JP7299424B2 - Hydrogen gas combustion device capable of preventing bonfire phenomenon - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a fire phenomenon. More particularly, the present invention relates to a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus that can prevent a fire phenomenon that can occur when hydrogen gas, which is a clean fuel, is burned, and safely burn hydrogen gas. The present invention relates to a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a bonfire phenomenon.

Thermal power generation is a method in which high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas generated by burning fossil fuels rotates a turbine, which is a rotating body, and the power is transmitted to an alternating current generator to obtain electricity. An engine is a device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy. Such methods of burning fuel to obtain electricity and power are applied and used in various fields. As an example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a combustion device that is supplied with combustion air from the outside and has a combustion cylinder that burns fuel supplied by a fuel supply section.

However, when burning fossil fuels, nitrogen oxides emitted in large quantities are classified as the most serious air pollutants, and after being emitted into the atmosphere, photochemical reactions condense them to produce particulate matter. As the fossil fuels used as the main fuel for thermal power generation and engines are depleted due to continuing social problems such as these, combustion equipment that can safely burn alternative fuels and alternative fuels. is a necessary fact. In order to solve this problem, hydrogen is used as an alternative fuel, but there is a problem that there is a high risk of safety-related accidents such as explosions.

Korean Patent No. 10-1080928 (2011.11.01.)

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it is possible to safely burn hydrogen gas by preventing the simmering phenomenon that may occur when hydrogen gas, which is a clean fuel, is burned. An object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a bonfire phenomenon.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is not limited to the problems described above, and other problems to be solved by the present invention, which are not mentioned here, can be found in the technical field to which the present invention belongs from the following description. Clearly understood by those of ordinary skill.

In a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a splinter phenomenon according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first flow pipe that also functions as a premixing pipe, and a a second flow tube formed; and a chamber provided at the end of the first flow tube and forming a space in which a mixture formed by mixing air and hydrogen flowing into the first flow tube is combusted. and an igniter for igniting the air-fuel mixture in the chamber, wherein the fluid passed through the second flow tube and flowed into the first flow tube ignites the inner circumference of the first flow tube. It is characterized by disturbing the flow structure of the boundary layer formed on the surface.

Also, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second flow pipe communicates perpendicularly with the inner peripheral surface of the first flow pipe.

Also, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second flow pipe communicates with the inner circumferential surface of the first flow pipe at an angle.

Also, the second flow tube according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a lip provided at an air outlet, which is an end of the second flow tube, for guiding the flow direction of the ejected air. Characterized by

In addition, the first flow tube according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a protrusion protruding from an inner peripheral surface of the first flow tube toward the center of the first flow tube. do.

The hydrogen gas combustion apparatus that can prevent the bonfire phenomenon according to the present invention by means of solving the above-described problems is a premixed combustor that is always at risk of safety-related accidents such as the bonfire phenomenon. Equipped with several devices for disturbing the wall boundary layer on the inner peripheral surface of the premixing tube where there is a hydrogen gas combustion that can minimize and prevent the bonfire phenomenon There is an effect of providing a device.

In addition, the hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing the bonfire phenomenon according to the present invention separates the combustion air from the lower end and the upper end of the premixing tube into primary mixture and secondary mixture to flow smoothly. Advantageously, the secondary air mixture can be used to break up the wall boundary layer at the top of the premixer tube to prevent splintering in the hydrogen gas combustion apparatus while maintaining combustion.

In addition, the hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing the bonfire phenomenon according to the present invention uses a protrusion projecting toward the center at the outlet of the premixing tube, in addition to the embodiment using the secondary mixed air. Embodiments that break the boundary layer to prevent bonfires have the advantage that they can be readily adapted and used in existing premixed combustion systems.

The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects described above, and effects of the present invention not mentioned here will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. would be

1(a) is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a combustion device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1(b) is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a combustion device according to an embodiment different from the first embodiment of the present invention; is. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged configuration of a combustion device according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing the configuration of a combustion device according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view showing the configuration of a combustion device according to a third embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view showing the configuration of a combustion device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; (a) and (b) are cross-sectional views showing an enlarged configuration of a combustion apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. (a) is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a combustion apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4C is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a flow tube, and (c) is an enlarged configuration of a first flow tube and a second flow tube of a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment different from the sixth embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 14D is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged configuration of a first flow pipe and a second flow pipe of a combustion apparatus according to another embodiment different from the sixth embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged configuration of a combustion device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a combustion device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention; (a) is a diagram showing the flow velocity of fluid inside a conventional tube, and (b) is a diagram showing the velocity gradient of fluid inside a first flow tube of a combustion apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. and (c) are diagrams showing velocity gradients of fluid in a first flow pipe of a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment different from the seventh embodiment of the present invention. (a) is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a combustion apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention; (b) is a first flow pipe and a second FIG. 4C is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a flow tube, and (c) is an enlarged configuration of a first flow tube and a second flow tube of a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment different from the seventh embodiment of the present invention; and (d) is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a first flow tube and a second flow tube of a combustion apparatus according to another embodiment different from the seventh embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 14E is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged configuration of a first flow pipe and a second flow pipe of a combustion apparatus according to another embodiment different from the seventh embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a first flow pipe of a combustion device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention; (a) is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a combustion apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention; (b) is a first flow pipe and a second FIG. 11C is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the flow tube, and FIG. 1C is an enlarged configuration of the first flow tube and the second flow tube of the combustion apparatus according to an embodiment different from the eighth embodiment of the present invention; It is a sectional view showing.

