JP2013070285A - Microphone and microphone system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a microphone and a microphone system capable of outputting a voice with a sense of reality, including the sense of depth in front and rear of a user, as an electric signal even when they are applied to any dummy head.SOLUTION: The microphone being attached to a dummy head and recording voice on the outside of the dummy head by binaural sound recording system includes an external auditory canal 21 having a hole for passing the voice therethrough, and a transducer unit 30 fixed to the end of the external auditory canal 21 on the -Z side. The transducer unit 30 has a vibration membrane 32 which is deflected by the sound pressure of the voice having passed through the external auditory canal 21, and a plurality of electrode plates 34 disposed while spaced apart from the vibration membrane 32 by a predetermined air gap 32a. Consequently, three-dimensional voice can be output as an electric signal on the basis of the respective capacitances between the vibration membrane 32 and the electrode plates 34.

Description

  The present invention relates to a microphone and a microphone system.

  One of the recording systems along with the monaural recording system and the stereo recording system is a binaural recording system. This binaural recording method uses a model (dummy head) that reproduces a human head. A microphone is embedded in each of the left and right outer ear openings of the dummy head, and in addition to the volume difference and phase difference of the sound that reaches the microphone, the sound that has passed through the head, the sound that is diffracted by the earlobe, and the body passes through. Record the sound that has been attenuated. For this reason, it is possible to record audio with a sense of presence that is very close to the audio heard by humans. As a result, it is possible to reproduce a realistic sound field. Patent Documents 1 to 4 propose microphones capable of recording realistic sounds using such binaural recording methods.

Japanese Patent No. 2976462 JP 2009-49947 A Special table 2001-525141 gazette JP-A-4-339495

  However, the microphones described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 can output the left audio and the right audio (stereo audio) of the user as electrical signals. For this reason, it is possible to record the voice on the left side and the voice on the right side of the user, but it has not been possible to record the voice with a sense of depth in front and behind the user.

  In addition, the microphone described in Patent Document 4 recognizes the direction of the front and rear sound sources by rotating the dummy head left and right, and outputs realistic sound including a sense of depth as an electrical signal. can do. However, when it is attached to a dummy head that does not have a rotation mechanism, it is impossible to output a realistic sound including a sense of depth as an electrical signal.

  The present invention has been made under the above-described circumstances, and outputs audio with a sense of presence including a sense of depth in front and rear of the user as an electrical signal, regardless of the dummy head applied. It is an object to provide a microphone or the like that can be used.

In order to achieve the above object, a microphone according to a first aspect of the present invention includes:
A microphone that is attached to a dummy head modeled on a human head and records sound outside the dummy head by a binaural recording method,
An ear canal portion in which a hole through which the sound passes is formed;
An end of the ear canal having a first electrode that is bent by the sound pressure of the sound that has passed through the ear canal, and a plurality of second electrodes that are disposed on the first electrode with a predetermined gap therebetween. A transducer unit fixed to
Is provided.

The microphone of the second aspect of the present invention is
A microphone that is attached to a dummy head modeled on a human head and records sound outside the dummy head by a binaural recording method,
An ear canal portion in which a hole through which the sound passes is formed;
The first electrode that is bent by the sound pressure of the sound that has passed through the ear canal part, the magnet that is fixed to the first electrode and that is displaced along with the bending of the first electrode, and the magnet that is disposed around the magnet and is displaced A plurality of coils whose internal magnetic flux is changed by a magnet, and a transducer unit fixed to an end of the ear canal part;
It is characterized by providing.

A microphone system according to a third aspect of the present invention is:
A dummy head in which a human head is modeled and a right ear hole part and a left ear hole part are formed;
The microphone according to the first or second aspect attached to the right ear hole part and the left ear hole part of the dummy head;
It is characterized by providing.

A microphone system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is:
A dummy head in which a human head is modeled and a right ear hole part and a left ear hole part are formed;
A microphone according to a first aspect attached to the right ear hole part and the left ear hole part of the dummy head;
A recording / reproducing device for recording a sound around the dummy head based on a capacitance between the first electrode and the two electrodes and reproducing the recorded sound;
It is characterized by providing.

A microphone system according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is:
A dummy head in which a human head is modeled and a right ear hole part and a left ear hole part are formed;
A microphone according to a second aspect attached to the right ear hole part and the left ear hole part of the dummy head;
A recording / reproducing device for recording a sound around the dummy head based on a change in magnetic flux inside the coil accompanying the displacement of the magnet, and reproducing the recorded sound;
It is characterized by providing.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to output a three-dimensional sound as an electric signal based on the bending of the first electrode. As a result, in any dummy head, it is possible to output a realistic sound including a sense of depth in front and rear of the user as an electrical signal.

