JP7314717B2 - Evaluation method of water stoppage of waterproof sheet - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the waterproofness of a waterproof sheet.

Non-Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for confirming water stoppage around nail holes in an underlay material used as a base for roofing. Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a method for confirming the waterproofness around nail holes of a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet used for moisture permeability, waterproofing, windproofing, etc. in exterior walls and roofs. These confirmation methods include a step of standing a PVC pipe or a transparent acrylic resin pipe or the like with an inner diameter of about 40 mm on the test body and sealing the surroundings, and after the seal is cured, pouring water into the pipe to a predetermined height and leaving it for 24 hours.

In the method of Non-Patent Document 1, water is poured into the pipe and left to stand for 24 hours. Leakage is mainly confirmed in each gap between the test piece and each member placed under the test piece. If no water leakage is observed, remove the water in the pipe, leave it still for 24 hours, and check for wet traces around the nail holes of each member under the test piece.

In the method of Non-Patent Document 2, the difference between the water level when water is added and the water level after standing still for 24 hours is obtained. If the water level after standing still for 24 hours is below a certain level, the result is not used.

ARK 04S-03:2006 "Modified Asphalt Roofing Underlay Material", published by Asphalt Roofing Industry Association JIS A 6111:2016 "Moisture-permeable waterproof sheet", published by Japanese Industrial Standards

In the method for checking the presence or absence of water leakage around the nail hole described in Non-Patent Document 1, it is difficult to visually check for slight water leakage after standing still for about 1 or 2 hours, for example. Therefore, in order to confirm slight water leakage, it is necessary to leave the test piece still for a long time of 24 hours or more. In the method of determining the difference in water level described in Non-Patent Document 2, when the test time is set to, for example, 1 or 2 hours, the error in the determined water level becomes large, so a standing time of about 24 hours is required.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for evaluating the waterproofness of a waterproof sheet, which can confirm the presence or absence of water leakage around nails in a short period of time.

(1) A method for evaluating the waterproofness of a waterproof sheet according to the present invention includes a first step of hammering staple nails into a waterproof sheet for construction from the surface side, a second step of contacting water at a first water pressure from the surface side of the waterproof sheet to which the staple nails are nailed, and a third step of checking the presence or absence of water droplets around the staple nails on the back side of the waterproof sheet in contact with the water at the first water pressure.

Since water droplets can be confirmed on the back side of the waterproof sheet contacted with water of the first water pressure, the presence or absence of water leakage around nail holes can be confirmed in a short time.

(2) Preferably, on the condition that water droplets are not confirmed on the back side of the waterproof sheet that is in contact with water at the n-th water pressure (where n represents an integer of 1 or more), the step of contacting water from the surface side of the waterproof sheet at the n+1-th water pressure that is larger than the n-th water pressure, and on the condition that water droplets are confirmed on the back side of the waterproof sheet that is in contact with the water at the n-th water pressure. and recording with the sheet.

If no water droplets are observed around the nail hole, the water pressure is increased until water droplets are observed, and the water pressure value immediately before or when water droplets are confirmed is recorded, so that the water stoppage of each waterproof sheet tested can be compared by the water pressure value immediately before or when water droplets are confirmed.

(3) Preferably, the waterproof sheet to which the staples are nailed in the first step is placed on the upper surface of a support plate having marks indicating a plurality of placement positions on the upper surface thereof with the surface side facing up, and after the staple nails are nailed to the waterproof sheet placed on the support plate, the waterproof sheet is separated from the support plate together with the staple nails.

By providing marks indicating a plurality of placement positions of the waterproof sheets on the upper surface of the support plate, when the second and subsequent waterproof sheets are stacked on the support plate, the worker can stack them at positions different from the positions where they were stacked last time. As a result, when stapling the second and subsequent sheets of the waterproof sheet, it is possible to use a place where there is no hole caused by stapling as a stapling point. When stapling a plurality of tarpaulins, each tarpaulin is supported by a support plate at the point pierced by the leg of the staple. Since the penetration state around the nail holes of each waterproof sheet with staples is constant, the evaluation result of waterproofness is stable.

(4) Preferably, the support plate includes a foam material and a flat plate laminated on the foam material to form the upper surface, and in the first step, the staple penetrates the flat plate.

Since the upper surface of the support plate is a flat plate, the staple nail can be stably driven into the waterproof sheet supported by the flat plate. Since a part of the support plate is made of a foam material, the driven staple nail can be easily removed from the support plate.

