or switch, the chip includes processing modules and transceiver modules. The processing module may, for example, be a processor, and the processor may be configured to analyze data packets received by the transceiver module to determine that bit errors have occurred in the first tunnel. may be configured to A transceiver module may be, for example, an input/output interface on a chip. The processing module may execute computer-executable instructions stored in the storage unit to support the ingress node and perform corresponding functions in the third aspect. Optionally, the storage unit may be an in-chip storage unit, such as a register or a buffer. Alternatively, the storage unit is internal to the ingress node but external to the chip, such as a read-only memory (ROM), another type of static memory that can store static information and instructions. physical storage device, or random access memory (RAM).

In yet another possible implementation, the ingress node comprises a processor, the processor configured to be coupled to a memory, configured to read instructions from the memory, and according to the instructions, the ingress node in the third aspect. Configured to perform the functions of a node. The memory may be located within the processor or external to the processor.

According to a ninth aspect, a first node is provided. The first node may be a router or switch, or a chip within the router or switch. The first node has the functionality to implement the method performed by the first node in the fourth aspect. The functions may be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. Hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the aforementioned functions.

According to a tenth aspect, a second node is provided. The second node may be a router or switch, or a chip within the router or switch. The second node has the functionality to implement the method performed by the second node in the fifth aspect. The functions may be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. Hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the aforementioned functions.

According to an eleventh aspect, a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium is provided. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium contains instructions. When the instructions are executed on the intermediate node, the intermediate node is enabled to perform a method according to any one of the first aspect or an implementation of the first aspect.

According to a twelfth aspect, a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium is provided. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium contains instructions. When the instructions are executed on the exit node, the exit node is enabled to perform a method according to any one of the second aspect or an implementation of the second aspect.

According to a thirteenth aspect, a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium is provided. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium contains instructions. When the instructions are executed on the ingress node, the ingress node is enabled to perform a method according to any one of the third aspect or an implementation of the third aspect.

According to a fourteenth aspect, a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium is provided. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium contains instructions. When the instructions are executed on the first node, the first node is enabled to perform a method according to any one of the fourth aspect or an implementation of the fourth aspect.

According to a fifteenth aspect, a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium is provided. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium contains instructions. When the instructions are executed on the second node, the second node is enabled to perform a method according to any one of the fifth aspect or an implementation of the fifth aspect.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a canonical format for a valid payload of a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Packet according to an embodiment of the present application;

1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application; FIG.

1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for signaling bit errors according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle for calculating the sum of bit error rates of multiple paths according to an embodiment of the present application;

4 is a schematic flowchart of another method for signaling bit errors according to an embodiment of the present application;

4 is a schematic flowchart of yet another method for signaling bit errors according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an intermediate node according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an egress node according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ingress node according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first node according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second node according to an embodiment of the present application;

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application; FIG.

The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely some rather than all of the embodiments of the present application.

To facilitate better understanding by those skilled in the art, some terms in this application and related techniques will first be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The bit error rate ((symbol error rate, SER) or (bit error rate, BER)) is a counter for measuring data transmission accuracy within a specified period of time. Bit errors occur because attenuation causes the voltage of a signal to change during transmission, and the signal is damaged during transmission. Bit errors can be caused by noise, pulses caused by alternating or burst currents, faults in transmission devices, or other factors (e.g., the transmitted signal is 1 while the received signal is 0). Bit error rate = number of bit errors in transmission/total number of bits transferred x 100%. Therefore, if there are bit errors, there is definitely a bit error rate.

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a technique for checking using a hash function of a check code having a certain number of bits generated based on data such as network data packets or computer files. It is mainly used to detect or check errors that may occur after transmission of data or storage of data according to the principle of division with remainder. For example, in the present application, an intermediate node device may perform bit error detection on received data through CRC.

The bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) protocol is a network protocol for detecting failures between two forwarding nodes. BFD can be used to perform bidirectional failure detection for links between two network nodes. This link may be a physical link or a logical link (eg, a label switched path (LSP) or tunnel). BFD supports different higher layer applications (e.g., multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) applications, open shortest path first (OSPF) applications, intermediate system-to-intermediate system, IS-IS) application) and provide the same failure detection time. In addition, BFD may be associated with higher layer routing protocols to implement fast path convergence and ensure service continuity. In addition, BFD packets may be used to perform failure detection on links, and BFD packets may also carry other information, which is forwarded to peer end devices. For example, in this application, BFD packets carry bit error information and labels, and the bit error information and labels are forwarded to peer end devices.

An intermediate system-to-intermediate system (IS-IS) protocol is an interior gateway protocol. The IS-IS protocol is a hierarchical layer link state routing protocol that uses the HELLO protocol to locate neighboring nodes and uses a propagation protocol to send link information. IS-IS packets may also carry bit error information for transmission, but may only be forwarded to Layer 2 networks.

A label switched path (LSP) is a packet forwarding path established according to the MPLS protocol. Each node on the LSP contains a label switching router (LSR), and packets to which labels are added are forwarded along the LSP composed of a series of LSRs. An ingress label edge router (LER), called an ingress router, is configured to receive packets and add labels to the packets. An egress LER is called an egress router. In a network composed of LSRs, the LSRs forward packets based on labels added to the packets and a label forwarding information base (LFIB).

In order to improve quality of service (QoS), reduce accidental packet loss and avoid data traffic loss, when bit errors occur in the transmission link, bit error information is forwarded to the endpoint device, resulting in , endpoint devices need to be able to timely perform relevant protection switching of services after receiving bit error information. In other words, service traffic may be forwarded over the standby transmission link to bypass links experiencing severe bit errors, thereby ensuring service continuity.

Bit error information may be transferred by extending the BFD packet by adding a type length value (TLV) field to the end of the BFD packet. TLV is a very efficient and fully extensible encoding mode for protocol packets. The type field is information about the label and encoding format, the length field defines the length of the value, and the value field indicates the actual value. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the standard format of the effective payload of a BFD packet. This packet contains a 3-bit BFD protocol version field, a 5-bit diagnostic field, a 2-bit BFD local state field, a 1-bit poll field, and a 1-bit , a 1-bit control plane independent flag field, a 1-bit authentication present field, a 1-bit demand field, and future point-to-multi A 1-bit reserved field that is set to support multipoint extension, an 8-bit detect mult (detect mult) field, an 8-bit length field of the BFD packet, and a 32-bit mult field. A my discriminator field, a 32-bit your discriminator field, a 32-bit desired min tx interval field for BFD packets, and a 32-bit Includes a required min rx interval field and a 32-bit required min echo rx interval field.

To transfer bit error information, TLV fields such as the Bit Error Rate Type field and the Bit Error Rate Factor field are added to the end of the standard format BFD packet shown in FIG. However, when this scheme is used, the format of the BFD packet is changed. The forwarded BFD packets are no longer standard format BFD packets. Interacting with each other is difficult to implement because there is no uniform standard. A peer end device may not be able to parse a reformatted BFD packet, and furthermore cannot obtain the bit error information carried in the BFD packet.

In addition, IS-IS packets can be used to carry bit error information. An IS-IS HELLO packet is first generated and bit error information such as bit error level indicating the severity of the bit error and bit error flag indicating the type of bit error is carried in the TLV fields of the IS-IS HELLO packet. However, the scheme using IS-IS packets can be used to transfer bit error information only within Layer 2 networks. This is because IS-IS packets can only be forwarded within Layer 2 networks. In other words, bit error information can only be transferred between two directly connected devices. If there are Layer 3 devices or multiple intermediate devices between two endpoint devices, the scheme of using IS-IS packets to transfer bit error information is not applicable. Specifically, data traffic is lost because endpoint devices cannot directly recognize bit errors and perform associated protection switching of services between endpoint devices.

To solve the aforementioned problems, the present application provides a method and related device for signaling bit errors. As a result, when bit errors occur in the transmission link, bit error information can be transferred, end-to-end associated protection switching of services is implemented, accidental packet loss is reduced, and data traffic loss is avoided. .