1 is a perspective view of a microphone system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a partial cross section figure of the microphone concerning a 1st embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the transducer unit which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microphone system according to a first embodiment. (A) is a top view which shows the usage example of headphones, (B) is sectional drawing which shows the usage example of an earphone. It is a side view of an earphone. It is a partial cross section figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the microphone which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating operation | movement of the transducer unit which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of a user's ear hole vicinity at the time of attaching an earphone to a user's ear hole. It is sectional drawing of the transducer unit which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the microphone system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure of the dummy head which concerns on a modification.

  Hereinafter, a microphone system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. For easy understanding, XYZ coordinates are set in the figure and referred to as appropriate.

  The microphone system 100 according to the present embodiment is used, for example, when recording sound using a binaural recording method. As shown in FIG. 1, the microphone system 100 includes a dummy head 10, a pair of microphones 20R and 20L attached to the dummy head 10, a recording / reproducing device 40 connected to the microphones 20R and 20L, and a recording / reproducing device 40. And a headphone 50 for outputting the sound reproduced in step (1).

  The dummy head 10 is formed in a shape simulating a human head. The size of the dummy head 10 is equal to the size of a general human head. The dummy head 10 is formed with a right ear hole part 11R and a left ear hole part 11L. The distance from the right ear hole part 11R to the left ear hole part 11L is also equal to the distance from the right ear hole to the left ear hole of a general human head. Then, the microphone 20R is fitted into the left ear hole portion 11R of the dummy head 10, and the microphone 20L is fitted into the right ear hole portion 11L.

  The microphone 20R is configured as, for example, an electret condenser-microphone (ECM). As shown in FIG. 2, the microphone 20 </ b> R is attached to the ear canal part 21, the auricular part 22 attached to the + Z side end part of the ear canal part 21, and the −Z side end part of the ear canal part 21. And a transducer unit 30.

  The ear canal part 21 is formed in a cylindrical shape in which a hole 21a is formed. The sound generated outside the dummy head 10 is transmitted to the transducer unit 30 by passing through the hole portion 21 a of the ear canal portion 21.

  The auricle portion 22 is formed in a shape simulating a human auricle. The auricle portion 22 is made of resin, for example. The auricular portion 22 has an opening 22a. The opening 22 a communicates with the hole 21 a of the ear canal part 21. When sound is generated outside the dummy head 10, the sound is collected by the auricle portion 22 and transmitted to the ear canal portion 21 through the opening 22 a.

  The transducer unit 30 converts the sound transmitted through the hole 21a of the ear canal unit 21 into an electrical signal. As shown in FIG. 3, the transducer unit 30 includes a substrate 31, a vibration film 32 formed on the −Z side surface of the substrate 31, and a fixed film 33 formed on the −Z side surface of the vibration film 32. have.

  The substrate 31 is configured as, for example, a disk-shaped silicon wafer. The substrate 31 has a through hole 31a. The through hole 31a penetrates in the Z-axis direction. In addition, the opening area on the + Z side of the through hole 31a is larger than the opening area on the −Z side of the through hole 31a, whereby the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 31a is inclined with respect to the XY plane. It is configured as a surface. The sound that has passed through the ear canal portion 21 is transmitted to the vibrating membrane 32 while being guided by the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 31a.

The vibration film 32 is attached to the −Z side of the substrate 31 so as to cover the −Z side opening of the substrate 31. The vibrating membrane 32 is formed such that its thickness, size, and the like are equivalent to the thickness and size of a typical human eardrum. The vibration film 32 is made of a flexible material that is bent by the sound pressure of the sound that has passed through the hole 21 a of the ear canal part 21. The vibration film 32 is, for example, a multilayer film, and includes a conductive film as an electrode material, a silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) film configured as an electret film in which charges are stored, and the silicon oxide film exposed to the atmosphere. And an insulating film for preventing deterioration, and these films are laminated.

  The fixed film 33 is disposed on the −Z side of the vibration film 32 with an air gap 32 a having a predetermined dimension therebetween. The fixed film 33 is made of an insulating material. A plurality of electrode plates 34 are arranged on the fixed film 33 (two electrode plates 34 are shown in FIG. 3). For example, the electrode plate 34 is arranged in a lattice pattern with respect to the fixed film 33. A plurality of capacitors (transducers) corresponding to the number of electrode plates 34 formed are formed by these electrode plates 34 and a part of the vibration film 32 facing the electrode plates 34. The capacitance of the capacitor changes as the vibrating membrane 32 bends. A plurality of sound holes 33 a are formed in the fixed film 33. The air gap 32a communicates with the outside through the sound hole 33a.

