JP7278109B2 - Vibration analysis equipment and abnormality diagnosis system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a vibration analysis device and an abnormality diagnosis system.

Conventionally, a vibration analysis device and an abnormality diagnosis system for analyzing vibration data are known. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-181255 (Patent Document 1) discloses a vibration measurement system that analyzes vibration data of axle bearings of a railway vehicle that moves along rails. In the vibration measurement system, infrared light is triggered on a vibration measurement unit fixed to a railway vehicle so that vibration data is measured in locations where vibrations unrelated to axle bearing abnormalities (disturbance vibrations) are unlikely to occur. A signal is sent. According to the vibration measurement system, since vibration data is measured while avoiding rail joints and branch points where external vibrations are likely to occur, it is possible to improve the accuracy of abnormality diagnosis of axle bearings.

JP 2017-181255 A

In the vibration measurement system disclosed in Patent Literature 1, it is necessary to specify the positions of the joints and branch points of the rails before measuring the vibration data, which may reduce the efficiency of the vibration data measurement work.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of vibration data measurement work while suppressing deterioration in the accuracy of abnormality diagnosis.

A vibration analysis apparatus according to the present invention includes a storage section and a first control section. The storage unit stores first vibration data including a plurality of combinations of measurement times and amplitudes. The first controller analyzes the second vibration data generated from the first vibration data. The first control unit calculates a first threshold value and a second threshold value smaller than the first threshold value from the statistical value of the first vibration data. The first control unit determines that the amplitude of the first vibration data is continuously greater than or equal to the second threshold value and the amplitude of the first vibration data is greater than or equal to the first threshold value during the measurement time period of the first vibration data. Identify at least one specific time period that includes the time of day. The first control unit generates second vibration data in which the amplitude in at least one specific time period is replaced with a specific amplitude smaller than the amplitude in the first vibration data.

According to the vibration analysis apparatus of the present invention, in the first vibration data, the amplitude in at least one specific time period is replaced with a specific amplitude that is smaller than the amplitude. Data measurement work can be made more efficient.

1 is a diagram showing how the vibration measuring device according to Embodiment 1 is fixed to a railway vehicle; FIG. Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the axle bearing of Figure 1; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing how a transmitter transmits a trigger signal toward a rail in the abnormality diagnosis system according to Embodiment 1; 2 is a functional block diagram for explaining the functional configuration of the abnormality diagnosis system according to Embodiment 1; FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the flow of a general abnormality diagnosis method using vibration data; 5 is a flowchart for explaining processing performed by a control unit of the vibration measuring device of FIG. 4; 5 is a flowchart for showing the flow of processing performed in the control unit of the transmission device of FIG. 4; 5 is a diagram for explaining the timing at which vibration measurement by a vibration measuring device is started in the abnormality diagnosis system of FIG. 4; FIG. 4 is a time chart of vibration data including vibration components related to damage to axle bearings and excluding disturbance vibrations; 10 is an FFT spectrum of the vibration data of FIG. 9; 10 is an envelope spectrum of the vibration data of FIG. 9; FIG. 10 is a time chart of vibration data in which disturbance vibration is superimposed on the vibration data of FIG. 9; FIG. 13 is an FFT spectrum of the vibration data of FIG. 12; 13 is an envelope spectrum of the vibration data of FIG. 12; 4 is a flow chart showing the flow of an abnormality diagnosis method according to Embodiment 1; FIG. 16 is a flowchart for explaining specific processing of the disturbance vibration reduction processing of FIG. 15; FIG. 17 is a time chart showing vibration data generated by the envelope processing of FIG. 16; 17 is a time chart showing vibration data generated by the smoothing process of FIG. 16; 4 is a diagram showing together a time chart of vibration data stored in a storage unit and a time chart of vibration data in which disturbance vibration is suppressed from the vibration data; FIG. 19(c) is an FFT spectrum of the vibration data; FIG. Fig. 19(c) is an envelope spectrum of the vibration data shown in Fig. 19(c); FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram for explaining the functional configuration of an abnormality diagnosis system according to a modification of Embodiment 1; 8 is a diagram showing together a time chart of vibration data stored in a storage unit of the vibration analysis apparatus according to Embodiment 2 and a time chart of vibration data in which disturbance vibration is suppressed in the vibration data; FIG. Fig. 23(b) is an FFT spectrum of the vibration data; FIG. 23B is an envelope spectrum of the vibration data shown in FIG. 23(b);

