JP7269865B2 - Exhaust gas treatment device and exhaust gas treatment method - Google Patents

Exhaust gas treatment device and exhaust gas treatment method Download PDF

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JP7269865B2
JP7269865B2 JP2019192057A JP2019192057A JP7269865B2 JP 7269865 B2 JP7269865 B2 JP 7269865B2 JP 2019192057 A JP2019192057 A JP 2019192057A JP 2019192057 A JP2019192057 A JP 2019192057A JP 7269865 B2 JP7269865 B2 JP 7269865B2
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exhaust gas
mercury
adsorbent
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通孝 古林
常平 山本
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
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Description

本発明は、排ガス処理装置および排ガス処理方法に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment apparatus and an exhaust gas treatment method.

都市ごみ等の廃棄物を焼却した場合に、水銀を含む排ガスが発生することがある。この場合、排ガス中の水銀を除去するため、活性炭等の水銀吸着剤が排ガスに供給される。排ガス処理装置における通常の動作では、水銀吸着剤の供給量が、水銀濃度に基づいて制御される。 Exhaust gas containing mercury may be generated when waste such as municipal waste is incinerated. In this case, a mercury adsorbent such as activated carbon is supplied to the exhaust gas to remove the mercury in the exhaust gas. In normal operation of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus, the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent is controlled based on the mercury concentration.

なお、特許文献１では、水銀と無水硫酸（ＳＯ３）の共存下において、無水硫酸が活性炭に対して優先的に吸着することが記載されている。また、排ガス中に塩基性物質を投入して、排ガス中の無水硫酸を除去した後に、活性炭を使用する手法が開示されている。これにより、排ガス中の水銀を効果的に活性炭に吸着させることが可能となる。 Patent Document 1 describes that sulfuric anhydride preferentially adsorbs to activated carbon in the presence of mercury and sulfuric anhydride (SO 3 ). Also, a technique is disclosed in which activated carbon is used after removing anhydrous sulfuric acid from the flue gas by introducing a basic substance into the flue gas. This makes it possible to effectively adsorb mercury in the exhaust gas to the activated carbon.

特許第５１９８７８６号公報Japanese Patent No. 5198786

ところで、排ガス処理装置では、排ガス中に無水硫酸が存在する場合以外にも、排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることができない場合がある。 By the way, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus, there are cases where the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas cannot be appropriately reduced even when anhydrous sulfuric acid is present in the exhaust gas.

本発明は上記課題に鑑みなされたものであり、排ガス処理装置において排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることを目的としている。 The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to appropriately reduce the mercury concentration of exhaust gas in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus.

請求項１に記載の発明は、排ガス処理装置であって、排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、前記排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御するとともに、前記一酸化炭素濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記一酸化炭素濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する制御部とを備える。
請求項２に記載の発明は、排ガス処理装置であって、排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、前記排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、前記水銀吸着剤よりも水銀の吸着性能が高い他の水銀吸着剤を前記煙道に供給可能な他の吸着剤供給部と、前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御するとともに、前記一酸化炭素濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記一酸化炭素濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも、前記他の吸着剤供給部による前記他の水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する制御部とを備える。
請求項３に記載の発明は、排ガス処理装置であって、排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、前記排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御するとともに、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する制御部とを備える。
請求項４に記載の発明は、排ガス処理装置であって、排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、前記排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、前記水銀吸着剤よりも水銀の吸着性能が高い他の水銀吸着剤を前記煙道に供給可能な他の吸着剤供給部と、前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御するとともに、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも、前記他の吸着剤供給部による前記他の水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する制御部とを備える。 The invention according to claim 1 is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus comprising: an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the flue gas flows; and an adsorbent that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue. a mercury concentration meter that measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas; a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration of the exhaust gas; In a first state in which the amount of the mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit is controlled, and in which the carbon monoxide concentration is equal to or greater than the threshold value, in a second state in which the carbon monoxide concentration is less than the threshold value, and a controller for increasing the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, comprising: an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the flue gas flows; and an adsorbent that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue. a mercury concentration meter that measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas; a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration of the exhaust gas; and a mercury adsorption performance higher than that of the mercury adsorbent. Another adsorbent supply unit capable of supplying another mercury adsorbent with a high concentration to the flue, and controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent by the adsorbent supply unit based on the mercury concentration, and controlling the monoxide In a first state in which the carbon concentration is equal to or higher than the threshold, the amount of the other mercury adsorbent supplied by the other adsorbent supply unit is increased more than in a second state in which the carbon monoxide concentration is less than the threshold. and a control unit.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, comprising: an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows; and an adsorbent that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue. a mercury concentration meter that measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas; a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas; and the adsorbent supply unit based on the mercury concentration. in a first state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is equal to or higher than a threshold value, the supply of the mercury adsorbent is higher than in a second state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is less than the threshold value. and a control for increasing the volume.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, comprising: an adsorbent supplying unit that supplies mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows; and an adsorbent that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue. a mercury concentration meter that measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas; a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas; Another adsorbent supply unit capable of supplying another high mercury adsorbent to the flue, controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent by the adsorbent supply unit based on the mercury concentration, and controlling the sulfur dioxide concentration is greater than or equal to the threshold, the control unit for increasing the supply amount of the other mercury adsorbent by the other adsorbent supply unit than in the second state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is less than the threshold and

請求項５に記載の発明は、請求項１または２に記載の排ガス処理装置であって、前記濃度取得部が、前記吸着剤捕集部に対して前記排ガスの流れ方向上流側における前記排ガスの酸素濃度を測定する酸素濃度計を有し、前記酸素濃度計を用いて前記一酸化炭素濃度を間接的に取得する。 The invention according to claim 5 is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration acquisition unit is located on the upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas with respect to the adsorbent collection unit. It has an oxygen concentration meter for measuring the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, and indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration using the oxygen concentration meter.

請求項６に記載の発明は、請求項３または４に記載の排ガス処理装置であって、前記吸着剤捕集部に対して前記排ガスの流れ方向下流側に設けられるとともに、前記排ガス中の硫黄酸化物を除去する脱硫部をさらに備える。
請求項７に記載の発明は、請求項１ないし６のいずれか１つに記載の排ガス処理装置であって、前記水銀濃度計が、前記吸着剤捕集部に対して前記排ガスの流れ方向上流側における前記排ガスの前記水銀濃度を測定する。 The invention according to claim 6 is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 3 or 4 , wherein the adsorbent collection unit is provided downstream in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and the It further comprises a desulfurization section that removes sulfur oxides.
The invention according to claim 7 is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mercury concentration meter is arranged upstream of the adsorbent collecting part in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. measuring the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas at the side.

請求項８に記載の発明は、排ガス処理装置における排ガス処理方法であって、前記排ガス処理装置が、排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、前記排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部とを備え、前記排ガス処理方法が、ａ）前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御する工程と、ｂ）前記一酸化炭素濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記一酸化炭素濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する工程とを備える。
請求項９に記載の発明は、排ガス処理装置における排ガス処理方法であって、前記排ガス処理装置が、排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、前記排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、前記水銀吸着剤よりも水銀の吸着性能が高い他の水銀吸着剤を前記煙道に供給可能な他の吸着剤供給部とを備え、前記排ガス処理方法が、ａ）前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御する工程と、ｂ）前記一酸化炭素濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記一酸化炭素濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも、前記他の吸着剤供給部による前記他の水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する工程とを備える。
請求項１０に記載の発明は、排ガス処理装置における排ガス処理方法であって、前記排ガス処理装置が、排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、前記排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部とを備え、前記排ガス処理方法が、ａ）前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御する工程と、ｂ）前記二酸化硫黄濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する工程とを備える。
請求項１１に記載の発明は、排ガス処理装置における排ガス処理方法であって、前記排ガス処理装置が、排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、前記排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、前記水銀吸着剤よりも水銀の吸着性能が高い他の水銀吸着剤を前記煙道に供給可能な他の吸着剤供給部とを備え、前記排ガス処理方法が、ａ）前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御する工程と、ｂ）前記二酸化硫黄濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも、前記他の吸着剤供給部による前記他の水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する工程とを備える。
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust gas treatment method in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, wherein the exhaust gas treatment apparatus includes an adsorbent supply section that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows, and the flue. an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent, a mercury concentration meter that measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas, and a concentration that directly or indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration of the exhaust gas an acquisition unit, wherein the exhaust gas treatment method includes: a) controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent by the adsorbent supply unit based on the mercury concentration; and b) the carbon monoxide concentration being equal to or higher than a threshold. increasing the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent in the first state than in the second state in which the carbon monoxide concentration is less than the threshold value.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust gas treatment method in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, wherein the exhaust gas treatment apparatus includes an adsorbent supply section that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows, and the flue. an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent, a mercury concentration meter that measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas, and a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration of the exhaust gas; and another adsorbent supply unit capable of supplying another mercury adsorbent having a higher mercury adsorption performance than the mercury adsorbent to the flue, wherein the exhaust gas treatment method comprises: a) the above mercury concentration based on the mercury concentration; b) controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent by the adsorbent supply unit; and increasing the supply amount of the other mercury adsorbent by the other adsorbent supply unit than the state.
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust gas treatment method in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, wherein the exhaust gas treatment apparatus includes an adsorbent supply section that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows, and the flue. an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent, a mercury concentration meter that measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas, and a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas. , the exhaust gas treatment method includes a) controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent by the adsorbent supply unit based on the mercury concentration, and b) in a first state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is equal to or higher than a threshold value. and increasing the supply amount of the mercury sorbent compared to a second state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is less than the threshold.
According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust gas treatment method in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, wherein the exhaust gas treatment apparatus includes an adsorbent supply section that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows, and the flue. an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent in the and another adsorbent supply unit capable of supplying another mercury adsorbent having a higher mercury adsorption performance than the mercury adsorbent to the flue, wherein the exhaust gas treatment method comprises: a) the adsorption based on the mercury concentration; and b) in a first state where the sulfur dioxide concentration is equal to or greater than a threshold value, compared to a second state where the sulfur dioxide concentration is less than the threshold value. and increasing the amount of the other mercury adsorbent supplied by the other adsorbent supply unit.