  As can be seen from the microphone 20R configured as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the ear canal portion 21 and the transducer unit 30 are inserted into the right ear hole portion 11R of the dummy head 10, and then the auricle portion. It is attached to the dummy head 10 with 22 being exposed to the outside of the dummy head 10.

  Similarly to the microphone 20R, the microphone 20L has an external auditory canal portion 21, an auricular portion 22 attached to the + Z side end portion of the external ear canal portion 21, and a transducer attached to the −Z side end portion of the external ear canal portion 21. Unit 30. Then, the external auditory canal portion 21 and the transducer unit 30 are inserted into the right ear hole portion 11 </ b> L of the dummy head 10 and attached to the dummy head 10 with the auricle portion 22 exposed to the outside of the dummy head 10.

  An electric wire is connected to each capacitor (transducer) of the transducer unit 30 of the microphone 20R. These electric wires are covered with a covering portion made of an insulator, and are drawn out of the dummy head 10 as a cable 35R. Similarly, an electric wire is connected to each capacitor (transducer) of the transducer unit 30 of the microphone 20L. These electric wires are covered with a covering portion made of an insulator, and are drawn out of the dummy head 10 as a cable 35L. The drawn cables 35R and 35L are connected to the recording / reproducing apparatus 40. The cables 35R and 35L output the capacitances of the capacitors formed in the transducer unit 30 to the recording / reproducing apparatus 40 as a plurality of electric signals.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the recording / playback apparatus 40 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 41, a main storage unit 42, an auxiliary storage unit 43, a display unit 44, an operation unit 45, an audio processing unit 46, and the above-described units. A bus 40a to be connected is provided.

  The main storage unit 42 includes a RAM (Random Access Memory) and the like, and is used as a work area for the CPU 41.

  The auxiliary storage unit 43 includes a nonvolatile memory such as a ROM (Read Only Memory), a magnetic disk, and a semiconductor memory. The auxiliary storage unit 43 stores programs executed by the CPU 41, various parameters, and the like. The parameters include parameters used for converting the electrical signal output from the transducer unit 30 into audio data. The auxiliary storage unit 43 stores audio data converted from the electrical signal.

  The display unit 44 displays the processing result of the CPU 41 and the like. The display unit 44 is, for example, a liquid crystal display.

  The operation unit 45 includes operation buttons and the like. The operation unit 45 detects the operation of the operation key and outputs a signal corresponding to the detection result to the bus 40a.

  The sound processing unit 46 converts the electrical signal output from the transducer unit 30 of the microphones 20R and 20L into a digital signal. The digital signal is output to the bus 40a. In addition, the audio processing unit 46 converts the audio data recorded in the auxiliary storage unit 43 to generate an audio signal. Then, this audio signal is output to the headphones 50.

  The CPU 41 executes a program stored in the auxiliary storage unit 43 and performs overall control of the above-described units. Specifically, the CPU 41 executes processing for recording voices picked up by the microphones 20 </ b> R and 20 </ b> L and playing back voice data recorded in the auxiliary storage unit 43.

  The recording / reproducing apparatus 40 includes amplifiers 47 and 48 in addition to the above-described units. The amplifiers 47 and 48 are configured to include circuit components such as transistors, for example. The amplifier 47 amplifies the electrical signal output from the transducer unit 30 and outputs the amplified signal to the audio processing unit 46. The amplifier 48 amplifies the audio signal output from the audio processing unit 46 and outputs the amplified audio signal to the headphones 50.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, the headphones 50 have earphones 60R and 60L. When the user uses the headphones 50, the earphone 60L is inserted into the ear hole of the user's left ear, and the earphone 60R is inserted into the ear hole of the user's right ear.

  As shown in FIG. 5B, the earphone 60 </ b> L includes a housing 70, an earpiece 80 attached to the + Z side of the housing 70, and a pair of speaker units 90 and 91 that output sound.

  The housing 70 accommodates the speaker units 90 and 91 and the like inside. The housing 70 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and is made of, for example, resin. The housing 70 includes a housing main body 71 and a sound conduit 72.

  Inside the housing main body 71, a partition wall 73 is disposed in parallel to the YZ plane. The partition wall 73 divides the housing body 71 into two spaces 74 and 75. The spaces 74 and 75 are configured as an enclosure surrounding the sound output from the speaker units 90 and 91. When the user wears the headphones 50, the space 74 is disposed on the front side of the user, and the space 75 is disposed on the rear side of the user.

