JP7284709B2 - Bcl2阻害のためのp-エトキシ核酸 - Google Patents
Bcl2阻害のためのp-エトキシ核酸 Download PDFInfo
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Description
Bcl-2は、アポトーシスまたはプログラム細胞死の調節に関与するタンパク質である。Bcl-2の過剰発現は、化学療法剤による治療などの細胞傷害に応答してアポトーシスの誘導を防ぐ。Bcl-2は、染色体再配置による濾胞性B細胞非ホジキンリンパ腫の90%以上で過剰発現しており、この悪性腫瘍の開始の重要な要因である。Bcl-2は、多種多様な固形腫瘍でも過剰発現している(がんの40%で過剰発現していると推定されている)。例えば、Bcl-2の過剰発現は、ホルモン依存性からホルモン非依存性への前立腺がんの進行と関連付けられており、ホルモン非依存性前立腺がんで典型的に観察される相対的な薬剤耐性表現型に寄与し得る。
本発明は、例えば以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
オリゴヌクレオチドの集団を含む組成物であって、前記オリゴヌクレオチドが、BCL2ポリヌクレオチド遺伝子産物にハイブリダイズし、前記集団のオリゴヌクレオチドが、リン酸骨格結合を介して一緒に連結されたヌクレオシド分子からなり、各オリゴヌクレオチドの前記リン酸骨格結合のうちの少なくとも1つが、P-エトキシ骨格結合であり、各オリゴヌクレオチドの前記リン酸骨格結合の80%以下が、P-エトキシ骨格結合である、組成物。
(項目2)
前記集団のオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号1~3のいずれかに従う配列を含む、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目3)
前記集団のオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号1に従う配列を含む、項目2に記載の組成物。
(項目4)
前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドの少なくともヌクレオチド5と6の間、ヌクレオチド7と8の間、ヌクレオチド9と10の間、ヌクレオチド11と12の間、およびヌクレオチド14と15の間の前記リン酸骨格結合が、ホスホジエステル骨格結合である、項目3に記載の組成物。
(項目5)
前記集団のオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号2に従う配列を含む、項目2に記載の組成物。
(項目6)
前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドの少なくともヌクレオチド5と6の間、ヌクレオチド7と8の間、およびヌクレオチド9と10の間の前記リン酸骨格結合が、ホスホジエステル骨格結合である、項目2に記載の組成物。
(項目7)
前記集団のオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号3に従う配列を含む、項目2に記載の組成物。
(項目8)
前記リン酸骨格結合の50%~80%が、P-エトキシ骨格結合である、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目9)
前記リン酸骨格結合の60%~75%が、P-エトキシ骨格結合である、項目8に記載の組成物。
(項目10)
前記リン酸骨格結合の20%~50%が、ホスホジエステル骨格結合である、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目11)
前記リン酸骨格結合の25%~40%が、ホスホジエステル骨格結合である、項目10に記載の組成物。
(項目12)
前記ホスホジエステル骨格結合が、各オリゴヌクレオチド全体に分散している、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目13)
前記ホスホジエステル骨格結合が、各オリゴヌクレオチドの一部内にクラスタ化されていない、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目14)
オリゴヌクレオチドの前記集団が、前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドに存在するP-エトキシ骨格結合およびホスホジエステル骨格結合の数に関して不均一である、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目15)
前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドが、18~30ヌクレオチドの範囲のサイズを有する、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目16)