本発明によれば、排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度が高く、水銀吸着剤が水銀を吸着しにくい状態であっても、排ガス処理装置において排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, even if the concentration of carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas is high and the mercury adsorbent is in a state where it is difficult for the mercury adsorbent to adsorb mercury, the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas can be appropriately reduced in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus. .

第１実施形態に係る焼却設備の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the incineration equipment which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 排ガス処理装置における排ガス処理の流れを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the flow of exhaust gas processing in an exhaust gas processing apparatus. 第２実施形態に係る排ガス処理装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the waste gas processing apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. 第３実施形態に係る排ガス処理装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the waste gas processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment.

（第１実施形態）
図１は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る焼却設備１の構成を示す図である。焼却設備１は、都市ごみ等の廃棄物を焼却処理する設備である。焼却設備１は、焼却炉２１と、煙道３と、排ガス処理装置４と、煙突２２とを備える。焼却炉２１では、廃棄物の燃焼と、廃棄物から発生した可燃性ガスの燃焼とが行われる。煙道３は、焼却炉２１と煙突２２とを接続するガス流路である。図１では、煙道３を太い実線にて示している。排ガス処理装置４は、煙道３に設けられる。煙道３には、図示省略の誘引通風機も設けられる。当該誘引通風機により、焼却炉２１にて発生する排ガス（燃焼ガス）が煙道３へと排出され、排ガス処理装置４を介して煙突２２へと導かれる。焼却設備１では、排ガスが煙道３内を流れつつ、排ガス処理装置４により排ガスに対して所定の処理が行われる。以下の説明では、煙突２２の内部も煙道３の一部と捉えられるものとする。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an incineration facility 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The incineration facility 1 is a facility for incinerating waste such as municipal waste. The incineration facility 1 includes an incinerator 21 , a flue 3 , an exhaust gas treatment device 4 and a chimney 22 . The incinerator 21 burns waste and combustible gas generated from the waste. The flue 3 is a gas flow path connecting the incinerator 21 and the chimney 22 . In FIG. 1, the flue 3 is indicated by a thick solid line. The exhaust gas treatment device 4 is provided in the flue 3 . An induced draft fan (not shown) is also provided in the flue 3 . Exhaust gas (combustion gas) generated in the incinerator 21 is discharged into the flue 3 by the induced draft fan and guided to the chimney 22 via the exhaust gas treatment device 4 . In the incineration facility 1 , the flue gas is subjected to predetermined treatment by the flue gas treatment device 4 while the flue gas flows through the flue 3 . In the following description, it is assumed that the inside of the chimney 22 is also considered part of the flue 3 .

排ガス処理装置４は、制御部４０と、吸着剤供給部４１と、バグフィルタ４２と、上流側水銀濃度計４５と、下流側水銀濃度計４６と、一酸化炭素（ＣＯ）濃度計４７と、二酸化硫黄（ＳＯ２）濃度計４８とを備える。なお、図１中にて破線で囲む特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａは、後述の他の処理例で用いられる構成である。 The exhaust gas treatment device 4 includes a control unit 40, an adsorbent supply unit 41, a bag filter 42, an upstream mercury concentration meter 45, a downstream mercury concentration meter 46, a carbon monoxide (CO) concentration meter 47, and a sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) concentration meter 48 . Note that the special adsorbent supply unit 41a surrounded by a dashed line in FIG. 1 is a configuration used in other processing examples described later.

制御部４０は、例えば、ＣＰＵ等を備えるコンピュータであり、排ガス処理装置４の全体制御を担う。制御部４０は、焼却設備１の制御部を兼ねてもよい。バグフィルタ４２は、煙道３に設けられる。煙道３では、バグフィルタ４２よりも上流側（焼却炉２１側）に、上流側水銀濃度計４５の取込口、および、吸着剤供給部４１の供給口が設けられ、バグフィルタ４２よりも下流側（煙突２２側）に、下流側水銀濃度計４６の取込口、一酸化炭素濃度計４７の取込口、および、二酸化硫黄濃度計４８の取込口が設けられる。図１では、下流側水銀濃度計４６の取込口、一酸化炭素濃度計４７の取込口、および、二酸化硫黄濃度計４８の取込口は、煙突２２に設けられる。これらの濃度計４６～４８が、１つの取込口を共有してもよい。 The control unit 40 is, for example, a computer including a CPU, etc., and is responsible for overall control of the exhaust gas treatment device 4 . The control unit 40 may also serve as the control unit of the incineration facility 1 . A bag filter 42 is provided in the flue 3 . In the flue 3, an intake port of the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 and a supply port of the adsorbent supply unit 41 are provided upstream of the bag filter 42 (incinerator 21 side). An inlet for the downstream mercury concentration meter 46, an inlet for the carbon monoxide concentration meter 47, and an inlet for the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48 are provided on the downstream side (the chimney 22 side). In FIG. 1 , the inlet of the downstream mercury densitometer 46 , the inlet of the carbon monoxide densitometer 47 , and the inlet of the sulfur dioxide densitometer 48 are provided in the chimney 22 . These densitometers 46-48 may share one intake.

吸着剤供給部４１は、例えばテーブルフィーダ等を有し、煙道３を流れる排ガスに粉状の水銀吸着剤を供給する（吹き込む）。水銀吸着剤は、例えば活性炭である。水銀吸着剤として、活性炭の表面に例えばヨウ素や硫黄を添着した添着活性炭等が用いられてもよい。排ガス処理装置４では、バグフィルタ４２よりも上流側において、排ガスにアルカリ薬剤を供給するアルカリ薬剤供給部が設けられてもよい。アルカリ薬剤は、脱塩および脱硫用の薬剤であり、例えば粉状の消石灰等である。 The adsorbent supply unit 41 has, for example, a table feeder or the like, and supplies (injects) powdered mercury adsorbent into the flue gas flowing through the flue 3 . A mercury sorbent is, for example, activated carbon. Impregnated activated carbon obtained by impregnating the surface of activated carbon with iodine or sulfur, for example, may be used as the mercury adsorbent. The exhaust gas treatment device 4 may be provided with an alkaline chemical supply unit that supplies an alkaline chemical to the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the bag filter 42 . The alkaline chemical is a chemical for desalting and desulfurization, such as powdery slaked lime.

バグフィルタ４２は、ろ過式であり、排ガスに含まれる飛灰をろ布により捕集する。また、吸着剤供給部４１により供給される水銀吸着剤も、ろ布に捕集される。飛灰および水銀吸着剤は、ろ布上に堆積する。バグフィルタ４２は、煙道３において水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部である。バグフィルタ４２の内部では、排ガスがろ布を通過する際に、当該ろ布に堆積する水銀吸着剤が排ガスに含まれる水銀を吸着する。水銀吸着剤における水銀の吸着は、煙道３においても生じる。水銀吸着剤が、排ガスに含まれるダイオキシン類等をさらに吸着してもよい。なお、既述のアルカリ薬剤が供給される場合には、当該アルカリ薬剤もろ布に捕集される。排ガスに含まれる酸性ガス（塩化水素、硫黄酸化物等）とろ布上のアルカリ薬剤との反応が生じることにより、排ガスから当該酸性ガスが除去される。 The bag filter 42 is of a filtration type, and collects fly ash contained in the exhaust gas with a filter cloth. Mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit 41 is also collected by the filter cloth. Fly ash and mercury sorbents deposit on the filter cloth. The bag filter 42 is an adsorbent collecting portion that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue 3 . Inside the bag filter 42, when the exhaust gas passes through the filter cloth, the mercury adsorbent deposited on the filter cloth adsorbs mercury contained in the exhaust gas. Adsorption of mercury in the mercury adsorbent also occurs in the flue 3 . The mercury adsorbent may further adsorb dioxins and the like contained in the exhaust gas. In addition, when the already-described alkaline chemical is supplied, the alkaline chemical is also collected by the filter cloth. A reaction between the acid gas (hydrogen chloride, sulfur oxides, etc.) contained in the exhaust gas and the alkaline agent on the filter cloth causes the acid gas to be removed from the exhaust gas.

バグフィルタ４２では、ろ布に堆積した飛灰および水銀吸着剤等が、圧縮ガスを利用した逆洗動作により、払い落とされる。逆洗動作では、排ガスの流れ方向における下流側から上流側に向かって、ろ布に対して圧縮ガス（パルスジェット）が供給される。圧縮ガスは、例えば圧縮空気である。ろ布から払い落とされた飛灰および水銀吸着剤等、すなわち、バグフィルタ４２による捕集物は、図示省略の排出処理部に排出される。排出処理部では、捕集物に対してキレート処理等が必要に応じて施される。 In the bag filter 42, fly ash, mercury adsorbent, etc. deposited on the filter cloth are removed by backwashing using compressed gas. In the backwashing operation, compressed gas (pulse jet) is supplied to the filter cloth from the downstream side toward the upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. Compressed gas is, for example, compressed air. The fly ash and mercury adsorbent, etc., which have been shaken off from the filter cloth, that is, the substances collected by the bag filter 42 are discharged to a discharge processing section (not shown). In the discharge processing section, chelate processing or the like is applied to the collected matter as necessary.