The terms used in this specification will be briefly explained, and the present invention will be specifically explained.

The terms used in the present invention were selected as general terms that are currently widely used as much as possible in consideration of the function in the present invention, but this may not be the intention or precedents of engineers involved in the field, new It may change due to the advent of technology. Therefore, the terms used in the present invention should be defined based on the meanings of the terms and the overall content of the present invention rather than simple term names.

Throughout the specification, when a part "includes" a component, it means that it may also include other components, rather than excluding other components, unless otherwise specified. .

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

Specific matters including problems to be solved by the present invention, means for solving the problems, and effects of the invention are included in the embodiments and drawings described later. Advantages and features of the present invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings.

1 and 2, in the hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing the bonfire phenomenon according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first flow pipe 10 through which combustion air flows; 1. A second flow pipe 20, which is a hydrogen supply pipe surrounding at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the flow pipe 10; A chamber 30 forming a space in which combustion air introduced from the first flow pipe 10 and hydrogen, which is the fuel introduced from the second flow pipe 20, are sprayed and mixed to form an air-fuel mixture and be burned. and an ignition device 40 for igniting the air-fuel mixture in the chamber 30 in such a manner that the hydrogen injected from the second flow pipe 20 surrounds the air injected from the first flow pipe 10. It has a diffusion combustion type nozzle structure for mixed combustion. At this time, the fuel that flows through the second flow pipe 20 is hydrogen in the present invention, but is not limited thereto.

First, a burner casing 90 is provided. The burner casing 90 has an empty space inside and has a cylindrical body, and the cross-sectional area of the burner casing 90 gradually decreases toward the end of the burner casing 90 . At this time, the burner casing 90 includes a plurality of hydrogen supply units 60 provided at the base of the burner casing 90 and communicated with the second flow pipe 20 to supply hydrogen to the second flow pipe 20. The plurality of hydrogen supply units 60 communicate with a fuel pipe 62 for supplying hydrogen as fuel to the base of the burner casing 90 from the outside. In addition, the ignition device 40 communicated with the chamber 30 at the center of the base of the burner casing 90 to ignite the air-fuel mixture ejected from the first flow pipe 10 and the second flow pipe 20. is provided.

Next, said chamber 30, which is the space of the combustion chamber, is provided. The chamber 30 has a shape corresponding to that of the burner casing 90 and is provided inside the burner casing 90. A nozzle case part 80, which will be described later, is provided at the base of the chamber 30. As shown in FIG. A space is formed in the chamber 30 in which combustion air introduced from the first flow pipe 10 and hydrogen fuel introduced from the second flow pipe 20 are mixed. Also, an air supply part 50 is installed between the chamber 30 and the burner casing 90 to flow external air to the first flow pipe 10 . That is, the air supply part 50 functions as a passage through which the external air flows to the first flow tube 10 . At this time, the air supply unit 50 may be provided with a fan (not shown) or a compressor (not shown) for flowing the external air.

Next, a nozzle case portion 80 is provided. The nozzle case part 80 is provided inside the burner casing 90 and has a cylindrical shape to fix the first flow pipe 10 and the second flow pipe 20 . Here, the chamber 30 is formed to extend from the periphery of the nozzle case part 80, and the nozzle case part 80 is spaced apart from the burner casing 90 by a predetermined distance.

One end of the nozzle case part 80 is open so that the external air that flows into the burner casing 90 through the air supply part 50 flows into the first flow pipe 10 . and a nozzle upper case 82 provided above the nozzle lower case 81 and separated from the nozzle lower case 81 by a predetermined distance. include. At this time, a step is formed at the end of the nozzle lower case 81 in the direction toward the nozzle upper case 82 . That is, the upper surface of the nozzle lower case 81 is formed with the step along the periphery of the upper surface of the nozzle lower case 81 so as to protrude upwardly of the nozzle lower case 81 . Further, the step is fixed to the lower surface of the nozzle upper case 82, so that an empty space is provided between the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82. As shown in FIG.

Here, the hydrogen supply part 60 includes a plurality of hydrogen supply pipes 61 installed to flow hydrogen, and the plurality of hydrogen supply pipes 61 are connected to the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82 . The space between the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82 is communicated with the space between the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82 to allow hydrogen to flow. Also, the second flow pipe 20 is formed through the nozzle upper case 82 and communicates with the space between the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82 . That is, the hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen supply unit 60 flows through the hydrogen supply pipe 61 into the space between the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82, and then flows through the second flow pipe 20. It passes through and is supplied to the chamber 30 . At this time, the plurality of hydrogen supply pipes 61 are radially arranged with the center of the hydrogen supply part 60 as a reference, and the hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen supply part 60 is evenly distributed to the nozzle lower case 81 . and the nozzle upper case 82.