  The sound conduit 72 is attached to the + Z side surface of the housing body 71. A partition wall 73 is disposed inside the sound conduit 72. As a result, two sound paths 72 a and 72 b are formed in the sound conduit 72. The sound passages 72a and 72b are formed so that the XY cross section has a semicircular shape. The sound passage 72 a communicates with a space 74 formed in the housing main body 71 and serves as a passage for sound output from the speaker unit 90. The sound conducting path 72 b communicates with a space 75 formed in the housing body 71 and serves as a path for sound output from the speaker unit 91. When the user wears the headphones 50, the audio path 72a is disposed on the front side of the user, and the audio path 72b is disposed on the rear side of the user. Further, a claw portion 72c is formed at the end portion of the sound conduit 72 on the + Z side.

  The speaker unit 90 includes, for example, a magnetic circuit constituent member composed of a yoke, a magnet, a pole piece and the like fixed to a baffle plate, a voice coil, and a diaphragm diaphragm. The speaker unit 90 is disposed in the housing 70 such that the sound emitting surface 90a of the diaphragm is parallel to the XY plane. When a voice signal is input to the voice coil, vibration occurs in the voice coil. If it does so, a vibration will also arise also in the diaphragm fixed to the voice coil. Due to this vibration, the speaker unit 90 reproduces sound corresponding to the sound signal.

  Similar to the speaker unit 90, the speaker unit 91 includes a magnetic circuit constituent member, a voice coil, and a diaphragm-like diaphragm, and a sound emitting surface 91a of the diaphragm is parallel to the XY plane. As shown in FIG. And the audio | voice corresponding to the audio | voice signal input into the voice coil is reproduced | regenerated.

  The earpiece 80 is made of a flexible material that can be easily deformed. The material of the earpiece 80 is, for example, synthetic resin. A hole 81 for fitting the sound conduit 72 of the housing 70 is formed in the earpiece 80. The earpiece 80 is also formed with sound conduction paths 80a and 80b through which the sound output from the sound conduit 72 is passed. These sound conducting paths 80a and 80b are formed so that the respective XY sections are semicircular. The XY cross section of the sound conducting paths 80a and 80b has the same shape and area as the XY cross section of the sound paths 72a and 72b of the sound conduit 72.

  The end of the sound conduit 72 of the housing 70 on the + Z side is fitted into the hole 81 of the earpiece 80 from the + Z side. At this time, the claw portion 72 c of the sound conduit 72 bites into the inner peripheral surface of the hole 81, whereby the earpiece 80 is prevented from coming off from the housing 70. In addition, a key is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the sound conduit 72, and a key groove is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the hole 81 of the earpiece 80. The ear piece 80 is prevented from rotating with respect to the housing 70 by the engagement between the key and the key groove. Further, when the sound conduit 72 of the housing 70 is fitted into the hole 81 of the earpiece 80, the sound conduction path 80 a of the earpiece 80 communicates with the space 74 of the housing 70 via the sound passage 72 a of the sound conduit 72. On the other hand, the sound conduction path 80 b of the earpiece 80 communicates with the space 75 of the housing 70 through the sound path 72 b of the sound conduit 72.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the earphone 60 </ b> L has a substantially cylindrical bush 76 protruding downward (−Y side) of the housing 70 and wires 92 and 93 for inputting audio signals to the speaker units 90 and 91. And have. The wires 92 and 93 pass through the inside of the bush 76, are covered with an insulating material, and are drawn out as a single cable 94. The other end of the cable 94 is connected to the recording / reproducing apparatus 40 as shown in FIG.

  Similarly to the earphone 60L, the earphone 60R includes a housing 70, an ear piece 80, and a speaker unit, as can be seen with reference to FIGS.

  The operation of the microphones 20R and 20L of the microphone system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described.

  First, when sound is generated outside the dummy head 10, the sound is reflected on the outer surface of the dummy head 10 or reflected on the auricular portion 22 of the microphones 20R and 20L as shown in FIG. The signal is transmitted from the opening 22 a of the intermediary part 22 to the ear canal part 21. The sound transmitted to the ear canal unit 21 passes through the hole 21 a of the ear canal unit 21 and is transmitted to the transducer unit 30. At this time, the sound is transmitted to the transducer unit 30 including sound attenuated through the dummy head 10.

  When the sound is transmitted to the transducer unit 30, as shown in FIG. 8, the diaphragm 32 is bent by the sound pressure of the sound. When the vibration film 32 is bent, the distance between the vibration film 32 and the electrode plate 34 of the fixed film 33 varies. The capacitance of each of the plurality of capacitors formed by the electrode plate 34 and a part of the vibration film 32 is changed by the change in the distance between the vibration film 32 and the electrode plate 34. The transducer unit 30 outputs the capacitance of each capacitor as an electrical signal to the recording / reproducing apparatus 40 as shown in FIG.