上流側水銀濃度計４５および下流側水銀濃度計４６は、煙道３を流れる排ガスの一部を取り込んで分析を行うことにより、排ガスの水銀濃度の測定値を取得する。既述のように、排ガスの流れ方向においてバグフィルタ４２の上流側に上流側水銀濃度計４５の取込口が配置され、バグフィルタ４２の下流側に下流側水銀濃度計４６の取込口が配置される。換言すると、上流側水銀濃度計４５は、バグフィルタ４２に対して排ガスの流れ方向上流側における排ガスの水銀濃度を測定し、下流側水銀濃度計４６は、バグフィルタ４２に対して流れ方向下流側における排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する。 The upstream mercury densitometer 45 and the downstream mercury densitometer 46 take in a part of the flue gas flowing through the flue 3 and analyze it to acquire the measured value of the mercury concentration of the flue gas. As described above, the inlet of the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 is arranged upstream of the bag filter 42 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and the inlet of the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 is arranged downstream of the bag filter 42. placed. In other words, the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the bag filter 42 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 measures the downstream side of the bag filter 42 in the flow direction. Measure the mercury concentration of exhaust gas at

ここで、排ガスに含まれる水銀は、主に、０価である原子状水銀（以下、「０価水銀」という。）、および、塩化水銀等の水銀化合物を構成する２価の水銀（以下、「２価水銀」という。）として存在している。また、上流側水銀濃度計４５および下流側水銀濃度計４６は、紫外線吸収法等により、０価水銀に基づいて水銀濃度の測定値を取得する濃度測定部を備える。 Here, the mercury contained in the exhaust gas mainly includes zero-valent atomic mercury (hereinafter referred to as "zero-valent mercury"), and bivalent mercury (hereinafter referred to as mercury compounds such as mercury chloride). It exists as "divalent mercury"). In addition, the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 and the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 are provided with a concentration measurement unit that obtains a measured value of mercury concentration based on zerovalent mercury by an ultraviolet absorption method or the like.

下流側水銀濃度計４６は、排ガスに含まれる２価水銀を０価水銀に還元する還元触媒をさらに含み、還元後のガスに含まれる０価水銀の濃度（すなわち、排ガスに元から含まれる０価水銀、および、２価水銀を還元して得られる０価水銀の総濃度であり、以下、「全水銀濃度」という。）を下流側水銀濃度として測定する。排ガス処理装置４では、下流側水銀濃度計４６により下流側水銀濃度が継続的に測定される。 The downstream mercury concentration meter 46 further includes a reduction catalyst that reduces the divalent mercury contained in the exhaust gas to zero-valent mercury, and the concentration of zero-valent mercury contained in the gas after reduction (that is, the zero-valent mercury originally contained in the exhaust gas) It is the total concentration of valent mercury and zero-valent mercury obtained by reducing divalent mercury, hereinafter referred to as "total mercury concentration") is measured as the downstream mercury concentration. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4 , the downstream mercury concentration is continuously measured by the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 .

一方、上流側水銀濃度計４５は、還元触媒を含まず、排ガスに含まれる２価水銀を０価水銀に還元しない状態で、排ガスに元から含まれる０価水銀の濃度を上流側水銀濃度として測定する。上流側水銀濃度計４５では、２価水銀を０価水銀に還元するために要する時間を省略して、上流側水銀濃度を迅速に測定することが可能となる。排ガス処理装置４では、上流側水銀濃度計４５により上流側水銀濃度が継続的に測定される。 On the other hand, the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 does not include a reducing catalyst, and the concentration of zerovalent mercury originally contained in the exhaust gas is taken as the upstream mercury concentration in a state where the divalent mercury contained in the exhaust gas is not reduced to zerovalent mercury. Measure. The upstream mercury concentration meter 45 can quickly measure the upstream mercury concentration by omitting the time required to reduce divalent mercury to zero-valent mercury. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4 , the upstream mercury concentration is continuously measured by the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 .

排ガス処理装置４の設計によっては、上流側水銀濃度計４５において、還元触媒が設けられ、全水銀濃度が上流側水銀濃度として測定されてもよい。全水銀濃度の測定では、０価水銀および２価水銀の双方を検出するため、上流側水銀濃度を正確に測定することが可能となる。同様に、下流側水銀濃度計４６において、０価水銀濃度が下流側水銀濃度として測定されてもよい。また、上流側水銀濃度計４５および下流側水銀濃度計４６では、０価水銀濃度と全水銀濃度とが選択的に測定可能であってもよい。 Depending on the design of the exhaust gas treatment device 4, a reduction catalyst may be provided in the upstream mercury concentration meter 45, and the total mercury concentration may be measured as the upstream mercury concentration. In the measurement of the total mercury concentration, since both zero-valent mercury and divalent mercury are detected, it is possible to accurately measure the upstream mercury concentration. Similarly, the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 may measure the zero-valent mercury concentration as the downstream mercury concentration. Further, the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 and the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 may be capable of selectively measuring the zero-valent mercury concentration and the total mercury concentration.

一酸化炭素濃度計４７および二酸化硫黄濃度計４８は、排ガスの一部を取り込んで分析を行うことにより、それぞれ一酸化炭素濃度および二酸化硫黄濃度を測定する。一酸化炭素濃度計４７および二酸化硫黄濃度計４８としては、赤外線吸収法等の周知の方式の濃度計が利用可能である。一酸化炭素濃度の測定値、および、二酸化硫黄濃度の測定値は、制御部４０に出力される。 A carbon monoxide concentration meter 47 and a sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48 measure the carbon monoxide concentration and the sulfur dioxide concentration, respectively, by taking in and analyzing a part of the exhaust gas. As the carbon monoxide densitometer 47 and the sulfur dioxide densitometer 48, well-known densitometers such as an infrared absorption method can be used. The measured value of carbon monoxide concentration and the measured value of sulfur dioxide concentration are output to control unit 40 .

ここで、本願発明者は、排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度が高い場合に、水銀吸着剤が水銀を吸着しにくくなる現象を発見した。この現象の原因については明らかではないが、焼却炉２１で発生する排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度が高い、すなわち、焼却炉２１内が極低酸素状態となっている場合に、排ガスにおける０価水銀と２価水銀との比率が通常時に比べて変化していることが、影響している可能性がある。また、他の未燃ガス成分が多くなることにより、水銀吸着剤による水銀の吸着が阻害されている可能性もある。二酸化硫黄濃度が高い場合も同様である。したがって、焼却炉２１で発生する排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度が高い場合に、排ガスの水銀濃度のみに基づいて水銀吸着剤の供給量（単位時間当たりの供給量）を制御しても、排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることができないことがある。次に、一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度が高い場合であっても、排ガス処理装置４において排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることが可能な排ガス処理について説明する。 Here, the inventors of the present application discovered a phenomenon that the mercury adsorbent becomes difficult to adsorb mercury when the carbon monoxide concentration or the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas is high. Although the cause of this phenomenon is not clear, when the concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator 21 is high, that is, when the inside of the incinerator 21 is in an extremely low oxygen state, zero-valent mercury in the exhaust gas and It is possible that the fact that the ratio of divalent mercury is changing compared to normal times has an effect. In addition, there is a possibility that adsorption of mercury by the mercury adsorbent is inhibited due to an increase in other unburned gas components. The same is true when the sulfur dioxide concentration is high. Therefore, when the carbon monoxide concentration or the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator 21 is high, even if the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent (supply amount per unit time) is controlled based only on the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas, , it may not be possible to adequately reduce the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas. Next, exhaust gas treatment capable of appropriately reducing the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 even when the concentration of carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide is high will be described.

図２は、排ガス処理装置４における排ガス処理の流れを示す図である。排ガス処理装置４では、原則として、上流側水銀濃度計４５による水銀濃度の測定、一酸化炭素濃度計４７による一酸化炭素濃度の測定、二酸化硫黄濃度計４８による二酸化硫黄濃度の測定、および、下流側水銀濃度計４６による下流側水銀濃度の測定が継続的に行われる。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the flow of exhaust gas treatment in the exhaust gas treatment device 4. As shown in FIG. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, in principle, the upstream side mercury concentration meter 45 measures the mercury concentration, the carbon monoxide concentration meter 47 measures the carbon monoxide concentration, the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48 measures the sulfur dioxide concentration, and the downstream The downstream mercury concentration is continuously measured by the side mercury concentration meter 46 .