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present application is a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN) or in another network can be used in The aforementioned communication networks have the same characteristics. That is, BFD sessions and LSPs can be established between any two devices in the network, and BFD packets can be used to transfer bit error information.

In a particular embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, first endpoint 210, second endpoint 220 and first node 230 constitute a communication system. In the communication system there is a first tunnel 240 established between a first endpoint 210 and a second endpoint 220, the first tunnel 240 specifically connecting the first end It can be represented as a label-switched path (LSP) between point 210 and second endpoint 220 . The first endpoint 210 is the egress node on the first tunnel 240, the second endpoint 220 is the ingress node on the first tunnel 240, and the first node 230 is the first It is an intermediate node on tunnel 240 . The first node 230 performs bit error detection on packets transmitted over the first tunnel 240 . The first node 230 transmits the first packet to the first endpoint 210 if it detects that the bit error rate exceeds the threshold. The first packet indicates that the first tunnel 240 has experienced a bit error. After receiving the first packet, first endpoint 210 transmits a second packet to second endpoint 220 over second tunnel 250 . The second tunnel 250 is the reverse tunnel of the first tunnel 240 and the second packet is used to indicate that the first tunnel 240 has bit errors. The second endpoint 220 determines that the first tunnel 240 has bit errors after receiving the second packet.

In embodiments of the present application, egress/entrance nodes and intermediate nodes are related. Egress/ingress nodes and intermediate nodes are entities configured to receive or transmit signals, such as switches, routers, distributed cluster servers or stations in wireless local area networks (WLAN). , STAs) and access points (APs). This is not a limitation in this application.

FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for signaling bit errors according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps.

S301: An intermediate node detects a bit error in a packet transmitted through the first tunnel.

Specifically, there is a first tunnel established between an egress node and an ingress node, and an intermediate node is a node on the first tunnel. It should be appreciated that there may be multiple intermediate nodes on the first tunnel, and each intermediate node may perform bit error detection on packets received by that intermediate node.

Optionally, the intermediate node may perform bit error detection on packets transmitted through the first tunnel through the CRC to detect whether the bit error rate of the packets exceeds a threshold. The threshold can be set according to actual requirements. A specific value of the threshold is not limited in the present application. Specifically, if there are multiple intermediate nodes, the bit error rate thresholds at all of the multiple intermediate nodes may be set to be the same or different.

In a particular embodiment, the intermediate node calculates a sum of bit error rates of packets forwarded through multiple paths of the first tunnel and detects whether the sum of bit error rates exceeds a threshold.

Specifically, bit errors may occur on multiple paths over the first tunnel, and the bit error rate for each path does not exceed the threshold. The intermediate node calculates the sum of bit error rates of multiple paths in which bit errors occur, and detects whether the sum of bit error rates exceeds a threshold.

Intermediate nodes do not perform simple algebraic addition when computing the sum of bit error rates of multiple paths, but compute the sum of bit error rates according to certain rules and algorithms, e.g. It should be understood to calculate the sum of the ratios. The particular algorithm to be used is not limited in this application.

For example, bit errors occur in two paths on the first tunnel and the threshold is 2%. The bit error rate of the first path is 1.5%, the bit error rate of the second path segment is also 1.5%, and each of these two bit error rates is below the threshold. The intermediate node calculates the sum of the bit error rates of the two paths and finds that the sum of the bit error rates is 2.5%. 2.5% exceed the threshold. Therefore, the intermediate node needs to send the first packet to the egress node on the first tunnel to forward the bit error information.

If bit errors occur in multiple paths during packet transfer over the first tunnel, the sum of the calculated bit error rates should be greater than the maximum bit error rate of the multiple paths, Note that it is less than the algebraic sum of the bit error rates of multiple paths. For example, in the example above, the calculated sum of the bit error rates is 2.5%. 2.5% is greater than 1.5% and less than 3%. Bit errors can accumulate in multiple paths during packet transmission, so the final bit error rate must be less than the sum of the bit error rates of all paths, i.e. the final calculated bit It is easy to see that the error rate is less than the algebraic sum of the bit error rates of all paths.

It can be appreciated that an intermediate node may calculate the sum of the bit error rates of multiple paths in which bit errors occur. This avoids the case where the bit error rate of each path does not reach the threshold but the sum of the bit error rates exceeds the threshold. This allows the egress node on the first tunnel to receive the first packet sent by the intermediate node in time, obtain the bit error information, and obtain the corresponding measurements to determine the data traffic loss. is guaranteed to be avoidable.

S302: The intermediate node sends the first packet to the egress node.

Specifically, if the intermediate node detects that the bit error rate exceeds the threshold, it sends the first packet to the egress node on the first tunnel. The first packet holds bit error information.

In certain embodiments, the first packet includes a first label and a first bit error flag. The first label is used by the egress node to determine the first tunnel, and the first bit error flag indicates that the tunnel through which the first packet is transmitted has bit errors. used for

Specifically, the packet is forwarded through the first tunnel based on the label. After performing bit error detection, the intermediate node searches all LSPs in the LFIB of the intermediate node, finds the corresponding LSP (i.e. the first tunnel), and then adds the corresponding label to the first packet. and either send the first packet directly to the egress node on the first tunnel, or send the first packet to the next intermediate node, and then send the first packet to the first tunnel through the next intermediate node. to the exit node on the same tunnel. After receiving the first packet (either directly or indirectly), the egress node may determine the first tunnel based on the label carried in the first packet; An ingress node on the tunnel may be determined.

Additionally, the intermediate node also adds a first bit error flag to the first packet for transmission. After receiving the first packet, the egress node can determine that the tunnel through which the first packet is transmitted has bit errors based on a first bit error flag in the first packet; A bit error in the first tunnel can be determined based on the first bit error flag and the label in the first packet.

Optionally, the intermediate node creates a first BFD session, adds a first label and a first bit error flag to the first BFD packet, and transmits the first BFD packet to the egress node .

In a specific embodiment, the first BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold a first bit error flag, and the value of the first bit error flag is thirty.

Specifically, the intermediate node sends the first BFD packet to the egress node. The format of the first BFD packet is the standard BFD packet format, and a specific format of the first BFD packet is shown in FIG. It should be appreciated that the difficulty of interworking because the packets cannot be parsed can be overcome because the standard BFD packet format is used.

Additionally, the packet format shown in FIG. 1 includes a 5-bit diagnostic field. The existing request for comments (RFC) defines the meaning of only the values 0-8. For example, 1 indicates control detection time expired, 2 indicates echo function failed, and 4 indicates forwarding plane reset. The meaning of values 9 through 31 is not defined in the RFC, and values 9 through 31 are reserved values. In this application, diagnostic field values (from 9 to 31) are added and newly added values are defined so that the BFD packet can be used to transfer the first bit error flag. For example, if the value of the diagnostic field is 30, this indicates that a forward bit error has occurred (i.e. the path the packet takes from the ingress node on the first tunnel to the egress node on the first tunnel). indicates that a bit error has occurred in the After receiving the first BFD packet, the egress node recognizes that there are bit errors in packets transmitted over the first tunnel based on the value of the diagnostic field in the first BFD packet. obtain. It should be appreciated that another value in the diagnostic field may be used to indicate the first bit error flag, eg ten. This is not a limitation in this application.

that a special value in the diagnostic field is used to represent the bit error flags, so that another field may not be added and no other information may be used to hold the bit error flags; can be recognized. In this way, the forwarded packets are still standard form BFD packets as the format of the BFD packets need not be modified, thereby avoiding the problem of difficult to implement interactions. Guaranteed. In addition, transmission efficiency is improved because the bit error flags can be efficiently transferred.