前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドが、18ヌクレオチドの平均サイズを有し、各オリゴヌクレオチド中の前記リン酸骨格結合のうちの14個以下が、P-エトキシ骨格結合である、項目15に記載の組成物。
(項目17)
前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドが、20ヌクレオチドの平均サイズを有し、各オリゴヌクレオチド中の前記リン酸骨格結合のうちの16個以下が、P-エトキシ骨格結合である、項目15に記載の組成物。
(項目18)
前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドが、25ヌクレオチドの平均サイズを有し、各オリゴヌクレオチド中の前記リン酸骨格結合のうちの20個以下が、P-エトキシ骨格結合である、項目15に記載の組成物。
(項目19)
前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドが、30ヌクレオチドの平均サイズを有し、各オリゴヌクレオチド中の前記リン酸骨格結合のうちの24個以下が、P-エトキシ骨格結合である、項目15に記載の組成物。
(項目20)
オリゴヌクレオチドの前記集団が、単一の種のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目21)
オリゴヌクレオチドの前記集団が、少なくとも2つの種のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目22)
オリゴヌクレオチドの前記集団が、前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチド間のホスホジエステル骨格結合の分散に関して不均一である、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目23)
前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドが、Bcl2タンパク質の発現を阻害する、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目24)
リン脂質をさらに含み、前記オリゴヌクレオチドおよびリン脂質が、オリゴヌクレオチド-脂質複合体を形成する、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目25)
前記リン脂質が、帯電していないか、または生理学的pHで中性の電荷を有する、項目24に記載の組成物。
(項目26)
前記リン脂質が、中性リン脂質である、項目25に記載の組成物。
(項目27)
前記中性リン脂質が、ホスファチジルコリンである、項目26に記載の組成物。
(項目28)
前記中性リン脂質が、ジオレオイルホスファチジルコリンである、項目26に記載の組成物。
(項目29)
前記リン脂質が、本質的にコレステロールを含まない、項目24に記載の組成物。
(項目30)
前記リン脂質およびオリゴヌクレオチドが、約5:1~約100:1のモル比で存在する、項目24に記載の組成物。
(項目31)
前記オリゴヌクレオチド-脂質複合体が、リポソームの集団としてさらに定義される、項目24に記載の組成物。
(項目32)
前記リポソームの少なくとも90%が、直径5ミクロン未満である、項目31に記載の組成物。
(項目33)
オリゴヌクレオチドの前記集団が、リポソームの前記集団に組み込まれている、項目31に記載の組成物。
(項目34)
前記組成物が、凍結乾燥される、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目35)
細胞中のBcl2タンパク質の発現レベルを低減させる方法であって、前記細胞を項目1に記載の組成物と接触させることを含む、方法。
(項目36)
項目24に記載の組成物と、薬学的に許容される担体と、を含む、薬学的組成物。
(項目37)
化学療法剤をさらに含む、項目36に記載の組成物。
(項目38)
治療上有効量のオリゴヌクレオチドを細胞に送達するための方法であって、前記細胞を項目36に記載の薬学的組成物と接触させることを含む、方法。
(項目39)
過形成、がん、自己免疫疾患、または感染症を治療する方法である、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目40)
がんを有する対象を治療する方法であって、前記対象に、治療上有効量の項目36に記載の薬学的組成物を投与することを含む、方法。
(項目41)
前記対象が、ヒトである、項目40に記載の方法。
(項目42)
前記がんが、非小細胞肺がん、膵臓腺がん、乳がん、前立腺がん、黒色腫、結腸がん、白血病、リンパ腫、膠芽腫、骨肉腫、口腔がん、卵巣がん、子宮がん、骨がん、脳がん、前立腺がん、腎臓がん、胃がん、食道がん、直腸がん、膀胱がん、精巣がん、または肝臓がんである、項目40に記載の方法。
(項目43)
前記リンパ腫が、胚中心のB細胞様びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫である、項目42に記載の方法。