排ガス処理では、制御部４０により、水銀吸着剤の供給量の制御が開始される（ステップＳ１１）。実際には、焼却設備１が稼働している間、常時、吸着剤供給部４１による水銀吸着剤の供給量が制御される。また、水銀吸着剤の供給量の制御は、上流側水銀濃度計４５における上流側水銀濃度（の測定値）に基づいて行われる。例えば、上流側水銀濃度が比較的高い場合に、水銀吸着剤の供給量が増大され、上流側水銀濃度が比較的低い場合に、水銀吸着剤の供給量が低減される。このようにして、水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御することにより、排ガス中の水銀濃度を低下させることが可能となる。なお、水銀吸着剤が活性炭である場合、活性炭はダイオキシン類も吸着するため、排ガスが煙道３を流れる間、所定量以上の水銀吸着剤が煙道３に常時供給されることが好ましい。 In the exhaust gas treatment, the controller 40 starts controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent (step S11). In practice, while the incinerator 1 is in operation, the amount of mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit 41 is constantly controlled. Also, the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent is controlled based on (the measured value of) the upstream mercury concentration in the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 . For example, when the upstream mercury concentration is relatively high, the supply amount of the mercury sorbent is increased, and when the upstream mercury concentration is relatively low, the supply amount of the mercury sorbent is decreased. By controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent in this way, it is possible to reduce the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas. When the mercury adsorbent is activated carbon, the activated carbon also adsorbs dioxins. Therefore, it is preferable that a predetermined amount or more of the mercury adsorbent is always supplied to the flue 3 while the exhaust gas flows through the flue 3 .

排ガス処理装置４では、一酸化炭素濃度計４７における一酸化炭素濃度（の測定値）が、所定の第１閾値と比較される。第１閾値は、例えば５０～３００ｐｐｍ（酸素濃度１２％換算）である。焼却炉２１では、燃焼用空気の供給量が制御されており、通常、一酸化炭素濃度は第１閾値未満となる（ステップＳ１２）。続いて、二酸化硫黄濃度計４８における二酸化硫黄濃度（の測定値）が、所定の第２閾値と比較される。第２閾値は、例えば、バグフィルタ４２の上流側における二酸化硫黄濃度５０～１００ｐｐｍ（酸素濃度１２％換算）である。アルカリ薬剤が供給される場合、バグフィルタ４２において二酸化硫黄濃度がどの程度低下するかが、アルカリ薬剤の供給量等に基づいて経験的に、または、理論的に算出可能である。したがって、この場合における二酸化硫黄濃度と第２閾値との比較では、二酸化硫黄濃度計４８の測定値から、バグフィルタ４２の上流側における二酸化硫黄濃度（計算値）が適宜計算され、この計算値が第２閾値と比較される。通常、二酸化硫黄濃度は第２閾値未満となる（ステップＳ１３）。なお、アルカリ薬剤の供給量が、二酸化硫黄濃度計４８における二酸化硫黄濃度に基づいて制御されてもよい。排ガス処理装置４では、ステップＳ１３の判定が、ステップＳ１２の判定よりも先に行われてもよい。 In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, the carbon monoxide concentration (measured value) in the carbon monoxide concentration meter 47 is compared with a predetermined first threshold value. The first threshold is, for example, 50 to 300 ppm (converted to 12% oxygen concentration). In the incinerator 21, the amount of combustion air supplied is controlled, and the carbon monoxide concentration is usually less than the first threshold (step S12). Subsequently, the (measured value of) the sulfur dioxide concentration in the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48 is compared with a predetermined second threshold value. The second threshold is, for example, a sulfur dioxide concentration of 50 to 100 ppm (converted to 12% oxygen concentration) on the upstream side of the bag filter 42 . It is possible to empirically or theoretically calculate how much the sulfur dioxide concentration in the bag filter 42 decreases when the alkaline chemical is supplied, based on the amount of supplied alkaline chemical. Therefore, in the comparison of the sulfur dioxide concentration and the second threshold value in this case, the sulfur dioxide concentration (calculated value) on the upstream side of the bag filter 42 is appropriately calculated from the measured value of the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48, and this calculated value is A second threshold is compared. Normally, the sulfur dioxide concentration will be less than the second threshold (step S13). Note that the supply amount of the alkaline chemical may be controlled based on the sulfur dioxide concentration in the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48 . In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, the determination of step S13 may be performed prior to the determination of step S12.

排ガス処理における通常時には、後述の吸着剤増量モードはＯＦＦ状態であり、上記のように一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値未満、かつ、二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値未満である場合には、吸着剤増量モードをＯＦＦ状態に維持したままで（ステップＳ１４）、水銀吸着剤の供給量の制御が継続される。一酸化炭素濃度と第１閾値との比較、および、二酸化硫黄濃度と第２閾値との比較は、一定時間毎に繰り返される。 During normal exhaust gas treatment, the adsorbent increase mode described later is in the OFF state, and when the carbon monoxide concentration is less than the first threshold and the sulfur dioxide concentration is less than the second threshold as described above, the adsorbent While the increase mode is maintained in the OFF state (step S14), control of the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent is continued. The comparison between the carbon monoxide concentration and the first threshold and the comparison between the sulfur dioxide concentration and the second threshold are repeated at regular time intervals.

一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値以上となる（ステップＳ１２）、または、二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値以上となると（ステップＳ１３）、制御部４０では、吸着剤増量モードがＯＮ状態とされる（ステップＳ１５）。例えば、焼却炉２１において燃焼用空気の供給量が不足する場合等に、一酸化炭素濃度が高くなり、第１閾値以上となる。また、廃棄物中の硫黄分が高い場合等に、二酸化硫黄濃度が高くなり、第２閾値以上となる。 When the concentration of carbon monoxide reaches or exceeds the first threshold (step S12) or the concentration of sulfur dioxide reaches or exceeds the second threshold (step S13), the controller 40 turns on the adsorbent increase mode (step S15). For example, when the amount of combustion air supplied to the incinerator 21 is insufficient, the concentration of carbon monoxide increases and becomes equal to or higher than the first threshold. Also, when the sulfur content in the waste is high, the concentration of sulfur dioxide increases and becomes equal to or higher than the second threshold.

ここで、吸着剤増量モードについて説明する。例えば、制御部４０では、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態に対して、上流側水銀濃度の各値と、上流側水銀濃度が当該値である際に排ガスの水銀濃度を低下させるために必要な水銀吸着剤の供給量（単位時間当たりの供給量）との関係を示す関数（以下、「ＯＦＦ状態用関数」という。）が準備される。吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態では、現在の上流側水銀濃度を用いてＯＦＦ状態用関数から特定される供給量にて、水銀吸着剤が供給される。 Here, the adsorbent increase mode will be described. For example, in the control unit 40, each value of the upstream mercury concentration and the mercury required to reduce the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas when the upstream mercury concentration is at the corresponding value with respect to the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode A function (hereinafter referred to as "OFF state function") showing the relationship with the supply amount of adsorbent (supply amount per unit time) is prepared. In the OFF state of the sorbent boost mode, mercury sorbent is supplied at a feed rate specified from the OFF state function using the current upstream mercury concentration.

また、上流側水銀濃度の各値において、ＯＦＦ状態用関数よりも水銀吸着剤の供給量が大きい他の関数（以下、「ＯＮ状態用関数」という。）が、吸着剤増量モードのＯＮ状態に対して準備される。ＯＮ状態用関数は、一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度が高い場合において、排ガスの水銀濃度を低下させるために必要な水銀吸着剤の供給量を示す。吸着剤増量モードのＯＮ状態では、現在の上流側水銀濃度を用いてＯＮ状態用関数から特定される供給量にて、水銀吸着剤が供給される。同じ上流側水銀濃度で比較した場合に、吸着剤増量モードのＯＮ状態では、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態よりも、水銀吸着剤の供給量が増大される。なお、上流側水銀濃度と水銀吸着剤の供給量との関係は、関数以外に、テーブル等で表されてもよい。 Further, at each value of the upstream mercury concentration, another function (hereinafter referred to as "ON state function") having a larger mercury adsorbent supply amount than the OFF state function is set to the ON state of the adsorbent increase mode. prepared for. The ON state function indicates the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent required to reduce the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas when the carbon monoxide concentration or sulfur dioxide concentration is high. In the ON state of the sorbent increase mode, the mercury sorbent is supplied at the supply rate specified from the ON state function using the current upstream mercury concentration. When the same upstream mercury concentration is compared, in the ON state of the adsorbent increase mode, the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent is increased more than in the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode. Note that the relationship between the upstream mercury concentration and the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent may be represented by a table or the like other than the function.

一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値以上である、または、二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値以上である間（ステップＳ１２，Ｓ１３）、吸着剤増量モードのＯＮ状態が維持される（ステップＳ１５）。したがって、ＯＮ状態用関数に基づいて水銀吸着剤の供給量が決定される。その後、一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値未満となり（ステップＳ１２）、かつ、二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値未満となると（ステップＳ１３）、吸着剤増量モードがＯＦＦ状態に戻される（ステップＳ１４）。既述のように、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態では、ＯＦＦ状態用関数に基づいて、水銀吸着剤の供給量が決定される。排ガス処理装置４では、排ガスが煙道３を流れている間、図２の処理が継続して行われる。 While the carbon monoxide concentration is equal to or higher than the first threshold or the sulfur dioxide concentration is equal to or higher than the second threshold (steps S12, S13), the ON state of the adsorbent increase mode is maintained (step S15). Therefore, the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent is determined based on the ON state function. After that, when the carbon monoxide concentration becomes less than the first threshold (step S12) and the sulfur dioxide concentration becomes less than the second threshold (step S13), the adsorbent increase mode is returned to the OFF state (step S14). As described above, in the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode, the supply amount of mercury adsorbent is determined based on the OFF state function. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, while the exhaust gas is flowing through the flue 3, the treatment shown in FIG. 2 is continuously performed.