When an intermediate node sends a first BFD packet to an egress node, if the value of the diagnostics field is the value defined in this application, the intermediate node shall set the remote end-user discriminator field in this packet to Note that all included bits can be set to one. It should be appreciated that the value of the Remote End Your Discriminator field in the BFD packet can only be determined through negotiation with the peer end of the session (ie this value is obtained from the peer end of the session). For example, when an intermediate node needs to send a first BFD packet to an egress node, only after performing negotiation with the egress node does it change the value of the Remote End Your Discriminator field in the first BFD packet. can decide. However, in this application, the intermediate node does not perform negotiation when sending the first BFD packet to the egress node, so it cannot determine the value of the remote end-user discriminator field in the first BFD packet. Therefore, for ease of administration, this field is set to a special value. For example, all bits contained in this field are set to one.

In certain embodiments, the first BFD packet includes a minimum required echo rx interval field, the minimum required echo rx interval field is used to hold the bit error rate, and the minimum required echo rx interval field The first m bits of represent the bit error rate modulus and the middle n bits of the required minimum echo rx interval field represent the bit error rate exponent. m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the length of the minimum echo rx interval field required. less than value.

Specifically, standard form BFD packets sent by intermediate nodes to egress nodes contain a required minimum echo rx interval field of 32 bits. If the value of the diagnostic field is the value defined in this application, the minimum echo rx interval required field can be used to convey the bit error rate. The bit error rate modulus and exponent are represented by the first m bits and the middle n bits, respectively, in the minimum echo rx interval required field.

For example, an intermediate node detects that the bit error rate is 7×10 ⁻⁵ , and the first 4 bits 0111 of the required min echo rx interval field represent the bit error rate factor, and the required min echo rx The middle 3 bits 101 of the interval field represent the m-bit error rate exponent and the remaining 25 bits are reserved bits.

The intermediate node may forward the detected bit error rate to the egress node on the first tunnel by reusing the required minimum echo rx interval field, so that the egress node returns the bit error rate to It can be appreciated that the bit error rate can be obtained more directly from the first packet received without additional forwarding. This reduces transmission resource overhead and improves transmission efficiency.

In a particular embodiment, the egress node receives a third packet sent through the first tunnel by a second intermediate node on the first tunnel. A third packet is a packet sent to the egress node when the second intermediate node detects that the bit error rate of packets sent through the first tunnel exceeds the threshold; The packet includes a first bit error rate and the third packet includes a second bit error rate. The egress node calculates the sum of the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate. The sum of the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate exceeds the switching threshold of the egress node.

Specifically, there are multiple transmission paths on the first tunnel. Specifically, a packet or data transmitted by an ingress node on a first tunnel is forwarded by multiple intermediate nodes on the first tunnel before being received by an egress node on the first tunnel. need to Each intermediate node may perform CRC detection on the received data to obtain the bit error rate of the path. After obtaining the bit error rate, each intermediate node creates a BFD session with the egress node, sends a BFD packet to the egress node, and sends a corresponding label, a corresponding bit error flag, a corresponding bit error rate, and can be added to the BFD packet. The egress node may calculate the sum of bit error rates of all received BFD packets to obtain the sum of bit error rates, and then compare the sum of bit error rates to a switching threshold. If the sum of the bit error rates exceeds the switching threshold, the egress node feeds back to the ingress node on the first tunnel that the sum of the bit error rates exceeds the switching threshold.

The exit node does not perform simple algebraic addition when computing the sum of bit error rates, but computes the sum of bit error rates according to a particular rule or algorithm, e.g. It should be understood to calculate The specific rules or algorithms to be used are not limited in this application. For a description of calculating the sum of bit error rates, please refer to the related description in S301. For the sake of brevity, the details are not repeated here.

For example, FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle for calculating the sum of bit error rates of multiple paths according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4, ingress node 410 is connected to egress node 440 through first intermediate node 420 and second intermediate node 430 . This route is the first tunnel established between ingress node 410 and egress node 440, and the packet is forwarded through the first tunnel based on the label. The first intermediate node 420 performs CRC detection at the port of the first intermediate node 420 after receiving the data sent by the ingress node 410 at the port of the first intermediate node 420, and bit errors occur. If so, it creates a first BFD session and sends a first BFD packet to egress node 440 . A first BFD packet carries a first bit error rate. the second intermediate node 430 also performs CRC detection at the port of the second intermediate node 430 after receiving the data forwarded by the first intermediate node 420 at the port of the second intermediate node 430; If it detects that a bit error has occurred, it creates a second BFD session and sends a second BFD packet to egress node 440 . A second BFD packet carries a second bit error rate. Egress node 440 sums the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate to obtain a total bit error rate after receiving the first BFD packet and the second BFD packet, and then: Second, compare the total bit error rate with the switching threshold. If the total bit error rate exceeds the switching threshold, egress node 440 feeds back to ingress node 410 through the second tunnel that the total bit error rate exceeds the switching threshold. The second tunnel, which is a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel, may be established by connecting egress node 440 to ingress node 410 through second intermediate node 430 and first intermediate node 420, or another intermediate node. can be established by connecting egress node 440 to ingress node 410 through a node. In this case, the ingress node 410 on the first tunnel becomes the egress node on the second tunnel and the egress node 440 on the first tunnel becomes the ingress node on the second tunnel.

Optionally, the egress node generates a first tunnel bit error event after determining that the sum of the bit error rates exceeds the switching threshold for traffic engineering (TE) hot standby (hot - Trigger higher layer applications on egress nodes to perform standby, HSB) or pseudo wire (PW) switching.

S303: The egress node sends the second packet to the ingress node.

Specifically, after the egress node determines the ingress node based on the label in the first packet, the egress node sends a second packet through the second tunnel to the ingress node to detect bit errors in the first tunnel. Notifies the ingress node that is occurring. The second tunnel is a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel.

In certain embodiments, the second packet includes a second label and a second bit error flag. A second bit error flag is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the reverse tunnel of the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted. the second label to determine that the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted is the second tunnel, and to determine that the first tunnel is the reverse tunnel of the second tunnel; Used by ingress nodes.

Specifically, the egress node can determine the second tunnel based on the second label in the second packet and determine that the reverse tunnel of the second tunnel is the first tunnel. This is because the egress node on the first tunnel is the ingress node of the second tunnel. The egress node can determine that the first tunnel has bit errors based on the second label and the second bit error flag in the second packet.

Optionally, the egress node creates a second BFD session, adds a second label and a second bit error flag to the second BFD packets, sends the second BFD packets through the second tunnel to the ingress node.

In a particular embodiment, the second BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold a second bit error flag, and the value of the second bit error flag is thirty-one. Of course, another value could be used to represent the second bit error flag. This is not a limitation in this application. For the description of the diagnostic field, please refer to the related description in S302. For the sake of brevity, the details are not repeated here.

In a particular embodiment, the second BFD packet includes a minimum required echo rx interval field, the minimum required echo rx interval field is used to hold the bit error rate, and the minimum required echo rx interval field The first m bits of represent the bit error rate modulus and the middle n bits of the required minimum echo rx interval field represent the bit error rate exponent. m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the length of the minimum echo rx interval field required. less than value.

See the related description at S302 for a description of the required minimum echo rx interval field. For the sake of brevity, the details are not repeated here.

In addition, the ingress node generates a first tunnel bit error event after determining that the first tunnel has a bit error, thereby causing a higher level on the ingress node to perform TE HSB or PW switching. Trigger layer applications. That is, the ingress node sends data to the egress node through the backup tunnel rather than through the first tunnel to avoid data traffic loss.

Optionally, the egress node generates a third BFD session that matches the first BFD session, receives the first BFD packet sent by the intermediate node, and determines whether bit errors have been removed. To detect. The intermediate node periodically sends the first BFD packet to the egress node. If the egress node does not receive the first BFD packet sent by the intermediate node within the first preset time period, the bit error has been eliminated, i.e. the bit error is present in the first tunnel. not and the first tunnel can be used normally. The egress node deletes the second BFD session and the third BFD session. The first preset period can be set according to actual requirements. For example, the first preset period may be set to 3.5 transmission intervals of BFD packets. This is not a limitation in this application. Alternatively, the intermediate node detects that the bit error rate does not exceed the threshold and uses a diagnostic field to hold a bit error exclusion flag. For example, if the value of the diagnostic field is 29, this indicates that bit errors have been removed. The egress node determines that the bit error has been eliminated based on the value of the diagnostic field after receiving the BFD packet carrying the bit error elimination identifier. The first tunnel may continue to be used normally, deleting the second and third BFD sessions.