In addition, a filter (not shown) may be provided inside the nozzle lower case 81 to remove foreign matter in the external air supplied from the outside. In addition, a perforated plate 70 may be provided inside the nozzle lower case 81 to keep the amount of air supplied to the chamber 30 constant. That is, the perforated plate 70 plays a role of inducing a rectification effect so that a certain amount of air is uniformly and continuously supplied to the chamber 30, and takes pressure drop into consideration. It may be optimized as such, it may be replaced with honeycombs, perforated plates of various shapes, and the like.

In addition, referring to (b) of FIG. 1 , the nozzle case part 80 may include a plurality of through holes 83 formed through the nozzle case part 80 . Therefore, the combustion air is more uniformly supplied to the chamber 30, which is advantageous in that the amount of combustion air supplied to the chamber 30 can be increased for the same period of time. That is, the plurality of through holes 83 may be selectively provided to adjust the amount of combustion air supplied to the chamber 30 according to the amount of air required for combustion.

Next, the first flow pipe 10 is provided through the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82 so that the outside air is supplied to the chamber 30 . Further, the second flow pipe 20 is provided through the nozzle upper case 82, and the hydrogen supplied between the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82 flows through the second flow pipe 20 to the to be supplied to the chamber 30; Also, the first flow tube 10 and the second flow tube 20 are formed in a cylindrical shape. That is, the first flow tube 10 and the second flow tube 20 are formed to have concentric cross sections having the same center. Here, the second flow tube 20 is formed to have a larger diameter than the first flow tube 10 and surrounds the outer circumference of the first flow tube 10 . Therefore, due to the high momentum of the combustion air ejected from the first flow tube 10 at a high speed, the hydrogen fuel ejected from the second flow tube 20 moves through the combustion air jet of the first flow tube 10. Since the fuel is introduced in a form that surrounds the fuel and is rapidly mixed with the combustion air, the fuel is burned in a manner capable of inducing premixing performance, unlike general diffusion combustion. As a result, the hydrogen injected from the second flow pipe 20 is radially arranged around the combustion air injected from the first flow pipe 10 provided in the center, and the hydrogen fuel is injected. quickly flows into the combustion air side and mixes to form a partial premixture, so that when the mixture is ignited by the ignition device 40, it is a diffusion combustion structure However, by inducing premixing performance, there is an advantage that the combustion rate of hydrogen, which is the fuel, can be improved. In other words, although it is a diffusion combustion type jet (Jet) structure, the premixing performance is improved by forming a partial premixed gas, and the hydrogen, which is the fuel injected from the second flow pipe 20, is induced to completely combust. By doing so, it is possible to prevent a safety-related accident such as an explosion due to residual hydrogen remaining in the chamber 30 from occurring. Also, there is an advantage that the time and cost required to manufacture the first flow tube 10 and the second flow tube 20 can be minimized.

Hereinafter, a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a bonfire phenomenon according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the second flow pipe 220 for discharging hydrogen for combustion is formed to have a polygonal cross section. In this embodiment, the description of the above-described first embodiment is used for the configuration overlapping with that of the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 3, the second flow tube 220 is formed with a polygonal cross section. Also, the first flow tube 210 is formed to have a circular cross section, and at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the first flow tube 210 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the second flow tube 220 . For example, the second flow tube 220 is formed with a triangular cross section, and the first flow tube 210 is inserted into the second flow tube 220 . That is, the first flow tube 210 is inscribed in the second flow tube 220 based on the cross section. Therefore, the hydrogen in the space between the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82 is supplied to the chamber 30 through the second flow pipe 220 . In other words, the channel of the second flow tube 220 has a triangular cross-section and is divided into three by the first flow tube 210 . As a result, the hydrogen fuel injected from the second flow pipe 220 is mixed in a manner surrounding the combustion air injected from the first flow pipe 210 . The hydrogen ejected from the chamber 30 is divided into three parts, which is advantageous in that the ratio of air and hydrogen supplied to the chamber 30 can be kept constant. In addition, there is an advantage that the first flow tube 210 is fixed inside the second flow tube 220 and is supported more firmly. That is, since the outer peripheral surface of the first flow tube 210 is fixed or supported by the second flow tube 220, structural stability can be improved.