以上に説明したように、排ガス処理装置４では、排ガスの水銀濃度に基づいて吸着剤供給部４１による水銀吸着剤の供給量が制御される。また、一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値以上となる、または、二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値以上となる吸着剤増量モードのＯＮ状態では、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態に比べて水銀吸着剤の供給量が増大される。これにより、焼却炉２１で発生する排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度が高く、水銀吸着剤が水銀を吸着しにくい状態であっても、排ガス処理装置４において排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることができる。 As described above, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4, the amount of mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit 41 is controlled based on the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas. In addition, in the ON state of the adsorbent increase mode in which the carbon monoxide concentration is equal to or higher than the first threshold value or the sulfur dioxide concentration is equal to or higher than the second threshold value, the amount of mercury adsorbent supplied is higher than that in the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode. quantity is increased. As a result, even if the concentration of carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator 21 is high and the mercury adsorbent is in a state where it is difficult for the mercury adsorbent to adsorb mercury, the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas is appropriately reduced in the exhaust gas treatment device 4. can be made

排ガス処理装置４では、上流側水銀濃度計４５により、バグフィルタ４２に対して排ガスの流れ方向上流側における排ガスの水銀濃度が測定される。これにより、焼却炉２１から排出される排ガスの水銀濃度の変化を迅速に検出することができ、水銀吸着剤の供給量をより適切に制御することができる。また、上流側水銀濃度計４５が、排ガスの０価水銀濃度を測定することにより、排ガスの水銀濃度の変化をより迅速に検出することができる。 In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4, the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the bag filter 42 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. As a result, changes in the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator 21 can be quickly detected, and the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent can be controlled more appropriately. Further, the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 measures the concentration of zero-valent mercury in the exhaust gas, so that changes in the concentration of mercury in the exhaust gas can be detected more quickly.

次に、図１中にて破線で囲む特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａを用いた処理例について説明する。特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａは、例えばテーブルフィーダ等を有し、吸着剤供給部４１により供給される水銀吸着剤とは異なる種類の水銀吸着剤（以下、「特殊水銀吸着剤」という。）を煙道３に供給する。特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａの供給口は、焼却炉２１とバグフィルタ４２との間に配置される。特殊水銀吸着剤も水銀吸着剤と共に、バグフィルタ４２のろ布により捕集される。特殊水銀吸着剤は、吸着剤供給部４１の水銀吸着剤よりも水銀の吸着性能（すなわち、所定条件における水銀の吸着量）が高い。本処理例では、吸着剤供給部４１の水銀吸着剤が活性炭であり、特殊水銀吸着剤が、活性炭の表面に例えばヨウ素や硫黄を添着した添着活性炭である。なお、吸着剤供給部４１および特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａが、１つの構成として（一体的に）設けられてもよい。 Next, an example of processing using the special adsorbent supply unit 41a surrounded by a dashed line in FIG. 1 will be described. The special adsorbent supply unit 41a has, for example, a table feeder or the like, and supplies a different type of mercury adsorbent (hereinafter referred to as "special mercury adsorbent") from the mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit 41 into smoke. Feed Road 3. A supply port of the special adsorbent supply unit 41 a is arranged between the incinerator 21 and the bag filter 42 . The special mercury adsorbent is also collected by the filter cloth of the bag filter 42 together with the mercury adsorbent. The special mercury adsorbent has higher mercury adsorption performance (that is, the amount of mercury adsorbed under predetermined conditions) than the mercury adsorbent of the adsorbent supply unit 41 . In this processing example, the mercury adsorbent of the adsorbent supply unit 41 is activated carbon, and the special mercury adsorbent is impregnated activated carbon obtained by impregnating the surface of the activated carbon with, for example, iodine or sulfur. Note that the adsorbent supply unit 41 and the special adsorbent supply unit 41a may be (integrally) provided as one configuration.

吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態では、上流側水銀濃度計４５における上流側水銀濃度に基づいて吸着剤供給部４１による水銀吸着剤の供給量が制御される（図２：ステップＳ１１）。一方、特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａによる特殊水銀吸着剤の供給は行われない。すなわち、特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａによる特殊水銀吸着剤の供給量は０である。一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値未満、かつ、二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値未満である間、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態が維持され（ステップＳ１２～Ｓ１４）、吸着剤供給部４１のみから、煙道３を流れる排ガスに水銀吸着剤が供給される。 In the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode, the amount of mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit 41 is controlled based on the upstream mercury concentration in the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 ( FIG. 2 : step S11). On the other hand, the special mercury adsorbent is not supplied by the special adsorbent supply unit 41a. That is, the amount of the special mercury adsorbent supplied by the special adsorbent supply unit 41a is zero. While the carbon monoxide concentration is less than the first threshold and the sulfur dioxide concentration is less than the second threshold, the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode is maintained (steps S12 to S14), and only the adsorbent supply unit 41 emits smoke. Mercury adsorbent is supplied to the exhaust gas flowing through the path 3 .

一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値以上となる（ステップＳ１２）、または、二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値以上となると（ステップＳ１３）、吸着剤増量モードがＯＮ状態とされる（ステップＳ１５）。吸着剤増量モードのＯＮ状態では、特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａによる特殊水銀吸着剤の供給が行われる。すなわち、特殊水銀吸着剤の供給量が、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態における供給量（０）から増大される。特殊水銀吸着剤の供給量は、上流側水銀濃度に基づいて制御される。例えば、上流側水銀濃度が比較的高い場合に、特殊水銀吸着剤の供給量が増大され、上流側水銀濃度が比較的低い場合に、特殊水銀吸着剤の供給量が低減される。吸着剤増量モードのＯＮ状態では、排ガスの下流側水銀濃度が、仮に吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態での制御を維持した場合（ここでは、吸着剤供給部４１の水銀吸着剤のみを供給する場合）における下流側水銀濃度よりも小さくなればよい。この場合に、吸着剤供給部４１による水銀吸着剤の供給量が、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態に比べて低減されてもよく、水銀吸着剤の供給が停止されてもよい。もちろん、吸着剤供給部４１による水銀吸着剤の供給量が増大されてもよい。 When the carbon monoxide concentration becomes equal to or higher than the first threshold (step S12) or the sulfur dioxide concentration becomes equal to or higher than the second threshold (step S13), the adsorbent increase mode is turned on (step S15). In the ON state of the adsorbent increase mode, the special mercury adsorbent is supplied by the special adsorbent supply unit 41a. That is, the supply amount of the special mercury adsorbent is increased from the supply amount (0) in the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode. The supply amount of the special mercury adsorbent is controlled based on the upstream mercury concentration. For example, when the upstream mercury concentration is relatively high, the supply amount of the special mercury adsorbent is increased, and when the upstream mercury concentration is relatively low, the supply amount of the special mercury adsorbent is reduced. In the ON state of the adsorbent increase mode, if the downstream mercury concentration of the exhaust gas maintains the control in the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode (here, when only the mercury adsorbent of the adsorbent supply unit 41 is supplied ) is lower than the downstream mercury concentration. In this case, the amount of mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit 41 may be reduced compared to the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode, or the supply of mercury adsorbent may be stopped. Of course, the amount of mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit 41 may be increased.

一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値未満となり（ステップＳ１２）、かつ、二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値未満となると（ステップＳ１３）、吸着剤増量モードがＯＦＦ状態に戻される（ステップＳ１４）。これにより、特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａによる特殊水銀吸着剤の供給が停止される。既述のように、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態では、上流側水銀濃度に基づいて吸着剤供給部４１による水銀吸着剤の供給量が制御される。 When the carbon monoxide concentration becomes less than the first threshold (step S12) and the sulfur dioxide concentration becomes less than the second threshold (step S13), the adsorbent increase mode is returned to the OFF state (step S14). As a result, the supply of the special mercury adsorbent by the special adsorbent supply unit 41a is stopped. As described above, in the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode, the amount of mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit 41 is controlled based on the upstream mercury concentration.

特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａを用いた排ガス処理では、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態およびＯＮ状態の双方において、特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａによる特殊水銀吸着剤の供給が行われてもよい。例えば、水銀吸着剤および特殊水銀吸着剤の総量を一定としつつ、吸着剤増量モードのＯＮ状態において当該総量に対する特殊水銀吸着剤の比率が、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態よりも大きくされてもよい。 In exhaust gas treatment using the special adsorbent supply unit 41a, the special mercury adsorbent may be supplied by the special adsorbent supply unit 41a in both the OFF state and the ON state of the adsorbent increase mode. For example, while the total amount of the mercury adsorbent and the special mercury adsorbent is constant, the ratio of the special mercury adsorbent to the total amount in the ON state of the adsorbent increase mode may be made larger than in the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode. .

以上に説明したように、排ガス処理装置４では、特殊水銀吸着剤を煙道３に供給可能な特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａが、吸着剤供給部４１に加えて設けられる。吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態では、水銀濃度に基づいて吸着剤供給部４１による水銀吸着剤の供給量が制御される。また、一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値以上となる、または、二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値以上となる吸着剤増量モードのＯＮ状態では、吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態よりも特殊水銀吸着剤の供給量が増大される。これにより、焼却炉２１で発生する排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度が高く、水銀吸着剤が水銀を吸着しにくい状態であっても、排ガス処理装置４において排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることができる。なお、後述の図３および図４の排ガス処理装置４において、特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａが用いられてもよい。 As described above, in the exhaust gas treatment device 4, in addition to the adsorbent supply unit 41, the special adsorbent supply unit 41a capable of supplying the special mercury adsorbent to the flue 3 is provided. In the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode, the amount of mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit 41 is controlled based on the mercury concentration. In addition, in the ON state of the adsorbent increase mode in which the carbon monoxide concentration is equal to or higher than the first threshold value or the sulfur dioxide concentration is equal to or higher than the second threshold value, the supply of the special mercury adsorbent is higher than in the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode. quantity is increased. As a result, even if the concentration of carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator 21 is high and the mercury adsorbent is in a state where it is difficult for the mercury adsorbent to adsorb mercury, the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas is appropriately reduced in the exhaust gas treatment device 4. can be made A special adsorbent supply unit 41a may be used in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, which will be described later.