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The same or corresponding parts in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will not be repeated.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing how a vibration measuring device 20 according to Embodiment 1 is fixed to a railway vehicle 10. As shown in FIG. Truck 15 includes two axles 13 . Axle box 11 supports axle bearings (objects) attached to axles 13 . Wheels 12 are attached to both ends of the axle 13 in the axial direction. Since the wheels 12 are rotatably supported by the axle bearings, the railway vehicle 10 can move along two parallel rails 40 (tracks).

The vibration measuring device 20 is fastened to the axle box 11 with bolts 14 . A hexagonal bolt, for example, can be used as the bolt 14 . By being fixed to the axle box 11 , the vibration measuring device 20 can measure the vibration of the axle bearing supported by the axle box 11 , and the vibration measuring device 20 can measure the vibration of the axle bearing at the contact surface between the vibration measuring device 20 and the axle box 11 . Contact resonance that occurs independently of the abnormality of 110 can be reduced. The vibration measurement device 20 starts vibration measurement upon receiving the trigger signal.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional view of axle bearing 110 of FIG. As shown in FIG. 2 , axle bearing 110 includes inner ring 112 , outer ring 114 , retainer 116 and a plurality of rolling elements 118 . Axle bearings 110 include, for example, self-aligning roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, ball bearings, and the like. Axle bearing 110 may be single row or double row.

The inner ring 112 is a rotating ring that is fitted and fixed to the axle 13 and rotates integrally with the axle 13 in the direction of the arrow Dr. The outer ring 114 is a stationary ring arranged on the outer peripheral side of the inner ring 112 .

A plurality of pockets for holding a plurality of rolling elements 118 are provided in the retainer 116 at regular intervals. Cage 116 is arranged between the outer peripheral surface of inner ring 112 and the inner peripheral surface of outer ring 114 while holding a plurality of rolling elements 118 . When the plurality of rolling elements 118 rotate along the inner peripheral surface (raceway surface) of the outer ring 114 as the inner ring 112 rotates, the retainer 116 moves along the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 112 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 114 together with the plurality of rolling elements 118 . Rotate between planes.

Inside axle bearing 110, grease is applied to form an oil film around metallic components (e.g., inner ring 112, outer ring 114, retainer 116, and rolling elements 118) to suppress metal-to-metal contact. Grc is encapsulated.

In the first embodiment and the second embodiment described later, in addition to the vibration measuring device 20 described above, a transmission device that emits a trigger signal to the vibration measuring device 20 and vibration measured by the vibration measuring device 20 An abnormality diagnosis of the axle bearing 110 is performed by an abnormality diagnosis system including a vibration analysis device for analyzing data.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing how the transmission device 30 transmits the trigger signal Trg toward the rail 40 in the abnormality diagnosis system 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram for explaining the functional configuration of the abnormality diagnosis system 100 according to Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4 , abnormality diagnosis system 100 includes vibration measuring device 20 , transmitting device 30 that transmits trigger signal Trg, and vibration analyzing device 400 . Vibration analysis apparatus 400 includes, for example, a PC (Personal Computer) in which vibration analysis software is installed.

The transmitter 30 transmits the trigger signal Trg. The vibration measuring device 20 receives the trigger signal Trg transmitted from the transmitting device 30 . As the trigger signal Trg, for example, infrared light or radio waves (electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 3 million megahertz (3 terahertz) or less) can be used.