Hereinafter, a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a bonfire phenomenon according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that the second flow pipe 320 for discharging hydrogen for combustion is formed to have a square cross section. In this embodiment, the description of the second embodiment is used for the configuration that overlaps with the second embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 4, the second flow tube 320 is formed to have a square cross section. That is, the second flow tube 320 is formed to have a square cross section, and the first flow tube 310 is inserted into the second flow tube 320 . That is, the first flow tube 310 is inscribed in the second flow tube 320 based on the cross section. Therefore, the hydrogen in the space between the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82 is supplied to the chamber 30 through the second flow pipe 320 . In other words, the channel of the second flow tube 320 has a square cross section and is divided into four by the first flow tube 310 . As a result, the hydrogen fuel injected from the second flow pipe 320 is mixed in a manner surrounding the combustion air injected from the first flow pipe 310 . The hydrogen ejected from the chamber 30 is divided into four parts, which is advantageous in that the ratio of air and hydrogen supplied to the chamber 30 can be kept constant. That is, compared to the second embodiment, the second flow pipe 320 is formed to have a square cross section, and a thinner hydrogen layer is formed around the combustion air, so that the hydrogen fuel and the combustion air are mixed. The combustion rate of hydrogen can be improved by allowing the air to mix and burn more quickly. In addition, compared to the triangular cross section, the second flow tube 320 has the advantage that the hydrogen can be more uniformly injected. In addition, there is an advantage that the first flow tube 210 is fixed inside the second flow tube 220 and is supported more firmly. In addition, compared to the second embodiment, the second flow tube 320 is formed to have a square cross section and is supported by being inserted into the first flow tube 310. There is an advantage in that the flow rate of hydrogen injected into the chamber 30 from the flow tube 320 is divided, thereby reducing the risk of explosion that may occur when a large amount of hydrogen is burned at once. In other words, as the number of corners of the cross section of the second flow tube 320 increases, the amount of hydrogen injected from the second flow tube 320 can be dispersed and reduced. That is, when the flow rate of hydrogen is the same, the amount of hydrogen to be sprayed can be controlled by adjusting the angle of the cross section of the second flow tube 320 .

Hereinafter, a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a bonfire phenomenon according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unlike the first embodiment, the second flow pipe 420 for releasing combustion hydrogen is provided at a portion separated from the outer peripheral surface of the first flow pipe 410 for releasing combustion air. different. In this embodiment, the description of the above-described first embodiment is used for the configuration overlapping with that of the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 5, the second flow tube 420 is separated from the outer circumference of the first flow tube 410 by a preset distance. For example, the first flow tube 410 and the second flow tube 420 are formed to have a circular cross section, and the second flow tube 420 is plural in number, and the center of the first flow tube 410 is the reference point. may be arranged radially as Therefore, the hydrogen flowing between the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle upper case 82 is evenly distributed from the plurality of second flow pipes 420 and flows into the chamber 30 . Therefore, the hydrogen injected from the second flow pipe 420 is radially arranged around the air injected from the first flow pipe 410, and the air-fuel mixture is formed. When the air-fuel mixture is ignited by There is an advantage in that the combustion rate of hydrogen, which is the fuel, can be improved by being burned while being introduced and mixed.

At this time, the second flow tube 420 is separated from the adjacent second flow tube 420 at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the center of the first flow tube 410 . Here, when the second flow tube 420 is separated from the adjacent second flow tube 420 with respect to the center of the first flow tube 410 at an angle of less than 45 degrees, the second flow tube As the number of the second flow pipes 420 increases, the time and cost required for manufacturing sharply increase. There is a problem that the strength of the nozzle upper case 82 and the like connected to the flow tube 420 is lowered, and it becomes vulnerable to fatigue fractures. In addition, when the distance between the plurality of nozzles 5 becomes short in the nozzles 5 composed of the plurality of second flow tubes 420 and the first flow tubes 410, flames are not formed in each of the plurality of nozzles 5, As a result of the large flame being combined, the residence time of the flame becomes longer and the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted increases. In addition, when the second flow tube 420 is separated from the adjacent second flow tube 420 with respect to the center of the first flow tube 410 at an angle of more than 45 degrees, the second flow tube The hydrogen fuel jetted from 420 does not completely surround the surface of the combustion air jetted from the first flow tube 410, and the mixing of the hydrogen fuel and the combustion air becomes poor, resulting in hydrogen. There is a problem that the combustion rate is reduced and a problem that the flame in the chamber 30 is not stabilized. Therefore, the second flow tube 420 is separated from the adjacent second flow tube 420 at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the center of the first flow tube 410 . At this time, there is an advantage that the hydrogen injected from the second flow pipe 420 is more uniformly injected.

Hereinafter, a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a bonfire phenomenon according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Compared to the fourth embodiment, this embodiment is provided between the chamber 30 and the ends of the first flow pipe 410 for releasing combustion air and the second flow pipe 420 for releasing combustion hydrogen. Air ejected from the first flow tube 410 and hydrogen, which is the fuel ejected from the second flow tube 420, pass through outlets at the ends of the first flow tube 410 and the second flow tube 420. It is different in that it further includes a premixing section 530 that forms a premixed space immediately before or near the . In this embodiment, the description of the above-described first embodiment is used for the configuration overlapping with that of the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 6, the hydrogen gas combustion apparatus of the present invention is installed between the ends of the first flow pipe 410 and the second flow pipe 420 and the chamber 30, and the first flow pipe 410 emits The ejected air and the hydrogen fuel ejected from the second flow tube 420 are at the ends of the first flow tube 410 and the second flow tube 420 before being ejected into the chamber 30, which is the combustion chamber. It further includes a premixing section 530 that forms a space that is premixed with each other in advance of or near an outlet. Here, the pre-mixing part 530 may be formed to extend above the nozzle upper case 82, and the pre-mixing part 530 communicates with the first flow pipe 410 and the second flow pipe 420, respectively. a plurality of premixing holes 531 formed by That is, the combustion air ejected from the first flow pipe 410 and the hydrogen fuel ejected from the second flow pipe 420 pass through the premixing holes 531 and are premixed before combustion, After flowing into the chamber 30 to form the air-fuel mixture, the air-fuel mixture is ignited by the ignition device 40 . As a result, the combustion air ejected from the first flow pipe 410 and the hydrogen fuel ejected from the second flow pipe 420 are primarily mixed in the premixing hole 531 and flowed into the chamber 30. There is an advantage that the mixing rate of air and hydrogen can be improved by secondary mixing with the air.