(5) Preferably, the method further includes a step of exposing the waterproof sheet to an external environment before the second step.

Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for evaluating the waterproofness of a waterproof sheet that can confirm the presence or absence of water leakage around nails in a short period of time.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a method 10 for evaluating the waterproofness of a waterproof sheet 20 according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which staple nails 22 are nailed to the waterproof sheet 20 according to the embodiment. FIG. 3A is a partial sectional view showing a state in which staple nails 22 are nailed to the waterproof sheet 20 according to the embodiment, and FIG. 3B is a partial sectional view showing a state in which the waterproof sheet 20 is separated from the support plate 23 together with the staple nails 22. FIG. 4(A) is a schematic diagram of the waterproof sheet 20 according to the embodiment in contact with water at a first water pressure 31, and FIG. 4(B) is a schematic diagram showing a state in which water droplets 32 are generated from around nail holes in the waterproof sheet 20 according to the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the values of the water pressure when water droplets 32 are found around the nail holes of the waterproof sheet 20 according to the embodiment, together with the waterproof sheet 20 .

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. It should be noted that the embodiment described below is merely an example of the present invention, and it goes without saying that the embodiment of the present invention can be modified as appropriate without changing the gist of the present invention. In the following description, the vertical direction 7 is defined with reference to the state in which the waterproof sheet 20 is placed on the support plate 23 (state shown in FIG. 2).

[Waterproof sheet 20]
The waterproof sheet 20 is a so-called underlaying material (roofing) attached to the sheathing board of the roof of a house for the purpose of waterproofing. Specific examples of the waterproof sheet 20 include known asphalt roofing, modified asphalt roofing, moisture-permeable waterproof sheets for roofs, and the like. The waterproof sheet 20 is, for example, processed into a square having a size of about 150 mm square to obtain a test piece.

[Staple nails 22]
The staple nail 22 is used for attaching the waterproof sheet 20 to the sheathing board in construction of the roof of the house. In this embodiment, the staple nails 22 used in the construction of the roof of a house are prepared in order to evaluate the waterproofness of the waterproof sheet 20 in the construction state. The staple nail 22 may be of any known type. For example, the staple nail 22 is U-shaped, with a leg length of 10 mm, a width between the legs of 16 mm, and a wire width and thickness of 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm. The staple nails 22 are driven into the waterproof sheet 20 or the like by a known staple nail driving machine.

[Support plate 23]
The support plate 23 supports the waterproof sheet 20 into which the staple nails 22 are driven. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the support plate 23 has a plastic foam material 24 and a flat plate 25 laminated on the foam material 24 to form an upper surface 23A. The thickness of the support plate 23 along the vertical direction 7 is greater than the leg length of the staple nail 22 .

A foam member 24 supports a flat plate 25 . The foam material 24 may be any known material, and is made of, for example, a foamed thermoplastic resin. The foam material 24 is thicker than the flat plate 25 along the vertical direction 7 .

The flat plate 25 transmits the pressure applied to the waterproof sheet 20 to the foam member 24 . The material of the flat plate 25 is not particularly limited to metal, wood, or the like, but for example, a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin is used. The thickness of the flat plate 25 along the vertical direction 7 is thinner than the leg length of the staple nail 22 . The flat plate 25 has such bending rigidity that it does not locally bend when the staple nail 22 is driven into the waterproof sheet 20 . The leg of the staple nail 22 penetrates the flat plate 25 when it is nailed to the waterproof sheet 20 from the surface 20A side.

The flat plate 25 has, as shown in FIG. 2, squares 26 indicating a plurality of mounting positions of the waterproof sheet 20. The squares 26 are printed on the flat plate 25, for example. The dimension of each side constituting one square is longer than the distance between the legs of the staple nail 22, for example 30 mm. Note that the squares 26 are examples of marks.

[Testing machine 30]
The tester 30 is for contacting the waterproof sheet 20 with water at a controlled hydraulic pressure. As schematically shown in FIG. 4, the testing machine 30 includes a pump 30A, a water pressure sensor 30B, a control device 30C, and a gripping device 30D. The pump 30A generates a predetermined water pressure in the closed space in which water is stored in the tester 30. As shown in FIG. The water pressure sensor 30B outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the water pressure detected in the closed space of the testing machine 30. FIG. The control device 30C controls the operation of the pump 30A based on the output signal of the water pressure sensor 30B so that the closed space of the testing machine 30 has a preset water pressure. The holding device 30</b>D fixes the test piece of the waterproof sheet 20 so that the surface 20</b>A of the test piece of the waterproof sheet 20 defines a part of the closed space of the testing machine 30 . The back surface of the test piece of the waterproof sheet 20 fixed to the gripping device 30D is exposed to the outside so that water droplets can be visually confirmed. As such a tester 30, for example, WP-1000K manufactured by Daiei Kagaku Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. is used.

