JP7268771B2 - Microphone and sound collection method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a microphone and a method of collecting sound.

For example, as a sound image localization technique, there is an out-of-head localization technique in which a sound image is localized outside the listener's head using headphones. In the out-of-head localization technology, the sound image is localized out of the head by canceling the characteristics from the headphones to the ears and giving the four characteristics (spatial sound transfer characteristics) from the stereo speakers to the ears.

In the out-of-head localization reproduction, a measurement signal (impulse sound, etc.) emitted from two-channel (hereinafter referred to as ch) speakers is recorded by a microphone (hereinafter referred to as a microphone) placed in the listener's own ear. Then, the processing device creates a filter based on the picked-up sound signal obtained from the impulse response. Out-of-head localization reproduction can be realized by convolving the created filter with 2-channel audio signals.

Furthermore, in order to generate a filter for canceling the characteristics from the headphones to the ears, the characteristics from the headphones to the ear to the eardrum (external auditory canal transfer function ECTF, also called external auditory canal transfer characteristics) are placed in the ears of the listener. Measure in

Patent Literature 1 discloses an earphone microphone that can be worn on a user's ear. The earphone microphone of Patent Document 1 includes a housing, a speaker, an earpiece, and a microphone.
The housing includes an accommodating portion that accommodates the speaker, and a sound cylinder portion in which the microphone is arranged. A sound tube portion of the housing is attached to the earpiece.

JP 2015-126267 A

In order to perform out-of-head localization processing, it is preferable to measure individual characteristics for both spatial sound transfer characteristics and ear canal transfer characteristics. In Patent Document 1, a measurement unit for measuring a head-related transfer function (HRTF), which is a spatial sound transfer characteristic, and a measurement unit for measuring an ear canal transfer characteristic are prepared. In other words, two earpieces of the same shape are prepared, and the microphones are arranged in the sound cylinders so that the positions of the microphones with respect to the earpieces match.

In Patent Literature 1, microphones having different spatial sound transfer characteristics and ear canal transfer characteristics are used for measurement.
Therefore, there is a possibility that characteristics may change due to individual differences in microphones. It is desirable to bring the microphone position closer to the eardrum.

The present disclosure has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide a microphone capable of appropriately picking up sound, and a method of picking up sound.

The microphone according to the present embodiment includes a cylindrical portion having a hollow portion, an ear tip provided with an abutting portion disposed outside the cylindrical portion and in contact with the inner wall surface of the ear canal, and an opening, and the opening. a cable passing through the hollow portion and a microphone element connected to the cable;
is provided.

Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a microphone capable of appropriately picking up sound, and a method of picking up sound.

1 is a block diagram showing an out-of-head localization processing apparatus according to this embodiment; FIG. FIG. 2 illustrates a measurement configuration for measuring personal characteristics; It is a figure which shows the structure of the microphone of vertical arrangement. It is a figure for demonstrating a mode that a microphone element is attached by vertical arrangement. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of a horizontally arranged microphone; It is a figure for demonstrating a mode that a microphone element is attached by horizontal arrangement. FIG. 4 is a side view showing the ear tip in a folded state; FIG. 4 is a side view showing the ear tip in an inside-out state; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the ear tip in a folded state as seen from the eardrum side. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the ear tip in a folded state as seen from the outside of the external auditory canal. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the ear tip in an inside-out state; FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the ear tip in an inside-out state; FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the ear tip in an inside-out state; FIG. 10 is a side cross-sectional view showing a state in which the earphone driver is attached to the ear tip in the vertical arrangement; FIG. 10 is a side cross-sectional view showing a state in which the earphone driver is attached to the ear tip in horizontal arrangement. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the opening is closed by the closing portion in the vertical arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the opening is closed by the closing portion in the vertical arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which an opening is closed by a closing portion in horizontal arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which an opening is closed by a closing portion in horizontal arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the opening is closed by the closing portion attached to the cable in the vertical arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the opening is closed by the closing portion attached to the cable in the vertical arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the opening is closed by the closing portion attached to the cable in the vertical arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the opening is closed by a closure attached to the cable in a lateral arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the opening is closed by a closure attached to the cable in a lateral arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the opening is closed by a closure attached to the cable in a lateral arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which an opening 55 is closed with an adhesive in vertical arrangement. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which an opening 55 is closed with an adhesive in a lateral arrangement; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which microphone elements are attached in a vertical arrangement in the microphone according to the second embodiment; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which microphone elements are attached in a vertical arrangement in the microphone according to the second embodiment; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which a microphone element is attached horizontally in the microphone according to the second embodiment; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which a microphone element is attached horizontally in the microphone according to the second embodiment; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of a microphone according to Modification 1; FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a microphone according to modification 2;

An overview of sound image localization processing according to the present embodiment will be described. The out-of-head localization processing according to this embodiment uses the spatial sound transfer characteristics and the ear canal transfer characteristics to perform the out-of-head localization processing. Spatial sound transfer characteristics are transfer characteristics from a sound source such as a speaker to the ear canal. The ear canal transfer characteristic is the transfer characteristic from the speaker unit of the headphone or earphone to the eardrum.
In this embodiment, the spatial sound transfer characteristics are measured without wearing headphones or earphones, and the ear canal transfer characteristics are measured with the headphones or earphones worn, and the head using those measurement data. External localization processing is realized. One of the features of this embodiment is the structure of a microphone and a sound collecting device for measuring the spatial sound transfer characteristics of the user (listener) or the ear canal transfer characteristics (hereinafter collectively referred to as individual characteristics). and

The out-of-head localization processing according to this embodiment is executed by a user terminal such as a personal computer, a smart phone, or a tablet PC. A user terminal is an information processing device having processing means such as a processor, storage means such as a memory and a hard disk, display means such as a liquid crystal monitor, and input means such as a touch panel, buttons, keyboard, and mouse. A user terminal may have a communication function for transmitting and receiving data. Furthermore, output means (output unit) having headphones or earphones are connected to the user terminal.
(Out-of-head stereotactic processing device)
FIG. 1 shows an out-of-head localization processing device 100, which is an example of a sound field reproducing device according to this embodiment. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an out-of-head localization processing apparatus 100. As shown in FIG. The out-of-head localization processing device 100 reproduces a sound field for the user U wearing the headphones 43 . Therefore, the out-of-head localization processing apparatus 100 performs sound image localization processing on the Lch and Rch stereo input signals XL and XR. The Lch and Rch stereo input signals XL and XR are analog audio reproduction signals output from a CD (Compact Disc) player or the like, or digital audio data such as mp3 (MPEG Audio Layer-3). Note that the audio reproduction signal or digital audio data will be collectively referred to as a reproduction signal. That is, Lch and Rch stereo input signal XL
, and XR are reproduction signals.

It should be noted that the out-of-head localization processing apparatus 100 is not limited to a physically single apparatus, and part of the processing may be performed by a different apparatus. For example, part of the processing may be performed by a personal computer or the like, and the rest of the processing may be performed by a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) built into the headphones 43 or the like.

The out-of-head localization processing device 100 includes an out-of-head localization processing unit 10, a filter unit 41, a filter unit 42,
and headphones 43 are provided. The out-of-head localization processing unit 10, filter unit 41, and filter unit 42 can be specifically realized by a processor or the like.