In addition, the length of the premixing hole 531 is longer than the length of the second flow pipe 420, and the hydrogen injected from the second flow pipe 420 is injected from the first flow pipe 410. is thoroughly mixed with the injected air. Here, the length of the premixing hole 531 may be adjusted in consideration of the degree of premixing and the degree of danger (sensitivity) of the mixture of hydrogen and air. For example, the longitudinal length of the premixing hole 531 may be 5 to 10 times the diameter of the first flow tube 410 . At this time, if the longitudinal length of the premixing hole 531 is less than 5 times the diameter of the first flow tube 410, the mixing ratio of the combustion air and the fuel hydrogen is reduced. However, if the longitudinal length of the premixing hole 531 exceeds 10 times the diameter of the first flow tube 410, the mixing rate of air and hydrogen can be increased. Since an excessive amount of air-fuel mixture stays in the premixing hole 531, the danger of explosion increases and the structural stability of the premixing part 530 decreases.

In addition, a spiral flow path may be formed in the inner peripheral surface of the premixing hole 531 . In other words, a swirling flow path is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the premixing hole 531 so that the air and hydrogen flowing in the portion adjacent to the inner peripheral surface of the premixing hole 531 are spirally swirling. Induction can further improve the mixing ratio of air and hydrogen.

In addition, the premixing hole 531 may be tapered such that the diameter of the lower surface of the premixing hole 531 is larger. In other words, the premixing hole 531 is formed in a tapered shape in which the diameter gradually decreases toward the top, and the combustion air and the hydrogen fuel flowed to the lower part of the premixing hole 531 are premixed. The speed may gradually increase toward the top of the hole 531 . As a result, the mixture of air and hydrogen that has passed through the premixing hole 531 is ejected into the chamber 30 at a higher speed, thereby reducing flame simmering.

Hereinafter, a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a bonfire phenomenon according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present embodiment, the hole-shaped second flow pipe 620 for releasing combustion hydrogen is formed in communication with the inner peripheral surface of the first flow pipe 610 for releasing combustion air, unlike the first embodiment. be different. In this embodiment, the description of the above-described first embodiment is used for the configuration overlapping with that of the first embodiment.

7 and 8, the second flow pipe 620 is formed to communicate with the inner peripheral surface of the first flow pipe 610, and the hydrogen fuel passes through the second flow pipe 620 to jet in the form of a jet in cross inside the first flow tube 610 , so that it passes through the second flow tube 620 and jets vertically into the first flow tube 610 . The released hydrogen is rapidly mixed in the first flow pipe 610 . In more detail, the second flow pipe 620 may communicate with the inner peripheral surface of the first flow pipe 610 perpendicularly. That is, the hydrogen that has passed through the second flow pipe 620 is sprayed in a direction perpendicular to the air flowing inside the first flow pipe 610 . In this way, when the hydrogen, which is the fuel, is jetted in the form of a horizontal jet into the first flow pipe 610 through which the combustion air flows, the flow of the first flow pipe 610 is accelerated from the point at which the hydrogen is jetted. Even if the mixing length to the end of the first flow tube 610 is short, the mixture in which the hydrogen as the fuel and the combustion air are mixed well with the air flowing inside is produced. come to form. At this time, the distance from the point where hydrogen is sprayed from the second flow pipe 620 to the end of the first flow pipe 610 is adjusted in consideration of the target mixing degree of hydrogen and air. may In this case, if the distance from the ejection point of the second flow tube 620 to the end of the first flow tube 610 is shortened, a diffusion combustion method can be induced to reduce the risk of fire. , and the hydrogen ejected from the ejection point of the second flow pipe 620 is sufficiently mixed in the first flow pipe 610, a premixed combustion mode can be induced, and the mixing ratio is facilitating switching to a hydrogen gas combustion system with improved Therefore, the method of the sixth embodiment described above has the advantage of facilitating selective switching between the diffusion combustion method and the premixed combustion method depending on the application.

For example, referring to (b) of FIG. 7 , the second flow tube 620 may be formed below the first flow tube 610 . That is, the second flow tube 620 is positioned at a quarter of the longitudinal length of the first flow tube 610 . Therefore, the combustion air flowing through the first flow pipe 610 and the hydrogen fuel supplied from the second flow pipe 620 into the first flow pipe 610 flow above the first flow pipe 610. Advantageously, there is sufficient distance and time for the fuel and air to be mixed together to induce sufficient premixing of the fuel and air, resulting in a hydrogen gas burner with improved mixing ratio.