[External environment]
The external environment is, for example, an outdoor environment or an environment inside an artificial thermostat or the like. The waterproof sheet 20 is exposed to direct sunlight, wind, dust, rainwater, and the like in an outdoor environment. The waterproof sheet 20 is exposed to an environment adjusted to a predetermined temperature and humidity in the constant temperature chamber. The period during which the waterproof sheet 20 is exposed to the external environment is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 2 to 10 months.

[Method for evaluating water stoppage of waterproof sheet 20 according to the embodiment]
A method 10 for evaluating the waterproofness of a waterproof sheet 20 according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the evaluation method 10 includes a deterioration step S11, a nailing step S12, a fixing step S13, a water pressure resistance step S14, a confirmation step S15, a recording step S17, and a step S18 of increasing the nth water pressure to the n+1th water pressure. In this construction method, the deterioration step S11, the nailing step S12, the fixing step S13, the water pressure resistance step S14, and the confirmation step S15 are always executed in order, and as detailed below, the water pressure resistance step S14 and the confirmation step S15 may be repeated.

The deterioration step S11 is a step of exposing the waterproof sheet 20 to the external environment for a predetermined period. In this embodiment, the waterproof sheet 20 is exposed to an environment adjusted to 80 degrees for 140 days by a thermostat.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3A, the nailing step S12 is a step of nailing staple nails 22 to the waterproof sheet 20 from the surface 20A side. The waterproof sheet 20 is placed on the upper surface 23A of the support plate 23 with the surface 20A facing up. The support plate 23 is placed, for example, on a table (not shown). Note that the nailing step S12 is an example of the first step.

The waterproof sheet 20 placed on the support plate 23 is nailed with staples 22 from the surface 20A side. The two legs of the staple nail 22 driven into the tarpaulin 20 penetrate the foam 24 through the tarpaulin 20 and the flat plate 25 of the support plate 23 .

The waterproof sheet 20 with the staple nails 22 is separated from the support plate 23 together with the staple nails 22 as shown in FIG. 3(B). By removing the staple nail 22 from the support plate 23, a hole corresponding to the outer shape of the leg of the staple nail 22 remains in the support plate 23. - 特許庁

When the staple nails 22 are respectively nailed to the test pieces of the plurality of waterproof sheets 20, the test piece of one waterproof sheet 20 is placed on the upper surface 23A of the support plate 23, and each corner of the test piece is aligned with the corresponding corner of the square 26.例文帳に追加When the staple nail 22 is driven into the center of the test piece of the waterproof sheet 20 , it is driven up to the support plate 23 inside the square 26 located in the center among the squares 26 of the flat plate 25 covered with the waterproof sheet 20 . The next test piece of tarpaulin 20 is fitted to a square 26 different from the squares 26 to which the corners of a sheet of tarpaulin 20 are fitted. A staple nail 22 is driven into the center of the next tarpaulin 20 specimen.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the fixing step S13 is a step of fixing the test piece of the waterproof sheet 20 to which the staple nail 22 is attached to the gripping device 30D so that the surface 20A contacts water, that is, the surface 20A and the staple nail 22 define a part of the closed space of the tester 30.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the water pressure resistance step S14 is a step in which the tester 30 is operated to bring water into contact with the surface 20A of the waterproof sheet 20 to which the staple nails 22 are attached at the n-th water pressure. However, n represents an integer of 1 or more. The water pressure resistance step S14 is an example of the second step.

The n-th water pressure starts from the first water pressure 31, and the water pressure increases as it progresses to the second, third, fourth, and so on. The first water pressure 31 may be a predetermined water pressure set in advance, but it is desirable that the water droplets 32 do not form around the nail holes of the test pieces of all the waterproof sheets 20 . The first water pressure 31 is, for example, 6 kPa.

