JP7330023B2 - Tunnel construction monitoring system and tunnel construction monitoring method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a tunnel construction monitoring system and a tunnel construction monitoring method for monitoring collapse of a face during tunnel construction.

NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) is known as a method of excavating a tunnel in a mountainous area. According to the NATM construction method, it is possible to predict the geological features ahead to some extent in combination with advanced boring and other investigations. In the construction of a mountain tunnel by the NATM construction method, the ground (face surface) of the excavated area is almost exposed from immediately after blasting or mechanical excavation to secondary concrete spraying.

Regarding face displacement measurement, there is a tunnel collapse prediction method that uses a laser displacement measuring device to measure three-dimensional displacement of the tunnel face and outputs an alarm when a predetermined displacement is detected on the face. (See Patent Document 1, for example).

JP-A-09-287948

When measuring the three-dimensional displacement of the face of a tunnel using a laser displacement measuring device, it is sometimes impossible to measure the entire face due to the excavation equipment, so multiple laser displacement measuring devices are used to measure the face. need to be done. In addition, the laser displacement measuring device needs to be moved to the face side and re-installed when the excavation of the tunnel progresses, which complicates the measurement. In addition, the laser displacement measuring device requires means for protecting it from being directly hit by rock fragments scattered by blasting during excavation of a tunnel or crushed stones bounced back by spraying. In addition, since the laser displacement measuring device is installed near the bottom of the side wall, there is a possibility of damage due to contact with construction machinery and transportation machinery used for tunnel construction when moving. be.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel construction monitoring system and a tunnel construction monitoring method that can facilitate measurement and monitoring of a tunnel face while protecting equipment.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides a tunnel construction monitoring system for monitoring the face of a tunnel, comprising: a rail section provided along the axial direction of the tunnel in the upper part of the tunnel; and a radar section supported by the support section for measuring the displacement of the face surface.

According to the present invention, even if the excavation of the tunnel progresses and the face moves, the radar part can travel on the rail part and move toward the face, so that the process of reinstalling the radar part can be simplified. . In addition, according to the present invention, since the radar unit is installed on the rail portion at the top of the tunnel, it is possible to measure the entire face surface without being disturbed by the excavation equipment, and the blasting during excavation of the tunnel Scattered rock fragments and the like are prevented from hitting the radar section directly, and construction machinery and the like are prevented from coming into contact with the radar section.

Further, in the present invention, the support section may be configured to have at least one or more wheels that run on the rail section.

According to the present invention, since the support portion can move on the rail portion with wheels, the radar portion can be easily moved as the tunnel is excavated.

Further, the present invention may be configured to further include a fixing portion that magnetically attracts and fixes the support portion to the rail portion.

According to the present invention, since the supporting portion is fixed to the rail portion by magnetic attraction of the fixing portion, the fixing and releasing of the radar portion is facilitated, and the process of moving the radar portion can be simplified.

Further, according to the present invention, the rail portion includes a plurality of rail members installed between the shorings adjacent in the axial direction of the tunnel above the plurality of shorings supporting the tunnel in the circumferential direction. , the rail member may be configured to be added to the face side according to the extension of the shoring.

According to the present invention, when the shoring is added along with the excavation of the tunnel, the rail member is added, so that the step of redoing the installation of the radar section can be simplified.

The present invention also provides a tunnel construction monitoring method for monitoring the face of a tunnel, comprising the steps of: attaching a rail portion along the axial direction of the tunnel at the top of the tunnel; A step of attaching a support portion to the rail portion; a step of fixing a radar portion for measuring three-dimensional displacement of the face surface supported by the support portion to the rail portion; and a step of displacing the face surface by the radar portion. a step of extending the rail portion to the face side moved along with excavation of the tunnel; and a step of moving the radar portion along the rail portion to the face side. may be configured to include

According to the present invention, since the radar section is installed on the rail section in the upper part of the tunnel, it is possible to measure the entire face surface without being disturbed by the excavating equipment, and to excavate the tunnel. Rock fragments and the like scattered by time blasting are prevented from hitting the radar section directly, and construction machinery and the like are prevented from coming into contact with the radar section. Further, according to the present invention, even if the excavation of the tunnel progresses and the face moves, the radar can travel on the rail and move toward the face, simplifying the process of reinstalling the radar. can be done.

The present invention facilitates measurement and monitoring of the tunnel face while protecting the equipment.