When infrared light is used as the trigger signal Trg, communication from the transmission device 30 to the vibration measurement device 20 can be performed using infrared communication. The wavelength of the infrared light emitted by the transmitter 30 is, for example, 870 nm to 1000 nm. Examples of the infrared communication format include the NEC (registered trademark) format, the Association for Electric Home Appliances (AEHA) format, and the SONY (registered trademark) format. The transmitter 30 emits infrared light while turning the intensity of the infrared light on and off at a carrier frequency of a predetermined frequency (for example, 30 kHz to 50 kHz). By modulating the emitted infrared light with the carrier frequency in this way, it is possible to emit infrared light having an intensity higher than the noise level while suppressing the power required to emit the infrared light.

The vibration measuring device 20 includes a control section 210 (second control section), a receiving section 220 , a vibration sensor 230 , a storage section 240 and a power supply section 250 . If the trigger signal Trg is infrared light, the receiver 220 includes an infrared sensor.

Control unit 210 stores the vibration data from vibration sensor 230 in storage unit 240 when receiving unit 220 receives trigger signal Trg. Control unit 210 includes a computer such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a volatile memory. Vibration sensor 230 includes, for example, an acceleration sensor. Vibration sensor 230 measures vibration data as a plurality of combinations of sampling time (measurement time) and amplitude (eg, acceleration).

Storage unit 240 includes a non-volatile memory 300 such as an SD card or USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory that is detachable from vibration measuring device 20 and vibration analyzing device 400 . Data stored in the storage unit 240 can be retrieved by the nonvolatile memory 300 . Storage unit 240 stores an OS (Operating System) read and executed by control unit 210, various application programs (for example, a vibration measurement control program using infrared light as a trigger signal Trg), and a program used by the program. Various data are saved. Storage unit 240 may include, for example, a flash memory that is a nonvolatile semiconductor memory, or a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) that is a storage device. The data stored in the storage unit 240 may be transferred to the vibration analysis device 400 through a wired connection.

The power supply unit 250 supplies power from a battery (not shown) to loads such as the control unit 210 , the receiving unit 220 , the vibration sensor 230 and the storage unit 240 .

Vibration analysis apparatus 400 includes control unit 410 (first control unit), storage unit 420 , input unit 430 , and display unit 440 . Control unit 410 performs abnormality diagnosis of axle bearing 110 using vibration data (first vibration data) stored in storage unit 420 . The control unit 410 controls each unit of the vibration analysis device 400 according to the user's input to the input unit 430 . Input unit 430 includes, for example, a keyboard, mouse, or touch panel. Control unit 410 displays windows and execution results of various applications on display unit 440 .

A non-volatile memory 300 in which vibration data measured by the vibration measuring device 20 is stored is attached to the storage unit 420 . Storage unit 420 stores an OS (Operating System) read and executed by control unit 410, various application programs (for example, a vibration analysis program), and various data used by the programs. Storage unit 420 may include, for example, a flash memory that is a nonvolatile semiconductor memory, or a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) that is a storage device.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the flow of a general abnormality diagnosis method using vibration data. A step is simply denoted as S below. As shown in FIG. 5, vibration data is measured at S1. Subsequently, in S2, frequency analysis of the vibration data is performed. Finally, in S3, abnormality diagnosis of the axle bearing 110 is performed by determining whether or not the peak value of the frequency analysis exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the processing performed by the control section 210 of the vibration measuring device 20 of FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the control unit 210 performs an initialization process in S101 and advances the process to S102. In the initialization process, for example, the CPU and volatile memory included in control unit 210 are initialized. The control unit 210 determines whether or not the trigger signal Trg has been received in S102. If the trigger signal Trg has been received (YES in S102), the vibration data measured by the vibration sensor 230 is stored in the storage unit 240 in S103, and the process returns to S102.