The out-of-head localization processing unit 10 includes convolution calculation units 11 to 12, 21 to 22, and adders 24, 2
5. The convolution calculation units 11 to 12 and 21 to 22 perform convolution processing using spatial acoustic transfer characteristics. Stereo input signals XL and XR from a CD player or the like are input to the out-of-head localization processing unit 10 . Spatial sound transfer characteristics are set in the out-of-head localization processing unit 10 . The out-of-head localization processing unit 10 convolves a spatial acoustic transfer characteristic filter (hereinafter also referred to as a spatial acoustic filter) to the stereo input signals XL and XR of each channel. The spatial sound transfer characteristic may be a head-related transfer function HRTF measured on the head or pinna of the person to be measured, or may be a head-related transfer function of a dummy head or a third party.

A set of four spatial acoustic transfer characteristics Hls, Hlo, Hro, and Hrs is defined as a spatial acoustic transfer function. The data used for convolution in the convolution calculation units 11, 12, 21, and 22 serve as spatial acoustic filters. A spatial acoustic filter is generated by cutting out the spatial acoustic transfer characteristics Hls, Hlo, Hro, and Hrs with a predetermined filter length.

Spatial sound transfer characteristics Hls, Hlo, Hro, and Hrs are obtained in advance by impulse response measurement or the like. For example, the user U wears microphones on the left and right ears, respectively. The left and right speakers placed in front of the user U respectively output impulse sounds for impulse response measurement. Then, a measurement signal such as an impulse sound output from the speaker is picked up by a microphone. Spatial sound transfer characteristic Hl
s, Hlo, Hro, Hrs are obtained. Spatial sound transfer characteristics Hls between the left speaker and the left microphone, Spatial sound transfer characteristics Hlo between the left speaker and the right microphone, Spatial sound transfer characteristics Hro between the right speaker and the left microphone, Right speaker and the right microphone The spatial sound transfer characteristic Hrs between is measured.

Then, the convolution calculation unit 11 convolves the Lch stereo input signal XL with a spatial acoustic filter corresponding to the spatial acoustic transfer characteristic Hls. The convolution calculation unit 11 outputs the convolution calculation data to the adder 24 . The convolution calculation unit 21 converts the Rch stereo input signal XR
A spatial acoustic filter corresponding to the spatial acoustic transfer characteristic Hro is convoluted with respect to . The convolution calculation unit 21 outputs convolution calculation data to the adder 24 . The adder 24 adds the two pieces of convolution operation data and outputs the result to the filter section 41 .

The convolution calculation unit 12 calculates the spatial sound transfer characteristic Hl for the Lch stereo input signal XL.
Convolve the spatial acoustic filter according to o. The convolution calculation unit 12 outputs the convolution calculation data to the adder 25 . The convolution calculation unit 22 convolves a spatial acoustic filter corresponding to the spatial acoustic transfer characteristic Hrs with respect to the Rch stereo input signal XR. The convolution calculation unit 22 outputs the convolution calculation data to the adder 25 . The adder 25 adds the two pieces of convolution operation data and outputs the result to the filter section 42 .

An inverse filter that cancels headphone characteristics (characteristics between the reproduction unit of the headphone and the microphone) is set in the filter units 41 and 42 . Then, the reproduced signal (convolution operation signal) processed by the out-of-head localization processing unit 10 is convoluted with the inverse filter. In the filter unit 41, the Lch signal from the adder 24 is convolved with an inverse filter of the headphone characteristics on the Lch side. Similarly, the filter unit 42 convolves the Rch signal from the adder 25 with an inverse filter of headphone characteristics on the Rch side. The inverse filter cancels the characteristics from the headphone unit to the microphone when the headphones 43 are worn. The microphone can be placed anywhere between the ear canal entrance and the eardrum. The inverse filter is calculated from the measurement results of the characteristics of the user U himself, as will be described later.

Filter section 41 outputs processed Lch signal YL to left unit 43L of headphone 43 . The filter section 42 outputs the processed Rch signal YR to the right unit 43R of the headphone 43 . A user U wears headphones 43 . Headphones 43 are L
A ch signal YL and an Rch signal YR (hereinafter, the Lch signal YL and the Rch signal are collectively referred to as a stereo signal) are output to the user U. Thereby, a sound image localized outside the head of the user U can be reproduced. Moreover, as will be described later, stereo signals YL and YR include DR
C treatment is applied.

In this way, the out-of-head localization processing apparatus 100 uses the spatial sound transfer characteristics Hls, Hlo, Hro,
Out-of-head localization processing is performed using a spatial acoustic filter corresponding to Hrs and an inverse filter for headphone characteristics. In the following description, spatial sound transfer characteristics Hls, Hlo, Hro, Hr
A spatial acoustic filter corresponding to s and an inverse filter for headphone characteristics are collectively referred to as an out-of-head localization processing filter. In the case of a 2ch stereo reproduction signal, the out-of-head localization filter is composed of four spatial acoustic filters and two inverse filters. Then, the out-of-head localization processing device 10
0 executes out-of-head localization processing by performing convolution processing on the stereo reproduction signal using a total of six out-of-head localization filters. The out-of-head localization filter is preferably based on user U's individual measurements. For example, an out-of-head localization filter is set based on a sound signal picked up by a microphone attached to the user's U ear.

Thus, the spatial acoustic filter and the inverse headphone characteristic filter are filters for audio signals. By convolving these filters with the reproduced signals (stereo input signals XL and XR), the out-of-head localization processing apparatus 100 executes out-of-head localization processing.

In FIG. 1, out-of-head localization processing apparatus 100 uses headphones 43 to perform out-of-head localization processing. A localization process may be implemented.
(filter generator)
A filter generation device that measures spatial acoustic transfer characteristics (hereinafter referred to as transfer characteristics) and generates a filter will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the filter generation device 200. As shown in FIG. Note that the filter generation device 200 is the out-of-head localization processing device 1 shown in FIG.
00 may be a common device. Alternatively, part or all of the filter generation device 200 may be a device different from the out-of-head localization processing device 100 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , the filter generation device 200 has a stereo speaker 5 , a stereo microphone 2 and a signal processing device 201 . A stereo speaker 5 is installed in the measurement environment.

In this embodiment, the signal processing device 201 of the filter generation device 200 performs arithmetic processing for appropriately generating a filter according to the transfer characteristics. The signal processing device 201 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet terminal, a smart phone, or the like.

The signal processing device 201 generates measurement signals and outputs them to the stereo speakers 5 . note that,
The signal processing device 201 uses impulse signals and T
SP (Time Stretched Pulse) signals and the like are generated. The measurement signal contains a measurement sound, such as an impulse sound. The signal processing device 201 also acquires a sound signal picked up by the stereo microphone 2 . The signal processing device 201 has a memory or the like for storing measurement data of transfer characteristics.

The stereo speaker 5 has a left speaker 5L and a right speaker 5R. For example, a left speaker 5L and a right speaker 5R are installed in front of the person 1 to be measured. The left speaker 5L and the right speaker 5R output impulse sounds and the like for impulse response measurement. Hereinafter, in the present embodiment, the number of speakers serving as sound sources is assumed to be 2 (stereo speakers).
The number of sound sources used for measurement is not limited to two, and may be one or more. That is, 1ch monaural,
Alternatively, the present embodiment can be similarly applied to so-called multi-channel environments such as 5.1ch and 7.1ch.

