JP7330374B2 - Method and onboard electrical system for monitoring at least one Y capacitance of an onboard electrical system of a vehicle - Google Patents

Method and onboard electrical system for monitoring at least one Y capacitance of an onboard electrical system of a vehicle Download PDF

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JP7330374B2
JP7330374B2 JP2022518853A JP2022518853A JP7330374B2 JP 7330374 B2 JP7330374 B2 JP 7330374B2 JP 2022518853 A JP2022518853 A JP 2022518853A JP 2022518853 A JP2022518853 A JP 2022518853A JP 7330374 B2 JP7330374 B2 JP 7330374B2
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capacitance
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ウルス・ベーメ
アンドレ・ハスペル
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
    • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
    • G01R31/007—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks using microprocessors or computers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/16—Measuring impedance of element or network through which a current is passing from another source, e.g. cable, power line
    • G01R27/18—Measuring resistance to earth, i.e. line to ground
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/10—Driver interactions by alarm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
    • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Description

本発明は、車両の車載電気システムの少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量を監視するための方法に関する。更に、本発明は、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量を有する車両の車載電気システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a method for monitoring at least one Y-capacitance of an on-board electrical system of a vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to an on-board electrical system of a vehicle having at least one Y-capacitance.

電動車両では、車載電気システムの絶縁不良が電流の増加につながる場合がある。車載システムのＹ静電容量における貯蔵電気エネルギーを制限できるようにするために、これらのＹ静電容量は、最大エネルギーのみを有することができるように設定されている。 In electric vehicles, poor insulation in the on-board electrical system can lead to increased current. In order to be able to limit the stored electrical energy in the Y-capacitances of the onboard system, these Y-capacitances are set so that they can only have maximum energy.

特許文献１は、少なくとも１つの第１の電位配線および第２の電位配線を備えた、自動車用の車載電気システムを開示しており、車載システムは、適切な動作では、電位配線間に直流電圧を印加するように形成されている。車載システムは、少なくとも１つのＹコンデンサを有し、Ｙコンデンサは、第１の接続部により第１の電位配線と、第２の接続部により電気的基準電位と、電気的に結合され、スイッチレバーは、少なくとも１つのＹコンデンサと直列に接続されている。 US 2004/0020001 discloses an on-board electrical system for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one first potential wire and a second potential wire, which in proper operation has a DC voltage across the potential wires. is configured to apply The on-vehicle system has at least one Y-capacitor, which is electrically coupled by a first connection to the first potential line and by a second connection to the electrical reference potential, the switch lever are connected in series with at least one Y capacitor.

特許文献２は、車両用電池と、自動車の適切な走行動作時に、電気機械に電気機械電圧を印加するためのクロックエネルギーコンバータと、を備える、少なくとも１つの電気機械により駆動可能な自動車用の車載電気システムを開示している。クロックエネルギーコンバータは、直流電圧中間回路を有し、直流電圧中間回路は、車両用電池に電気的に結合され、電磁両立性を確立するための少なくとも１つのＹコンデンサを有する。車両用電池に接続された交流電圧充電ユニットは、車両外部の充電ステーションに接続され、充電ステーション側で交流電圧が印加されるように形成されている。直流電圧中間回路は、スイッチングユニットを使用して車両用電池に電気的に結合されており、スイッチングユニットは、交流電圧充電ユニットを使用して車両用電池が充電されているときに、直流電圧中間回路を車両用電池から電気的に絶縁するように形成されている。 WO 2005/010201 discloses a vehicle mount for a motor vehicle drivable by at least one electric machine, comprising a vehicle battery and a clock energy converter for applying an electromechanical voltage to the electric machine during proper driving operation of the motor vehicle. It discloses an electrical system. The clock energy converter has a DC voltage intermediate circuit, which is electrically coupled to the vehicle battery and has at least one Y-capacitor for establishing electromagnetic compatibility. The alternating voltage charging unit connected to the vehicle battery is designed to be connected to a charging station outside the vehicle and to be supplied with an alternating voltage at the charging station. The DC voltage intermediate circuit is electrically coupled to the vehicle battery using a switching unit, which switches the DC voltage intermediate circuit when the vehicle battery is being charged using the AC voltage charging unit. It is configured to electrically isolate the circuit from the vehicle battery.