If the trigger signal Trg has not been received (NO in S102), the process proceeds to S104. The control unit 210 determines whether or not the user has performed a measurement end operation in S104. The operation for ending the measurement is, for example, a switch operation. If the measurement end operation has not been performed (NO in S104), control unit 210 returns the process to S102. If the measurement end operation has been performed (YES in S104), control unit 210 ends the process.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the flow of processing performed in the control section of the transmission device 30 of FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, the control unit of the transmission device 30 performs initialization processing in S111, and advances the processing to S112. The control unit of the transmission device 30 transmits the trigger signal Trg in S112, and advances the process to S113. The control unit of the transmission device 30 determines whether or not the user has performed a transmission end operation in S113. A transmission end operation is, for example, a switch operation. If the user has not performed a transmission end operation (NO in S113), the process returns to S112. If the user has performed a transmission end operation (YES in S113), the control unit of transmitting device 30 ends the process.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the timing at which vibration measurement by the vibration measuring device 20 is started in the abnormality diagnosis system 100 of FIG. In FIG. 8, an arrow M1 indicates the traveling direction of the railcar 10. As shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 8, rail 40 has a joint G1 and a joint G2. The transmitter 30 is spaced apart from the joint G1 along the rail 40 in the direction opposite to the traveling direction M1. The transmitter 30 transmits a trigger signal Trg toward a specific point P1 on the rail 40. FIG. The joint G2 is formed along the rail 40 so as to be separated from the joint G1 in the traveling direction M1.

The railcar 10 shown in FIG. 8A travels in the traveling direction M1. In FIG. 8B, the leading vibration measuring device 20 receives the trigger signal Trg and starts vibration measurement. As the railway vehicle 10 moves, the subsequent vibration measuring devices 20 sequentially receive the trigger signal Trg and start vibration measurement.

As shown in FIG. 8, rails 40 typically have seams or bifurcations. When the railway vehicle 10 passes through the joints or branching points of the rails 40, there are steps at the joints or branching points of the rails 40, so the vibration waveform has a larger amplitude than when passing through the flat portion of the rails 40. (shock waveform) often occurs. The shock waveform is disturbance vibration unrelated to the abnormality of the axle bearing 110 .

FIG. 9 is a time chart of vibration data that includes vibration components related to damage to axle bearing 110 and does not include disturbance vibration. FIG. 10 is an FFT spectrum obtained by performing FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the vibration data of FIG. FIG. 11 is an envelope spectrum obtained by performing FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) after performing envelope processing on the vibration data of FIG.

The vibration data shown in FIG. 9 is vibration data in which a 400 Hz sine wave modulated at 7 Hz is superimposed with a 25 Hz shock waveform simulated as vibration generated from damage to the axle bearing 110 . As shown in FIG. 9, a shock waveform exceeding the acceleration A1 is generated at a period of 0.04 (=1/25) seconds. As shown in FIG. 11, when the vibration data does not include disturbance vibration, the modulation component is 7 Hz, the damage frequency component of the axle bearing 110 is 25 Hz, and the damage frequency harmonic components are 50 Hz and 75 Hz. The resulting peaks can be detected.

FIG. 12 is a time chart of vibration data in which disturbance vibration is superimposed on the vibration data of FIG. FIG. 13 is an FFT spectrum of the vibration data of FIG. FIG. 14 is the envelope spectrum of the vibration data of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 12, disturbance vibration occurs in the time period t1-t2, the time period t3-t4, and the time period t5-t6. A comparison of FIGS. 12 and 9 shows that the maximum amplitude of vibration generated from bearing damage (about 3 m/s ² ) is negligibly small compared to the maximum amplitude of disturbance vibration (about 130 m/s ² ). 13 and 10, the peak shown in FIG. 13 is larger than the peak shown in FIG. 10 over almost the entire frequency band shown in both, due to the influence of disturbance vibration. Since the peaks due to the bearing damage are buried in the peaks due to the disturbance vibration, it is difficult to confirm each peak as shown in FIG. 11 in FIG.

Therefore, when measuring the vibration data of the axle bearing 110, the trigger signal Trg is transmitted to the vibration measuring device 20 so that the vibration data is measured while avoiding joints and branch points of the rail where disturbance vibration is likely to occur. is desirable. However, in order to measure the vibration data while avoiding the joints and branch points, it is necessary to identify the positions of the joints and branch points of the rail 40 before measuring the vibration data. As a result, the efficiency of the operation of measuring vibration data may decrease.