The stereo microphone 2 has a left microphone 2L and a right microphone 2R. Left mic 2L
is installed on the subject's 1 left ear 9L, and the right microphone 2R is installed on the subject's 1 right ear 9R. Specifically, it is preferable to install the microphones 2L and 2R at positions from the entrance of the ear canal of the left ear 9L and the right ear 9R to the eardrum. The microphones 2L and 2R pick up the measurement signal output from the stereo speaker 5 and output the picked-up sound signal to the signal processing device 201. FIG. The person 1 to be measured may be a person or a dummy head. That is, in the present embodiment, the person to be measured 1 is a concept that includes not only a person but also a dummy head. Here, it is assumed that the person to be measured 1 is the same person as the user U who listens with the out-of-head localization processing apparatus shown in FIG.

As described above, the measurement signals output from the left and right speakers 5L and 5R are transmitted to the microphones 2L and 2R.
Then, an impulse response is obtained based on the collected sound signal. The filter generation device 200 stores, in a memory or the like, the picked-up sound signal acquired based on the impulse response measurement. As a result, the transfer characteristic Hls between the left speaker 5L and the left microphone 2L, the transfer characteristic Hlo between the left speaker 5L and the right microphone 2R, and the transfer characteristic H between the right speaker 5R and the left microphone 2L
ro, the transfer characteristic Hrs between the right speaker 5R and the right microphone 2R is measured. i.e.
The transfer characteristic Hl
s is obtained. The transfer characteristic Hlo is acquired by the right microphone 2R picking up the measurement signal output from the left speaker 5L. The measurement signal output from the right speaker 5R is transmitted to the left microphone 2
The transfer characteristic Hro is acquired by L picking up the sound. The transfer characteristic Hrs is acquired by the right microphone 2R picking up the measurement signal output from the right speaker 5R.

Then, the filter generation device 200 selects the left and right speakers 5L and 5R based on the collected sound signal.
to the left and right microphones 2L, 2R according to the transfer characteristics Hls, Hlo, Hro, Hrs. By doing so, the filter generation device 200 generates a filter used for the convolution operation of the out-of-head localization processing device 100 . As shown in FIG. 1, the out-of-head localization processing device 100 uses filters corresponding to the transfer characteristics Hls, Hlo, Hro, Hrs between the left and right speakers 5L, 5R and the left and right microphones 2L, 2R. External localization processing is performed. That is, out-of-head localization processing is performed by convolving an audio reproduction signal with a filter corresponding to the transfer characteristic.

Microphones 2L and 2R are ear microphones worn on the ears. The microphones 2L and 2R can measure not only the spatial sound transfer characteristics but also the ear canal transfer characteristics. in particular,
Earphone drivers are detachably attached to the microphones 2L and 2R. With the earphone driver attached, the signal processing device 201 can measure the ear canal transfer characteristics. By removing the earphone driver, the signal processing device 201 can measure the spatial sound transfer characteristics.

The structures of the microphones 2L and 2R will be described below. Since the microphones 2L and 2R have the same structure, only the microphone 2L will be described below, and the description of the microphone 2R will be omitted.
Embodiment 1.
In the present embodiment, the structure of the ear tip (also referred to as ear pad) used for the microphone 2L is changed according to the size of the external auditory canal of the person 1 to be measured. That is, two types of ear tips are prepared, and two types of ear tips are used according to the size of the external auditory canal of the person 1 to be measured. The placement of the microphone element is different between the two ear tips. It is preferable to arrange the microphone element in the ear tip used for the subject 1 who has a large ear canal vertically, and to arrange the microphone element in the ear tip used for the subject 1 who has a small ear canal horizontally. The direction of the microphone element differs by 90° between the vertical arrangement and the horizontal arrangement.
(Vertical configuration)
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the vertically arranged ear tip 50. As shown in FIG. The drawings shown below are appropriately simplified and do not reflect actual shapes and dimensions. The following figures show an XYZ three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system for simplification of explanation. The direction along the ear canal is the Z direction, also called the axial direction. The XY plane is a plane perpendicular to the Z direction. This XYZ direction is applied even when the microphone 2L is not attached. A in each figure is ZY
2 shows a cross-sectional view, B shows an XY plan view seen from the eardrum side of the ear canal, and C shows an XY plan view seen from the outside of the ear canal.

FIG. 3 shows the microphone 2L with no speaker driver attached. In other words, a state in which the speaker driver is removed from the ear chip 50 for the microphone 2L in order to measure the spatial sound transfer characteristics will be described.

In the XY plane, the central axis of the ear canal is defined as the central axis Z0, and the circumferential direction and the radial direction are defined on the basis of a circle centered on the central axis Z0. The +Z side is the back side of the ear canal (eardrum side), and the -Z side is the outside of the ear canal.

The microphone 2L has an ear tip 50 and a microphone element 91. - 特許庁ear tip 5
0 is made of an elastic material and is press-fitted into the ear canal. For example, ear tip 50
is formed in the shape of a hollow cannonball.

The ear tip 50 includes a cylindrical portion 51 , a contact portion 52 , a convex portion 53 , a connecting portion 58 and a support portion 61 . The ear tip 50 is made of, for example, an elastic material such as silicone resin. That is, the ear tip 50 is a resin-molded product in which the cylindrical portion 51, the contact portion 52, the connecting portion 58, and the support portion 61 are integrally molded. The total length of the ear tip 50 in the Z direction is approximately 8.5 mm.

A cylindrical portion 51 has a cylindrical shape along the ear canal and has a hollow portion 54 . That is, the cylindrical portion 51 is a tube made of silicone resin. The hollow portion 54 has a circular cross section. Here, the axial center of the cylindrical portion 51 coincides with the central axis Z0 of the external auditory canal. The inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 51, that is, the diameter of the hollow portion 54 is approximately 5 mm.

The contact portion 52 is arranged outside the cylindrical portion 51 and contacts the inner wall surface of the ear canal. The ear tip 50 is formed in the shape of a hollow cannonball. Therefore, the outer diameter of the contact portion 52 gradually increases from the +Z side toward the -Z side. Alternatively, the contact portion 52 may be formed in a cylindrical shape with a constant outer diameter. The maximum outer diameter of the contact portion 52 is approximately 12 mm.

When the ear tip 50 is fitted into the ear canal, the contact portion 52 contacts the inner wall surface of the ear canal and deforms. The contact portion 52 contracts radially inward and generates an elastic force radially outward. The elastic force of the contact portion 52 fixes the ear tip 50 in the ear canal.

The cylindrical portion 51 is arranged inside the contact portion 52 (on the central axis Z0 side). The contact portion 52 and the cylindrical portion 51 are connected via a connecting portion 58 on the +Z side (the eardrum side of the external auditory canal).
The connecting portion 58 is arranged at the tip of the +Z side of the ear tip 50 . In addition, the connecting portion 58 connects the contact portion 52 and the cylindrical portion 51 over the entire circumferential direction. A gap 57 is provided in the space between the contact portion 52 and the cylindrical portion 51 . The cylindrical portion 51 has a thickness of about 0.5 to 2
. The inner skin has a thickness of 0 mm, and the contact portion 52 has an outer skin having a thickness of about 0.1 to 1.0 mm.