その際、従来の方法では、車両の使用者が感電する可能性があるかどうかについて、Ｙ静電容量におけるエネルギー容量を検査しないというような欠点がある。 In doing so, conventional methods have drawbacks such as not checking the energy capacity in the Y-capacitance for possible electrocution of vehicle occupants.

ＤＥ １０ ２０１８ ００２ ９２６ Ａ１DE 10 2018 002 926 A1 ＤＥ １０ ２０１７ ００８ ８４０ Ａ１DE 10 2017 008 840 A1

本発明の課題は、ＨＶシステム、特に８００ボルトの電圧を用いる車両において、電圧安全性を高めることを確立できる方法および車載電気システムを提供することである。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an on-board electrical system that can establish increased voltage safety in HV systems, in particular in vehicles with a voltage of 800 volts.

本課題は、独立請求項に記載の方法および車載電気システムによって解決される。適切な発展形態は、従属請求項から明らかになる。 The problem is solved by a method and a vehicle electrical system according to the independent claims. Suitable developments emerge from the dependent claims.

本発明の態様は、車両の車載電気システムの少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量を監視するための方法に関する。車載電気システムの少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量の現在の静電容量値および現在の車載システム電圧が確認され、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量における現在の貯蔵エネルギーが、車載電気システムの現在の車載システム電圧および車載電気システムの少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量の現在の静電容量値に応じて決定される。少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量における現在の貯蔵エネルギーが、所定の制限値と比較され、所定の制限値を超えた場合、対応する制御信号が生成される。特に、提案された方法によって、車両の高電圧システムにおいて電圧安全性の特に高い信頼性を達成することができる。特に、提案された方法は、８００ボルトの電圧レベルを用いる電動車両において少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量を監視するために使用することができる。特に、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量の監視は、簡単な手段を用いて実現することができ、例えば、電動車両の既存の絶縁監視装置を用いて機能を拡張することができる。例えば、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量における貯蔵エネルギーの決定は、車載電気システムまたは車載電気システムの制御ユニットに組み込まれたソフトウェア機能を使用して、安価に、かつ簡単に実現することができる。 Aspects of the invention relate to a method for monitoring at least one Y-capacitance of an on-board electrical system of a vehicle. A current capacitance value of at least one Y capacitance of the vehicle electrical system and a current vehicle system voltage are ascertained, and a current stored energy in the at least one Y capacitance is determined by a current vehicle system voltage of the vehicle electrical system It is determined according to the voltage and the current capacitance value of at least one Y capacitance of the vehicle electrical system. The current stored energy in at least one Y-capacitance is compared with a predetermined limit value, and if the predetermined limit value is exceeded, a corresponding control signal is generated. In particular, the proposed method makes it possible to achieve a particularly high voltage safety reliability in high-voltage systems of vehicles. In particular, the proposed method can be used to monitor at least one Y-capacitance in electric vehicles using voltage levels of 800 volts. In particular, the monitoring of the at least one Y-capacitance can be realized using simple means, e.g. the existing insulation monitoring equipment of the electric vehicle can be used to extend the functionality. For example, the determination of the stored energy in at least one Y-capacitance can be realized cheaply and easily using software functions built into the vehicle electrical system or the control unit of the vehicle electrical system.

特に車両の使用者を危険にさらすことを回避するために、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量による現在の貯蔵エネルギーについて所定の限界値は、以下の例示的な規格、ＩＳＯ ６４６９－３、ＳＡＥ Ｊ１７７２またはＩＳＯ １７４０９に基づいて予め決められる。例えば、使用者を危険にさらすことを回避するために、ＨＶ電位当たりの最大エネルギー容量を２００ｍＪに設定することができる。これにより、使用者を感電から保護することができる。 In particular to avoid endangering vehicle users, predetermined limit values for the current stored energy by at least one Y-capacitance are specified in the following exemplary standards, ISO 6469-3, SAE J1772 or Predetermined based on ISO 17409. For example, the maximum energy capacity per HV potential can be set at 200 mJ to avoid endangering the user. This can protect the user from electric shock.

車両の車載電気システムのＹ静電容量は、例えば、干渉抑制コンデンサ、無線干渉抑制コンデンサ、または安全コンデンサであり得る。これらのコンデンサは、電気機器もしくは電子機器の動作によって引き起こされた高周波干渉信号をアースもしくは中性線に伝導するか、またはそれらを短絡させて、それにより電磁干渉の低減をもたらす。 The Y-capacitance of the vehicle's on-board electrical system can be, for example, an interference suppression capacitor, a radio interference suppression capacitor, or a safety capacitor. These capacitors conduct high frequency interference signals caused by the operation of electrical or electronic equipment to ground or neutral or short circuit them, thereby providing a reduction in electromagnetic interference.