The confirming step S15 is a step of confirming the presence or absence of water droplets 32 around the staple nail 22 on the back surface 20B side of the waterproof sheet 20 that is in contact with the n-th water pressure. As shown in FIG. 4B, the water droplets 32 are mainly found near the legs of the staple nails 22 protruding from the back surface 20B of the waterproof sheet 20. As shown in FIG. The operator visually confirms the presence or absence of water droplets 32 . Note that the confirmation step S15 is an example of the third step.

Under the condition that the water droplets 32 are not confirmed in the confirmation step S15 (S16: No), the water pressure resistance step S14 and the confirmation step S15 are repeated until the water droplets 32 are confirmed in the confirmation step S15. At this time, if the immediately preceding water pressure is the first water pressure 31, water is brought into contact with the water from the surface 20A side of the waterproof sheet 20 at a second water pressure that is higher than the first water pressure 31 by a predetermined water pressure. That is, step S18 is executed to make the n-th water pressure higher than the n+1-th water pressure. In the confirmation step S15, the water pressure immediately after the water droplet 32 is not confirmed by the nth water pressure is represented as the (n+1)th water pressure. The difference between the n-th water pressure and the (n+1)-th water pressure may be set appropriately.

It should be noted that the increase in water pressure does not necessarily have to be increased stepwise, and may be increased continuously. For example, the water pressure may be increased by 35 kPa/min. In this case, the water pressure resistance step S14 and the confirmation step S15 are performed substantially simultaneously.

In the confirmation step S15, on condition that the water droplet 32 is confirmed (S16: Yes), as shown in FIG. The water pressure immediately before the water droplet 32 is confirmed is represented as the (n-1)th water pressure, and the water pressure when the water droplet 32 is confirmed is represented as the nth water pressure. If the water pressure is continuously increased, the water pressure at which a drop of water 32 is observed is recorded as the test result of the tarpaulin 20 .

In the test results shown in FIG. 5, three types of waterproof sheet 20 are used: high-durability modified asphalt roofing, modified asphalt roofing, and asphalt roofing 940, which are more durable than modified asphalt roofing. However, the waterproof sheet 20 is not particularly limited to these. In the example of the test shown in FIG. 5, the test results of the waterproof sheet 20 without the deterioration step S11 are also recorded as a graph.

[Action and effect of the embodiment]
In this embodiment, since water droplets can be confirmed on the back side of the waterproof sheet 20 with which the water of the first water pressure 31 is brought into contact, the presence or absence of water leakage around the nail holes can be confirmed in a short time.

When the water droplets 32 are not confirmed around the nail hole, the water pressure is increased until the water droplets 32 are confirmed, and the value of the water pressure when the water droplets 32 are confirmed is recorded, so that the water stoppage of each tested waterproof sheet can be compared with the water pressure value immediately before the water droplets 32 are confirmed or when the water droplets 32 are confirmed.

By providing squares 26 indicating a plurality of mounting positions of the waterproof sheets 20 on the upper surface 23A of the support plate 23, when the second and subsequent waterproof sheets 20 are stacked on the support plate 23, the operator can stack the waterproof sheets 20 at a different position from the previous stacking position. As a result, the supporting plate 23 is beaten at a position different from the position of the supporting plate 23 at which the single waterproof sheet 20 was beaten. When the staple nails 22 are driven into a plurality of waterproof sheets 20, each waterproof sheet 20 is supported by the support plate 23 at the point where the leg of the staple nail 22 penetrates. Since the penetrating state around the nail hole of each waterproof sheet 20 with staple nails 22 is constant, the evaluation result of waterproofness is stable.

Since the upper surface 23A of the support plate 23 is the flat plate 25, the staple nail 22 can be stably driven into the waterproof sheet 20 supported by the flat plate 25. As shown in FIG. Since a part of the support plate 23 is made of a foamed plastic foam material 24 , the driven staple nail 22 can be easily removed from the support plate 23 .

The degree of deterioration of the waterproof sheet 20 can also be evaluated by recording the value of the water pressure when the water droplets 32 are confirmed for both the waterproof sheet 20 exposed to the external environment and the waterproof sheet 20 not exposed to the external environment.

[Modification]
Although the underlaying material is used as the waterproof sheet 20 in the above embodiment, the waterproof sheet 20 may be a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet for exterior walls instead of the underlaying material. At this time, the pressurization speed of water is set to 6 kPa/min or less.

Although the deterioration step S11 is performed before the nailing step S12 in the above embodiment, it may be performed after the nailing step S12 and before the fixing step S13. Since the deterioration step S11 is performed with the staple nails 22 nailed to the waterproof sheet 20, the waterproofness of the waterproof sheet 20 can be evaluated under conditions closer to the actual state.