（第２実施形態）
図３は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る排ガス処理装置４を示す図である。図３の排ガス処理装置４では、煙道３においてバグフィルタ４２の上流側に酸素濃度計４９が設けられる。他の構成は、図１の排ガス処理装置４と同様であり、同じ構成に同じ符号を付す。 (Second embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an exhaust gas treatment device 4 according to a second embodiment of the invention. In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 of FIG. 3, an oxygen concentration meter 49 is provided upstream of the bag filter 42 in the flue 3 . Other configurations are the same as those of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 of FIG. 1, and the same configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals.

酸素濃度計４９は、例えばレーザ光を利用する濃度計であり、煙道３内において互いに対向して配置される出射部と受光部とを有する。酸素濃度計４９により、バグフィルタ４２に対して流れ方向上流側における排ガスの酸素濃度が迅速に測定される。酸素濃度の測定値は、制御部４０に出力される。制御部４０では、酸素濃度と一酸化炭素濃度との相関関係を利用して、酸素濃度の測定値から一酸化炭素濃度の推定値を取得するための関数（またはテーブル等）が予め準備されている。そして、酸素濃度計４９からの酸素濃度の測定値を用いて一酸化炭素濃度の推定値が取得される。このように、酸素濃度計４９および制御部４０が協働することにより、一酸化炭素濃度を間接的に取得する濃度取得部が実現される。 The oxygen densitometer 49 is, for example, a densitometer that utilizes laser light, and has an emitting part and a light receiving part that are arranged facing each other in the flue 3 . The oxygen concentration meter 49 quickly measures the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the bag filter 42 in the flow direction. The oxygen concentration measurement value is output to the control unit 40 . In the control unit 40, a function (or a table, etc.) is prepared in advance for obtaining an estimated value of the carbon monoxide concentration from the measured value of the oxygen concentration using the correlation between the oxygen concentration and the carbon monoxide concentration. there is Then, an estimated value of the carbon monoxide concentration is obtained using the measured value of the oxygen concentration from the oximeter 49 . In this way, the oxygen concentration meter 49 and the control unit 40 work together to implement a concentration acquisition unit that indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration.

図３の排ガス処理装置４における排ガス処理では、酸素濃度計４９および制御部４０により取得される一酸化炭素濃度（の推定値）が第１閾値と比較される。そして、一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値以上となると、吸着剤増量モードがＯＮ状態とされる。これにより、排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度が高く、水銀吸着剤が水銀を吸着しにくい状態を、図１の排ガス処理装置４に比べて迅速に検知することができる。また、当該状態において、排ガス処理装置４により排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることができる。なお、二酸化硫黄濃度については、二酸化硫黄濃度計４８の測定値が利用される。 In the exhaust gas treatment in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 of FIG. 3, the carbon monoxide concentration (estimated value) obtained by the oxygen concentration meter 49 and the control unit 40 is compared with the first threshold value. Then, when the carbon monoxide concentration becomes equal to or higher than the first threshold value, the adsorbent increase mode is turned on. As a result, the state in which the exhaust gas has a high carbon monoxide concentration and the mercury adsorbent is difficult to adsorb mercury can be detected more quickly than in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 of FIG. Also, in this state, the exhaust gas treatment device 4 can appropriately reduce the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas. As for the sulfur dioxide concentration, the measured value of the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48 is used.

ところで、既存の焼却設備では、焼却炉内への燃焼用空気の供給量を制御するために、煙道においてバグフィルタよりも上流側に酸素濃度計が設けられている場合がある。このような焼却設備では、当該酸素濃度計を利用して（酸素濃度計４９を新たに追加することなく）、一酸化炭素濃度を間接的に取得することも可能である。排ガス処理装置４では、二酸化硫黄濃度と相関関係がある他の物質の濃度を測定することにより、二酸化硫黄濃度を間接的に取得する濃度取得部が用いられてもよい。 By the way, in some existing incinerators, an oxygen concentration meter is provided upstream of the bag filter in the flue in order to control the amount of combustion air supplied to the incinerator. In such an incineration facility, it is also possible to indirectly obtain the concentration of carbon monoxide by using the oxygen concentration meter (without newly adding the oxygen concentration meter 49). The exhaust gas treatment device 4 may use a concentration acquisition unit that indirectly acquires the sulfur dioxide concentration by measuring the concentration of another substance that correlates with the sulfur dioxide concentration.

（第３実施形態）
図４は、本発明の第３実施形態に係る排ガス処理装置４を示す図である。図４の排ガス処理装置４では、煙道３において湿式洗煙塔４３および脱硝装置４４が設けられる。また、煙突２２に設けられる一酸化炭素濃度計４７および二酸化硫黄濃度計４８とは別に、一酸化炭素濃度計４７ａおよび二酸化硫黄濃度計４８ａが追加される。他の構成は、図１の排ガス処理装置４と同様であり、同じ構成に同じ符号を付す。 (Third embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an exhaust gas treatment device 4 according to a third embodiment of the invention. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4 of FIG. In addition to the carbon monoxide densitometer 47 and sulfur dioxide densitometer 48 provided in the chimney 22, a carbon monoxide densitometer 47a and a sulfur dioxide densitometer 48a are added. Other configurations are the same as those of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 of FIG. 1, and the same configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals.

湿式洗煙塔４３および脱硝装置４４は、バグフィルタ４２に対して排ガスの流れ方向下流側に配置される。湿式洗煙塔４３は、苛性ソーダ等のアルカリ薬剤を含む水を排ガス中に噴霧することにより、排ガスに含まれる硫黄酸化物、塩化水素等を除去する。湿式洗煙塔４３は、排ガス中の硫黄酸化物を除去する脱硫部であり、排ガス中の塩化水素を除去する脱塩部でもある。脱硝装置４４は、内部に脱硝触媒が設けられた脱硝塔を有し、排ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物等を除去する。一酸化炭素濃度計４７ａの取込口および二酸化硫黄濃度計４８ａの取込口は、煙道３においてバグフィルタ４２と湿式洗煙塔４３との間に配置される。一酸化炭素濃度計４７ａおよび二酸化硫黄濃度計４８ａは、排ガスの一部を取り込んで分析を行うことにより、それぞれ一酸化炭素濃度および二酸化硫黄濃度を測定する。 The wet smoke scrubber 43 and the denitration device 44 are arranged downstream of the bag filter 42 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. The wet smoke scrubber 43 removes sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride, etc. contained in the exhaust gas by spraying water containing an alkaline agent such as caustic soda into the exhaust gas. The wet smoke scrubber 43 is a desulfurization section that removes sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas, and is also a desalination section that removes hydrogen chloride in the exhaust gas. The denitration device 44 has a denitration tower in which a denitration catalyst is provided, and removes nitrogen oxides and the like contained in the exhaust gas. The inlet of the carbon monoxide concentration meter 47a and the inlet of the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48a are arranged in the flue 3 between the bag filter 42 and the wet scrubbing tower 43. The carbon monoxide concentration meter 47a and the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48a measure the carbon monoxide concentration and the sulfur dioxide concentration, respectively, by taking in and analyzing a part of the exhaust gas.

図４の排ガス処理装置４における排ガス処理では、一酸化炭素濃度計４７ａにより取得される一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値と比較され、二酸化硫黄濃度計４８ａにより取得される二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値と比較される。これにより、焼却炉２１で発生する排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度が高い状態を、図１の排ガス処理装置４（煙突２２に設けられる一酸化炭素濃度計４７および二酸化硫黄濃度計４８の測定値を利用する排ガス処理装置４）に比べて迅速に検知することができる。また、当該状態において、排ガス処理装置４により排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることができる。 In the exhaust gas treatment in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 of FIG. 4, the carbon monoxide concentration obtained by the carbon monoxide concentration meter 47a is compared with the first threshold, and the sulfur dioxide concentration obtained by the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48a is the second threshold. is compared with As a result, the state in which the concentration of carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator 21 is high is detected by the exhaust gas treatment device 4 (the carbon monoxide concentration meter 47 and the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48 provided in the chimney 22 of FIG. 1). It can be detected more quickly than the exhaust gas treatment device 4) that uses measured values. Also, in this state, the exhaust gas treatment device 4 can appropriately reduce the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas.