In addition, the ingress node generates a fourth BFD session that matches the second BFD session and receives the second BFD packet sent by the egress node such that bit errors on the first tunnel are removed. detect whether The egress node periodically sends a second BFD packet to the ingress node. If the ingress node does not receive the second BFD packet sent by the egress node within a second preset time period, the bit errors on the first tunnel have been eliminated and the first tunnel is It is considered that it can be used normally. In this case, the ingress node transmits data to the egress node again through the first tunnel. That is, data traffic is switched from the standby tunnel to the first tunnel and the ingress node deletes the fourth BFD session. The second preset period may be the same as the first preset period, eg, 3.5 transmission intervals of BFD packets. This is not a limitation in this application. Alternatively, the diagnostic field is used to hold a bit error elimination flag after the egress node determines that bit errors on the first tunnel have been eliminated. After receiving the BFD packet carrying the bit error elimination flag, the ingress node determines that the bit error on the first tunnel has been eliminated based on the value of the diagnostic field, and uses the first tunnel again. can send the data to the egress node and delete the fourth BFD session.

It should be understood that steps S301 to S303 in the foregoing method embodiments are only schematic descriptions and should not constitute any particular limitation. Related steps may be added, deleted, or combined as desired.

FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another method of signaling bit errors according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 5, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps.

S501: A first node receives a packet sent by a second node.

Specifically, the first node and the second node are two directly connected devices, and there is no intermediate device between the first node and the second node.

S502: The first node detects the bit error rate of the received packet.

Specifically, after the first node receives the packet transmitted by the second node at the port of the first node, it performs bit error detection on the packet through the CRC at the port of the first node. may be implemented to detect if the bit error rate of the packet exceeds a threshold. The threshold can be set according to actual requirements. Specific values are not limited in this application.

S503: The first node creates a BFD session between the first node and the second node.

Specifically, after the bit error rate is detected at the port of the first node to exceed the threshold, the link protocol status of the port changes to Down, and the first node and a second node.

S504: The first node sends the BFD packet to the second node through the BFD session.

Specifically, the first node periodically transmits BFD packets to the second node after creating the BFD session.

In certain embodiments, the Internet protocol (IP) address of the BFD packet is a multicast IP address, or the media access control (MAC) address of the BFD packet is a multicast MAC address.

Specifically, a multicast IP address or a multicast MAC address may be used for BFD packets sent by a first node to a second node. In other words, instead of first obtaining the IP address of the second node, the first node sends BFD packets directly to the second node, and then forwards the BFD packets to the second node based on the obtained IP address. 2 nodes.

A multicast IP address or multicast MAC address is used to send BFD packets, and this scheme does not depend on the IP addresses configured on the ports of the node, i.e. the IP addresses of the target node's ports are obtained in advance. It can be understood that there is no need to In this way, BFD packets can be forwarded both in layer 3 and layer 2 networks. As a result, the method of transmitting BFD packets can be used both in Layer 3 and Layer 2 networks.

In certain embodiments, the diagnostic field of the BFD packet is used to identify bit errors in packets transmitted by the second node to the first node.

Specifically, the BFD packet sent by the first node is a standard format BFD packet that includes a 5-bit diagnostic field corresponding to 32 values from 0 to 31. The RFC defines the meaning of only the values 0-8. In this application, an undefined value may be used to identify bit errors in packets transmitted by a second node to a first node. For example, if the value of the diagnostic field is 28, this indicates that a bit error has occurred. After receiving the BFD packet, the second node can determine, based on the value of the diagnostic field, that the packet sent to the first node has bit errors. For a description of the diagnostic field and how to obtain the value of the diagnostic field, please refer to the related description in the method embodiment of FIG. For the sake of brevity, the details are not repeated here.

Further, the second node triggers higher layer services associated with ports of the first node to perform protection switching after receiving the BFD packet sent by the first node. That is, the second node transmits data to the first node over the standby link to avoid data traffic loss.

Optionally, the second node creates a BFD session between the second node and the first node and receives BFD packets periodically sent by the first node, the bit errors Detect if removed. If the first node detects that the bit error rate is less than the threshold, the first node stops sending BFD packets to the second node and deletes the BFD session. If the BFD packet sent by the first node is not received by the second node within a preset period of time, the bit error is considered cleared and the second node deletes the BFD session. and again send the data to the first node over the previously used link. That is, data traffic is switched from the standby link to the previously used link. The preset period can be set according to actual requirements. For example, the preset period may be set to 3.5 transmission intervals of BFD packets. This is not a limitation in this application. Alternatively, the first node detects that the bit error rate is less than a threshold and uses a diagnostic field to hold a bit error exclusion flag. For example, if the value of the diagnostic field is 29, this indicates that bit errors have been removed. After receiving the BFD packet carrying the bit error elimination flag, the second node can determine that the bit error has been eliminated based on the value of the diagnostic field, delete the BFD session, and restore the original link again. to the first node. Additionally, after the bit error is removed, the link protocol status of the first node's port is restored to Up.

It should be understood that steps S501 to S504 in the foregoing method embodiments are only schematic descriptions and should not constitute any particular limitation. Related steps may be added, deleted, or combined as desired.

FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of yet another method of signaling bit errors according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 6, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps.

S601: The second node sends a packet to the first node through the first tunnel.

Specifically, the second node and the first node may be two directly connected devices. That is, the first tunnel may be a direct link between the second node and the first node, and there are one or more intermediate devices between the second node and the first node. You may

S602: The second node receives the BFD packet sent by the first node.

Optionally, the first node detects a bit error rate after receiving packets transmitted by the second node, and if the bit error rate exceeds a threshold, the first node and the second node creating a BFD session with a node of the second node, transmitting a BFD packet to the second node over the BFD session, and determining to the second node that the packet transmitted by the second node has a bit error to notify.

Further, the IP address of the BFD packet is a multicast IP address or the MAC address of the BFD packet is a multicast MAC address.

Optionally, a diagnostic field of the BFD packet is used to identify bit errors in packets transmitted by the second node to the first node.

S603: The second node sends the packet to the first node through the second tunnel.

Specifically, after the second node receives a BFD packet sent by the first node, it performs protection switching, i.e., forwards the packet through the standby tunnel (i.e., the second tunnel) to the first node. node to avoid data traffic loss.

Optionally, after the bit errors are removed, the second node transmits the packet to the first node again through the first tunnel. In other words, data traffic is switched from the second tunnel to the first tunnel.

It should be understood that steps S601 to S603 in the foregoing method embodiments are only schematic descriptions and should not constitute any particular limitation. Related steps may be added, deleted, or combined as desired.

For specific details in the method embodiment of FIG. 6, please refer to the relevant descriptions in S501 to S504. For the sake of brevity, the details are not repeated here.

In order to better implement the aforementioned solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following further provides relevant devices adapted to implement the aforementioned solutions accordingly.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an intermediate node according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7, intermediate node 100 includes processing module 110 and transceiver module 120 .

Processing module 110 is configured to detect a bit error rate of packets transmitted over the first tunnel.

Transceiver module 120 is configured to transmit the first packet to an egress node on the first tunnel when processing module 110 detects that the bit error rate exceeds a threshold. The first packet is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred on the first tunnel, and the first packet is further used to send a second packet to the ingress node on the first tunnel. Used to indicate to the egress node, the second packet is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel.

In one embodiment, the first packet includes a label and a bit error flag, the label being used by the egress node to determine the first tunnel, and the bit error flag being the It is used to indicate that a tunnel with bit errors has occurred.