  Next, the operation when recording sound using the microphone system 100 will be described.

  When electric signals from the microphones 20R and 20L are input to the recording / reproducing apparatus 40, the electric signals are amplified by the amplifier 47 and output to the audio processing unit 46. The audio processing unit 46 converts the amplified electric signal into a digital signal. The digital signal is output to the auxiliary storage unit 43 via the bus 40a.

  The auxiliary storage unit 43 stores the digital signal input via the bus 40a as audio data in accordance with parameters stored in advance. This audio data is configured as realistic audio data including a sense of depth and the like of the front and rear of the user based on the capacitances of the plurality of capacitors of the transducer unit 30.

  Next, the operation in the case of reproducing sound using the microphone system 100 will be described.

  When playing back sound using the microphone system 100, the user first wears the headphones 50. Specifically, the user wears the headphones 50 by inserting the earphone 60L into the ear hole of the user's left ear and inserting the earphone 60R into the ear hole of the right ear.

  Next, when the user operates the operation unit 45, the CPU 41 reads audio data stored in the auxiliary storage unit 43. When the audio data is read, the audio processing unit 46 converts the audio data into an audio signal. The audio signal converted by the audio processing unit 46 is amplified by the amplifier 48 and output from the recording / reproducing apparatus 40 to the headphones 50. At this time, the output signal is output after removing the transfer characteristics in the vicinity of the user's ear canal based on the head related transfer function (HRTF) used for reproducing the stereophonic sound. Specifically, since the sound data collected by the microphones 20R and 20L and stored in the auxiliary storage unit 43 is a sound that has passed through the right ear hole part 11R and the left ear hole part 11L of the dummy head 10, it has already been recorded in the head. Includes transfer characteristics. Therefore, when the recording / reproducing apparatus 40 reproduces the sound data as it is, the transmission of the interval Y until the sound output from the earphone 50L reaches the eardrum K of the user as shown in FIG. It is transmitted to the user including the characteristics. That is, the sound transmitted to the user includes the transmission characteristics at the interval Y in an overlapping manner. In order to prevent this, the CPU 41 determines the transfer characteristic of the interval Y based on the signal output from the microphone 20L, the size parameter of each part of the microphone 20L previously stored in the auxiliary storage unit 43, and the like. calculate. Then, the CPU 41 outputs an audio signal to the headphones 50 after removing the transfer characteristic of the interval Y.

  The audio signal output from the recording / reproducing apparatus 40 is input to the voice coils of the speaker units 90 and 91 of the earphones 60R and 60L via the cable 94. When an audio signal is input to the voice coil, vibration occurs in the voice coil. If it does so, a vibration will also arise also in the diaphragm fixed to the voice coil. Due to this vibration, the speaker units 90 and 91 reproduce sound corresponding to the sound signal.

  The sound reproduced by the speaker unit 90 is transmitted to the right and left ears of the user through the space 74 of the housing 70, the sound path 72a of the sound conduit 72, and the sound path 80a of the earpiece 80. On the other hand, the sound reproduced by the speaker unit 91 is transmitted to the right and left ears of the user through the space 75 of the housing 70, the sound path 72b of the sound conduit 72, and the sound path 80b of the earpiece 80. And the user recognizes this sound when the eardrum of each of the user's right ear and left ear is bent by the sound pressure of this sound.

  At this time, the recording / reproducing device 40 reproduces the audio data so that the bending equivalent to the bending of the diaphragm 32 of the transducer unit 30 is reproduced in the user's eardrum. This reproduces a sound field that approximates the actual sound field. In addition, the volume of the two sounds transmitted to the user's left ear and the two sounds transmitted to the right ear, the time difference in which the sound waves are transmitted to the left ear, the frequency characteristics of the sound waves, the phase difference, etc., are made different so that three-dimensional sound can be obtained. Play.

  As described above, according to the microphones 20R and 20L according to the first embodiment, since the plurality of electrode plates 34 are arranged with respect to one vibration film 32, the vibration film 32 and A three-dimensional sound can be output as an electrical signal based on the respective capacitances between the electrode plate 34 and the electrode plate 34. Therefore, based on this electrical signal, it is possible to record a realistic sound including a sense of depth in front and rear of the user.

  For example, in the case of a microphone in which one electrode plate is arranged with respect to the diaphragm as in the prior art, stereo recording can be performed by microphones attached to the left and right of the dummy head, but the front and rear of the user It is not possible to record a sound that includes the feeling of depth. If the microphone is attached to a dummy head equipped with a rotation mechanism and this dummy head is rotated left and right, the sound with depth will be recorded unless the direction of the front and rear sound sources is recognized. I can't do it.