In this embodiment, the contact portion 52 has a flange structure that can be folded back. in short,
With the connection portion 58 as a base point, the contact portion 52 can be turned over to the +Z side (see FIG. 4). By turning the contact portion 52 upside down, the microphone element 91 can be attached and detached. The contact portion 52 is a flange portion extending from one end of the cylindrical portion 51 . The +Z side end of the contact portion 52 is
It is connected to the cylindrical portion 51 via the connecting portion 58, and the −Z side end of the contact portion 52 is an open end.

A convex portion 53 is provided inside the cylindrical portion 51 . The projecting portion 53 serves as a locking piece for locking the speaker driver as will be described later. In other words, the convex portion 53 is arranged on the −Z side of the supporting column portion 61 . In FIG. 3, the convex portion 53 is formed over the entire circumferential direction, but may be formed only partially in the circumferential direction. Further, when the speaker driver is press-fitted into the cylindrical portion 51, the convex portion 53 is not required.

A strut portion 61 is provided inside the cylindrical portion 51 . The column portion 61 is +
It is arranged near the end on the Z side. The column portion 61 is provided along the Y direction. Specifically, the strut portion 61 is arranged across the hollow portion 54 and connected to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 51 . In other words, both ends of the column portion 61 in the Y direction are connected to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 51 . A strut portion 61 is provided from the +Y side end of the hollow portion 54 to the -Y side end.
In addition, although the column portion 61 is provided along the Y direction, it may be provided along the X direction or other directions along the XY plane.

The microphone element 91 is attached to the support 61 . The microphone element 91 is a MEMS (
Micro Electrical Mechanical System) microphone. One side of the microphone element 91 is 2 to 3
A rectangular substrate having a size of about 1 mm and a thickness of about 1 mm is provided. The microphone element 91 includes a sound pickup section 92
is provided. The sound pickup part 92 has a circular shape with a diameter of about 0.8 mm in plan view. The sound collecting portion 92 is provided with a sound collecting hole, a diaphragm, and the like. The sound pickup unit 92 converts the vibration of the diaphragm into an electric signal and outputs it through the cable 93 . Sound pickup part 9
2 is arranged on the central axis Z0.

The post portion 61 is provided with a housing portion 62 for housing the microphone element 91 . Specifically, the housing portion 62 is an internal space provided in the support portion 61 . The accommodation portion 62 is connected to an opening portion 55 which will be described later. A microphone element 91 is fitted in the accommodating portion 62 . Furthermore, a microphone hole 63 is formed on the central axis Z0 of the support pillar 61 . The microphone hole 63 is
It communicates with the housing portion 62 . A sound pickup portion 92 of the microphone element 91 is arranged in the microphone hole 63 . Thereby, the microphone element 91 can be fixed at an appropriate position. A microphone element 91 is fixed to the post 61 so that the sound pickup part 92 faces the -Z side. For example, the thickness direction of the microphone element 91 matches the Z direction. That is, the sound pickup direction of the microphone element 91 is the Z direction. Note that the sound pickup direction is a direction perpendicular to the diaphragm of the sound pickup unit 92 .

A cable 93 is connected to the microphone element 91 . The cable 93 includes a power cable, a signal cable, etc., and is electrically connected to the power terminal, signal terminal, ground terminal, etc. of the microphone element 91 . The cable 93 passes through the opening 55 provided in the side wall of the cylindrical portion 51,
It is pulled out into the gap 57 . That is, the cable 93 is connected to the microphone element 91 from the -Y side. One end of the cable 93 is connected to the microphone element 91, and the other end is connected to the gap 57.
to the outside of the ear canal. The opening 55 is formed in the vicinity of the −Y side end of the cylindrical portion 51 .

FIG. 4 shows how the microphone element 91 is arranged vertically in the cylindrical portion 51 . As described above,
The contact portion 52 is turned over in the direction of the arrow A1 with the connecting portion 58 as a base point. Thereby, the microphone element 91 can be inserted into the opening 55 .

Specifically, the microphone element 91 can be inserted in the +Y direction from the opening 55 formed in the side wall of the cylindrical portion 51 . In other words, when the microphone element 91 is pushed in the +Y direction from the opening 55 , the microphone element 91 passes through the opening 55 and is fitted into the accommodating portion 62 of the support 61 . The microphone element 91 passing through the opening 55 from the outside of the cylindrical portion 51 enters the accommodation portion 6 of the support 61.
2 is accommodated.

The microphone element 91 is inserted in the +Y direction until the sound pickup portion 92 of the microphone element 91 reaches the microphone hole 63 . Thereby, the microphone element 91 can be attached to the support 61 . A cable 93 connected to the microphone element 91 passes through the opening 55 and passes through the hollow portion 5 .
4 is pulled out. Then, by returning the turned over contact portion 52 to its original state, the configuration shown in FIG. 3 is obtained. That is, by folding back the contact portion 52 in the opposite direction of the arrow A1 with the connection portion 58 as a base point, the configuration shown in FIG. 3 is restored.

In the folded state, the opening 55 is covered with the contact portion 52 . This will
The position of the microphone element 91 is fixed. Furthermore, since the contact portion 52 covers the opening portion 55, the airtightness of the sound path can be improved. A contact portion 52 is arranged between the cable 93 and the inner wall of the ear canal. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the cable 93 from coming into contact with the inner wall of the external auditory canal. As a result, it is possible to reduce the noise caused by the pulse sound of the subject 1 or the like.

As described above, in the case of the person to be measured 1 whose ear canal has a large hole diameter, the cylindrical portion 51 includes the strut portion 6
It is preferable to use an ear tip 50 with 1 placed thereon. Even when the ear tip 50 is strongly pushed into the external auditory canal, the ear tip 50 can be prevented from being significantly deformed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the direction of the microphone element 91 from greatly tilting, and it is possible to appropriately pick up the sound.

Furthermore, since the sound pickup part 92 of the microphone element 91 faces outward, sound can be picked up appropriately. Furthermore, the support 61 and the microphone element 91 are arranged so as not to block the hollow portion 54 . Since the hollow portion 54 communicates with the eardrum through both sides of the strut portion 61, the hollow portion 5
4 is a sound path from the outside to the eardrum. Sound can be picked up appropriately without blocking the sound path.

It is possible to arrange the microphone element 91 at a position closer to the eardrum, so that sound can be picked up at an ideal sound pickup position. Furthermore, the ear tip 50 is provided with an opening 55 for passing the cable 93 therethrough. A cable 93 is led out to the gap 57 through the opening 55 . In other words, it is possible to suppress the influence of the routing of the cable 93 and appropriately collect sound.

Thus, according to the present embodiment, personal characteristics can be measured with the microphone element 91 arranged at an appropriate position. Moreover, the microphone element 91 can be securely fixed without using an adhesive. Since no adhesive is used, the microphone element 91 can be removed by turning the contact portion 52 upside down.
[Horizontal configuration]
Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the configuration of the laterally arranged ear tip 50A will be described. FIG. 5A shows a YZ cross-sectional view, FIG. 5B shows an XY plan view seen from the eardrum side of the ear canal, and FIG.
XY plane view seen from the outside of the ear canal is shown.

In the lateral configuration, the ear tip 50A does not have the strut portion 61. As shown in FIG. A housing portion 67 is provided on the inner peripheral surface 51 a of the cylindrical portion 51 . In other words, with the ear tip 50A,
A holding portion 66 is provided instead of the support portion 61 . Cylindrical portion 51, contact portion 52, convex portion 53
The basic shape, size, etc. are the same as those of the ear tip 50 . Cylindrical portion 51
, the contact portion 52, the convex portion 53, and the holding portion 66 are integrally formed.