In one embodiment, the first packet is used to instruct the egress node to send the second packet over the second tunnel to the ingress node on the first tunnel. The second tunnel is a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel.

In one embodiment, the label is also used by the egress node to determine the secondary tunnel.

In one embodiment, the processing module 110 calculates a sum of bit error rates of packets forwarded through multiple paths of the first tunnel and detects that the sum of bit error rates exceeds a threshold.

In one embodiment, the first packet is a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold a bit error flag, the value of the bit error flag is , 30.

In one embodiment, the first packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a minimum echo rx interval required field, the minimum echo rx interval required field is used to hold the bit error rate, The first m bits of the minimum echo rx interval required field represent the bit error rate modulus and the middle n bits of the minimum echo rx interval required field represent the bit error rate exponent. m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the length of the minimum echo rx interval field required. less than value.

It can be appreciated that the transceiver module 120 in this embodiment of the application may be implemented by a transceiver or circuit components associated with a transceiver, and the processing module 110 may be implemented by a processor or circuit components associated with a processor. .

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an egress node according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 8, egress node 200 includes receive module 210 and transmit module 220 .

Receiving module 210 is configured to receive a first packet transmitted over the first tunnel by a first intermediate node on the first tunnel. The first packet is the packet sent to the egress node when the first intermediate node detects that the bit error rate of the packet sent through the first tunnel exceeds the threshold; The packet is used to indicate that bit errors have occurred in the first tunnel.

The sending module 220 is configured to send the second packet to the ingress node on the first tunnel. A second packet is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel.

In one embodiment, the first packet includes a first label and a first bit error flag, the first label corresponding to the first tunnel, the first bit error flag corresponding to the first Used to indicate that the tunnel through which the packet is sent has bit errors. The egress node 200 further includes a processing module 230 configured to determine that the first tunnel has experienced a bit error based on the first label and the first bit error flag.

In one embodiment, the processing module 230 is specifically configured to determine the second tunnel based on the first label and pass the second packet through the second tunnel to the first tunnel. It is configured to instruct the sending module to send to the ingress node above. The second tunnel is a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel.

In one embodiment, the second packet includes a second label and a second bit error flag, the second label being used by the ingress node to determine the first tunnel, the second A bit error flag is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the reverse tunnel of the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted.

In one embodiment, the first packet is a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold a first bit error flag, and the first The value of the bit error flag is 30, the second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold the second bit error flag, the second The value of the 2 bit error flag is 31.

In one embodiment, the first packet and the second packet are each a BFD packet, the BFD packet including a required minimum echo rx interval field, the required minimum echo rx interval field holding the bit error rate. The first m bits of the minimum echo rx interval required field represent the bit error rate modulus and the middle n bits of the minimum echo rx interval required field represent the bit error rate exponent. m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the length of the minimum echo rx interval field required. less than value.

In one embodiment, receiving module 210 is further configured to receive a third packet transmitted over the first tunnel by a second intermediate node on the first tunnel. A third packet is a packet sent to the egress node when the second intermediate node detects that the bit error rate of packets sent through the first tunnel exceeds the threshold; The packet includes a first bit error rate and the third packet includes a second bit error rate. Processing module 230 is further configured to calculate the sum of the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate. The sum of the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate exceeds the switching threshold of the egress node.

Receiving module 210 and transmitting module 220 in this embodiment of the application may be implemented by a transceiver or circuit components associated with a transceiver, and processing module 230 may be implemented by a processor or circuit components associated with a processor. can be understood.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an ingress node according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 9, ingress node 300 includes transceiver module 310 and processing module 320 .

Transceiver module 310 is configured to receive a second packet sent by an egress node on the first tunnel. A second packet is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel.

The processing module 320 is configured to determine, based on the second packet, that the first tunnel has bit errors.

In one embodiment, the transceiver module 310 is specifically configured to receive a second packet transmitted through a second tunnel by an egress node on the first tunnel, the second tunnel: A reverse tunnel of the first tunnel.

In one embodiment, the second packet includes a label and a bit error flag, the bit error flag being used to indicate that bit errors have occurred in the reverse tunnel of the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted. be done. Specifically, the processing module 320 determines based on the label that the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted is the second tunnel, and the first tunnel is the reverse tunnel of the second tunnel. and that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel based on the bit error flag.

In one embodiment, the second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold a bit error flag, and the value of the bit error flag is 31. .

In one embodiment, the second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a minimum required echo rx interval field, the minimum required echo rx interval field is used to hold the bit error rate, The first m bits of the minimum echo rx interval required field represent the bit error rate modulus and the middle n bits of the minimum echo rx interval required field represent the bit error rate exponent. m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the length of the minimum echo rx interval field required. less than value.

It can be appreciated that the transceiver module 310 in this embodiment of the application may be implemented by a transceiver or circuit components associated with a transceiver, and the processing module 320 may be implemented by a processor or circuit components associated with a processor. .

Note that the structure of the intermediate node, the structure of the egress node or the structure of the ingress node, and the process of signaling bit errors are examples only and should not constitute any particular limitation. Units within intermediate, egress, or ingress nodes may be added, deleted, or combined as desired.

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a first node according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 10, first node 400 includes processing module 410 and transceiver module 420 .

The processing module 410 detects the bit error rate of packets received from the second node, if it detects that the bit error rate has reached the threshold, and detects the bit error rate of packets received from the second node, and configured to create a forwarding detection BFD session;

Transceiver module 420 is configured to transmit BFD packets to the second node over the BFD session. A BFD packet is used to indicate that a packet transmitted by a second node to a first node has bit errors.

In one embodiment, the Internet Protocol IP address of the BFD packet is a multicast IP address or the MAC address of the BFD packet is a multicast MAC address.

In one embodiment, the diagnostic Diag field of the BFD packet is used to identify bit errors in packets transmitted by the second node to the first node.

In one embodiment, the processing module 410 is further configured to delete the BFD session upon detecting that the bit error rate is less than a threshold and stop sending BFD packets to the second node. configured to instruct the transceiver module 420 to

It can be appreciated that the transceiver module 420 in this embodiment of the application may be implemented by a transceiver or circuit components associated with a transceiver, and the processing module 410 may be implemented by a processor or circuit components associated with a processor. .

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a second node according to an embodiment of the present application; As shown in FIG. 11, the second node 500 includes a transmitting module 510 and a receiving module 520. As shown in FIG.

A transmission module 510 is configured to transmit the packet to the first node over the first tunnel.

The receiving module 520 is configured to receive a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet sent by the first node. A BFD packet is used to indicate that a packet transmitted by a second node to a first node has bit errors.

The sending module 510 is further configured to send the packet to the first node through the second tunnel. The second tunnel is different than the first tunnel.

In one embodiment, the diagnostic Diag field of the BFD packet is used to identify bit errors in packets transmitted by the second node to the first node.

It can be appreciated that the transmit module 510 and receive module 520 in this embodiment of the application may be implemented by a transceiver or circuit components associated with a transceiver.

Note that the structure of the first node or the structure of the second node and the process of reporting bit errors are examples only and should not constitute any particular limitation. Units within the first node or the second node may be added, deleted, or combined as desired.

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 12, network device 600 includes processor 610 , communication interface 620 and memory 630 . Processor 610 , communication interface 620 and memory 630 are connected to each other through internal bus 640 . It should be appreciated that the network device may be a router or switch.

Processor 610 may include one or more general-purpose processors, such as a central processing unit (CPU), or a combination of CPUs and hardware chips. A hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. A PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof. good.