  In contrast, in the microphones 20R and 20L according to the first embodiment, a plurality of electrode plates 34 are arranged with respect to the vibration membrane 32, and thus, between the vibration membrane 32 and the electrode plate 34. Based on the electrostatic capacity, the bending of the vibrating membrane 32 can be detected, and the shape of the bent vibrating membrane 32 can be specified. Therefore, the shape of the flexed diaphragm 32 can be specified in detail, and in any case where the microphones 20R and 20L are applied to any dummy head, the three-dimensional shape is determined based on the shape of the diaphragm 32. Audio can be output as an electrical signal. Therefore, it is possible to record a realistic sound including a sense of depth in front and rear of the user.

  In the first embodiment, the recording / reproducing apparatus 40 excludes the transfer characteristic of the interval Y until the sound output from the earphone 50L reaches the user's eardrum K shown in FIG. After that, an audio signal is output to the headphones 50. As a result, it is possible to reproduce audio with a sense of presence that is close to an actual sound field.

  Next, a transducer unit 30A according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the transducer unit 30 </ b> A includes a substrate 31, a vibrating membrane 32, a fixed base 36, a magnet 37, and a plurality of coils 38. The substrate 31 and the vibration film 32 are equivalent to the substrate 31 and the vibration film 32 of the transducer unit 30 according to the first embodiment.

  The fixed base 36 is disposed on the −Z side of the vibration film 32 with an air gap 32a having a predetermined dimension therebetween. Unlike the fixed film 33 of the transducer unit 30 according to the first embodiment, the fixed base 36 is made of a rigid material and supports a plurality of coils 38. Further, an opening 36 a is formed in the fixed base 36.

  The magnet 37 is formed in a rod shape, and is fixed perpendicularly to the −Z side surface of the vibration film 32. In the present embodiment, the end of the magnet on the S pole side is fixed to the surface on the −Z side of the vibration film 32. Further, the end on the N pole side of the magnet passes through the opening 36a of the fixed base 36 and is exposed to the outside. When the vibration film 32 is bent by the sound pressure of the sound, the magnet 37 is tilted or moved with respect to the XY plane along with the bending of the vibration film 32.

  The coil 38 is fixed to the surface on the −Z side of the fixed base 36 so as to surround the magnet 37. In the present embodiment, four coils 38 are formed.

  As shown in FIG. 11, an electric wire is connected to each coil of the transducer unit 30A. These electric wires are covered with a covering portion made of an insulator, and are drawn out as cables 35R and 35L. The drawn cables 35R and 35L are connected to the recording / reproducing apparatus 40A. The cables 35R and 35L output the change of the magnetic flux of each coil 38 to the recording / reproducing apparatus 40A as a plurality of electric signals.

  The recording / reproducing apparatus 40A includes an interface unit 49 in addition to the CPU 41, the main storage unit 42, the auxiliary storage unit 43, the display unit 44, the operation unit 45, the audio processing unit 46, and the bus 40a that interconnects the above units. doing.

  The interface unit 49 is connected to the coil 38 via cables 35R and 35L. The CPU 41 controls the current flowing through the coil 38 via the interface unit 49. Accordingly, the deflection of the vibration film 32 is adjusted by adjusting the inclination and position of the magnet 37.

  The operation of the transducer unit 30A according to the second embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS.

  When the sound is transmitted to the transducer unit 30A, the diaphragm 32 is bent by the sound pressure of the sound. When the vibration film 32 is bent, the magnet 37 is tilted or moved with respect to the XY plane along with the bending of the vibration film 32. Due to the movement of the magnet 37, the magnet moves closer to or away from the coil 38 fixed so as to surround the magnet 37, so that the magnetic flux penetrating each coil 38 changes. The transducer unit 30 outputs each magnetic flux change to the recording / reproducing apparatus 40A as an electrical signal.

  The electrical signal input to the recording / reproducing apparatus 40A is amplified by the amplifier 47 and output to the audio processing unit 46. When the electric signal is input to the recording / reproducing device 40A, the sound processing unit 46 converts the electric signal into a digital signal. The digital signal is output to the auxiliary storage unit 43 via the bus 40a.

  The auxiliary storage unit 43 stores the digital signal input via the bus 40a as audio data in accordance with parameters stored in advance. This audio data is configured as audio data with a sense of presence including a sense of depth in front and rear of the user based on changes in magnetic flux of the plurality of coils of the transducer unit 30.