Therefore, in the abnormality diagnosis system 100, as shown in FIG. 15, processing (S20) is performed to reduce the disturbance vibration contained in the measured vibration data. According to the abnormality diagnosis system 100, since it is not necessary to specify the positions of the joints and branch points of the rail 40 before measuring the vibration data, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the vibration data measurement work while suppressing the deterioration of the accuracy of the abnormality diagnosis. can do.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart for explaining specific processing of the disturbance vibration reduction processing (S20) of FIG. The processing shown in FIG. 16 is performed by the control unit 410 of the vibration analysis apparatus 400 of FIG. The processing shown in FIG. 16 is called from the main routine (not shown) of the vibration analysis software. In the description of the disturbance vibration reduction process (S20) in FIG. 15, FIG. 16 is mainly referred to, and FIGS. 17 to 21 are also referred to as needed.

As shown in FIG. 16, in S201, the control unit 410 performs envelope processing on the vibration data stored in the storage unit 420 to generate vibration data as shown in FIG. 17(a). , the process proceeds to S202. In S202, the control unit 410 performs smoothing processing on the vibration data generated in S201 to remove high frequency components from the vibration data, generates data as shown in FIG. to S203.

In S203, control unit 410 sets two threshold values Th1 (first threshold value) and Th2 (second threshold value) for detecting a time zone in which disturbance vibration occurs, and sets threshold value Th1 (second threshold value) to S202. is calculated from the statistical values of the vibration data generated in step S204, and the process proceeds to S204. Threshold Th2 is smaller than threshold Th1. Thresholds Th1 and Th2 are greater than zero. For example, the threshold Th1 is three times the standard deviation of the amplitude of the vibration data. For example, the threshold Th2 is three times the median absolute deviation of the amplitudes of the vibration data (the median of the absolute values obtained by subtracting the median of all amplitudes from each amplitude).

In S204, control unit 410 specifies a time period including disturbance vibration, and advances the process to S205. The processing performed in S204 will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 18 is a time chart showing vibration data generated by the smoothing process (S202) of FIG. FIG. 18(b) is an enlarged view of the portion of FIG. 18(a) where the amplitude ranges from 0 to 3. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 18A, control unit 410 specifies time periods t11 to t12, time periods t13 to t14, and time periods t15 to t16 in which the amplitude of vibration data is equal to or greater than threshold Th1. The amplitude at each of times t11 to t16 reaches threshold Th1.

As shown in FIG. 18(b), the control unit 410 controls the time period including the time when the amplitude of the vibration data is continuously equal to or greater than the threshold value Th2 and the amplitude of the vibration data is equal to or greater than the threshold value Th1. Each of t21 to t22 (specific time period), time period t23 to t24 (specific time period), and time period t25 to t26 (specific time period) is identified as a time period containing disturbance vibration. The amplitude at each of times t21 to t26 reaches threshold Th2. The time period t21-t22 includes the time period t11-t12. The time period t23-t24 includes the time period t13-t14. The time period t25-t26 includes the time period t15-t16.

In S205, control unit 410 converts the vibration data stored in storage unit 420 to vibration data (first 2 vibration data) and returns the processing to the main routine. That is, control unit 410 performs mask processing on vibration data in each of time periods t21 to t22, t23 to t24, and t25 to t26. Note that the absolute value of the specific amplitude need not be 0 as long as it is smaller than the threshold Th2.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing together a time chart of vibration data stored in the storage unit 420 and a time chart of vibration data in which disturbance vibration is suppressed from the vibration data. FIG. 19(a) is a time chart of vibration data including disturbance vibration. The vibration data of FIG. 19(a) is vibration data substantially similar to the vibration data shown in FIG. FIG. 19(b) is a time chart of vibration data obtained by removing disturbance vibration from the vibration data of FIG. 19(a). FIG. 19(c) is an enlarged view of the portion of FIG. 19(b) where the acceleration is -5 to 5 (m/s ² ).