車載電気システムは、特に、電動車両またはハイブリッド車両の高電圧システムである。例えば、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量の現在の静電容量値は、評価ユニットを用いて決定することができ、車載電気システムの現在の車載システム電圧は、電圧測定を用いて決定することができる。評価ユニットを用いて、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量における現在の貯蔵エネルギーは、車載電気システムの確認された現在の車載システム電圧および車載電気システムの少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量の現在の静電容量値に応じて決定することができる。特に、現在の貯蔵エネルギーは、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量の最大エネルギー容量である。例えば、現在の車載システム電圧は、現在のＨＶ中間回路電圧であり得る。例えば、評価ユニットおよび電圧測定ユニットは、ＨＶ制御装置に統合することができ、それにより、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量を監視するためのコンパクトなユニットを提供することができる。例えば、ＨＶ制御装置は、絶縁監視装置であり得る、または電圧検出ユニットを備えたＨＶコンポーネントであり得る。 On-board electrical systems are in particular high-voltage systems of electric or hybrid vehicles. For example, the current capacitance value of the at least one Y capacitance can be determined using the evaluation unit and the current vehicle system voltage of the vehicle electrical system can be determined using voltage measurements. . With the evaluation unit the current stored energy in at least one Y capacitance is determined by the confirmed current vehicle system voltage of the vehicle electrical system and the current capacitance of the at least one Y capacitance of the vehicle electrical system. It can be determined according to the value. In particular, the current stored energy is the maximum energy capacity of at least one Y capacitance. For example, the current vehicle system voltage may be the current HV intermediate circuit voltage. For example, the evaluation unit and the voltage measurement unit can be integrated into the HV controller, thereby providing a compact unit for monitoring at least one Y-capacitance. For example, the HV controller can be an insulation monitor or an HV component with a voltage detection unit.

例えば、対応する制御信号は、所定の制限値が少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量における現在の貯蔵エネルギーを超えたときに、ＨＶ制御装置によって生成され、車両の車載システムの安全コンポーネントに送信することができる。 For example, a corresponding control signal may be generated by the HV controller and sent to a safety component of the vehicle's on-board system when a predetermined limit exceeds the current stored energy in at least one Y capacitance. can.

特に、所定の制限値を超えた場合、警告信号を車両の使用者に出力することができる、および／または車載電気システムを停止することができる、および／または少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量を放電することができる。これにより、例えば、絶縁体に不具合が生じた場合、車両の使用者を最適に保護することができる。 In particular, if a predetermined limit is exceeded, a warning signal can be output to the user of the vehicle and/or the on-board electrical system can be stopped and/or the at least one Y capacitance can be discharged. can do. This provides optimal protection for the vehicle user, for example, in the event of a failure of the insulation.

本発明の更なる態様は、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量を有する車両の車載電気システムに関する。車載電気システムは、車載電気システムの少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量の現在の静電容量値および現在の車載システム電圧を確認するための制御ユニットを含む。同様に、車載電気システムは、車載電気システムの少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量における現在の貯蔵エネルギーを、車載電気システムの少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量の現在の静電容量値および現在の車載システム電圧に応じて決定するための評価ユニットを含む。特に、車載電気システムにより、上記で詳述した態様またはその実施形態に記載の方法を実施することができる。特に、本方法は、提案された車載電気システムにより実施される。 A further aspect of the invention relates to an onboard electrical system of a vehicle having at least one Y capacitance. The vehicle electrical system includes a control unit for ascertaining a current capacitance value of at least one Y capacitance of the vehicle electrical system and a current vehicle system voltage. Similarly, the onboard electrical system calculates the current stored energy in at least one Y capacitance of the onboard electrical system from the current capacitance value of at least one Y capacitance of the onboard electrical system and the current onboard system voltage. including an evaluation unit for determining according to In particular, the vehicle electrical system may implement the methods described in the aspects detailed above or embodiments thereof. In particular, the method is implemented by the proposed vehicle electrical system.