(項目44)
前記リンパ腫が、活性化されたB細胞様サブタイプびまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫である、項目42に記載の方法。
(項目45)
前記リンパ腫が、マントル細胞リンパ腫である、項目42に記載の方法。
(項目46)
前記リンパ腫が、バーキットリンパ腫である、項目42に記載の方法。
(項目47)
前記白血病が、骨髄性白血病である、項目42に記載の方法。
(項目48)
前記組成物が、皮下、静脈内、または腹腔内に投与される、項目40に記載の方法。
(項目49)
前記対象に、少なくとも第2の抗がん療法を施すことをさらに含む、項目40に記載の方法。
(項目50)
前記第2の抗がん療法が、外科療法、化学療法、放射線療法、凍結療法、ホルモン療法、免疫療法、抗ウイルス療法、免疫抑制療法、抗菌療法、抗寄生虫療法、抗真菌療法、またはサイトカイン療法である、項目49に記載の方法。
(項目51)
前記組成物の投与が、前記患者のBcl2タンパク質の発現を低減させる、項目40に記載の方法。
「リポソーム」は、本明細書において、脂質二重層を有する脂質含有小胞、ならびにアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを捕捉または組み込むことができる他の脂質担体粒子を意味するために使用される。したがって、リポソームは、封入された脂質二重層または凝集体の発生によって形成される、様々な単層、多層、および多小胞の脂質ビヒクルを含む一般的用語である。さらに、リポソームは、未定義のラメラ構造を有し得る。リポソームは、リン脂質二重層膜と内部水性媒体を持つ小胞構造を有するものとして特徴付けることができる。多層リポソームは、水性媒体によって分離された複数の脂質層を有する。リン脂質が過剰な水溶液に懸濁すると、自然に形成される。脂質成分は、閉じた構造、および捕獲水、および脂質二重層の間の溶解した溶質の形成前に自己再編成を受ける(Ghosh and Bachhawat,1991)。しかしながら、本発明は、正常な小胞構造よりも溶液中に異なる構造を有する組成物も含む。例えば、脂質はミセル構造をとることができるか、単純に、脂質分子の不均一な凝集体として存在することができる。
脂質は、天然に存在するか、または合成であり得る脂肪物質である。例えば、脂質は、細胞質中で天然に存在する脂肪液滴、ならびに脂肪酸、アルコール、アミン、アミノアルコール、およびアルデヒドのような長鎖脂肪族炭化水素およびそれらの誘導体を含有する当業者に周知の化合物のクラスを含む。その例は、脂質1,2-ジオレオイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン(DOPC)である。
本明細書で使用する、「中性リポソームまたは脂質組成物」あるいは「非荷電リポソームまたは脂質組成物」は、本質的に中性の正味電荷(実質的に非荷電)を生じる1つ以上の脂質を有するリポソームまたは脂質組成物として定義される。ある特定の実施形態では、中性リポソームまたは脂質組成物は、それ自体が中性であるほとんどの脂質および/またはリン脂質を含み得る。ある特定の実施形態では、両親媒性脂質を組み込むか、またはそれを用いて、中性リポソームまたは脂質組成物を生成することができる。例えば、中性リポソームは、それらの電荷が互いに実質的に相殺するように、正および負に帯電した脂質を組み合わせることにより生成することができ、それにより本質的に中性の正味の電荷が生じる。「本質的に中性」または「本質的に非荷電」とは、所与の集団(例えば、リポソームの集団)内の、もしあれば、少数の脂質が、別の成分の反対の電荷によって相殺されない電荷を含むことを意味する(例えば、成分の10%未満、より好ましくは5%未満、最も好ましくは1%未満の非相殺電荷を含む)。本発明のある特定の実施形態では、組成物の脂質成分が本質的に中性であるが、リポソームの形態ではない、組成物を調製することができる。
阻害性オリゴヌクレオチドは、細胞中での遺伝子の転写または翻訳を阻害することができる。オリゴヌクレオチドは、5~50以上のヌクレオチド長であり得、ある特定の実施形態では、7~30ヌクレオチド長であり得る。ある特定の実施形態では、オリゴヌクレオチドは、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、または30ヌクレオチド長であり得る。オリゴヌクレオチドは、核酸および/または核酸類似体を含んでもよい。典型的には、阻害性オリゴヌクレオチドは、細胞内での単一遺伝子の翻訳を阻害する。しかしながら、ある特定の実施形態では、阻害性オリゴヌクレオチドは、細胞内の1より多い遺伝子の翻訳を阻害し得る。
本発明は、中性リポソームを介したオリゴヌクレオチドの送達のための方法および組成物を提供する。オリゴヌクレオチドは核酸から構成されるため、核酸に関連する方法(例えば、核酸の生成、核酸の修飾など)もまた、オリゴヌクレオチドに関して使用してもよい。