Bus 640 may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, or the like. Buses 640 may be classified as address buses, data buses, control buses, and the like. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used to represent the buses in FIG. 12, indicating that there is only one bus or one type of bus. does not mean

The memory 630 may include volatile memory such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory (flash memory). , a hard disk drive (HDD), or a solid-state drive (SSD), and may include combinations of the aforementioned types. Memory 630 may be configured to store programs and data such that processor 610 invokes the program code and data stored in memory 630 in order to implement the functionality of the aforementioned processing modules. The program code implements the intermediate node shown in FIG. 7, the exit node shown in FIG. 8, the entry node shown in FIG. 9, the first node shown in FIG. 10 or the second node shown in FIG. and a method step performed by an intermediate node, an egress node or an ingress node in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the first node in the method embodiment shown in FIG. and the method steps performed by a second node in the method embodiment illustrated in FIG.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the program is executed by a processor, some or all of the steps in any one of the foregoing method embodiments may be implemented, the functionality of any of the functional modules being shown in FIGS. It is illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a computer or processor, the computer or processor performs one or more steps in any one of the aforementioned methods of signaling bit errors. When the aforementioned modules within the device are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, the modules may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium.

In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions in the embodiments have their respective focal points. For parts not described in detail in one embodiment, refer to related descriptions in other embodiments.

The "first", "second", "third", "fourth" and various numbers herein are used merely for purposes of distinction for ease of explanation. should not be construed as any limitation on the scope of the present application.

It should be understood that the term "and/or" herein describes only the correspondence between related subjects and expresses that there can be three relationships. For example, A and/or B can represent three cases: only A is present, both A and B are present, and only B is present. Additionally, the character "/" herein generally indicates an "or" relationship between related subjects.

It should further be appreciated that the sequential numbering of the processes described above does not imply the order of execution in the embodiments of the present application. The execution order of the processes should be determined based on the functions and internal logic of the processes and should not be construed as any limitation on the implementation processes of the embodiments of the present application.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithmic steps, in combination with the examples described in the embodiments disclosed herein, can be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. can. Whether the function is performed by hardware or by software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may use different methods to implement the described functionality for each particular application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

For the purpose of convenience and brief description, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the detailed operation processes of the aforementioned systems, devices and units refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments. Details will not be repeated here.

It should be appreciated that in some of the embodiments provided herein, the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely exemplary. For example, the division into units is only a division of logical functions, and may be other divisions in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, and some functions may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the shown or described mutual or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. Indirect couplings or communicative connections between devices or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical or other form.

Units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate and parts shown as units may not be physical units and may be co-located. It may well be distributed over multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected according to actual requirements to achieve the purpose of the solutions in the embodiments.

Additionally, the functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each of these units may physically exist alone, or two or more units may are integrated into one unit.

When such functionality is implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, such functionality may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application essentially or partially contribute to the prior art, or some of the technical solutions can be implemented in the form of software products. A computer software product is stored on a storage medium and instructs a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server or network device, etc.) to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments herein. Contains some instructions for The aforementioned storage media include USB flash drives, removable hard disks, read-only memories (ROM), random access memories (RAM), magnetic disks, optical disks, and various other media that can store program code. including.

The order of the method steps in the embodiments of the present application may be adjusted, combined, or deleted according to actual requirements.

The modules in the devices in the embodiments of the present application may be combined, divided, or deleted according to actual requirements.