1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a tunnel construction monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of a tunnel construction monitoring system. It is a figure which shows the attachment method of a rail part. It is a figure which shows the prior art which concerns on a comparative example. It is a figure which shows the prior art which concerns on a comparative example. It is a figure which shows the prior art which concerns on a comparative example.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of a tunnel construction monitoring system and a tunnel construction monitoring method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the tunnel construction monitoring system 1 includes a rail section R installed in the upper part (crown end) of the inner space of a tunnel T, and a radar section 2 installed in the rail section R. Prepare. The radar unit 2 is a radar that measures the face P of the tunnel T three-dimensionally. The radar section 2 is attached so as to be able to travel on the rail section R. As shown in FIG.

The tunnel T is provided with a plurality of shorings 30 along the circumferential direction of the wall surface. The shoring 30 is a reinforcing member that reinforces the wall surface of the tunnel T. As shown in FIG. The shoring 30 is formed in an arch shape when viewed from the direction of the axis L (excavation) of the tunnel T using H-shaped steel, for example. A plurality of shorings 30 are added as the excavation of the tunnel T progresses, and are constructed in the tunnel T like ribs. A plurality of shorings 30 are attached to the excavated surface of the tunnel T and then covered with shotcrete C. As shown in FIG.

The flange portions 31 of the plurality of shorings 30 are exposed on the shotcrete C surface of the tunnel T. As shown in FIG. A rail portion R is provided so as to extend along the direction of the axis L of the tunnel T between adjacent shorings 30 at the top of the arches of the plurality of flange portions 31 of the exposed shorings 30 . The rail portion R does not necessarily have to be installed on the upper part of the inner side of the shoring 30, and is offset from the upper part of the inner side of the shoring 30 in the left-right direction as viewed from the direction of the axis L according to the site conditions. position.

The rail portion R is formed by connecting a plurality of rail members R1. The rail member R1 is made of H-shaped steel. The rail member R1 is installed so as to bridge between adjacent shorings 30 aligned in the axis L direction. A standardized material other than H steel may be used for the rail member R1 as long as it functions as a rail.

A magnet G is provided between the shoring 30 and the rail member R1. The magnet G magnetically attracts the flange portion 31 of the shoring 30 and the flange portion R2 of the rail member R1 to fix the rail member R1 to the shoring 30 . The magnet G has a release mechanism (not shown) that can be fixed or released by operating a lever or the like. The rail member R1 can be easily removed and attached to the shoring 30 by the release mechanism.

The rail member R1 is added as the excavation of the tunnel T progresses and the shoring 30 is added. The rail member R1 may be added by reusing a portion of the rail portion R that has already been measured. The radar section 2 is attached to the rail section R via the support section 10 .

The radar unit 2 is a measuring instrument having a box-shaped housing of about 30 cm width×20 cm height×25 cm depth. The radar unit 2 is a laser scanner that measures three-dimensional displacement of the face P of the tunnel T. As shown in FIG. The radar unit 2 is fixed to the upper top of the drill jumbo D (construction machine) about 15 m behind the face when the blast hole is drilled on the face. The radar unit 2 transmits information measured by wireless communication to a terminal device (not shown). The terminal device monitors changes in the shape of the face P in real time, and when a movement exceeding a predetermined amount is measured on the face P, a warning light (not shown) or the like is issued by wireless communication.

The support portion 10 supports the radar portion 2 so that it can travel relative to the rail portion R. As shown in FIG. The support portion 10 includes a traveling portion 11 that travels on the rail portion R, and a grip portion 20 that fixes the radar portion 2 to the traveling portion 11 . The traveling portion 11 is, for example, traveled, stopped, fixed to and released from the rail portion R by remote control. The radar unit 2 measures the three-dimensional displacement of the face P by remote control, for example.

The traveling portion 11 includes a plurality of wheels 12 for traveling on the flange portion R2 of the rail member R1, a pair of lateral wheels 15 traveling on the web portion R3 of the rail member R1, and a plurality of wheels 12 and a pair of lateral wheels 15. and a pedestal 18 for rotatably supporting them. At least one wheel 12 among the plurality of wheels 12 is driven by a motor M. The motor M may drive the transverse wheels 15 as well as the wheels 12 . The wheels 12 enable the traveling portion 11 to move in the longitudinal direction along the axis L direction. The lateral wheels 15 are installed for direction maintenance to ensure straightness.

The pedestal 18 includes a pair of horizontal frames 18A that rotatably support the wheels 12, and an intermediate pedestal 18B that connects the pair of horizontal frames 18A. A pair of horizontal frames 18A and intermediate frame 18B are connected by a connecting member 18C.