本発明の更なる利点、特徴、および詳細は、好ましい実施形態の以下の説明および（複数の）図面の参照によって明らかになる。先の説明において言及した特徴および特徴の組み合わせ、並びに以下の図面の説明で挙げる、および／または単一の図に単独で示す特徴および特徴の組み合わせは、それぞれ記載されている組み合わせのみならず、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく、他の組み合わせまたは単独でも使用可能である。 Further advantages, features and details of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the following description of preferred embodiments and the drawing(s). Features and combinations of features referred to in the preceding description, as well as features and combinations of features listed in the following description of the drawings and/or shown alone in a single figure, are not only the combinations individually described, but also the present invention. Other combinations or alone may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.

単一図面は、車載電気システムの概略図である。The single drawing is a schematic diagram of an on-board electrical system.

この図は、車両の車載電気システム１の概略図を示す。車載電気システム１は、例えば、電動車両のＨＶシステムである。車載電気システム１は、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２を有する。特に、車載電気システム１は、更なるＹ静電容量３を有することができる。Ｙ静電容量２、３は、例えば、干渉抑制コンデンサであり得る。車載電気システムは、車載電気システム１の少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２の現在の静電容量値および現在の車載システム電圧ＵＢを確認するための制御ユニット４を含む。制御ユニット４は、特に、例えば、電圧検出ユニットを有するＨＶ制御装置であり得る。同様に、制御装置４は、車両の絶縁監視装置またはＨＶコンポーネントであってもよい。例えば、絶縁監視装置は、車両の車載電気システム１の少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２を監視することができる機能または機能ソフトウェアを備えた制御ユニット４として統合することができる。制御ユニット４は、特に、評価ユニット５を有するか、または評価ユニット５と統合されている。評価ユニット５を用いて、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２における現在の貯蔵エネルギーは、車載電気システム１の現在の車載システム電圧ＵＢおよび車載電気システム１の少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２の現在の静電容量値に応じて決定することができる。 This figure shows a schematic diagram of an on-board electrical system 1 of a vehicle. The vehicle-mounted electrical system 1 is, for example, an HV system of an electric vehicle. The vehicle electrical system 1 has at least one Y capacitance 2 . In particular, the on-board electrical system 1 can have a further Y-capacitance 3 . The Y capacitances 2, 3 can be interference suppression capacitors, for example. The onboard electrical system comprises a control unit 4 for ascertaining the current capacitance value of at least one Y capacitance 2 of the onboard electrical system 1 and the current onboard system voltage UB . The control unit 4 can in particular be, for example, an HV control device with a voltage detection unit. Similarly, controller 4 may be a vehicle insulation monitor or HV component. For example, the insulation monitoring device can be integrated as a control unit 4 with a function or function software capable of monitoring at least one Y-capacitance 2 of the vehicle's on-board electrical system 1 . Control unit 4 has, in particular, evaluation unit 5 or is integrated with evaluation unit 5 . With the aid of the evaluation unit 5 the current stored energy in the at least one Y-capacitance 2 is determined by the current on-board system voltage UB of the on-board electrical system 1 and the current of the at least one Y-capacitance 2 of the on-board electrical system 1 can be determined according to the capacitance value of

例えば、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２における現在の貯蔵エネルギーは、以下の式を使用して計算することができる。 For example, the current stored energy in at least one Y capacitance 2 can be calculated using the following equation:

Figure 0007330374000001
Figure 0007330374000001

例えば、現在の車載システム電圧ＵＢおよびＹ静電容量２、３の現在の静電容量値を直前に示した式に代入して、現在のエネルギー容量を計算することができる。Ｙ静電容量２のエネルギー容量では、車両のＨＶ電圧が増加すると、Ｙ静電容量２、３のエネルギー容量は、電圧の二乗に比例して増加することを考慮に入れる必要がある。これは、特に、制御ユニット４の評価ユニット５において定義することができる。 For example, the present energy capacity can be calculated by substituting the present vehicle system voltage UB and the present capacitance values of the Y capacitances 2, 3 into the immediately preceding equation. The energy capacity of Y-capacitor 2 must take into account that as the HV voltage of the vehicle increases, the energy capacity of Y-capacitors 2, 3 increases in proportion to the square of the voltage. This can be defined in particular in the evaluation unit 5 of the control unit 4 .