FIG. 20 is the FFT spectrum of the vibration data shown in FIG. 19(c). Comparing FIG. 20 and FIG. 13, the peak shown in FIG. 20 is reduced more than the peak shown in FIG. 13 in almost the entire frequency band shown in both. In particular, the peak reduction in the frequency band of 1000-6000 Hz is remarkable.

FIG. 21 is the envelope spectrum of the vibration data shown in FIG. 19(c). As shown in FIG. 21, in the vibration data from which the disturbance vibration has been removed, similar to the vibration data without disturbance vibration (see FIG. 11), the modulation component of 7 Hz and the damage frequency of the axle bearing 110 are It is possible to detect peaks occurring at 25 Hz, which is a component, and 50 Hz and 75 Hz, which are harmonic components of the damage frequency.

Vibration analysis device 400 calculates rotation frequency Fr (Hz) of axle 13 using the moving speed of railcar 10 and the diameter of wheel 12 . Vibration analysis device 400 determines the pass frequency Fi of rolling element 118 with respect to inner ring 112, the pass frequency Fo of rolling element 118 with respect to outer ring 114, and the rotation frequency Fb of rolling element 118 based on the following equations (1) to (3). Calculate

Fi=(Fr/2)×(1+(d/D)×cos α)×z (1)
Fo=(Fr/2)×(1−(d/D)×cos α)×z (2)
Fb=(Fr/2)×(D/d)(1−(d/D)2×cos2α) (3)
In the formulas (1) to (3), the diameter d (mm) of the rolling element 118, the pitch circle diameter D (mm), the contact angle α, and the number of rolling elements z are used as the specifications of the axle bearing 110. Also, each frequency of the n-th order (n is a natural number) can be expressed as n×Fi, n×Fo, and n×Fb, respectively.

Vibration analysis device 400 performs abnormality diagnosis of axle bearing 110 using vibration data in which disturbance vibration is suppressed. Specifically, vibration analysis device 400 uses rotation frequency Fr, pass frequency Fi, pass frequency Fo, and rotation frequency Fb to determine the presence or absence of damage to axle bearing 110 and the location of the damage.

In the abnormality diagnosis system 100, the vibration data measured by the vibration measurement device 20 is transferred to the vibration analysis device 400 via the non-volatile memory 300 detachable from the vibration measurement device 20 and the vibration analysis device 400. explained. The vibration data measured by the vibration measurement device 20 may be transmitted to the vibration analysis device 400 via wireless communication.

FIG. 22 is a functional block diagram for explaining the functional configuration of the abnormality diagnosis system 100A according to the modification of the first embodiment. The configuration of the abnormality diagnosis system 100A is a configuration in which the vibration analysis device 400 and the vibration measurement device 20 of FIG. 4 are replaced with a vibration analysis device 400A and a vibration measurement device 20A, respectively. Vibration analysis apparatus 400A has a configuration in which communication unit 450 is added to the configuration of vibration analysis apparatus 400 in FIG. 4, and control unit 410 is replaced with control unit 411 (first control unit). Vibration measurement device 20A has a configuration in which communication unit 260 is added to the configuration of vibration measurement device 20 in FIG. 4, and control unit 210 is replaced with control unit 211 (second control unit). Since they are the same except for these, the description will not be repeated.

As shown in FIG. 22, the control unit 211 controls the communication unit 260 to transmit the vibration data stored in the storage unit 240 to the vibration analysis device 400A by wireless communication. Control unit 411 stores the vibration data received by communication unit 450 in storage unit 420 .

As described above, according to the vibration measuring device and the abnormality diagnosis system according to the first embodiment and the modified example, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the vibration data measurement work while suppressing deterioration in the accuracy of abnormality diagnosis.