The holding portion 66 protrudes from the inner peripheral surface 51a toward the central axis Z0. The holding portion 66 is arranged in the hollow portion 54 . The holding portion 66 is a hollow block, and the surface on the +X side and Z side is open. An internal space of the holding portion 66 serves as a housing portion 67 for arranging the microphone element 91 . A microphone hole 68 is provided on the +Y side surface of the holding portion 66 .

The microphone element 91 is arranged away from the central axis Z0. Here, the microphone element 91
is arranged on the -Y side of the central axis Z0. A sound pickup part 92 of the microphone element 91 is arranged facing the +Y side. Therefore, the sound pickup direction of the microphone element 91 is the Y direction. The microphone element 91 is arranged near the +Z side end of the cylindrical portion 51 .

Furthermore, in the vertical arrangement, the +Z side surface of the holding portion 66 is open, and the cable 93 is connected to the microphone element 91 from the +Z side. An opening 55 is formed in the ear tip 50A as in the vertical arrangement. In the ear tip 50</b>A arranged vertically, the opening 55 is not limited to the cylindrical portion 51 , but may be the connecting portion 58 or the contact portion 52 . cable 93
are led through the opening 55 into the gap 57 . The cable 93 is pulled out through the gap 57 to the outside of the ear canal.

In the lateral arrangement, a structure in which the strut portion 61 crossing the hollow portion 54 is not provided can be employed. Therefore, the amount of elastic deformation of the ear tip 50A can be increased, and the ear tip 50A can be fitted into a smaller external auditory canal. A microphone element 91 is held on the inner peripheral surface 51 a of the cylindrical portion 51 rather than on the support portion 61 . Therefore, even when the ear tip 50A is deformed, the microphone element 91 does not greatly tilt.

It is possible to arrange the microphone element 91 at a position closer to the eardrum. The holding portion 66 and the microphone element 91 are arranged so as not to block the hollow portion 54 . The hollow portion 54 forms a sound path communicating with the eardrum. Sound can be appropriately collected without blocking the external auditory canal (sound path) up to the eardrum.

Next, FIG. 6 shows how the microphone element 91 is horizontally arranged in the cylindrical portion 51 . Contact portion 5
2 is turned over in the direction of arrow A2 with the connecting portion 58 as a base point. Thereby, the microphone element 91 can be inserted into the opening 55 .

Specifically, the microphone element 91 can be inserted in the −Z direction through the opening 55 formed around the connecting portion 58 . The microphone element 91 is fitted into the holding portion 66 through the opening 55 .

The microphone element 91 is inserted in the -Z direction until the sound pickup portion 92 of the microphone element 91 reaches the microphone hole 68 . That is, the microphone element 91 is housed in the housing portion 67 by pushing the microphone element 91 in the -Z direction. Thereby, the microphone element 91 can be attached to the holding portion 66 .

Then, by returning the contact portion 52 turned upside down, the configuration shown in FIG. 5 is obtained. That is, by folding back the contact portion 52 in the direction opposite to the arrow A2 with the connection portion 58 as a base point, the configuration shown in FIG. 5 is restored. In this state, since the opening 55 is covered with the contact portion 52, it is not exposed to the outside. A cable 93 connected to the microphone element 91 is pulled out of the hollow portion 54 through the opening 55 . That is, the cable 93 passes through the gap 57 between the cylindrical portion 51 and the contact portion 52 and is pulled out to the outside of the ear canal.

As described above, in the case of the person 1 to be measured whose ear canal has a small hole diameter, the cylindrical portion 51 contains the holding portion 6
An ear tip 50A on which 6 is arranged is used. The height of the holding portion 66 in the Y direction may be approximately the thickness of the substrate of the microphone element 91 . It is possible to arrange the holding portion 66 and the microphone element 91 so as not to block the hollow portion 54 . Accordingly, sound can be appropriately collected without blocking the external auditory canal up to the eardrum.

It is possible to arrange the microphone element 91 at a position closer to the eardrum, so that sound can be picked up at an ideal sound pickup position. Furthermore, the ear tip 50A is provided with an opening 55 for passing the cable 93 therethrough. A cable 93 is led out to the gap 57 through the opening 55 . In other words, it is possible to suppress the influence of the routing of the cable 93 and appropriately collect sound.

It is possible to arrange the microphone element 91 at a position closer to the eardrum. Additionally, a cable 93 is led out through the opening 55 into the gap 57 . In other words, it is possible to suppress the influence of the routing of the cable 93 and appropriately collect sound. By turning over the contact portion 52, the microphone element 91 can be removed.

Whether to adopt the vertical arrangement or the horizontal arrangement may be determined according to the size of the subject's 1 external auditory canal. In other words, the person to be measured 1 may wear the ear tip 50 and the ear tip 50A in order, compare the feeling of wearing, and select an appropriate ear tip. Specifically, when the vertically arranged ear tip 50 cannot be fully fitted into the ear canal, the horizontally arranged ear tip 50A is used. Also, a plurality of ear tips 50 and 50A may be prepared for each size. For example, three sizes of ear tips 50, 5, large, medium, and small
0A is prepared respectively. Then, according to the size of the ear canal, the most appropriate size ear tip may be selected.
[Configuration of ear tip 50]
Next, an example of a specific configuration of the vertically arranged ear tip 50 will be described. FIG. 7 is a side view showing the ear tip 50 with the contact portion 52 folded back (hereinafter referred to as a folded state). FIG. 8 shows the ear tip 50 with the contact portion 52 turned over (turned over).
It is a side view showing As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the outer shape of the contact portion 52 is cylindrical. That is, the contact portion 52 has a constant outer diameter regardless of the Z position. Further, the projections 53 are omitted in the following figures.

As shown in FIG. 7, the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 51 is covered with the contact portion 52 in the folded state. The contact portion 52 is in contact with the inner wall surface S of the external auditory canal EC. As shown in FIG. 8, by turning over the contact portion 52, the outer peripheral surface 51b of the cylindrical portion 51 is exposed. In the upside-down state, the contact portion 52 extends to the +Z side, and the cylindrical portion 51 extends to the -Z side, with the connecting portion 58 as a base point. The contact portion 52 is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 51 .

9 and 10 are perspective views showing the ear tip 50 in a folded state. Figure 11, Figure 1
2 and 13 are perspective views showing the ear tip 50 in an inverted state. 9 and 12 are views viewed from the eardrum side, and FIGS. 10 and 11 are views viewed from the outside. FIG. 13 shows the opening 5
It is the figure seen from the 5 side.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, a support 61 is provided along the Y direction. Therefore, both sides of the strut portion 61 in the X direction form a sound path. Therefore, sound can be collected without blocking the space up to the eardrum.

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, a housing portion 62 for housing the microphone element 91 is formed in the center of the post portion 61 . The housing portion 62 is a space for housing the microphone element 91 . The post 61 has a circular microphone hole 6 in which the sound pickup part 92 of the microphone element 91 is arranged.
3 is formed. The housing portion 62 and the microphone hole 63 are in communication.