The horizontal frame 18A is formed in a rectangular plate-like body. The horizontal frame 18A is arranged with its longitudinal direction along the axial direction S of the rail member R1. The lateral frame 18A is arranged with its short side upright in the vertical direction. A rod-shaped connecting member 18C is provided so as to hang down from the central portion of the horizontal frame 18A. An intermediate mount 18B is supported at the lower ends of the pair of connecting members 18C.

The intermediate mount 18B is formed in a rectangular plate-like body. The intermediate mount 18B is arranged below the flange portion R2. A power source B for the traveling unit 11 and the radar unit 2 is installed on the intermediate frame 18B. A fixing portion 18D for fixing the intermediate mount 18B to the flange portion R2 is provided between the intermediate mount 18B and the flange portion R2.

The fixed part 18D is provided with a magnet H and a releasing mechanism (not shown) that allows fixing or releasing by remote control. A permanent magnet is used as the magnet H, for example. Magnet H may be formed using an electromagnet. The fixed portion 18D may be a mechanical device such as a clamp mechanism that clamps the flange portion R2 other than the magnet H. The fixing part 18D is not limited to this, and other parts may be used as long as the radar part 2 can be fixed to the rail part R.

Two sets of four pairs of wheels 12 are provided on the pair of horizontal frames 18A. A pair of wheels 12 are arranged to face the web portion R3. Two sets of a pair of wheels 12 are spaced apart along the axial direction S of the rail member R1 on the flange portion R2. That is, two wheels 12 are rotatably supported by one horizontal frame 18A. Accordingly, the four wheels 12 provided on the pair of horizontal frames 18A are placed on the flange portion R2 so as to be free to travel. At least one of the four wheels 12 is driven by a motor M. In the horizontal frame 18A, between the two wheels 12, a horizontal wheel 15 having a rotation axis in the vertical direction is rotatably supported.

The transverse wheels 15 are arranged to run on the web portion R3. Accordingly, a pair of lateral wheels 15 arranged on a pair of lateral frames 18 are arranged so as to sandwich the web portion R3. As a result, the pair of wheels 12 facing each other across the web portion R3 maintains a predetermined distance from the web portion R3, so that the wheels 12 are prevented from coming into contact with the web portion R3 while the running portion 11 is running. The portion 11 can run on the rail portion R stably.

A grip portion 20 is provided to extend downward from the lower surface of the intermediate mount 18B. The grip part 20 is rotatably supported on the lower surface of the intermediate frame 18B via a support member 21. As shown in FIG. The gripping portion 20 is formed so as to grip both side surfaces of the radar portion 2 when viewed from the axis S direction. The gripping portion 20 grips the radar portion 2 so that the measurement direction in the vertical direction is rotatable.

The grip portion 20 includes a beam portion 22 rotatably supported by a support member 21 and a pair of arms 23 provided downwardly from both ends of the beam portion 22 . A lower end portion 24 of the arm portion 23 rotatably supports the side surface of the radar portion 2 . With such a configuration, the radar section 2 can be rotated in the horizontal direction by the support member 21 and in the vertical direction by the grip section 20, so that the direction with respect to the face plane P can be adjusted.

As shown in FIG. 3( a ), the rail portion R is fixed in the upper part of the tunnel T so as to span between the plurality of shorings 30 . A rail member R1 is fixed between the pair of shorings 30 . The rail member R1 is fixed to the flange portion 31 of the shoring 30 via the magnet G described above.

As shown in FIG. 3(b), as the excavation of the tunnel T progresses, a new shoring 30 is added. When the radar section 2 is moved to measure a new face plane P in accordance with the extension of the shoring 30, the rail section R is extended to the face plane P side. In the extension of the rail portion R, one rail member R1 on the portal side of the tunnel T is removed, and the removed rail member R1 is fixed to the upper part of the shoring 30 on the face P side.

With the above configuration, in the tunnel construction monitoring system 1, when concrete is sprayed onto the face P, the traveling portion 11 travels on the rail portion R and moves toward the tunnel opening away from the face P. The radar part 2 can immediately retreat further to the pit side than the concrete spraying machine (construction machine) so that the crushed stone rebounded by the spraying does not hit directly during the spraying work by traveling of the traveling part 11. - 特許庁

As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, as a comparative example, in the conventional technology using a radar unit 2 such as a laser scanner, a construction machine such as a drill jumbo D interferes with observation of reflected waves from the face surface P. Radar units 2 are arranged on both the left and right sides of the inner wall of the tunnel T because there are portions that are not covered. In the conventional technology, when the excavation of the tunnel progresses, the radar unit 2 is moved to the face plane P side and re-installed, which complicates the measurement. In addition, in the prior art, a means for protecting the radar section 2 is required so that rock fragments scattered by blasting and crushed stones rebounded by spraying do not hit the radar section 2 directly.