特に、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２における現在の貯蔵エネルギーは、所定の制限値と比較することができる。これは、特に、制御ユニット４の評価ユニット５を用いて行うことができる。特に、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２における現在の貯蔵エネルギーによる所定の制限値の監視では、対応する制御信号は、制御ユニット４によって生成される。生成された制御信号は、例えば、車両の安全装置に送信することができる。例えば、生成された制御信号を用いて、警告信号を車両内で出力することができる。これにより、車両の使用者は、特に感電の可能性について警告を受けることができる。同様に、生成された制御信号を用いて、車載電気システム１は、停止することができるか、または電池から切断することができる。同様に、生成されて送信された制御信号を用いて、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２、３の放電プロセスを実行することができる。 In particular, the current stored energy in at least one Y-capacitance 2 can be compared with a predetermined limit value. This can be done in particular using the evaluation unit 5 of the control unit 4 . In particular, in monitoring a predetermined limit value with the current stored energy in at least one Y-capacitance 2 , a corresponding control signal is generated by the control unit 4 . The generated control signal can, for example, be sent to a vehicle safety device. For example, the generated control signal can be used to output a warning signal within the vehicle. This allows the user of the vehicle to be warned, inter alia, of the possibility of electric shock. Similarly, using the generated control signal, the vehicle electrical system 1 can be stopped or disconnected from the battery. Similarly, the generated and transmitted control signal can be used to carry out the discharge process of at least one Y capacitance 2,3.

例えば、車載電気システム１の第１の電位配線６または第２の電位配線７と、基準電位８との間の第１の電圧を確認することができる。確認された第１の電圧は、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２における現在の貯蔵エネルギーを決定する際に考慮に入れることができる。特に、第１の電圧の確認は、制御ユニット４を用いて実行することができる。 For example, a first voltage between the first potential line 6 or the second potential line 7 of the vehicle electrical system 1 and the reference potential 8 can be ascertained. The first voltage ascertained can be taken into account in determining the current stored energy in the at least one Y capacitance 2 . In particular, the verification of the first voltage can be performed using the control unit 4 .

例えば、第１の電位配線６と基準電位８との間の第２の電圧、および車載電気システム１の第２の電位配線７と基準電位８との間の第３の電圧を確認することができる。基準電位８は、特に、保護導体（ＰＥ）である。これらの確認された第２の電圧および第３の電圧は、同様に、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２の現在の貯蔵エネルギーを決定する際に考慮に入れることができる。同様に、車載システム電圧ＵＢの代わりに、第１の電圧、第２の電圧、または第３の電圧は、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２の現在の貯蔵エネルギーを決定するために使用されることも考えられる。 For example, a second voltage between the first potential line 6 and the reference potential 8 and a third voltage between the second potential line 7 of the vehicle electrical system 1 and the reference potential 8 can be ascertained. can. Reference potential 8 is in particular a protective conductor (PE). These ascertained second and third voltages can likewise be taken into account in determining the current stored energy of the at least one Y capacitance 2 . Similarly, instead of the onboard system voltage UB , the first voltage, the second voltage or the third voltage is used to determine the current stored energy of the at least one Y capacitance 2 It is also possible.

例えば、直流電圧充電ポストにおける車両の充電プロセスでは、現在の静電容量値に対して所定の値を指定することができる。例えば、この場合、電位当たり５００ｎＦを設定することができる。 For example, a vehicle charging process at a DC voltage charging post may specify a predetermined value for the current capacitance value. For example, 500 nF per potential can be set in this case.

特に、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量２の確認された現在の貯蔵エネルギーにより、車載電気システム２の電位分布における非対称性または非平衡を検査することができる。特に、電位分布における非対称性または非平衡を検出する際、これを考慮することができ、少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量を監視する際に、一緒に考慮に入れることができる。 In particular, the ascertained current stored energy of at least one Y-capacitance 2 makes it possible to check for asymmetries or imbalances in the potential distribution of the vehicle electrical system 2 . In particular, this can be taken into account when detecting asymmetries or imbalances in the potential distribution and can be taken into account together when monitoring the at least one Y-capacitance.

１ 車載システム
２ Ｙ静電容量
３ Ｙ静電容量
４ 制御ユニット
５ 評価ユニット
６ 第１の電位配線
７ 第２の電位配線
８ 基準電位
ＵＢ 車載システム電圧


1 Onboard system 2 Y capacitance 3 Y capacitance 4 Control unit 5 Evaluation unit 6 First potential wire 7 Second potential wire 8 Reference potential U B Onboard system voltage

Claims (5)