本明細書で使用される、「核酸塩基」は、例えば、少なくとも1つの天然に存在する核酸(すなわちDNAおよびRNA)に見られる天然に存在する核酸塩基(すなわち、A、T、G、C、またはU)、ならびにそのような核酸塩基の天然のまたは非天然の誘導体(複数可)および類似体などの複素環塩基を指す。核酸塩基は、一般に、天然に存在する核酸塩基の対合のために置き換えることができる様式で、少なくとも1つの天然に存在する核酸塩基で1つ以上の水素結合を形成することができる(例えば、AとT、GとC、およびAとUの間の水素結合)。核酸塩基は、本明細書に記載されているか、または当業者に知られている任意の化学的または天然の合成方法を使用して、ヌクレオシドまたはヌクレオチドに含まれてもよい。
本明細書で使用する、「ヌクレオシド」とは、核酸塩基リンカー部分に共有結合した核酸塩基を含む個々の化学単位を指す。「核酸塩基リンカー部分」の非限定的な例は、デオキシリボース、リボース、アラビノース、または5-炭素糖の誘導体もしくは類似体を含むが、これらに限定されない、5-炭素原子を含む糖(すなわち「5-炭素糖」)である。5-炭素糖の誘導体または類似体の非限定的な例には、2’-フルオロ-2’-デオキシリボースまたは炭素環式糖が含まれ、炭素は糖環において酸素原子と置き換えられる。本明細書で使用される、「部分」とは、一般に、より大きな化学的構造または分子構造のより小さな化学的成分または分子成分を指す。
本明細書で使用する、「ヌクレオチド」とは、「骨格結合」をさらに含むヌクレオシドを指す。骨格結合は、一般に、ヌクレオチドを含む別の分子または別のヌクレオチドにヌクレオチドを共有結合させて、核酸を形成する。天然に存在するヌクレオチドの「骨格結合」は、典型的には、5-炭素糖に共有結合しているリン酸部分(例えば、ホスホジエステル骨格結合)を含む。骨格部分の結合は、典型的には、5-炭素糖の3’位または5’位のいずれかで起こる。しかしながら、特にヌクレオチドが天然に存在する5-炭素糖またはリン酸部分の誘導体または類似体を含む場合に、他のタイプの結合が当該技術分野で知られている。
核酸は、天然に存在する核酸に存在し得る核酸塩基、核酸塩基リンカー部分、および/または骨格結合の誘導体もしくは類似体を含むか、またはそれらから完全に構成され得る。本明細書で使用する、「誘導体」とは、天然に存在する分子の化学的に修飾または変更された形態を指し、一方、「模倣体」または「類似体」という用語は、天然に存在する分子または部分に構造的に似ていても似ていなくてもよいが、同様な機能を保有する分子を指す。核酸塩基、ヌクレオシド、およびヌクレオチド類似体または誘導体は、当該技術分野で周知である。
核酸は、化学合成、酵素生産、または生物学的生産など、当業者に知られている任意の技術によって作成することができる。合成核酸(例えば、合成オリゴヌクレオチド)の非限定的な例には、ホスホトリエステル、スファイト、またはホスホルアミダイト化学を用いるインビトロ化学的合成、およびEP266,032(参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)に記載される、固相技術によって、あるいはFroehler et al.(1986)および米国特許第5,705,629号(これらの各々は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)によって記載される、デオキシヌクレオシドH-ホスホネート中間体を介して作成される核酸を含む。本発明の方法において、1種以上のオリゴヌクレオチドを使用することができる。オリゴヌクレオチド合成の様々なメカニズムは、例えば、米国特許第4,659,774号、同第4,816,571号、同第5,141,813号、同第5,264,566号、同第4,959,463号、同第5,428,148号、同第5,554,744号、同第5,574,146号、同第5,602,244(これらの各々は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)に開示されている。
核酸は、ポリアクリルアミドゲル、塩化セシウム遠心分離勾配で、または当業者に既知のいずれかの他の手段によって精製することができる(例えば、参照により本明細書に組み込まれるSambrookら(2001)を参照のこと)。
本明細書で使用される、「ハイブリダイゼーション」、「ハイブリダイズする」、または「ハイブリダイズすることができる」とは、二本鎖もしくは三本鎖分子または部分的な二本鎖もしくは三本鎖の性質を有する分子を形成することを意味すると理解される。本明細書で使用される、「アニールする」という用語は、「ハイブリダイズする」と同義語である。
標的mRNAの特定の領域に相補的なアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド(オリゴ)は、内在性遺伝子の発現を阻害するために使用されてきた。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが標的mRNAに結合するとき、DNA-RNAハイブリッドが形成される。このハイブリッド形成は、mRNAの翻訳を阻害し、そのため、コードされたタンパク質の発現を阻害する。タンパク質が細胞の生存に不可欠である場合、その発現の阻害は細胞死を引き起こし得る。したがって、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドは、抗がんおよび抗ウイルス療法の有用なツールであり得る。