In addition, in the conventional technology, the radar unit 2 is installed near the bottom of the side wall. It can be damaged.

In contrast, according to the tunnel construction monitoring system 1, since the radar unit 2 is installed at the top of the tunnel T (inside the shoring 30), it is possible to emit radio waves to the left and right from above the construction machine. This eliminates the need to arrange the radar units 2 on both the left and right sides, and minimizes the portion where the reflected wave of the laser output from the radar unit 2 is not observed.

In addition, according to the tunnel construction monitoring system 1, the radar unit 2 is attached to the rail unit R installed on the upper part of the shoring 30 in the tunnel T so that it can travel freely, so that rock fragments scattered during construction of the tunnel T , it is possible to avoid direct hits of crushed stones bounced back by spraying.

As described above, according to the tunnel construction monitoring system 1, since the traveling section 11 is provided so as to be movable on the rail section R, the process for moving the radar section 2 can be simplified. Further, according to the tunnel construction monitoring system 1, since the rail portion R is fixed to the upper portion of the shoring 30 via the magnet H, it is possible to save labor and shorten the construction period with a simple configuration. In addition, according to the tunnel construction monitoring system 1, since the radar unit 2 is installed at the top end, it is possible to keep away from the working range of construction machines and transport machines used for tunnel construction. It is possible to prevent damage to the radar unit 2 due to contact with a machine or the like.

An embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the scope of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Tunnel construction monitoring system, 2... Radar part, 10... Support part, 11... Running part, 12... Wheel, 15... Horizontal wheel, 18... Horizontal frame, 18... Mounting frame, 18A... Horizontal frame, 18B... Intermediate mounting frame, 18C... Connecting member, 18D... Fixed part, 20... Grip part, 21... Supporting member, 22... Beam part, 23... Arm part, 24... Lower end part, 30... Shoring, 30 cm... Width, 31... Flange part, B Power supply C... Concrete D... Drill jumbo G, H... Magnet L, S... Axis line M... Motor P... Face surface R... Rail part R1... Rail member R2... Flange part R3... Web part, T... Tunnel

Claims (5)

A tunnel construction monitoring system for monitoring the face of a tunnel,
a rail portion provided along the axial direction of the tunnel at an upper portion of the tunnel and having a flange portion and a web portion ;
a support portion provided so as to be able to travel on the rail portion;
a radar unit that is supported by the support unit and measures displacement of the face surface ;
The support portion has a running portion that runs on the rail portion,
The running portion comprises a plurality of wheels for running on the flange portion and a pair of transverse wheels for running on the web portion,
Tunnel construction monitoring system. A tunnel construction monitoring system for monitoring the face of a tunnel,
a plurality of shorings provided along the circumferential direction of the wall surface of the tunnel;
a rail portion provided along the axial direction of the tunnel in the upper portion of the tunnel;
a support portion provided so as to be able to travel on the rail portion;
a radar unit that is supported by the support unit and measures displacement of the face surface ;
The rail portion is fixed to the shoring via a magnet ,
Tunnel construction monitoring system. It further comprises a fixing part that fixes the support part to the rail part by magnetically attracting it,
The tunnel construction monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2. The rail portion includes a plurality of rail members installed between the shorings adjacent in the axial direction of the tunnel above the plurality of shorings supporting the tunnel in the circumferential direction,
The rail member is added to the face side as the shoring is added,
The tunnel construction monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A tunnel construction monitoring method for monitoring a tunnel face, comprising:
attaching a rail portion along the axial direction of the tunnel at the top of the tunnel;
A step of attaching a support portion to the rail portion, the support portion being free to travel along the rail portion;
a step of fixing to the rail portion a radar portion that measures three-dimensional displacement of the face surface supported by the support portion;
a step of monitoring displacement of the face surface by the radar unit;
a step of extending the rail portion to the face side moved along with excavation of the tunnel;
A step of moving the radar unit along the rail unit to the face side ,
The support portion has a running portion that runs on the rail portion,
The running portion comprises a plurality of wheels for running on the flange portion of the rail portion and a pair of transverse wheels for running on the web portion of the rail portion,
Tunnel construction monitoring method.

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