As shown in FIG. 11, by folding back the contact portion 52, the opening portion 5 provided in the cylindrical portion 51 is opened.
5 is exposed. A housing portion 62 of the support portion 61 is arranged at the location where the opening portion 55 is formed. As shown in FIG. 13 , the cylindrical portion 51 is provided with a rectangular opening 55 .

By folding back the contact portion 52, the opening portion 55 is exposed, so that the microphone element 91 (see FIGS. 3, 4, etc.) can be easily attached. When the person to be measured 1 is wearing the microphone 2L (hereinafter, when the microphone is worn), the contact portion 52 is folded back. Therefore, since the contact portion 52 covers the opening portion 55, it is possible to prevent the microphone element 91 from falling off. Furthermore, a cable 93 passes through the gap 57 between the cylindrical portion 51 and the contact portion 52 . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the cable 93 from coming into contact with the inner wall surface S of the external auditory canal EC. Even if the cable 93 is cut when the microphone is attached, the microphone element 91 can be prevented from entering the ear canal.
[Wearing the earphone driver]
Next, a configuration in which an earphone driver is attached to the ear chip 50 will be described with reference to FIGS.
Description will be made with reference to FIG. 14 is a side sectional view showing the configuration of the microphone 2L with the earphone driver 80 attached to the ear chip 50. FIG. FIG. 14 shows an ear tip 50
FIG. 10 is a side cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the microphone 2L with the earphone driver 80 attached to A. FIG.

14 and 15, the microphone 2L with the earphone driver 80 attached is shown as the sound pickup device 4. FIG. The sound pickup device 4 includes ear tips 50 and 50A and a microphone element 91.
and an earphone driver 80.

The earphone driver 80 includes a sound tube portion 82 , a driver cable 83 , a tip portion 85 and a base portion 86 . The base portion 86 is a portion positioned outside the ear canal when the sound collecting device 4 is reached. The sound tube portion 82 is a portion extending from the base portion 86 toward the eardrum along the central axis Z0, and has a cylindrical shape. The tip portion 85 is a portion of the sound tube portion 82 that is arranged on the eardrum side.

A diaphragm and a drive section are housed inside the base section 86 . The drive section includes an actuator that vibrates the diaphragm in response to an electrical signal. Specifically, actuators such as piezoelectric elements and voice coils are arranged inside the base 86 . The base portion 86 is the sound cylinder portion 8
2, and has a larger profile than the tip 85. The outer diameter of the base portion 86 is larger than the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 51 . The base portion 86 is arranged outside the cylindrical portion 51 .

A tone cylinder portion 82 extends on the +Z side of the base portion 86 . The sound cylinder part 82 is cylindrical. In other words, the inside of the sound cylinder portion 82 is hollow. The tip portion 85 is the portion closest to the eardrum, and has an outer shape larger than that of the sound tube portion 82 . The tip portion 85 is cylindrical. Note that the distal end portion 85 may be provided with a non-woven fabric or the like to prevent dust from entering inside. Sound generated at the base portion 86 is output through the sound cylinder portion 82 and the tip portion 85 . The end face on the +Z side of the tip portion 85 serves as a sound output face. Sound (air vibration) output from the tip portion 85 propagates through the hollow portion 54 and is picked up by the microphone element 91 .

The tip portion 85 and the sound cylinder portion 82 are inserted into the cylindrical portion 51 . That is, the tip portion 85 and the sound cylinder portion 82 are arranged in the hollow portion 54 . Ear tips 50 and 50A
, the earphone driver 80 is locked. That is, the sound cylinder part 82 is inserted into the cylindrical part 51 so that the tip part 85 goes over the convex part 53 . Therefore, the earphone driver 80 is prevented from coming off because the protrusion 53 locks the tip 85 .

Extending from the base 86 is a driver cable 83 that is connected to the actuator. A driver cable 83 is provided to supply power and measurement signals to the actuator. The driver cable 83 is bundled with the cable 93 and pulled out of the ear canal.

In the vertical arrangement, the sound output surface (the end surface on the +Z side of the tip portion 85) and the sound pickup portion 92 of the microphone element 91
are placed facing each other. Therefore, the microphone element 91 can more appropriately pick up the sound output from the earphone driver 80 . Note that although the direction in which the microphone element 91 is installed differs between the horizontal arrangement and the vertical arrangement, there is no significant difference in auditory perception. In addition, there is no significant difference in the ear canal transfer characteristics measured between the vertical arrangement and the horizontal arrangement, and the characteristics are almost the same especially in the low frequency band.

When performing out-of-head localization listening without performing measurement, the earphone driver 80 is attached to the ear chip on which the microphone element 91 is not mounted. An earphone driver 80 is attached to an ear tip having a general shape such as a hollow cannonball shape. For example, the earphone driver 80 is attached to an ear chip that does not have the holding portion 66 or the contact portion 52 but has the cylindrical portion 51 and the contact portion 52 . Then, the out-of-head localization processing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 performs the out-of-head localization processing, so that the sound image can be localized out of the head. The ear tip used for out-of-head stereotactic listening preferably has a cylindrical portion 51 and a contact portion 52 having the same shape as the ear tips 50 and 50A used in the measurement of personal characteristics.
[Clogging of opening 55]
If the opening 55 for passing the cable 93 weakens the airtightness, the opening 5
5 is preferably occluded. In this case, it is preferable that the contact portion 52 closes the opening portion 55 . It is preferable to have a structure in which the contact portion 52 is pressed against the opening portion 55 by folding the contact portion 52 .

Furthermore, it is possible to provide a closing portion for closing at least a portion of the opening 55 in order to improve airtightness. 16 and 17 show the configuration of the blocking portion that blocks the opening 55 in the vertical arrangement. FIG. 16 shows a side cross-sectional view of the inside out state, and FIG. 17 shows the folded state. As shown in FIG. 17, a closing portion 59 is provided at a position corresponding to the opening portion 55 of the contact portion 52 . The closing portion 59 functions as a lid or cover that covers at least part of the opening 55 .

The closing portion 59 is formed integrally with the contact portion 52 and the like as part of the ear tip 50 . The closing portion 59 is made of silicone resin. The closing portion 59 is a block formed in the vicinity of the connecting portion 58 of the contact portion 52 . When the microphone element 91 is attached to the post 61 through the opening 55 as described with reference to FIG. 4, the configuration shown in FIG. 16 is obtained. And Figure 1
6, the closing portion 59 is fitted into the opening portion 55 as shown in FIG.

As a result, at least a portion of the opening 55 can be blocked, and sound can be collected in a state in which the airtightness of the hollow portion 54 serving as a sound path is increased. In addition, as shown in FIG. 17B, the closing portion 59
protrudes to the hollow portion 54, but may not protrude.

18 and 19 are diagrams showing a configuration in which a closing portion 59 is provided in horizontal arrangement. Even in the lateral arrangement, a closing portion 59 is provided at a position corresponding to the opening portion 55 of the contact portion 52 .
The blocking portion 59 is formed integrally with the contact portion 52 and the like as part of the ear tip 50A. Therefore, the closing portion 59 is made of silicone resin.

When the microphone element 91 is attached to the holding portion 66 through the opening 55 as described with reference to FIG. 6, the configuration shown in FIG. 18 is obtained. When attaching the microphone element 91 to the holding part 66 , the contact part 52 is turned upside down to a position where the closing part 59 does not interfere with the microphone element 91 . 18, the closing portion 59 is fitted into the opening portion 55 as shown in FIG. As a result, a part of the opening 55 can be blocked, and the hollow portion 54 serving as a sound path can be closed.
airtightness can be improved. In addition, the closing portion 59 is not limited to a configuration that completely closes the opening portion 55 , and may have a configuration that partially closes the opening portion 55 .