リポソームP-エトキシアンチセンス製剤は、2つのcGMP製品で構成されており、どちらもFDA承認された放出基準を有するFDA必須分析証明書を持っている。原料、溶媒、および最終製剤は、本明細書で説明する。製造するとき、製剤は、オリゴヌクレオチド(例えば、P-エトキシアンチセンス原薬)、中性脂質(例えば、DOPC)、および界面活性剤(例えば、ポリソルベート20)の材料を含む、凍結乾燥結晶または琥珀色または白色の粉末である。患者への投与に備えて、生理食塩水をバイアルに加え、その時点で、内部に組み込まれたP-エトキシアンチセンスを用いて、リポソームを形成する。
最終製品の特定の物理学的特性(例えば、生理食塩水中の製剤の溶解性、リポソームへのオリゴの取り込み、およびリポソーム粒子サイズに影響する溶解性と疎水性)は、P-エトキシアンチセンス原薬の製造期間中に所定のP-エトキシおよびホスホジエステルアミダイト原料の混合物を使用して定義することができる。これらの結合でホスホジエステル結合が生じるオリゴヌクレオチドの製造期間中にP-エトキシ骨格群の損失がランダムに発生するが、その損失は、オリゴヌクレオチド内でP-エトキシ:ホスホジエステル骨格結合の好ましい比率を生じ得ない。この場合は、P-エトキシとホスホジエステルアミダイト原料の混合物は、P-エトキシ骨格の欠失の期待値を補い、このため、所望の比率のオリゴヌクレオチドを生成する。オリゴヌクレオチドの骨格におけるP-エトキシ分子の数の増加は、分子の疎水性がより高まり(より大きなリポソーム粒子をもたらす;表1)、極性がより低くなり、溶解性を低減させる(表2)。電荷中性の疎水性P-エトキシ原薬を試験する方法には、オリゴヌクレオチドの長さの分布を決定するための質量分析法および原薬の溶解性を判定するためのアッセイが含まれ、溶解性の実際的な目的は、生理食塩水中に再構成された製品の目視検査である。多数のP-エトキシ骨格結合によりオリゴヌクレオチドの溶解性がより低くなるため、疎水性が高くなりすぎて粒子が形成されるまで、再構成溶液はより白色になる。
a.このロットは、難溶性であるために、具体的には、再構成された溶液中のアンチセンス粒子のために廃棄された。
b.このロットは、DMSOとtBAの量がより少なく、20mLのバイアル中に2mgのアンチセンスが含まれており、これに、リポソームの拡大のため、追加の成分が追加された。
c.このロットは、粒子サイズの放出スペックが衰えたため、放出されなかった。
d.主要ピークは、集団のオリゴヌクレオチドにおける最も一般的なp-エトキシ欠失の数を表す。
e.複合欠失は、オリゴヌクレオチドの集団におけるp-エトキシの欠失の平均数を表す。
a.このロットは、難溶性であるために、具体的には、再構成された溶液中のアンチセンス粒子のために廃棄された。
b.このロットは、DMSOとtBAの量がより少なく、20mLのバイアル中に2mgのアンチセンスが含まれており、これに、リポソームの拡大のため、追加の成分が追加された。
c.このロットは、粒子サイズの放出スペックが衰えたため、放出されなかった。
1グラム(1g)のpEオリゴを、1mLのDMSO当たり10mgのオリゴヌクレオチドの比率でDMSOに溶解する。次に、DOPCを、1719mLのtert-ブチルアルコール当たり1gのDOPCの比率でtert-ブチルアルコールに添加する。オリゴおよびDOPCを、2.67gのDOPC当たり1gのオリゴヌクレオチドの比率で組み合わせ、混合する。次いで、20mLのポリソルベート20の0.835%(v/v)溶液を、混合物に添加し、0.039mg/mLの最終濃度を得る。この溶液は、凍結乾燥のためにガラスバイアルに分注する前に滅菌フィルターを通過させる。
凍結乾燥調製物を、10~5000μMの最終オリゴ濃度で、生理食塩水(0.9%/10mMのNaCl)で水和した。リポソーム-P-エトキシオリゴは、手動撹拌によって混合した。
製造された製剤の目視検査:製造後、製剤を含む試料バイアルを選択し、目視検査する。液体が存在しないことは必須であり、バイアルの底部にある琥珀色の結晶が、許容され、白色の凝集した粉末または外観への許容範囲が増加し、最良の結果が得られる。白色の外観は、表面積と質量の比が高い、より良好な乾燥プロセスを示し、これは、使用のための再構成に非常に役立つ。
本発明のある特定の態様は、がん、自己免疫疾患、または感染症などの疾患を治療するためのオリゴヌクレオチド-脂質複合体(例えば、非荷電リポソームに組み込まれたオリゴヌクレオチド)を提供する。特に、オリゴヌクレオチドは、ヒトヌクレオチド配列との塩基対合を可能にする配列を有し得、したがって、ヒトヌクレオチド配列によってコードされるタンパク質の発現を阻害し得る。
リポソームを含む薬学的組成物は、通常、デキストロースまたは生理食塩水などの滅菌の薬学的に許容される担体または希釈剤を含む。