  Further, the CPU 41 controls the current flowing through the coil 38 via the interface unit 49. By controlling the current flowing through the coil 38, the inclination and position of the magnet 37 are adjusted, and further, the bending of the vibrating membrane 32 is adjusted appropriately so as to approximate the bending of the actual eardrum of the user.

  As described above, according to the transducer unit 30 </ b> A according to the second embodiment, the plurality of coils 38 are arranged with respect to the magnet 37 fixed to the vibration film 32. For this reason, based on the change of the magnetic flux of the coil 38 due to the displacement of the magnet 37, the bending of the vibrating membrane 32 can be detected, and the shape of the bent vibrating membrane 32 can be specified. The shape can be specified in detail. As a result, even when the microphones 20R and 20L including the transducer unit 30A are applied to any dummy head, a three-dimensional sound can be output as an electric signal based on the shape of the vibration film 32. it can. In addition, it is possible to record a realistic sound including a sense of depth in front and rear of the user.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited by the said embodiment etc.

  For example, in the present embodiment, the dummy head 10 is formed in a shape simulating the human head, but is not limited to this, and as shown in FIG. 12, the right ear hole portion 11R and the left ear hole portion 11L. It may be formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped formed.

  In the first embodiment, the electrode plates 34 are arranged in a lattice pattern with respect to the fixed film 33. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the electrode plates 34 may be arranged randomly. Further, the dummy heads 10 may be arranged in a line along the front-rear direction.

  In the second embodiment, four coils 38 are arranged. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and three or less coils 38 may be arranged, or five or more coils 38 may be arranged. It may be arranged.

  Further, in the first embodiment, the same transducer 30 is attached to each of the right ear hole portion 11R and the left ear hole portion 11L of the dummy head 10. In the second embodiment, the same transducer 30A is attached to each of the right ear hole portion 11R and the left ear hole portion 11L of the dummy head 10. Not limited to this, the transducer 30 may be attached to the right ear hole portion 11 </ b> R of the dummy head 10, and the transducer 30 </ b> A may be attached to the right ear hole portion 11 </ b> L of the dummy head 10. Alternatively, the transducer 30A may be attached to the right ear hole portion 11R of the dummy head 10, and the transducer 30 may be attached to the right ear hole portion 11L of the dummy head 10.

  Further, in the earphones 60R and 60L of the present embodiment, the two spaces 74 and 75 formed inside the housing main body 71 are configured as an enclosure, but the present invention is not limited to this, and one space is formed. Alternatively, three or more spaces may be formed.

  Various embodiments and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the present invention. The above-described embodiments are for explaining the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

  A part or all of the above-described embodiment can be described as in the following supplementary notes, but is not limited thereto.

(Appendix 1)
A microphone that is attached to a dummy head modeled on a human head and records sound outside the dummy head by a binaural recording method,
An ear canal portion in which a hole through which the sound passes is formed;
An end of the ear canal having a first electrode that is bent by the sound pressure of the sound that has passed through the ear canal, and a plurality of second electrodes that are disposed on the first electrode with a predetermined gap therebetween. A transducer unit fixed to
A microphone comprising:

(Appendix 2)
The microphone according to appendix 1, wherein the second electrodes are arranged in a grid pattern.

(Appendix 3)
The microphone according to appendix 1 or 2, wherein the first electrode has an electric film in which electric charges are stored.

(Appendix 4)
A microphone that is attached to a dummy head modeled on a human head and records sound outside the dummy head by a binaural recording method,
An ear canal portion in which a hole through which the sound passes is formed;
The first electrode that is bent by the sound pressure of the sound that has passed through the ear canal part, the magnet that is fixed to the first electrode and that is displaced along with the bending of the first electrode, and the magnet that is disposed around the magnet and is displaced A plurality of coils whose internal magnetic flux is changed by a magnet, and a transducer unit fixed to an end of the ear canal part;
A microphone comprising:

(Appendix 5)
The magnet is formed in a rod shape,
The first electrode is formed in a film shape,
The magnet is fixed perpendicular to the first electrode;
The microphone according to appendix 4, wherein the coils are arranged at equal intervals along a circumference having a longitudinal direction of the magnet as a central axis.