In addition, referring to (c) of FIG. 7 , the second flow tube 620 may be formed at the center of the first flow tube 610 . That is, the second flow tube 620 is positioned at 2/4 of the longitudinal length of the first flow tube 610 . In this case, there is an advantage that the hydrogen gas combustion apparatus has diffusion combustion characteristics and improved premixing performance.

In addition, referring to (d) of FIG. 7 , the second flow pipe 620 may be formed above the first flow pipe 610 . That is, the second flow tube 620 is positioned at 3/4 of the longitudinal length of the first flow tube 610 . Then, like the characteristics of the diffusion combustion method, it has the advantage of becoming the most stable hydrogen gas combustion apparatus from a simmering flame. Therefore, in this manner, the sixth embodiment described above has the advantage of facilitating selective switching from the diffusion combustion method to the premixed combustion method depending on the application.

Also, the second flow tube 620 may be plural in number and arranged radially with respect to the center of the first flow tube 610 . At this time, the second flow tube 620 is spaced apart at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the center of the adjacent second flow tube 620 and the first flow tube 610 . Here, when the second flow tube 620 is separated from the adjacent second flow tube 620 with respect to the center of the first flow tube 610 at an angle of less than 45 degrees, the second flow tube The increase in the number of nozzles 620 sharply increases the time and cost required for manufacturing. There is a problem that the strength of a part of the structure of the case 82 becomes extremely low and it becomes vulnerable to fatigue fracture or the like. In addition, in the nozzles 5 composed of the plurality of second flow pipes 620 and the first flow pipes 610, when the distance between the plurality of nozzles 5 is shortened, independent flames are formed in each of the plurality of nozzles 5. As a result, the flame stays longer and the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted increases. On the other hand, if the second flow tube 620 is separated from the adjacent second flow tube 620 with respect to the center of the first flow tube 610, the angle is limited to more than 45 degrees. There is a problem that the number of the first flow pipes 610 provided in the nozzle upper case 82 having the same area is limited to a small number. Therefore, the second flow tube 620 is separated from the adjacent second flow tube 620 at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the center of the first flow tube 610 .

Hereinafter, a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a bonfire phenomenon according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Compared to the first embodiment, the hydrogen supply pipe 61-1 does not communicate with the nozzle case portion 80, and hydrogen is supplied directly to the burner casing 90 before the first flow pipe 610. Injecting is different. Therefore, unlike the other embodiments, in the seventh embodiment, premixed air in which combustion air and hydrogen are mixed flows through the first flow pipe 610, and the second flow pipe 620 in the seventh embodiment flows. , air, not hydrogen, is injected from the auxiliary air supply pipe 51 to the inner wall surface of the first flow pipe 610 through which the premixed gas flows. In addition, in this embodiment, the description of the above-described first embodiment is used for the configuration that overlaps with that of the first embodiment.

First, referring to FIG. 9, the hydrogen supply pipe 61-1 may communicate with the inner space of the casing 90. As shown in FIG. That is, the hydrogen supply pipe 61-1 does not communicate with the nozzle case portion 80, but communicates with the space between the nozzle case portion 80 and the casing 90. As shown in FIG. Therefore, the hydrogen fuel passing through the hydrogen supply pipe 61-1 and the combustion air supplied from the air supply section 50 are premixed in the space between the nozzle case section 80 and the casing 90. FIG. That is, in the space between the nozzle case portion 80 and the casing 90, the air-fuel mixture premixed with the hydrogen fuel and the combustion air passes through the perforated plate 70 and flows into the chamber 30. Therefore, there is an advantage that a perfect premixed gas can be formed and premixed combustion can be induced.

9 and 11(a), the air supply section 50 communicates with the nozzle case section 80 to supply the combustion air supplied from the air supply section 50 to the nozzle case. It may further include the auxiliary air supply pipe 51 that flows into the interior of the unit 80 . In other words, at least part of the combustion air supplied from the air supply portion 50 flows from the auxiliary air supply pipe 51 to the nozzle case portion 80 . Part of the air flowing from the auxiliary air supply pipe 51 to the nozzle case part 80 is further injected from the second flow pipe 620 to the first flow pipe 610 . At this time, the air flowing into the first flow tube 610 from the second flow tube 620 may serve to break the wall boundary layer inside the first flow tube 610 .

In general, the fluid flowing in pipes and ducts has no flow speed and is stopped or stagnated on the wall surface, which is the inner peripheral surface of the pipe or duct. In other words, a thin film-like wall boundary layer with a velocity gradient is formed near the wall due to the influence of the wall, regardless of the velocity of the fluid, and extremely slow flow velocity is distributed near the wall. From the wall boundary layer to the center of the pipe or duct, there is a flow structure in which the flow velocity increases. That is, referring to FIG. 10(a), the flow velocity of the fluid adhering to the wall surface of the inner peripheral surface of the pipe or duct is "0", and the flow velocity of the central portion of the pipe is maximized. have. At this time, a wall boundary layer (not shown) is formed near the pipe wall surface, and within this wall boundary layer, the velocity of the flow becomes extremely low due to the viscous force between the wall surface and the fluid, and the first Like the first flow tube 610 , before the end of the first flow tube 610 , a mixture of fuel and air, which is a combustible fluid flowing inside the tube, is premixed in the chamber 30 . When the air-fuel mixture is ejected at a low speed, the flow speed is high in the center of the pipe or duct, but the flow speed is low on the wall boundary layer side, and the flame burns on the wall boundary layer side. There is a problem that a bonfire phenomenon or a safety-related accident such as an explosion may occur due to the entry.