[Embodiment 2]
In Embodiment 1, the case where the amplitude of the time slot|zone is replaced with 0 as processing which suppresses the amplitude of the vibration data of the time slot|zone containing disturbance vibration was demonstrated. In Embodiment 2, a case will be described in which the amplitude of the time period is reduced to approximately the average value of the amplitudes of the vibration data.

In the first embodiment, all the amplitudes are set to 0 during the time periods when disturbance vibrations occur. Therefore, there is a possibility that information on the amplitude contained in the relevant time period, which is necessary for frequency analysis, may be lost due to the disturbance vibration reduction processing. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the amplitude information is not completely lost even by the disturbance vibration reduction processing. According to the second embodiment, it is possible to reduce the loss of information necessary for frequency analysis in the process of reducing disturbance vibration, so that the accuracy of abnormality diagnosis can be improved more than the first embodiment.

The specific amplitude in the second embodiment is the amplitude obtained by multiplying the normalized amplitude of the disturbance vibration by the average value of the absolute values of the amplitudes of the vibration data including the disturbance vibration. Since it is the same as the first embodiment except for the specific amplitude, the description will not be repeated.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing together a time chart of vibration data stored in storage unit 420 and a time chart of vibration data in which disturbance vibration is suppressed in the vibration data. FIG. 23(a) is similar to FIG. 19(a). FIG. 23(b) is a time chart of vibration data obtained by reducing disturbance vibration in the vibration data of FIG. 23(a). The acceleration Av in FIG. 23(b) is the average value of the amplitude (acceleration) of the vibration data in FIG. 23(a).

In S205 of FIG. 16, the control unit of the vibration analysis apparatus according to Embodiment 2 corresponds to the measurement time included in each of the time periods t21 to t22, t23 to t24, and t25 to t26 of FIG. Normalize the amplitude. The controller multiplies each amplitude of the normalized disturbance vibrations by the average value Av to generate vibration data shown in FIG. 23(b).

FIG. 24 is the FFT spectrum of the vibration data shown in FIG. 23(b). A comparison between FIG. 24 and FIG. 20 reveals that substantially the same peaks appear in both, although the reduced disturbance vibration remains in the second embodiment.

FIG. 25 is the envelope spectrum of the vibration data shown in FIG. 23(b). Comparing FIG. 25 and FIG. 21, the peak in FIG. 25 is clearer than the peak in FIG. 21 with respect to the peak occurring at 7 Hz, which is the modulation component. The peaks occurring at 25 Hz, which is the damage frequency component of the axle bearing 110, and at 50 Hz and 75 Hz, which are harmonic components of the damage frequency, are almost the same.

As described above, according to the vibration measuring device and the abnormality diagnosis system according to the second embodiment, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the vibration data measurement work while suppressing deterioration in the accuracy of abnormality diagnosis. Further, according to the vibration measuring device and the abnormality diagnosis system according to the second embodiment, the accuracy of abnormality diagnosis can be improved more than the vibration measuring device and the abnormality diagnosis system according to the first embodiment.

It is also planned that the embodiments disclosed this time will be appropriately combined and implemented within a non-contradictory range. It should be considered that the embodiments disclosed this time are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the scope of the claims rather than the above description, and is intended to include all modifications within the scope and meaning of equivalents of the scope of the claims.

10 railcar, 11 axle box, 12 wheel, 13 axle, 14 bolt, 15 bogie, 20, 20A vibration measuring device, 30 transmitting device, 100, 100A abnormality diagnosis system 110 axle bearing, 112 inner ring, 114 outer ring, 116 retainer , 118 rolling elements, 210, 211, 410, 411 control section, 220 receiving section, 230 vibration sensor, 240, 420 storage section, 250 power supply section, 260, 450 communication section, 300 non-volatile memory, 400, 400A vibration analysis device , 430 input section, 440 display section.