(Appendix 6)
A dummy head in which a human head is modeled and a right ear hole part and a left ear hole part are formed;
The microphone according to any one of appendices 1 to 5 attached to the right ear hole part and the left ear hole part of the dummy head;
A microphone system comprising:

(Appendix 7)
A dummy head in which a human head is modeled and a right ear hole part and a left ear hole part are formed;
The microphone according to any one of appendices 1 to 3 attached to the right ear hole part and the left ear hole part of the dummy head;
A recording / reproducing device for recording a sound around the dummy head based on a capacitance between the first electrode and the two electrodes and reproducing the recorded sound;
A microphone system comprising:

(Appendix 8)
A dummy head in which a human head is modeled and a right ear hole part and a left ear hole part are formed;
The microphones according to appendices 4 and 5 attached to the right ear hole part and the left ear hole part of the dummy head;
A recording / reproducing device for recording a sound around the dummy head based on a change in magnetic flux inside the coil accompanying the displacement of the magnet, and reproducing the recorded sound;
A microphone system comprising:

(Appendix 9)
The microphone system according to claim 8, wherein the recording / reproducing apparatus displaces the magnet by controlling an amount of current flowing through the coil.

(Appendix 10)
The recording / playback apparatus was recorded after removing the transfer characteristic of the sound that passed through the ear canal based on the head related transfer function (HRTF) obtained from the transfer characteristic of the sound up to the user's ear. The microphone system according to any one of appendices 7 to 9, wherein the sound is reproduced.

10, 10A Dummy head 11R Right ear hole part 11L Left ear hole part 20R, 20L Microphone 21 External ear canal part 22 Auricular part 30, 30A Transducer unit 31 Substrate 31a Through hole 32 Vibration film (first electrode)
32a Air gap 33 Fixed film 33a Sound hole 34 Electrode plate (second electrode)
35R, 35L Cable 36 Fixed base 37 Magnet 38 Coil 40, 40A Recording / playback device 40a Bus 41 CPU
42 Main storage unit 43 Auxiliary storage unit 44 Display unit 45 Operation unit 46 Audio processing unit 47, 48 Amplifier 49 Interface unit 50 Headphone 60R, 60L Earphone 70 Housing 71 Housing body 72 Sound conduit 72a, 72b Audio path 72c Claw unit 73 Partition unit 74, 75 Space 76 Bush 80 Earpiece 80a, 80b Sound conduction path 81 Hole 90, 91 Speaker unit 90a, 91a Sound emitting surface 92, 93 Wire 94 Cable 100 Microphone system

Claims (10)

A microphone that is attached to a dummy head modeled on a human head and records sound outside the dummy head by a binaural recording method,
An ear canal portion in which a hole through which the sound passes is formed;
An end of the ear canal having a first electrode that is bent by the sound pressure of the sound that has passed through the ear canal, and a plurality of second electrodes that are disposed on the first electrode with a predetermined gap therebetween. A transducer unit fixed to
A microphone comprising:   The microphone according to claim 1, wherein the second electrodes are arranged in a grid pattern.   The microphone according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode has an electric film in which electric charges are stored. A microphone that is attached to a dummy head modeled on a human head and records sound outside the dummy head by a binaural recording method,
An ear canal portion in which a hole through which the sound passes is formed;
The first electrode that is bent by the sound pressure of the sound that has passed through the ear canal part, the magnet that is fixed to the first electrode and that is displaced along with the bending of the first electrode, and the magnet that is disposed around the magnet and is displaced A plurality of coils whose internal magnetic flux is changed by a magnet, and a transducer unit fixed to an end of the ear canal part;
A microphone comprising: The magnet is formed in a rod shape,
The first electrode is formed in a film shape,
The magnet is fixed perpendicular to the first electrode;
The microphone according to claim 4, wherein the coils are arranged at equal intervals along a circumference having a longitudinal direction of the magnet as a central axis. A dummy head in which a human head is modeled and a right ear hole part and a left ear hole part are formed;
The microphone according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is attached to the right ear hole part and the left ear hole part of the dummy head,
A microphone system comprising: A dummy head in which a human head is modeled and a right ear hole part and a left ear hole part are formed;
The microphone according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is attached to the right ear hole part and the left ear hole part of the dummy head.
A recording / reproducing device for recording a sound around the dummy head based on a capacitance between the first electrode and the two electrodes and reproducing the recorded sound;
A microphone system comprising: A dummy head in which a human head is modeled and a right ear hole part and a left ear hole part are formed;
The microphone according to claim 4 or 5, attached to the right ear hole part and the left ear hole part of the dummy head,
A recording / reproducing device for recording a sound around the dummy head based on a change in magnetic flux inside the coil accompanying the displacement of the magnet, and reproducing the recorded sound;
A microphone system comprising:   The microphone system according to claim 8, wherein the recording / reproducing apparatus displaces the magnet by controlling an amount of current flowing through the coil.   The recording / playback apparatus was recorded after removing the transfer characteristic of the sound that passed through the ear canal based on the head related transfer function (HRTF) obtained from the transfer characteristic of the sound up to the user's ear. The microphone system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the sound is reproduced.

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