既述のように、焼却炉２１で発生する排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度は、水銀吸着剤による水銀の吸着のしやすさに関係する。また、当該二酸化硫黄濃度は、焼却炉２１内の状態を表す指標であると考えられる。図１および図３の排ガス処理装置４では、バグフィルタ４２の上流側にアルカリ薬剤が供給される場合、脱硫部であるバグフィルタ４２において、脱硫処理が行われる。したがって、当該排ガス処理装置４において、バグフィルタ４２の下流側に取込口が設けられる二酸化硫黄濃度計４８では、脱硫処理前の排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的に測定することができなくなる、すなわち、焼却炉２１内の状態を表す二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的に取得することができなくなる。なお、既述のように、第１および第２実施形態では、二酸化硫黄濃度計４８の測定値から、脱硫処理前の排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度（バグフィルタ４２の上流側における二酸化硫黄濃度）が適宜計算されており、焼却炉２１で発生する排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度が高い状態は、適切に検知可能である。 As described above, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator 21 is related to the easiness of adsorption of mercury by the mercury adsorbent. Moreover, the sulfur dioxide concentration is considered to be an index representing the state inside the incinerator 21 . In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 of FIGS. 1 and 3, when an alkaline chemical is supplied to the upstream side of the bag filter 42, desulfurization is performed in the bag filter 42, which is the desulfurization section. Therefore, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4, the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48 provided with an intake port downstream of the bag filter 42 cannot directly measure the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas before desulfurization treatment. , the sulfur dioxide concentration representing the state inside the incinerator 21 cannot be obtained directly. As described above, in the first and second embodiments, from the measured value of the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48, the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas before desulfurization treatment (the sulfur dioxide concentration on the upstream side of the bag filter 42) is appropriately It is calculated that the high concentration of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas generated in the incinerator 21 can be detected appropriately.

一方、図４の排ガス処理装置４では、脱硫処理が行われる湿式洗煙塔４３よりも上流側に二酸化硫黄濃度計４８ａの取込口が設けられることにより、脱硫処理前の排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的に測定することが可能となる。なお、図１および図３の排ガス処理装置４において、アルカリ薬剤が供給されない場合（すなわち、バグフィルタ４２において脱硫処理を行わない場合）には、二酸化硫黄濃度計を、バグフィルタ４２の上流側および下流側のいずれに配置する場合でも、焼却炉２１内の状態を表す二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的に測定することが可能である。 On the other hand, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 of FIG. 4, the intake port of the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48a is provided upstream of the wet-type smoke scrubber 43 where desulfurization is performed, so that the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas before desulfurization is can be measured directly. 1 and 3, when the alkaline chemical is not supplied (that is, when desulfurization is not performed in the bag filter 42), the sulfur dioxide concentration meter is placed upstream of the bag filter 42 and In any downstream arrangement, it is possible to directly measure the sulfur dioxide concentration, which represents the state inside the incinerator 21 .

図４の排ガス処理装置４の設計によっては、一酸化炭素濃度計４７ａの取込口および二酸化硫黄濃度計４８ａの取込口が、バグフィルタ４２に対して排ガスの流れ方向上流側に設けられてもよい。この場合、排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度が高い状態を、より迅速に検知することが可能となる。また、図１および図３の排ガス処理装置４において、取込口がバグフィルタ４２の上流側に位置する一酸化炭素濃度計および二酸化硫黄濃度計が設けられ、排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度が高い状態が迅速に検知されてもよい。この場合、排ガス中にアルカリ薬剤が供給される場合であっても、脱硫処理前の排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を測定することが可能となる。 Depending on the design of the exhaust gas treatment device 4 of FIG. 4, the intake port of the carbon monoxide concentration meter 47a and the intake port of the sulfur dioxide concentration meter 48a are provided on the upstream side of the bag filter 42 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. good too. In this case, it becomes possible to more quickly detect a state in which the concentration of carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas is high. 1 and 3, a carbon monoxide concentration meter and a sulfur dioxide concentration meter whose inlets are positioned upstream of the bag filter 42 are provided to measure the concentration of carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas. A high concentration condition may be detected quickly. In this case, it is possible to measure the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas before the desulfurization treatment even when the alkaline chemical is supplied to the exhaust gas.

上記排ガス処理装置４では様々な変形が可能である。 Various modifications are possible in the exhaust gas treatment device 4 .

吸着剤増量モードをＯＮ状態とする際の判定では、必ずしも排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度および二酸化硫黄濃度の双方が用いられる必要はなく、一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度の一方のみが用いられてもよい。上記判定に用いる濃度を評価濃度と呼ぶと、評価濃度は、一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度のいずれかであればよい。上記実施の形態では、一酸化炭素濃度を直接的に取得する一酸化炭素濃度計４７，４７ａ、一酸化炭素濃度を間接的に取得する濃度取得部（酸素濃度計４９および制御部４０）、二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的に取得する二酸化硫黄濃度計４８，４８ａ、および、二酸化硫黄濃度を間接的に取得する濃度取得部が、評価濃度を取得する評価濃度取得部を主として構成する。 It is not always necessary to use both the carbon monoxide concentration and the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas in the determination when the adsorbent increase mode is turned on. good. If the concentration used for the above determination is called an evaluation concentration, the evaluation concentration may be either the carbon monoxide concentration or the sulfur dioxide concentration. In the above embodiments, the carbon monoxide concentration meters 47 and 47a that directly acquire the carbon monoxide concentration, the concentration acquisition unit (oxygen concentration meter 49 and control unit 40) that indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration, The sulfur dioxide concentration meters 48 and 48a that directly acquire the sulfur concentration and the concentration acquisition unit that indirectly acquires the sulfur dioxide concentration mainly constitute an evaluation concentration acquisition unit that acquires the evaluation concentration.

以上のように、排ガス処理装置４では、排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度または二酸化硫黄濃度を評価濃度として直接的または間接的に取得する評価濃度取得部が設けられる。そして、評価濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態（吸着剤増量モードのＯＮ状態）において、評価濃度が当該閾値未満である第２の状態（吸着剤増量モードのＯＦＦ状態）よりも水銀吸着剤の供給量が増大される。または、特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａを用いる場合には、当該第１の状態において、特殊水銀吸着剤の供給量が第２の状態よりも増大される。これにより、評価濃度が高く、水銀吸着剤が水銀を吸着しにくい状態であっても、排ガス処理装置４において排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることが可能となる。 As described above, the exhaust gas treatment device 4 is provided with an evaluation concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration or the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas as the evaluation concentration. In the first state (the ON state of the adsorbent increase mode) in which the evaluation concentration is equal to or higher than the threshold, the mercury adsorbent is higher than the second state (the OFF state of the adsorbent increase mode) in which the evaluation concentration is less than the threshold. supply is increased. Alternatively, when using the special adsorbent supply unit 41a, in the first state, the supply amount of the special mercury adsorbent is increased more than in the second state. As a result, even if the evaluation concentration is high and the mercury adsorbent is in a state where it is difficult for the mercury adsorbent to adsorb mercury, the exhaust gas treatment device 4 can appropriately reduce the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas.

排ガス処理装置４において排ガスの水銀濃度をより確実に低下させるという観点では、評価濃度取得部が、一酸化炭素濃度および二酸化硫黄濃度の双方を測定し、上記第１の状態が、一酸化炭素濃度が第１閾値以上となる状態、または、二酸化硫黄濃度が第２閾値以上となる状態であることが好ましい。 From the viewpoint of more reliably reducing the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas treatment device 4, the evaluation concentration acquisition unit measures both the carbon monoxide concentration and the sulfur dioxide concentration, and the first state is the carbon monoxide concentration. is the first threshold value or higher, or the sulfur dioxide concentration is preferably the second threshold value or higher.

排ガス処理装置４の設計によっては、下流側水銀濃度計４６により測定される下流側水銀濃度に基づいて、吸着剤供給部４１による水銀吸着剤の供給量（および、特殊吸着剤供給部４１ａによる特殊水銀吸着剤の供給量）が制御されてもよい。この場合も、排ガス処理装置４において、排ガスの水銀濃度を適切に低下させることができる。一方、焼却炉２１で発生した排ガスの水銀濃度の変化を迅速に検出して、排ガスの水銀濃度をより適切に低下させるには、上流側水銀濃度計４５により測定される上流側水銀濃度に基づいて水銀吸着剤の供給量が制御されることが好ましい。 Depending on the design of the exhaust gas treatment device 4, based on the downstream mercury concentration measured by the downstream mercury concentration meter 46, the amount of mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit 41 (and the special supply amount of mercury adsorbent) may be controlled. Also in this case, the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas can be appropriately reduced in the exhaust gas treatment device 4 . On the other hand, in order to quickly detect changes in the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator 21 and more appropriately reduce the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas, the upstream mercury concentration measured by the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 should be It is preferable that the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent is controlled by

図１の排ガス処理装置４では、焼却炉２１と吸着剤供給部４１との間に、他のバグフィルタが配置されてもよい。この場合、当該他のバグフィルタにより、排ガスに含まれる飛灰が捕集され、バグフィルタ４２では、吸着剤供給部４１により煙道３に供給された水銀吸着剤（アルカリ薬剤も供給する場合、水銀吸着剤およびアルカリ薬剤）が主として捕集される。 Another bag filter may be arranged between the incinerator 21 and the adsorbent supply unit 41 in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 4 of FIG. 1 . In this case, the fly ash contained in the exhaust gas is collected by the other bag filter, and the bag filter 42 uses the mercury adsorbent supplied to the flue 3 by the adsorbent supply unit 41 (when an alkaline chemical is also supplied, Mercury adsorbents and alkaline agents) are mainly collected.

排ガス処理装置４は、焼却設備１以外の設備において用いられてもよい。 The exhaust gas treatment device 4 may be used in equipment other than the incineration equipment 1 .

上記実施の形態および各変形例における構成は、相互に矛盾しない限り適宜組み合わされてよい。 The configurations in the above embodiment and each modified example may be combined as appropriate as long as they do not contradict each other.