In conclusion, the foregoing embodiments are only intended to describe the technical solutions of the present application rather than limiting the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, a person skilled in the art will know that the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be further modified, or that the technical solutions It should be understood that some technical features are equally interchangeable. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions out of the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
[Other possible items]
(Item 1)
A method of notifying a bit error, comprising:
detecting by an intermediate node on the first tunnel that a bit error rate of packets transmitted over the first tunnel exceeds a threshold;
said intermediate node transmitting a first packet through said first tunnel to an egress node on said first tunnel, said first packet having bit errors in said first tunnel; is used to indicate that it is occurring, the first packet is further used to instruct the egress node to send a second packet to the ingress node on the first tunnel; wherein a second packet is used to indicate that bit errors have occurred in said first tunnel.
(Item 2)
The first packet includes a label and a bit-error flag, the label being used by the egress node to determine the first tunnel, the bit-error flag indicating that the first packet is transmitted. 2. The method of item 1, wherein the method is used to indicate that a tunnel to which a signal is sent has bit errors.
(Item 3)
wherein said first packet is used to direct said egress node to send a second packet to an ingress node on said first tunnel;
said first packet being used to instruct said egress node to transmit said second packet over a second tunnel to said ingress node on said first tunnel; The tunnel of is a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel, including being used
3. The method of item 1 or 2.
(Item 4)
4. The method of item 3, wherein the label is further used by the egress node to determine the second tunnel.
(Item 5)
The step of detecting by the intermediate node on the first tunnel that a bit error rate of packets transmitted over the first tunnel exceeds a threshold comprises:
calculating by the intermediate node a sum of bit error rates of packets forwarded over multiple paths over the first tunnel and detecting that the sum of the bit error rates exceeds the threshold. ,
5. The method of any one of items 1-4.
(Item 6)
The first packet is a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold the bit error flag, the value of the bit error flag is , 30. The method of any one of items 2 to 5, wherein
(Item 7)
The first packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a minimum required echo rx interval field, the minimum required echo rx interval field is used to hold the bit error rate, and The first m bits of the minimum required echo rx interval field represent the modulus of the bit error rate, the middle n bits of the minimum required echo rx interval field represent the exponent of the bit error rate, and m is is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is less than the required minimum echo rx interval field length value. 7. The method of any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the
(Item 8)
A method of notifying a bit error, comprising:
receiving by an egress node on the first tunnel a first packet transmitted through the first tunnel by a first intermediate node on the first tunnel, the first packet comprising: a packet transmitted to the egress node when the first intermediate node detects that a bit error rate of a packet transmitted through the first tunnel exceeds a threshold, wherein the first packet is , used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in said first tunnel;
said egress node transmitting a second packet to an ingress node on said first tunnel based on said first packet, said second packet transmitting bits to said first tunnel; A method comprising: sending, used to indicate that an error has occurred.
(Item 9)
wherein the first packet includes a first label and a first bit error flag, the first label corresponding to the first tunnel, the first bit error flag corresponding to the first used to indicate that the tunnel through which the packet is sent has bit errors,
9. The method of item 8, further comprising: determining by the egress node that the first tunnel is experiencing bit errors based on the first label and the first bit error flag.
(Item 10)
said egress node sending a second packet to an ingress node on said first tunnel based on said first packet;
the egress node determining a second tunnel based on the first label;
said egress node sending said second packet through said second tunnel to said ingress node on said first tunnel, said second tunnel being a reverse of said first tunnel; is a tunnel, having a transmitting stage;
The method of item 9.
(Item 11)
The second packet includes a second label and a second bit error flag, the second label being used by the ingress node to determine the first tunnel; A bit error flag is used to indicate that a reverse tunnel of the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted has a bit error.
11. The method of any one of items 8-10.
(Item 12)
The first packet is a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold the first bit error flag, and the first The value of the bit error flag is 30,
The second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold the second bit error flag, and the second bit error flag is the value is 31;
12. The method of any one of items 9-11.
(Item 13)
Each of the first packet and the second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet including a required minimum echo rx interval field, the required minimum echo rx interval field carrying the bit error rate. the first m bits of the required minimum echo rx interval field represent a factor of the bit error rate, and the middle n bits of the required minimum echo rx interval field represent the bit error rate of represents an exponent, m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the minimum required echo rx 13. The method of any one of items 8-12, wherein the length value is less than the interval field length value.
(Item 14)
receiving by said egress node a third packet sent by a second intermediate node on said first tunnel through said first tunnel, said third packet being transmitted through said first tunnel; a packet packet transmitted to an egress node when a second intermediate node detects that a bit error rate of the transmitted packet exceeds a threshold, the first packet having a first bit error rate wherein said third packet includes a second bit error rate;
said exit node calculating a sum of said first bit error rate and said second bit error rate, said sum of said first bit error rate and said second bit error rate; exceeds the egress node switching threshold.
(Item 15)
A method of notifying a bit error, comprising:
receiving by an ingress node on said first tunnel a second packet sent by an egress node on said first tunnel, said second packet having bit errors in said first tunnel; receiving an indication of what is happening;
determining, based on the second packet, that the ingress node is experiencing bit errors in the first tunnel.
(Item 16)
The step of receiving by an ingress node on the first tunnel a second packet sent by an egress node on the first tunnel comprises:
receiving, by the ingress node on the first tunnel, the second packet sent over a second tunnel by the egress node on the first tunnel, the second tunnel comprising: being a reverse tunnel of said first tunnel;
16. The method of item 15.
(Item 17)
the second packet includes a label and a bit error flag, the bit error flag being used to indicate that a reverse tunnel of the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted has a bit error; determining, based on the second packet, that the ingress node has bit errors in the first tunnel,
the ingress node determines based on the label that the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted is the second tunnel, and the first tunnel is a reverse tunnel of the second tunnel; a step of determining
determining by the ingress node that the first tunnel is experiencing bit errors based on the bit error flags;
17. The method of item 16.
(Item 18)
The second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold the bit error flag, and the value of the bit error flag is 31. , item 17.
(Item 19)
The second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a minimum required echo rx interval field, the minimum required echo rx interval field is used to hold the bit error rate, and The first m bits of the minimum required echo rx interval field represent the modulus of the bit error rate, the middle n bits of the minimum required echo rx interval field represent the exponent of the bit error rate, and m is is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is less than the required minimum echo rx interval field length value. 19. The method of any one of items 15 to 18, wherein the amount is less.
(Item 20)
A method of notifying a bit error, comprising:
detecting by the first node the bit error rate of packets received from the second node;
generating a bi-directional forwarding detection BFD session between the first node and the second node upon detecting that the bit error rate has reached a threshold;
said first node transmitting BFD packets to said second node over said BFD session, said BFD packets being said packets transmitted by said second node to said first node; and transmitting used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in a.
(Item 21)
21. Method according to item 20, wherein the internet protocol IP address of the BFD packet is a multicast IP address or the MAC address of the BFD packet is a multicast MAC address.
(Item 22)
22. The method of item 20 or 21, wherein the diagnostic Diag field of the BFD packet is used to identify bit errors in packets transmitted by the second node to the first node. .
(Item 23)
deleting the BFD session and stopping sending BFD packets to the second node if detecting that the bit error rate is less than the threshold. The method described in .
(Item 24)
A method of notifying a bit error, comprising:
a second node sending a packet to the first node over the first tunnel;
said second node receiving a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet sent by said first node, said BFD packet sent by said second node to said first node; receiving, used to indicate that the packet has bit errors;
said second node sending packets to said first node over a second tunnel, said second tunnel being different than said first tunnel. ,Method.
(Item 25)
25. The method of item 24, wherein a diagnostic Diag field of the BFD packet is used to identify bit errors in packets transmitted by the second node to the first node.
(Item 26)
a processing module configured to detect a bit error rate of packets transmitted over the first tunnel;
A transceiver module configured to transmit a first packet to an egress node on the first tunnel, wherein if the processing module detects that the bit error rate exceeds a threshold, the A packet of 1 is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel, and the first packet further transmits a second packet to an ingress node on the first tunnel. a transceiver module used to instruct the egress node to do so, and wherein the second packet is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel.
(Item 27)
The first packet includes a label and a bit-error flag, the label being used by the egress node to determine the first tunnel, the bit-error flag indicating that the first packet is transmitted. 27. An intermediate node according to item 26, which is used to indicate that the tunnel to which it is connected has bit errors.
(Item 28)
The first packet is used to direct the egress node to send the second packet over a second tunnel to the ingress node on the first tunnel, the second tunnel comprising: 28. Intermediate node according to item 26 or 27, which is a reverse tunnel of said first tunnel.
(Item 29)
Intermediate node according to item 28, wherein said label is further used by said egress node to determine said second tunnel.
(Item 30)
Item 26, wherein the processing module calculates a sum of bit error rates of packets forwarded over multiple paths of the first tunnel and detects that the sum of the bit error rates exceeds the threshold, item 26 30. An intermediate node according to any one of 29.
(Item 31)
The first packet is a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold the bit error flag, the value of the bit error flag is ,30.
(Item 32)
The first packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a minimum required echo rx interval field, the minimum required echo rx interval field is used to hold the bit error rate, and The first m bits of the minimum required echo rx interval field represent the modulus of the bit error rate, the middle n bits of the minimum required echo rx interval field represent the exponent of the bit error rate, and m is is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is less than the required minimum echo rx interval field length value. 32. An intermediate node according to any one of items 26 to 31, wherein the intermediate node is also smaller.
(Item 33)
an exit node,
A receiving module configured to receive a first packet transmitted over said first tunnel by a first intermediate node on said first tunnel, said first packet a packet transmitted to the egress node when the first intermediate node detects that a bit error rate of a packet transmitted through the tunnel exceeds a threshold; a receiving module used to indicate that a tunnel of
a transmitting module configured to transmit a second packet to an ingress node on said first tunnel, said second packet indicating that said first tunnel has bit errors; egress node, comprising a sending module and
(Item 34)
The first packet includes a first label and a first bit error flag, the first label corresponding to the first tunnel, the first bit error flag corresponding to the first used to indicate that the tunnel through which the packet is sent has bit errors,
The egress node further comprises a processing module configured to determine, based on the first label and the first bit error flag, that the first tunnel is experiencing bit errors.
An exit node according to item 33.
(Item 35)
Specifically, the processing module is
configured to determine a second tunnel based on the first label; and
configured to instruct the sending module to send the second packet through the second tunnel to the ingress node on the first tunnel, the second tunnel being the first tunnel of the first tunnel; is a reverse tunnel,
An exit node according to item 34.
(Item 36)
The second packet includes a second label and a second bit error flag, the second label being used by the ingress node to determine the first tunnel; A bit error flag is used to indicate that a reverse tunnel of the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted has a bit error.
An exit node according to any one of items 33-35.
(Item 37)
The first packet is a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold the first bit error flag, and the first The value of the bit error flag is 30,
The second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold the second bit error flag, and the second bit error flag is the value is 31;
An exit node according to any one of items 34-36.
(Item 38)
Each of the first packet and the second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet including a required minimum echo rx interval field, the required minimum echo rx interval field carrying the bit error rate. the first m bits of the required minimum echo rx interval field represent a factor of the bit error rate, and the middle n bits of the required minimum echo rx interval field represent the bit error rate of represents an exponent, m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the minimum required echo rx 38. An exit node according to any one of items 33 to 37 which is less than the length value of the interval field.
(Item 39)
The receiving module is further configured to receive a third packet transmitted through the first tunnel by a second intermediate node on the first tunnel, the third packet being the first is a packet transmitted to the egress node when the second intermediate node detects that the bit error rate of the packet transmitted through the tunnel exceeds a threshold, and the first packet is the first and the third packet includes a second bit error rate;
The processing module is further configured to calculate the sum of the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate; the sum exceeds the switching threshold of the exit node;
An exit node according to any one of items 33-38.
(Item 40)
A transceiver module configured to receive a second packet transmitted by an egress node on a first tunnel, the second packet having bit errors on the first tunnel. a transceiver module indicating that
a processing module configured to determine, based on the second packet, that the first tunnel is experiencing bit errors.
(Item 41)
The transceiver module is specifically configured to receive the second packet transmitted through a second tunnel by the egress node on the first tunnel, the second tunnel being configured to receive the is a reverse tunnel of the first tunnel,
Entry node according to item 40.
(Item 42)
the second packet includes a label and a bit error flag, the bit error flag being used to indicate that a reverse tunnel of the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted has a bit error;
Specifically, the processing module is
determining based on the label that the tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted is the second tunnel, and determining that the first tunnel is a reverse tunnel of the second tunnel. configured and
configured to determine, based on the bit error flag, that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel;
Entry node according to item 41.
(Item 43)
The second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold the bit error flag, and the value of the bit error flag is 31. , item 42.
(Item 44)
The second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a minimum required echo rx interval field, the minimum required echo rx interval field is used to hold the bit error rate, and The first m bits of the minimum required echo rx interval field represent the modulus of the bit error rate, the middle n bits of the minimum required echo rx interval field represent the exponent of the bit error rate, and m is is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is less than the required minimum echo rx interval field length value. 44. An ingress node according to any one of items 40 to 43, wherein the ingress node is also less than.
(Item 45)
a first node,
configured to detect a bit error rate of packets received from a second node, and upon detecting that the bit error rate reaches a threshold, the first node and the second node; a processing module configured to generate a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD session between
A transceiver module configured to transmit BFD packets to the second node over the BFD session, wherein the BFD packets are transmitted by the second node to the first node. A first node comprising: a transceiver module used to indicate that a bit error has occurred.
(Item 46)
46. The first node of item 45, wherein the Internet Protocol IP address of the BFD packet is a multicast IP address or the MAC address of the BFD packet is a multicast MAC address.
(Item 47)
47. The method of item 45 or 46, wherein the diagnostic Diag field of the BFD packet is used to identify bit errors in packets transmitted by the second node to the first node. 1 node.
(Item 48)
The processing module is further configured to delete the BFD session upon detecting that the bit error rate is less than the threshold and to stop sending BFD packets to the second node. 48. A first node according to any one of items 45 to 47, configured to direct said transceiver module.
(Item 49)
a second node,
a transmission module configured to transmit packets to the first node through the first tunnel;
a receiving module configured to receive a bidirectional forwarding detection BFD packet sent by said first node, said BFD packet sent by said second node to said first node; a receiving module used to indicate that a packet has bit errors;
the sending module is further configured to send packets to the first node over a second tunnel, the second tunnel being different than the first tunnel;
Second node.
(Item 50)
50. The second of item 49, wherein the diagnostic Diag field of the BFD packet is used to identify bit errors in packets transmitted by the second node to the first node. node.
(Item 51)
An intermediate node comprising a processor and a transceiver,
The processor and the transceiver are connected to each other, the transceiver configured to communicate with another device, and the processor configured to perform the method of any one of items 1 to 7. Ru
intermediate node.
(Item 52)
An egress node comprising a processor and a transceiver,
The processor and the transceiver are connected to each other, the transceiver configured to communicate with another device, and the processor configured to perform the method of any one of items 8 to 14. Ru
exit node.
(Item 53)
An ingress node comprising a processor and a transceiver,
The processor and the transceiver are connected to each other, the transceiver configured to communicate with another device, and the processor configured to perform the method of any one of items 15-19. Ru
entry node.
(Item 54)
A first node comprising a processor and a transceiver,
The processor and the transceiver are connected to each other, the transceiver configured to communicate with another device, and the processor configured to perform the method of any one of items 20-23. Ru
First node.
(Item 55)
A second node comprising a processor and a transceiver,
The processor and the transceiver are connected to each other, the transceiver configured to communicate with another device, and the processor configured to perform the method of any one of items 24 or 25. Ru
Second node.
(Item 56)
A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising instructions, said intermediate node being capable of executing the method of any one of items 1 to 7 when said instructions are executed on an intermediate node. computer-readable non-transitory storage medium.
(Item 57)
A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising instructions, said exit node being capable of executing the method of any one of items 8 to 14 when said instructions are executed on an exit node. computer-readable non-transitory storage medium.
(Item 58)
A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising instructions, said entry node being capable of executing the method of any one of items 15 to 19 when said instructions are executed on an entry node. computer-readable non-transitory storage medium.
(Item 59)
A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising instructions, said first node performing the method of any one of items 20-23 when said instructions are executed on said first node. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium that enables
(Item 60)
A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising instructions, enabling said second node to perform the method of item 24 or 25 when said instructions are executed on said second node. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium.