In this case, if a method of jetting air from the second flow tube 620 into the inside of the first flow tube 610 in the form of a horizontal jet is used, the first flow tube 610 can be shown in FIG. 11(b). The air passing through the second flow pipe 620 vertically communicated with , blows out to the first flow pipe 610 and destroys the wall boundary layer, resulting in the velocity distribution diagram of FIG. 10(b). In addition, near the inner peripheral surface of the first flow tube 610, the flow velocity is not close to '0' as shown in FIG. There is an advantage in that it is possible to suppress or prevent a fire phenomenon in which a flame burns into the wall boundary layer side. At this time, the wall boundary layer is formed according to the distance from the point where the air is ejected perpendicularly from the second flow pipe 620 to the first flow pipe 610 to the end of the first flow pipe 610. Since the breaking effect is different, the position of the ejection port of the first flow tube 620 may be determined through a separate optimization process.

10(a) and 11(c), the second flow pipe 620-1 may communicate with the inner peripheral surface of the first flow pipe 610 at an angle. That is, the second flow pipe 620-1 is inclined in a direction toward the flow direction of the air-fuel mixture inside the first flow pipe 610, thereby passing through the first flow pipe 620-1. When the air is injected into the first flow pipe 610, the depth of the air penetrated into the air-fuel mixture inside the first flow pipe 610 is adjusted to reduce the flow velocity of the boundary layer near the inner peripheral wall. has the advantage of being able to intensively destroy the gradient of In addition, it may be used as a method for adjusting the distance from the ejection point of the second flow pipe 620-1 to the end of the first flow pipe 610.

In addition, referring to (d) of FIG. 11, the second flow pipe 620 is provided at the air outlet, which is the end of the second flow pipe 620, and guides the flow direction of the ejected air. lip 621 may be included. For example, the lip 621 may have a plate-like shape with a rectangular cross section, and may extend upward from the end of the second flow tube 620 toward the top of the first flow tube 610 . In other words, the lip 621 is bent in a 'F' shape, and the hydrogen fuel flowing through the second flow tube 620 is interfered with by the lip 621 and is pushed upward to the top of the first flow tube 610 . flow in the direction. As a result, the lip 621 guides the air that has passed through the second flow tube 620 to flow upward along the wall surface of the first flow tube 610, thus leading to the first flow. Advantageously, the wall boundary layer of tube 610 can be effectively broken down.

Also, referring to (e) of FIG. 11, the first flow tube 610-1 may be formed to have a smaller inner diameter toward the end. For example, the first flow tube 610-1 is formed to have a smaller inner diameter along the flow direction of the fluid flowing inside the first flow tube 610-1. That is, the first flow tube 610-1 is formed to have a smaller inner diameter toward the top. As a result, the flow velocity of the combustion air, hydrogen fuel, or air-fuel mixture flowing inside the first flow pipe 610-1 gradually increases and is ejected into the chamber 30, thereby narrowing it further. There is an advantage that it is possible to create an environment in which a fire phenomenon in which a flame burns into the inside of the first flow tube 610-1 is unlikely to occur.

Hereinafter, a hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a bonfire phenomenon according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, referring to FIG. 12, unlike the seventh embodiment, the auxiliary air supply pipe 51 connected to the air supply unit 50 is removed, and the nozzle lower case 81 and the nozzle The difference is that the space between the upper case 82 does not affect the combustion of the air-hydrogen mixture. Therefore, there is no additional fluid flowing into the first flow tube 610 in the seventh embodiment to release the premixture of hydrogen fuel and air. Moreover, in this embodiment, the description of the seventh embodiment is used for the configuration overlapping with that of the seventh embodiment.

Referring to (a) and (b) of FIG. 13 , the first flow tube 610 is a protrusion protruding from the inner peripheral surface of the first flow tube 610 toward the center of the first flow tube 610 . including section 820 . For example, the protrusion 820 may be provided on the upper portion of the first flow tube 610 and may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape. That is, the air-hydrogen mixture flowing into the first flow tube 610 flows upward and is interfered with by the protrusion 820 . At this time, the mixture of air and hydrogen flowing through the first flow pipe 610 is interfered with by the protrusion 820, and the mixture flows thinly around the wall of the inner peripheral surface of the first flow pipe 610. By destroying the wall boundary layer of the wall boundary layer and removing the region where the flow velocity rapidly decreases in the wall boundary layer, the ejection speed of the air-fuel mixture that is vulnerable to a bonfire is reduced when the air-fuel mixture is burned. By reducing the part to be burned, it will be possible to prevent fires.