３ 煙道
４ 排ガス処理装置
４０ 制御部
４１ 吸着剤供給部
４１ａ 特殊吸着剤供給部
４２ バグフィルタ
４３ 湿式洗煙塔
４５ 上流側水銀濃度計
４７，４７ａ 一酸化炭素濃度計
４８，４８ａ 二酸化硫黄濃度計
４９ 酸素濃度計
Ｓ１１～Ｓ１４ ステップ 3 flue 4 exhaust gas treatment device 40 control unit 41 adsorbent supply unit 41a special adsorbent supply unit 42 bag filter 43 wet smoke scrubber 45 upstream mercury densitometer 47, 47a carbon monoxide densitometer 48, 48a sulfur dioxide densitometer 49 Oxygen concentration meter S11~S14 step

Claims (11)

排ガス処理装置であって、
排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、
前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、
前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、
前記排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、
前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御するとともに、前記一酸化炭素濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記一酸化炭素濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。 An exhaust gas treatment device,
an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows;
an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue;
a mercury concentration meter for measuring the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas;
a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration of the exhaust gas;
The amount of the mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit is controlled based on the mercury concentration, and in a first state in which the carbon monoxide concentration is equal to or higher than the threshold, the carbon monoxide concentration is less than the threshold. a control unit that increases the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent above a certain second state;
An exhaust gas treatment device comprising: 排ガス処理装置であって、 An exhaust gas treatment device,
排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、 an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows;
前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、 an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue;
前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、 a mercury concentration meter for measuring the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、 a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記水銀吸着剤よりも水銀の吸着性能が高い他の水銀吸着剤を前記煙道に供給可能な他の吸着剤供給部と、 another adsorbent supply unit capable of supplying another mercury adsorbent having higher mercury adsorption performance than the mercury adsorbent to the flue;
前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御するとともに、前記一酸化炭素濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記一酸化炭素濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも、前記他の吸着剤供給部による前記他の水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する制御部と、 The amount of the mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit is controlled based on the mercury concentration, and in a first state in which the carbon monoxide concentration is equal to or higher than the threshold, the carbon monoxide concentration is less than the threshold. a control unit that increases the supply amount of the other mercury adsorbent by the other adsorbent supply unit than in a certain second state;
を備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。An exhaust gas treatment device comprising: 排ガス処理装置であって、 An exhaust gas treatment device,
排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、 an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows;
前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、 an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue;
前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、 a mercury concentration meter for measuring the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、 a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御するとともに、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する制御部と、 The amount of the mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit is controlled based on the mercury concentration, and in a first state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is equal to or higher than a threshold, in a second state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is less than the threshold, a control unit that increases the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent from the state of 2;
を備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。An exhaust gas treatment device comprising: 排ガス処理装置であって、 An exhaust gas treatment device,
排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、 an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows;
前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、 an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue;
前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、 a mercury concentration meter for measuring the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、 a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記水銀吸着剤よりも水銀の吸着性能が高い他の水銀吸着剤を前記煙道に供給可能な他の吸着剤供給部と、 another adsorbent supply unit capable of supplying another mercury adsorbent having higher mercury adsorption performance than the mercury adsorbent to the flue;
前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御するとともに、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも、前記他の吸着剤供給部による前記他の水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する制御部と、 The amount of the mercury adsorbent supplied by the adsorbent supply unit is controlled based on the mercury concentration, and in a first state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is equal to or higher than a threshold, in a second state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is less than the threshold, a control unit that increases the supply amount of the other mercury adsorbent by the other adsorbent supply unit compared to the state of 2;
を備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。An exhaust gas treatment device comprising: 請求項１または２に記載の排ガス処理装置であって、
前記濃度取得部が、前記吸着剤捕集部に対して前記排ガスの流れ方向上流側における前記排ガスの酸素濃度を測定する酸素濃度計を有し、前記酸素濃度計を用いて前記一酸化炭素濃度を間接的に取得することを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。 The exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1 or 2,
The concentration acquisition unit has an oxygen concentration meter that measures the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas on the upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas with respect to the adsorbent collection unit, and the monoxide concentration is measured using the oxygen concentration meter. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus characterized by indirectly acquiring a carbon concentration. 請求項３または４に記載の排ガス処理装置であって、
前記吸着剤捕集部に対して前記排ガスの流れ方向下流側に設けられるとともに、前記排ガス中の硫黄酸化物を除去する脱硫部をさらに備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。 The exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 3 or 4 ,
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus, further comprising a desulfurization section that is provided downstream of the adsorbent collection section in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas and that removes sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas. 請求項１ないし６のいずれか１つに記載の排ガス処理装置であって、
前記水銀濃度計が、前記吸着剤捕集部に対して前記排ガスの流れ方向上流側における前記排ガスの前記水銀濃度を測定することを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。 The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 ,
The exhaust gas treatment apparatus, wherein the mercury concentration meter measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on the upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas with respect to the adsorbent collecting section. 排ガス処理装置における排ガス処理方法であって、
前記排ガス処理装置が、
排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、
前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、
前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、
前記排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、
を備え、
前記排ガス処理方法が、
ａ）前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御する工程と、
ｂ）前記一酸化炭素濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記一酸化炭素濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理方法。 An exhaust gas treatment method in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus,
The exhaust gas treatment device is
an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows;
an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue;
a mercury concentration meter for measuring the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas;
a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration of the exhaust gas;
with
The exhaust gas treatment method is
a) controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent by the adsorbent supply unit based on the mercury concentration;
b) in a first state in which the carbon monoxide concentration is equal to or higher than the threshold, increasing the supply amount of the mercury sorbent than in a second state in which the carbon monoxide concentration is less than the threshold;
An exhaust gas treatment method, comprising: 排ガス処理装置における排ガス処理方法であって、 An exhaust gas treatment method in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus,
前記排ガス処理装置が、 The exhaust gas treatment device is
排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、 an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows;
前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、 an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue;
前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、 a mercury concentration meter for measuring the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記排ガスの一酸化炭素濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、 a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the carbon monoxide concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記水銀吸着剤よりも水銀の吸着性能が高い他の水銀吸着剤を前記煙道に供給可能な他の吸着剤供給部と、 another adsorbent supply unit capable of supplying another mercury adsorbent having higher mercury adsorption performance than the mercury adsorbent to the flue;
を備え、with
前記排ガス処理方法が、 The exhaust gas treatment method is
ａ）前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御する工程と、 a) controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent by the adsorbent supply unit based on the mercury concentration;
ｂ）前記一酸化炭素濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記一酸化炭素濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも、前記他の吸着剤供給部による前記他の水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する工程と、 b) in a first state in which the carbon monoxide concentration is equal to or higher than the threshold value, the other mercury adsorbent supplied by the other adsorbent supply unit is higher than in a second state in which the carbon monoxide concentration is less than the threshold value; a step of increasing the supply of
を備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理方法。An exhaust gas treatment method comprising: 排ガス処理装置における排ガス処理方法であって、 An exhaust gas treatment method in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus,
前記排ガス処理装置が、 The exhaust gas treatment device is
排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、 an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows;
前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、 an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue;
前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、 a mercury concentration meter for measuring the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、 a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas;
を備え、with
前記排ガス処理方法が、 The exhaust gas treatment method is
ａ）前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御する工程と、 a) controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent by the adsorbent supply unit based on the mercury concentration;
ｂ）前記二酸化硫黄濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する工程と、 b) in a first state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is equal to or higher than a threshold, increasing the supply amount of the mercury sorbent than in a second state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is less than the threshold;
を備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理方法。An exhaust gas treatment method comprising: 排ガス処理装置における排ガス処理方法であって、 An exhaust gas treatment method in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus,
前記排ガス処理装置が、 The exhaust gas treatment device is
排ガスが流れる煙道において前記排ガスに水銀吸着剤を供給する吸着剤供給部と、 an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows;
前記煙道において前記水銀吸着剤を捕集する吸着剤捕集部と、 an adsorbent collecting unit that collects the mercury adsorbent in the flue;
前記排ガスの水銀濃度を測定する水銀濃度計と、 a mercury concentration meter for measuring the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記排ガスの二酸化硫黄濃度を直接的または間接的に取得する濃度取得部と、 a concentration acquisition unit that directly or indirectly acquires the sulfur dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas;
前記水銀吸着剤よりも水銀の吸着性能が高い他の水銀吸着剤を前記煙道に供給可能な他の吸着剤供給部と、 another adsorbent supply unit capable of supplying another mercury adsorbent having higher mercury adsorption performance than the mercury adsorbent to the flue;
を備え、with
前記排ガス処理方法が、 The exhaust gas treatment method is
ａ）前記水銀濃度に基づいて前記吸着剤供給部による前記水銀吸着剤の供給量を制御する工程と、 a) controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent by the adsorbent supply unit based on the mercury concentration;
ｂ）前記二酸化硫黄濃度が閾値以上となる第１の状態において、前記二酸化硫黄濃度が前記閾値未満である第２の状態よりも、前記他の吸着剤供給部による前記他の水銀吸着剤の供給量を増大する工程と、 b) in a first state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is equal to or higher than the threshold, the other mercury adsorbent is supplied by the other adsorbent supply unit than in a second state in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is less than the threshold; increasing the amount;
を備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理方法。An exhaust gas treatment method comprising:
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