Claims (15)

A method of notifying a bit error, comprising:
detecting by an intermediate node on the first tunnel that the bit error rate of packets transmitted over the first tunnel exceeds a threshold;
said intermediate node transmitting a first packet through said first tunnel to an egress node on said first tunnel, said first packet having bit errors in said first tunnel; the first packet is used to indicate that it is occurring, the first packet is further used to instruct the egress node to send a second packet to the ingress node on the first tunnel; sending a second packet used to indicate that the first tunnel is experiencing bit errors ;
The first packet is a bidirectional forwarding detection packet (BFD packet), the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold a bit error flag, the bit error flag is a , used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the tunnel through which the first packet is transmitted;
Method. The first tunnel is a label-switched path (LSP) tunnel, the first packet further includes a label, the label used by the egress node to determine the first tunnel. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein: wherein said first packet is used to instruct said egress node to send a second packet to an ingress node on said first tunnel;
said first packet being used to instruct said egress node to transmit said second packet over a second tunnel to said ingress node on said first tunnel; wherein the tunnel of is a reverse tunnel of said first tunnel;
3. The method of claim 2. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said label is further used by said egress node to determine said second tunnel. the step of detecting by the intermediate node on the first tunnel that a bit error rate of packets transmitted over the first tunnel exceeds a threshold,
calculating by the intermediate node a sum of bit error rates of packets forwarded over multiple paths over the first tunnel and detecting that the sum of the bit error rates exceeds the threshold. ,
5. A method according to any one of claims 2-4. 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the value of said bit error flag is 30. The BFD packet includes a minimum required echo rx interval field, the minimum required echo rx interval field is used to hold the bit error rate, and the first m bits represents the modulus of the bit error rate, the middle n bits of the required minimum echo rx interval field represent the exponent of the bit error rate, and m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. 7. Any of claims 1 to 6, wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and the sum of m and n is less than the length value of the minimum required echo rx interval field. The method according to item 1. A method of notifying a bit error, comprising:
receiving by an egress node on the first tunnel a first packet transmitted through the first tunnel by a first intermediate node on the first tunnel, the first packet comprising: a packet transmitted to the egress node when the first intermediate node detects that a bit error rate of packets transmitted through the first tunnel exceeds a threshold, the first packet comprising: , used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel;
the egress node transmitting a second packet to an ingress node on the first tunnel based on the first packet, the second packet being transmitted to the first tunnel by bits used to indicate that an error has occurred ;
The first packet is a bidirectional forwarding detection packet (BFD packet), the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold a first bit error flag, the first a bit error flag of 1 is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the tunnel through which the first packet is transmitted;
Method. the first tunnel is a label-switched path (LSP) tunnel, the first packet further comprising a first label, the first label corresponding to the first tunnel ;
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: determining by the egress node that a bit error has occurred in the first tunnel based on the first label and the first bit error flag. said egress node transmitting a second packet to an ingress node on said first tunnel based on said first packet;
the egress node determining a second tunnel based on the first label;
said egress node sending said second packet through said second tunnel to said ingress node on said first tunnel, said second tunnel being a reverse packet of said first tunnel; is a tunnel, having a transmitting stage;
10. The method of claim 9. The second packet includes a second label and a second bit error flag, the second label is used by the ingress node to determine the first tunnel; A bit error flag is used to indicate that a bit error has occurred in the reverse tunnel of the second tunnel through which the second packet is transmitted , and the second tunnel is the reverse tunnel of the first tunnel. is a reverse tunnel,
11. A method according to claim 9 or 10. the value of the first bit error flag is 30;
The second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet includes a diagnostic field, the diagnostic field is used to hold the second bit error flag, and the the value is 31;
12. The method of claim 11. Each of the first packet and the second packet is a BFD packet, the BFD packet including a required minimum echo rx interval field, the required minimum echo rx interval field carrying the bit error rate. the first m bits of the required minimum echo rx interval field represent the bit error rate factor, and the middle n bits of the required minimum echo rx interval field represent the bit error rate represents an exponent, m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sum of m and n is the minimum required echo rx 13. A method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, which is less than the length value of the interval field. An intermediate node configured to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-7. An egress node configured to implement the method of any one of claims 8-13.

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