Also, the protrusions 820 may be plural in number, and may be provided radially with respect to the center of the first flow tube 610 . At this time, the protrusions 820 may be separated from adjacent protrusions 820 at an angle of 60 degrees with respect to the center of the first flow tube 610 . Here, when the protrusions 820 are separated from adjacent protrusions 820 at an angle of less than 60 degrees with respect to the center of the first flow tube 610, the number of the protrusions 820 increases. However, there is a problem that the time and cost required for manufacturing are rapidly increased. In addition, when the protrusion 820 is separated from the adjacent protrusion 820 at an angle of more than 60 degrees with respect to the center of the first flow tube 610, the air flowing through the first flow tube 610 and hydrogen, and the wall boundary layer formed around the wall surface of the inner peripheral surface of the first flow tube 610 cannot be sufficiently disturbed. , there is a problem that the possibility of occurrence of the phenomenon of burning is increased. Accordingly, the protrusions 820 are separated from adjacent protrusions 820 at an angle of 60 degrees with respect to the center of the first flow tube 610 .

Also, referring to (c) of FIG. 13, the protrusion 820-1 may be formed in a triangular prism shape having a triangular cross section. At this time, the bottom surface of the protrusion 820-1 is formed in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the air-fuel mixture flowing inside the first flow tube 610, like an inverted triangle in FIG. 13(c). good too. That is, the bottom surface of the protrusion 820-1 is formed in a direction toward the top of the first flow tube 610. As shown in FIG. In other words, the end of the protrusion 820-1 comes into contact with the combustion air first. Therefore, the protrusion 820-1 can further reduce the interference of the protrusion with the air-fuel mixture flowing along the first flow tube, compared to the rectangular parallelepiped protrusion. The interference of the projections on the flow of the air-fuel mixture is related to the performance of disturbing the wall boundary layer. It may be adjusted by changing from polygonal to various shapes such as circular.

In addition, the positions of the protrusions 820 and 820-1 have different effects of breaking the wall boundary layer according to the distance to the end of the first flow tube 610, so a separate optimization process is required. The positions of the protrusions 820 and 820-1 may be determined by the method.

In this way, the above-described technical configuration of the present invention may be implemented in other specific forms by a person skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs without changing the technical idea or essential features of the present invention. It is understood that

For this reason, the above-described embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined in the following patents rather than in the foregoing detailed description. All modifications or variations as defined by and deriving from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are included within the scope of the invention.

Also, the described embodiments can be mixedly applied.

The invention of the present application is based on the research carried out with the financial resources of the government (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy) with the support of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation (issue number 2020671010060, hydrogen battery for distributed power generation gas turbine Development of low-NOx combustor (issue number 20181110100290, H-class gas turbine cantype low-swirl burner source technology development for power generation).

5 nozzle 10 first flow pipe 20 second flow pipe 30 chamber 40 ignition device 50 air supply unit 51 auxiliary air supply pipe 60 hydrogen supply unit 61, 61-1 hydrogen supply pipe 62 fuel pipe 70 perforated plate 80 nozzle case portion 81 Nozzle lower case 82 Nozzle upper case 83 Through hole 90 Burner casing 210 First flow tube 220 Second flow tube 310 First flow tube 320 Second flow tube 410 First flow tube 420 Second flow tube 530 Premixing section 531 Premixing Holes 610, 610-1 First flow tube 620, 620-1 Second flow tube 621 Lip 820, 820-1 Projection

Claims (3)

a first flow tube in which a mixture formed by mixing air and hydrogen flows;
a second flow tube in which air flows and which communicates with the inner peripheral surface of the first flow tube;
a chamber provided at the end of the first flow pipe and forming a space in which the air-fuel mixture flowing into the first flow pipe is combusted;
an igniter for igniting the air-fuel mixture in the chamber;
the air flowing into the first flow tube through the second flow tube disturbs the flow structure of the wall boundary layer formed on the inner peripheral surface of the first flow tube;
the second flow tube includes a lip provided on the air outlet side, which is the end of the second flow tube, for guiding the flow direction of the ejected air;
The lip has a plate-like shape with a rectangular cross section and extends from the inner peripheral surface of the second flow tube toward the center of the second flow tube and then toward the end of the second flow tube. It is bent in the direction and formed into a "F" shape,
the first flow tube includes a protrusion formed to protrude toward the center of the first flow tube from the inner peripheral surface of the air-fuel mixture flow path of the first flow tube;
The protrusions are plural in number and formed in a triangular prism shape having a bottom surface on the end side of the first flow tube ,
The plurality of protrusions are radially arranged with respect to the center of the first flow tube, and the protrusions adjacent to the protrusions are arranged at an angle of 60 degrees with respect to the center of the first flow tube. separated by
The projection destroys a wall boundary layer of the air-fuel mixture formed around the wall of the inner peripheral surface of the first flow tube.
A hydrogen gas combustion apparatus capable of preventing a bonfire phenomenon, characterized by: 2. The hydrogen gas combustion apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second flow pipe communicates perpendicularly with the inner peripheral surface of the first flow pipe. 2. The hydrogen gas combustion apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second flow pipe communicates with the inner peripheral surface of the first flow pipe at an angle.

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