ある特定の実施形態では、本発明の組成物および方法は、第2のまたは追加の治療法と組み合わせて、阻害性オリゴヌクレオチド、または遺伝子発現の阻害剤を発現することができるオリゴヌクレオチドを含む。併用療法を含む方法および組成物は、治療または保護効果を向上させ、および/または別の抗がん療法もしくは抗過剰増殖療法の治療効果を増加させる。治療法および予防法ならびに組成物は、がん細胞の殺傷および/または細胞過剰増殖の阻害などの所望の効果を達成するのに有効な組み合わされた量で提供することができる。このプロセスには、細胞を遺伝子発現の阻害剤および第2の治療法の両方と接触させることを含み得る。組織、腫瘍、または細胞は、薬剤(すなわち、遺伝子発現の阻害剤または抗がん剤)のうちの1つ以上を含む1つ以上の組成物もしくは薬理学的製剤(複数可)と接触させることができるか、あるいは組織、腫瘍、および/または細胞を2つ以上の異なる組成物もしくは製剤と接触させることができ、1つの組成物は、1)阻害性オリゴヌクレオチド、2)抗がん剤、または3)阻害性オリゴヌクレオチドおよび抗がん剤の両方を提供する。また、このような併用療法は、化学療法、放射線療法、手術療法、または免疫療法とともに使用することができることも企図される。
A/B/A B/A/B B/B/A A/A/B A/B/B B/A/A A/B/B/B
B/A/B/B B/B/B/A B/B/A/B A/A/B/B A/B/A/B A/B/B/A
B/B/A/A B/A/B/A B/A/A/B A/A/A/B B/A/A/A A/B/A/A
A/A/B/A
本実施形態に従って、多種多様な化学療法剤を使用することができる。「化学療法」という用語は、がんを治療するための薬物の使用を指す。「化学療法剤」は、がんの治療に投与される化合物または組成物を示すために使用される。これらの薬剤または薬物は、細胞内でのそれらの活性の様式、例えば、それらが細胞周期に影響を及ぼすかどうか、およびどの段階に影響を及ぼすかにより分類される。あるいは、薬剤は、DNAを直接架橋するその能力、DNAの中に挿入される能力、または核酸合成に影響を及ぼすことによって染色体異常および有糸分裂異常を誘導する能力に基づいて特徴付けすることができる。
DNA損傷を引き起こし、広く使用されている他の因子としては、γ線、X線、および/または腫瘍細胞への放射性同位体の指向性送達として一般に知られているものが挙げられる。他の形態のDNA損傷因子、例えば、マイクロ波、陽子ビーム照射(米国特許第5,760,395号および同第4,870,287号)ならびにUV照射も企図される。これらの因子はすべて、DNA、DNAの前駆体、DNAの複製および修復、ならびに染色体の集合および維持に対する広範囲の損傷に影響を及ぼす可能性が最も高い。X線についての線量範囲は、長期間(3~4週間)にわたり50~200レントゲンの1日線量から、2000~6000レントゲンの単回線量に及ぶ。放射性同位体についての投与量範囲は、広く変動し、同位体の半減期、放出される放射線の強度および型、ならびに腫瘍性細胞による取り込みに依存する。
がん治療の文脈では、免疫療法薬は、一般に、がん細胞を標的化および破壊するための免疫エフェクター細胞および分子の使用に依存する。トラスツズマブ(Herceptin(商標))がそのような例である。免疫エフェクターは、例えば、腫瘍細胞の表面上の一部のマーカーに特異的な抗体であり得る。抗体は、単独で、治療法のエフェクターとして機能し得るか、または他の細胞を動員して実際に細胞殺傷に影響を及ぼし得る。抗体はまた、薬物または毒素(化学療法薬、放射性核種、リシンA鎖、コレラ毒素、百日咳毒素など)とコンジュゲートさせることもでき、単に標的化薬剤として機能する。あるいは、エフェクターは、腫瘍細胞標的と直接または間接的に相互作用する表面分子を担持するリンパ球であり得る。種々のエフェクター細胞としては、細胞傷害性T細胞およびNK細胞が挙げられる。治療法の組み合わせ、すなわち、直接的な細胞傷害活性およびErbB2の阻害または減少は、ErbB2過剰発現がんの治療に治療的利益をもたらし得る。
がんを患う人々のおよそ60%は、防止、診断、または進行度診断、治癒、および緩和目的の手術を含む何らかの種類の手術を受ける。治癒目的の手術は、例えば本発明の治療、化学療法、放射線療法、ホルモン療法、遺伝子療法、免疫療法、および/または代替的な療法などの他の療法と併せて使用され得るがん治療である。
治療の治療効力を向上させるために、他の薬剤が本実施形態のある特定の態様と組み合わせて使用され得ることが企図される。これらのさらなる薬剤には、細胞表面受容体およびGAP接合部の上方制御に影響する薬剤、細胞増殖抑制剤および分化剤、細胞接着の阻害薬、アポトーシス誘導因子に対する過剰増殖性細胞の感受性を増大させる薬剤、または他の生物学的薬剤が含まれる。GAP接合部の数を増加させることによる細胞間シグナル伝達の増大は、近隣の過剰増殖性細胞集団に対する抗過剰増殖作用を増大させ得る。他の実施形態では、細胞増殖抑制剤または分化剤は、治療の抗過剰増殖効力を向上させるために、本実施形態のある特定の態様と組み合わせて使用することができる。細胞接着の阻害剤は、本実施形態の効力を向上させることが企図される。細胞接着阻害剤の例は、焦点接着キナーゼ(FAK)阻害剤およびロバスタチンである。アポトーシスに対する過剰増殖性細胞の感受性を増大させる他の薬剤、例えば抗体c225が、治療効力を向上させるために、本実施形態のある特定の態様と組み合わせて使用され得ることがさらに企図される。