Claims (11)

a storage unit storing first vibration data including a plurality of combinations of measurement times and amplitudes;
a first control unit that analyzes second vibration data generated from the first vibration data;
The first control unit is
A first threshold is calculated from statistical values including standard deviations of amplitudes of the first vibration data, and is smaller than the first threshold from statistical values including median absolute deviations of amplitudes of the first vibration data. calculating a second threshold;
During the measurement time period of the first vibration data, the amplitude of the first vibration data continues to be equal to or greater than the second threshold value, and the amplitude of the first vibration data is equal to or greater than the first threshold value. identifying at least one specific time period containing the time of day;
A vibration analysis device that generates the second vibration data in which the amplitude in the at least one specific time period is replaced with a specific amplitude smaller than the amplitude in the first vibration data. For each of the at least one specific time period, the amplitude of the first vibration data reaches the second threshold at the start time and the end time of the specific time period, and the start time and the end time 2. The vibration analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the second threshold value is greater than the second threshold value at a time between . 3. The vibration analysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said specific amplitude is zero. a storage unit storing first vibration data including a plurality of combinations of measurement times and amplitudes;
a first control unit that analyzes second vibration data generated from the first vibration data;
The first control unit is
calculating a first threshold value and a second threshold value smaller than the first threshold value from the statistics of the first vibration data;
During the measurement time period of the first vibration data, the amplitude of the first vibration data continues to be equal to or greater than the second threshold value, and the amplitude of the first vibration data is equal to or greater than the first threshold value. identifying at least one specific time period containing the time of day;
generating the second vibration data in which the amplitude in the at least one specific time period is replaced with a specific amplitude smaller than the amplitude in the first vibration data;
The specific amplitude is an amplitude obtained by multiplying the normalized amplitude corresponding to the measurement time included in each of the at least one specific time period by the average value of the absolute values of the amplitudes of the first vibration data. Vibration analyzer. a storage unit storing first vibration data including a plurality of combinations of measurement times and amplitudes;
a first control unit that analyzes second vibration data generated from the first vibration data;
The first control unit is
calculating a first threshold value and a second threshold value smaller than the first threshold value from the statistics of the first vibration data;
During the measurement time period of the first vibration data, the amplitude of the first vibration data continues to be equal to or greater than the second threshold value, and the amplitude of the first vibration data is equal to or greater than the first threshold value. identifying at least one specific time period containing the time of day;
generating the second vibration data in which the amplitude in the at least one specific time period is replaced with a specific amplitude smaller than the amplitude in the first vibration data;
the first threshold is a constant multiple of the standard deviation of the first vibration data;
The vibration analysis device, wherein the second threshold is a constant multiple of the central absolute deviation of the first vibration data. A vibration analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ;
a vibration measurement device fixed to an object moving along a trajectory;
a transmitting device that transmits a trigger signal toward the orbit,
The vibration measuring device is
a vibration sensor that measures vibration data of the object;
a receiver that receives the trigger signal;
and a second control unit that stores vibration data of the object measured after the measurement start time at which the receiving unit receives the trigger signal. 7. The abnormality diagnosis system according to claim 6 , wherein said trigger signal is infrared light. 7. The abnormality diagnosis system according to claim 6 , wherein said trigger signal is radio waves. 9. The abnormality diagnosis system according to any one of claims 6 to 8 , wherein said storage unit is detachably attached to said vibration measurement device and said vibration analysis device. The abnormality according to any one of claims 6 to 8 , wherein the vibration measurement device further includes a communication unit that wirelessly transmits vibration data of the object measured after the measurement start time to the vibration analysis device. diagnostic system. The object is an axle bearing that rotatably supports an axle of a railway vehicle,
the axle bearing includes a plurality of rolling elements configured to rotate along the outer peripheral surface of the axle;
The vibration analysis device calculates the rotation frequency of the axle using the moving speed of the railroad vehicle and the diameter of the wheel of the railroad vehicle, performs frequency analysis of the second vibration data, and determines the rotation frequency and the axle bearing. Using the passing frequency of the plurality of rolling elements and the rotation frequency of the plurality of rolling elements calculated using the specifications of claims 6 to 11. The abnormality diagnosis system according to any one of 10 .

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