As a result, the opening 55 is covered with the closed portion 59, so sound can be collected in a state in which the airtightness of the hollow portion 54 serving as a sound path is increased. Note that the closing portion 59 may not be formed on the contact portion 52 . For example, it may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 51 or the connecting portion 58 .

Furthermore, it is also possible to use the ear tip 50, the ear tip 50A, and a separate closing part. 20, 21, and 22, the configuration of the closing portion formed separately from the ear tip 50 in the vertical arrangement will be described below. As shown in FIGS. 20, 21 and 22, the closure 69 is a block attached to the cable 93. As shown in FIG. A through hole for passing the cable 93 is formed in the closing portion 69 , and the cable 93 passes through the closing portion 69 .
Closure 69 slides along cable 93 . The closing portion 69 is made of silicone resin.

When the microphone element 91 is attached to the post 61 as described in FIG. 4, it becomes as shown in FIG. In this state, when the closing portion 69 is slid to the position of the opening portion 55, the state shown in FIG. 21 is obtained. Since the closing portion 69 is fitted into the opening portion 55 , the opening portion 55 is closed by the closing portion 69 . When the contact portion 52 is turned over in the direction of arrow A3 in FIG. 21, it becomes as shown in FIG. As a result, the opening 55 is covered, so sound can be collected in a state in which the airtightness of the hollow portion 54 serving as a sound path is increased.

With reference to FIGS. 23, 24, and 25, a configuration using a closing portion formed separately from the ear tip 50A in horizontal arrangement will be described. A closure 69 is attached to the cable 93, as shown in FIGS. That is, the cable 93 passes through the blocking portion 69 . Closure 69 slides against cable 93 . The closing portion 69 is made of silicone resin.

When the microphone element 91 is attached to the holding portion 66 as described in FIG. 6, it becomes as shown in FIG. In this state, the closing portion 69 is slid toward the opening portion 55 . And the blocking part 6
9 closes the opening 55 as shown in FIG. When the contact portion 52 is turned over in the direction of the arrow A4 in FIG. 24, it becomes as shown in FIG.

Thus, by using the closing portion 69 provided slidably with respect to the cable 93,
The opening 55 can be closed. As a result, it is possible to pick up sound in a highly airtight state. In addition, the closing portion 69 is not limited to a configuration that completely closes the opening portion 55 , and may have a configuration that partially closes the opening portion 55 . Further, the closing portion 69 is not limited to being fitted into the opening 55 , and may be configured to cover the opening 55 outside the cylindrical portion 51 .

Furthermore, if the microphone element 91 is not removed after being attached, it is possible to use an adhesive to increase the airtightness. For example, as shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the adhesive 95 paste is applied around the opening 55 and the closing portion 69 with the contact portion 52 turned over. Then, the adhesive 95 is dried and fixed around the opening 55 . As a result, the opening 55 can be closed, and sound can be collected in a highly airtight state.

26 and 27, the adhesive 95 is used in the vertical arrangement and the horizontal arrangement using the closing part 69, but the opening part 55 is closed only by the adhesive 95 without using the closing part 69. It may be closed.
Embodiment 2.
The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the configuration of the ear tip. Specifically, in Embodiment 1, ear tips 50 and 50A are integrally formed of silicone resin or the like, whereas in Embodiment 2, ear tips are configured using two or more resin molded products. It is In the second embodiment, the vertically arranged ear tip is referred to as ear tip 50B, and the horizontally arranged ear tip is referred to as ear tip 50C. Note that the description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment will be omitted as appropriate.
[Vertical configuration]
FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the ear tip 50B in vertical arrangement. Ear tip 50B differs from ear tip 50 shown in the first embodiment in contact portion 71 in contact portion 52 . That is, the contact portion 71 is provided instead of the contact portion 52, and the connecting portion 58 is omitted.
The cylindrical portion 51 and the strut portion 61 have the same configuration as in the first embodiment. That is, the cylindrical portion 51 and the strut portion 61 are integrally formed of silicone resin or the like. As in the first embodiment, the cylindrical portion 51 has an opening portion 55 and the support portion 61 has a microphone hole 63 and a housing portion 62 . Also, the mounting of the microphone element 91 is similar to that of the first embodiment.

In this embodiment, the contact portion 71 is made of elastic urethane resin.
The contact portion 71 is formed in a cylindrical shape. That is, the contact portion 71 is made of a urethane tube. The cylindrical portion 51 is a resin molded product formed separately from the contact portion 71 . The cylindrical portion 51 is inserted inside the contact portion 71 . In other words, ear tip 50B
has a cylindrical shape with a two-layer structure of silicone resin and urethane resin. That is, the cylindrical portion 51, which is a silicone tube, is inserted into the contact portion 71, which is a urethane tube. The contact portion 71 and the cylindrical portion 51 have the same length in the Z direction.

The ear tip 50B is press fit into the ear canal. That is, the ear tip 50B is fixed in the external auditory canal by the elastic force of the contact portion 71 made of urethane resin. cable 9
3 is pulled out to the outside of the ear canal through the interlayer between the contact portion 71 and the cylindrical portion 51 . For example, the contact portion 71 and the cylindrical portion 51 may be adhered with an adhesive.

FIG. 29 shows how the microphone element 91 is attached vertically. As in FIG. 4 of the first embodiment, the microphone element 91 is inserted through the opening 55 and accommodated in the accommodating section 62 . At this time, the cable 93 is pulled out of the cylindrical portion 51 through the opening 55 .
Then, the cylindrical portion 51 is inserted into the contact portion 71 (arrow A5). By fitting the cylindrical portion 51 into the contact portion 71, the microphone 2L is completed. Note that the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 51 or the contact portion 71
The cylindrical portion 51 and the contact portion 71 may be fixed by applying an adhesive to the inner peripheral surface of the .
[Horizontal configuration]
Next, FIG. 30 is a diagram showing the ear tip 50C in horizontal arrangement. A contact portion 71 is provided instead of the contact portion 52 of the ear tip 50A, and the connecting portion 58 is omitted. In the ear tip 50C, the contact portion 71 has
It is made of elastic urethane resin. Like the contact portion 71 of the ear tip 50B, the contact portion 71 is made of a cylindrical urethane tube. Contact portion 71
A cylindrical portion 51 is inserted therein.

The cylindrical portion 51 and the holding portion 66 have the same configurations as in the first embodiment. That is, the cylindrical portion 51 and the holding portion 66 are integrally formed of silicone resin or the like. As in Embodiment 1, the cylindrical portion 51 has an opening 55 and the holding portion 66 has a microphone hole 68 and a housing portion 67 . Also, the mounting of the microphone element 91 is similar to that of the first embodiment.

FIG. 31 shows how the microphone element 91 is attached horizontally. Similar to FIG. 6 of the first embodiment, the microphone element 91 is inserted through the opening 55 and accommodated in the accommodating section 62 . At this time, the cable 93 is pulled out of the cylindrical portion 51 through the opening 55 . Then, the cylindrical portion 51 is inserted into the contact portion 71 (arrow A6). The cylindrical portion 51 is connected to the contact portion 71
The microphone 2L is completed by fitting into the . Note that the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 51 or the contact portion 7
The cylindrical portion 51 and the contact portion 71 may be fixed by applying an adhesive to the inner peripheral surface of the member 1 .