本発明の様々な態様では、治療剤および/または他の治療剤および送達剤を含有するキットが想定される。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明は、本発明の療法を調製および/または施すためのキットを企図する。キットは、本発明の活性なまたは有効な薬剤(複数可)を投与するのに使用することができる試薬を含んでもよい。キットの試薬は、遺伝子発現の少なくとも1つの阻害剤(例えば、BCL2オリゴヌクレオチド)、1つ以上の脂質成分、併用療法の1つ以上の抗がん成分、ならびに本発明の成分を調製、製剤化、および/または投与するか、あるいは本発明の方法の1つ以上のステップを行うための試薬を含んでもよい。
以下の実施例は、本発明の好ましい実施形態を実証するために含まれる。以下の実施例に開示された技術は、本発明の実施でよく機能する、本発明者によって発見された技術を表し、したがって、その実施のための好ましい様式を構成するとみなされ得るのは当業者によって認識されるべきである。しかしながら、当業者であれば、本開示の観点から、開示された具体的な実施形態において多くの変更を加えることができ、本発明の趣旨および範囲から逸脱することなく同様または類似の結果を依然として得ることができると認識すべきである。
BCL2を標的化するオリゴヌクレオチドは、Bcl2の発現を阻害するリポソームBCL2アンチセンス製剤で使用するために設計された。BCL2バリアントアルファの連続したcDNA配列は、配列番号4に提供され、BCL2バリアントアルファのタンパク質配列は、配列番号5に提供される。BCL2バリアントベータの連続したcDNA配列は、配列番号6に提供され、BCL2バリアントベータのタンパク質配列は、配列番号7に提供される。オリゴヌクレオチドのそれぞれの配列を、表4に示す。
リポソームBCL2アンチセンスが正常な末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)の生存率を阻害する能力を、試験した。3倍の洗浄剤を含む配列番号1、1倍の洗浄剤を含む配列番号2、3倍の洗浄剤を含む配列番号2、および1倍の洗浄剤を含む配列番号3のうちの1つに対応するリポソームBCL2アンチセンスは、細胞とともに4日間インキュベートした。図1のデータが示すように、リポソームBCL2アンチセンスとのインキュベーションは、正常なPBMCの細胞生存率を低下させなかった。
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参考文献
以下の参考文献は、本明細書に記載されたものを補足する例示的な手順または他の詳細を提供する範囲で、参照により本明細書に具体的に組み込まれる。
米国特許第4,659,774号
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Claims (29)
- オリゴヌクレオチドの集団を含む組成物であって、前記オリゴヌクレオチドが、BCL2ポリヌクレオチド遺伝子産物にハイブリダイズし、前記集団のオリゴヌクレオチドが、リン酸骨格結合を介して一緒に連結されたヌクレオシド分子からなり、前記リン酸骨格結合の60%~75%が、P-エトキシ骨格結合であり、前記リン酸骨格結合の25%~40%が、ホスホジエステル骨格結合であり、前記集団のオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号1~3のいずれかからなる配列を含み、前記組成物が、リン脂質および界面活性剤をさらに含む、組成物。
- 前記集団のオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号1からなる配列を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドの少なくともヌクレオチド5と6の間、ヌクレオチド7と8の間、ヌクレオチド9と10の間、ヌクレオチド11と12の間、およびヌクレオチド14と15の間の前記リン酸骨格結合が、ホスホジエステル骨格結合である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記集団のオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号2からなる配列を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドの少なくともヌクレオチド5と6の間、ヌクレオチド7と8の間、およびヌクレオチド9と10の間の前記リン酸骨格結合が、ホスホジエステル骨格結合である、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記集団のオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