The external environment does not have to be 80 degrees and may be set as appropriate when using a thermostat or the like. The external environment may be adjusted for either temperature or humidity, or may be a combination thereof, when using a thermostat or the like. Also, the period of exposure to the external environment does not have to be 140 days, and may be set as appropriate. Note that the waterproof sheet 20 to be tested does not necessarily have to be exposed to the external environment and degraded.

The water pressurization speed does not have to be 35 kPa/min, and is adjusted between 6 and 100 kPa/min, and in the case of the waterproof sheet 20, it is preferably between 20 and 50 kPa/min.

In the above-described embodiment, in the confirmation step S15, on the condition that the water droplet 32 was confirmed, the value of the water pressure of the water that was in contact with the surface 20A of the waterproof sheet 20 at that time was recorded. By recording the value of the water pressure immediately before the water droplets 32 are confirmed, the waterproofness of each waterproof sheet 20 tested can be compared with the water pressure value immediately before the water droplets 32 are confirmed.

Further, on the condition that the water droplets 32 are not confirmed in the confirmation step S15, the presence or absence of the water droplets 32 may be recorded and evaluated without repeating the water pressure resistance step S14 and the confirmation step S15 until the water droplets 32 are confirmed in the confirmation step S15.

Also, the water pressure value record does not have to be represented as a graph. For example, the row of the table describes the type of the waterproof sheet 20, the column describes the conditions of the external environment, and the water pressure value corresponding to each cell may be recorded and represented.

Although the deterioration step S11 is included in the above embodiment, the deterioration step S11 may not be included.

Also, the tester 30 may be any known one, and is not limited to WP-1000K manufactured by Daiei Kagaku Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.

Also, the first water pressure 31 is not limited to 6 kPa, and may be larger or smaller than this.

Further, the support plate 23 may not be provided with the flat plate 25 , and the upper surface of the foam material 24 may constitute the upper surface 23A of the support plate 23 . Further, the upper surface 23A of the support plate 23 may be a flat plate made of wood or paper instead of the flat plate 25. As shown in FIG.

Further, the flat plate 25 has the squares 26 as an example of marks indicating the plurality of mounting positions of the waterproof sheet 20, but it may be a plurality of points arranged vertically and horizontally at regular intervals. In addition, although the squares 26 are printed on the flat plate 25, the squares 26 are not limited to this. Also, the flat plate 25 does not necessarily have marks indicating the plurality of mounting positions of the waterproof sheet 20 .

10: Evaluation method 20: Waterproof sheet 20A: Front surface 20B: Back surface 22: Staple nail 23: Support plate 23A: Upper surface 24: Foam material 25: Flat plate 26: Square (example of mark)
31 First water pressure S12 Nailing process (an example of the first process)
S14: Water pressure resistance step (an example of the second step)
S15 ... confirmation step (an example of the third step)

Claims (6)

a first step of placing a waterproof sheet for construction on the upper surface of a support plate with the surface side facing up , driving staples from the surface side , and then removing the waterproof sheet together with the staple nails from the support plate ;
a second step of contacting water at a first water pressure from the surface side of the waterproof sheet to which the staple nail is nailed;
and a third step of checking the presence or absence of water droplets around the staple nails on the back side of the waterproof sheet that is in contact with the water of the first water pressure. A step of contacting water from the front side of the waterproof sheet at the n+1th water pressure higher than the nth water pressure on the condition that no water droplets are confirmed on the back side of the waterproof sheet that is in contact with water at the nth water pressure (where n represents an integer of 1 or more);
On the condition that water droplets are confirmed on the back side of the waterproof sheet that is in contact with the water of the n-th water pressure, the value of the n-1th water pressure or the n-th water pressure is recorded together with the waterproof sheet. 3. The method for evaluating waterproofness of a waterproof sheet according to claim 1, wherein the support plate has marks on the upper surface thereof indicating a plurality of mounting positions for mounting the waterproof sheet. The support plate has a flat plate forming the upper surface,
4. The method for evaluating the waterproofness of a waterproof sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the first step, the staple penetrates the flat plate. 5. The method for evaluating waterproofness of a waterproof sheet according to claim 4, wherein the support plate comprises a foamed material and the flat plate laminated on the foamed material. 6. The method for evaluating the waterproofness of a waterproof sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a step of exposing the waterproof sheet to an external environment prior to the second step.

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