Effects similar to those of the first embodiment can be obtained by the configuration of the vertical arrangement or the horizontal arrangement shown in the second embodiment. Since the cable 93 passes between the contact portion 71 and the cylindrical portion 51,
It is possible to suppress the influence of the routing of the cable 93 and appropriately pick up the sound. In addition, according to the size of the external auditory canal of the subject 1, the ear tip 50B, the ear tip 50
Measurement can be performed by switching C. Therefore, personal characteristics can be measured with the microphone element 91 placed at an appropriate position.
[Modification 1]
Modification 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 32 . FIG. 32 shows a microphone 2L according to modification 1
is a diagram showing the configuration of. FIG. 32 shows a modification of the ear tip 50B in vertical arrangement. Since the basic structure of the cylindrical portion 51 and the like is the same as that of the first and second embodiments, description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

In Modification 1, the lengths in the Z direction of the contact portion 71 and the cylindrical portion 51 are different. Specifically, the cylindrical portion 51 is shorter than the contact portion 71 in the Z direction. On the +Z side, the positions of the end surfaces of the cylindrical portion 51 and the contact portion 71 are aligned. A projection 51 c is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 51 . The protrusion 51 c engages with the recess of the contact portion 71 .
Thereby, the cylindrical portion 51 and the contact portion 71 are fixed.

Furthermore, an external cylindrical portion 72 is provided on the −Z side of the cylindrical portion 51 . External cylindrical portion 7
2 has a cylindrical shape having the same outer diameter as the cylindrical portion 51 . The outer cylindrical portion 72 is a silicone tube or a vinyl tube. On the −Z side, the positions of the end surfaces of the outer cylindrical portion 72 and the contact portion 71 are aligned.

The outer cylindrical portion 72 is spaced apart from the cylindrical portion 51 in the Z direction. Accordingly, a concave portion 74 that is recessed radially outward is formed between the outer cylindrical portion 72 and the cylindrical portion 51 . The tip portion 85 of the earphone driver 80 may be arranged in the recess 74 to lock the earphone driver 80 . The convex portion 53 is not provided on the outer cylindrical portion 72 .

An intermediate layer 75 is provided between the contact portion 71 and the cylindrical portion 51 . The intermediate layer 75 is a urethane tube formed separately from the contact portion 71 . Accordingly, the urethane tube has a two-layer structure outside the cylindrical portion 51 . That is, the intermediate layer 75 is an inner layer of urethane tube, and the contact portion 71 is an outer layer of urethane tube. The intermediate layer 75 has the same length as the contact portion 71 in the Z direction. Therefore, the intermediate layer 75 is also arranged outside the outer cylindrical portion 72 .

A cable 93 is drawn out through the interlayer between the contact portion 71 and the intermediate layer 75 . In this case, the opening 55 is formed not only in the cylindrical portion 51 but also in the intermediate layer 75 . In other words, the microphone element 91 is attached after the intermediate layer 75 is attached to the cylindrical portion 51 and before the contact portion 71 is attached. That is, the microphone element 91 is inserted into the housing portion 62 from the outside of the intermediate layer 75 through the opening portion 55 .

This configuration can also provide the same effects as described above. Note that FIG. 32 shows the configuration of the vertical arrangement, but the configuration of Modified Example 1 can be similarly applied to the horizontal arrangement. For example, even in the horizontal arrangement, an intermediate layer 75 may be provided between the cylindrical portion 51 and the contact portion 71 .
Alternatively, even in the lateral arrangement, the outer cylindrical portion 72 may be arranged on the −Z side of the cylindrical portion 51 .
[Modification 2]
Modification 2 differs from the embodiment and Modification 1 in the configuration for pulling out the cable 93 . A configuration of a microphone 2L according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 33, the opening 55 is not provided in the cylindrical portion 51 and the intermediate layer 75 .

The cable 93 pulled out from the microphone element 91 is located at a +Z-side end surface of the cylindrical portion 51.
It is routed between the layers of the cylindrical portion 51 and the contact portion 71 through the space on the Z side. A cable 93 is drawn outside through the cylindrical portion 51, the contact portion 71, and the interlayer. This configuration can also provide the same effects as described above. FIG. 33 shows the configuration of the horizontal arrangement, but the configuration of Modified Example 2 can be similarly applied to the vertical arrangement. Furthermore, also in the configuration of Modified Example 2, an intermediate layer 75 may be provided between the cylindrical portion 51 and the contact portion 71, and the cable 93 may be passed between the intermediate layer 75 and the contact portion 71. .
[Sound pickup method]
A sound pickup method using the microphones 2L and 2R having the configurations shown in Embodiments 1 and 2 will be described. The subject 1 wears the microphones 2L and 2R without attaching the earphone driver 80 to the microphones 2L and 2R in order to measure the ear canal transfer characteristics. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the microphone element 91 receives sounds output from the speakers 5L and 5R as external sound sources.
picks up sound. Impulse response measurements are thereby performed to obtain spatial acoustic transfer characteristics.

Next, with the earphone driver 80 attached to the microphones 2L and 2R, the subject 1
attaches the sound collecting device 4 . A microphone element 91 picks up the sound output from the earphone driver 80 as a sound source. Thereby, an impulse response measurement is performed, and the ear canal transfer characteristic can be obtained. Note that the order of measuring the spatial sound transfer characteristics and the ear canal transfer characteristics may be reversed.

Personal characteristics can be appropriately measured by using the microphones 2L and 2R, so that the filter generation device 200 can generate an appropriate filter. When the user wears an ear tip for listening to which the earphone driver 80 is attached, out-of-head localized listening can be performed. As the ear tip for listening, one having a general shape without the support 61 and the holding part 66 can be used. It is possible to perform out-of-head localization processing using a filter according to individual measurement results.

The invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described above based on the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say.

50 Ear tip 50A Ear tip 50B Ear tip 51 Cylindrical part 52 Contact part 53 Protruding part 54 Hollow part 55 Opening part 57 Gap 58 Connecting part 59 Closing part 61 Post part 62 Receiving part 63 Microphone hole 66 Holding part 67 Receiving part 68 Microphone Hole 69 Closing Part 71 Contact Part 72 External Cylindrical Part 74 Recess 75 Intermediate Layer 80 Earphone Driver 82 Sound Tube Part 83 Driver Cable 85 Tip Part 86 Base 91 Microphone Element 92 Sound Picking Part 93 Cable Z0 Center Axis

Claims (3)

an ear tip comprising a cylindrical portion having a hollow portion; and an abutting portion disposed outside the cylindrical portion and abutting against an inner wall surface of an external auditory canal;
a microphone element arranged in the hollow portion and connected to a cable,
A microphone in which the cable is pulled out to the eardrum side in a state of being attached to the ear canal. 2. The microphone according to claim 1, wherein the ear tip has an intermediate layer between the cylindrical portion and the contact portion through which the cable passes. A sound collection method using the microphone according to any one of claims 1 and 2,
a step of collecting sound output from an earphone driver attached to the microphone with the microphone element;
and a step of collecting sound output from an external sound source with the microphone element in a state in which the earphone driver is not attached to the microphone.

Images