号3からなる配列を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ホスホジエステル骨格結合が、各オリゴヌクレオチド全体に分散している、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ホスホジエステル骨格結合が、各オリゴヌクレオチドの一部内にクラスタ化されていない、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- オリゴヌクレオチドの前記集団が、前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドに存在するP-エトキシ骨格結合およびホスホジエステル骨格結合の数に関して不均一である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチドが、18~30ヌクレオチドの範囲のサイズを有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- オリゴヌクレオチドの前記集団が、単一の種のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- オリゴヌクレオチドの前記集団が、少なくとも2つの種のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- オリゴヌクレオチドの前記集団が、前記集団の前記オリゴヌクレオチド間のホスホジエステル骨格結合の分散に関して不均一である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドおよびリン脂質が、オリゴヌクレオチド-脂質複合体を形成する、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記界面活性剤がポリソルベート20である、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記リン脂質が、帯電していないか、または生理学的pHで中性の電荷を有する、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記リン脂質が、中性リン脂質である、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 前記中性リン脂質が、ホスファチジルコリンである、請求項17に記載の組成物。
- 前記中性リン脂質が、ジオレオイルホスファチジルコリンである、請求項17に記載の組成物。
- 前記リン脂質およびオリゴヌクレオチドが、5:1~100:1のモル比で存在する、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチド-脂質複合体が、リポソームの集団としてさらに定義される、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記リポソームの少なくとも90%が、直径5ミクロン未満である、請求項21に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、凍結乾燥される、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 細胞中のBcl2タンパク質の発現レベルを低減させるための、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の組成物であって、前記細胞が前記組成物と接触させられることを特徴とする、組成物。
- 請求項1~23のいずれか一項に記載の組成物と、薬学的に許容される担体と、を含む、薬学的組成物。
- がんを有する対象を治療するための、請求項25に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記がんが、非小細胞肺がん、膵臓腺がん、乳がん、前立腺がん、黒色腫、結腸がん、白血病、リンパ腫、膠芽腫、骨肉腫、口腔がん、卵巣がん、子宮がん、骨がん、脳がん、前立腺がん、腎臓がん、胃がん、食道がん、直腸がん、膀胱がん、精巣がん、または肝臓がんである、請求項26に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記リンパ腫が、胚中心のB細胞様びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫、活性化されたB細胞様サブタイプびまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫、マントル細胞リンパ腫、またはバーキットリンパ腫である、請求項27に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記白血病が、骨髄性白血病である、請求項27に記載の薬学的組成物。
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