車両の車載電気システム（１）の少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）を監視するための方法であって、
前記車載電気システム（１）の前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）の現在の静電容量値および前記車載電気システム（１）の第１の電位配線（６）と第２の電位配線（７）との間の現在の車載システム電圧（ＵＢ）が確認され、
前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）における現在の貯蔵エネルギーが、前記車載電気システム（１）の前記現在の車載システム電圧（ＵＢ）および前記車載電気システム（１）の前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）の前記現在の静電容量値に応じて決定され、
前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）における前記現在の貯蔵エネルギーが、所定の制限値と比較され、
前記所定の制限値を超えた場合、対応する制御信号が生成されることを特徴とする、方法。 A method for monitoring at least one Y capacitance (2, 3) of an on-board electrical system (1) of a vehicle, comprising:
a current capacitance value of said at least one Y capacitance (2, 3) of said vehicle electrical system (1) and a first potential wiring (6) and a second potential of said vehicle electrical system (1); the current vehicle system voltage (U B ) to wire (7) is ascertained;
The current stored energy in said at least one Y capacitance (2,3) is equal to said current vehicle system voltage (U B ) of said vehicle electrical system (1) and said at least one of said vehicle electrical system (1). determined according to the current capacitance values of the two Y capacitances (2, 3);
the current stored energy in the at least one Y capacitance (2,3) is compared to a predetermined limit;
A method, characterized in that if said predetermined limit is exceeded, a corresponding control signal is generated. 前記車載電気システム（１）の前記第１の電位配線（６）または前記第２の電位配線（７）と、基準電位（８）との間の第１の電圧が確認され、前記確認された第１の電圧が、前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）における前記現在の貯蔵エネルギーを決定する際に考慮されることを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の方法。 A first voltage between the first potential line (6) or the second potential line (7) of the vehicle electrical system (1) and a reference potential (8) is ascertained, the ascertained Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a first voltage is taken into account in determining the present stored energy in the at least one Y-capacitance (2, 3). 前記第１の電位配線（６）と基準電位（８）との間の第２の電圧、および前記車載電気システム（１）の前記第２の電位配線（７）と前記基準電位（８）との間の第３の電圧が確認され、前記確認された第２の電圧および前記確認された第３の電圧が、前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）の前記現在の貯蔵エネルギーを決定する際に考慮されることを特徴とする、請求項１または２に記載の方法。 a second voltage between said first potential line (6) and a reference potential (8) and said second potential line (7) and said reference potential (8) of said vehicle electrical system (1) and wherein said verified second voltage and said verified third voltage are equal to said current stored energy of said at least one Y capacitance (2, 3) 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is taken into account in determining the . 前記車載電気システム（１）の電位分布の非対称性が、前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）の前記確認された現在の貯蔵エネルギーにより検査されることを特徴とする、請求項１～３のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 Claim 1, characterized in that the asymmetry of the potential distribution of the vehicle electrical system (1) is checked with the determined current stored energy of the at least one Y-capacitance (2, 3). 4. The method according to any one of 1 to 3. 少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）を有する車両の車載電気システム（１）であって、
前記車載電気システム（１）の前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）の現在の静電容量値および前記車載電気システム（１）の第１の電位配線（６）と第２の電位配線（７）との間の現在の車載システム電圧（ＵＢ）を確認するための制御ユニット（４）と、
前記車載電気システム（１）の前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）における現在の貯蔵エネルギーを、前記車載電気システム（１）の前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）の前記現在の静電容量値および前記現在の車載システム電圧（ＵＢ）に応じて決定するための評価ユニット（５）と、
により特徴付けられるものであり、
前記少なくとも１つのＹ静電容量（２、３）における前記現在の貯蔵エネルギーが、所定の制限値と比較され、
前記所定の制限値を超えた場合、対応する制御信号が生成される、車載電気システム（１）。
An onboard electrical system (1) of a vehicle having at least one Y capacitance (2,3), comprising:
a current capacitance value of said at least one Y capacitance (2, 3) of said vehicle electrical system (1) and a first potential wiring (6) and a second potential of said vehicle electrical system (1); a control unit (4) for ascertaining the current vehicle system voltage (U B ) between the wiring (7) ;
current stored energy in said at least one Y-capacitance (2,3) of said on-board electrical system (1) of said at least one Y-capacitance (2,3) of said on-board electrical system (1) an evaluation unit (5) for determining as a function of said current capacitance value and said current vehicle system voltage (U B );
characterized by
the current stored energy in the at least one Y capacitance (2,3) is compared to a predetermined limit;
A vehicle electrical system (1) , wherein a corresponding control signal is generated when said predetermined limit is exceeded .
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