JP7253764B2 - athletic performance enhancer - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an athletic performance-enhancing agent and a muscle-maintaining agent containing reishi mushroom. Specifically, it relates to a muscle-maintaining agent having a muscle-maintaining action that promotes myogenesis, an inhibitory action on muscle atrophy, or both actions that promote muscle formation and inhibit muscle atrophy, and a muscle-maintaining food composition containing the muscle-maintaining agent. .

Muscle atrophy occurs due to a decrease in the amount of exercise associated with aging, or long-term inactivity during rest treatment due to disease or accident, resulting in a decrease in various muscle functions. Furthermore, if muscle atrophy is accelerated, the ability to exercise decreases, and if the effects of the living and living environment are added, there is a risk of becoming bedridden. Therefore, muscle maintenance, that is, maintenance of exercise capacity, promotion of muscle formation, and suppression of muscle atrophy are very important subjects in ensuring a comfortable life and QOL (quality of life).

Furthermore, muscle maintenance is associated with prevention of locomotive syndrome, frailty and sarcopenia. In order to prevent locomotive syndrome, frailty and sarcopenia, it is very important to maintain the health of joints and bones, but it is also very important to maintain and improve muscle and exercise capacity.

In order to maintain muscles and improve athletic performance, there are generally methods of implementing moderate exercise and rehabilitation physical therapy. However, it may be difficult due to time or physical reasons, and a more effective method is desired.

As a method for maintaining muscle and improving athletic performance, a locomotor activity promoter containing an amino acid such as alanylleucine or alanylisoleucine as an active ingredient (Patent Document 1), arginine as an essential ingredient, and nucleotides as an active ingredient. A physical strength enhancer containing as (Patent Document 2) has been proposed. However, although some of the causes of muscle weakening and decreased exercise capacity are the lack of amino acids, peptides, and proteins, which are the building blocks of muscles, the main causes are lack of exercise and aging. , Protein supplementation, etc., have limited effects.

In addition to amino acids, proanthocyanidin-containing athletic performance improving compositions (Patent Document 3), muscle cell activators containing eyebright (Patent Document 4), and the like have been proposed.

Promotion of myogenesis and suppression of muscle atrophy are considered important for maintaining muscles and improving athletic performance. To promote myogenesis, it is necessary to increase factors involved in muscle differentiation, and promoting gene expression of these factors promotes myogenesis. Factors involved in muscle differentiation required for myogenesis include MyoD1, Myogenin, FNDC5 (Fibronectin type 3 region-containing protein 5), IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1), IGF-2 ( insulin-like growth factor 2) and the like.

Furthermore, suppression of muscle atrophy requires inhibition of ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent protein degradation pathways that are activated by muscle atrophy, and suppression of gene expression of these factors suppresses muscle atrophy. Factors that suppress muscle atrophy include Atrogin1 (Atrogin 1) and MuRF1 (Murph 1), which are factors involved in the ubiquitin proteasome-dependent protein degradation pathway (Non-Patent Document 1).

Furthermore, in order to maintain muscles and improve athletic performance, a stronger action is expected by having both actions of promoting muscle formation and suppressing muscle atrophy.

JP 2018-255087 A JP-A-09-124473 JP-A-2005-97273 JP 2015-131774 A

Katsuya Hirasaka, Soy Protein Research, 2013, 16, 150-155

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an athletic performance-enhancing agent and a muscle-maintaining agent containing reishi mushroom. More specifically, a muscle-maintaining agent having a muscle-maintaining action promoting muscle formation, inhibiting muscle atrophy, or both actions promoting muscle formation and inhibiting muscle atrophy, and a muscle-maintaining food composition containing the muscle-maintaining agent. intended to provide

As the reishi mushroom used in the present invention, all mushrooms belonging to the genus Ganoderma in the family Ganodermataceae can be used, but reishi mushrooms are preferred. Ganoderma lucidum is found in ancient Chinese medicinal texts such as "Boncao Guangmoku" and "Shennong Benzou Jing" as reishi (red turf), black reishi (black turf), purple reishi (purple turf), blue reishi (green turf), Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinensis, Ganoderma japonicum, and Ganoderma atrum are more preferably used. .

Reishi mushrooms used in the present invention can be used regardless of whether they are fruiting bodies, mycelium, natural products, cultivated products, or cultured products, and those widely distributed in the Chinese and Japanese markets can be used. . In addition, if necessary, it can be subjected to the extraction operation by appropriately selecting the state as it is, the crushed product, the dried product, or the like.

Examples of extracting solvents for obtaining the extract of ganoderma lucidum used in the present invention include water, lower alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, etc.), and liquid polyhydric alcohols. (1,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, etc.), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.), acetonitrile, esters (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc.), hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, petroleum ether, etc.) , ethers (ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, propyl ether, etc.). These solvents may be used singly or in combination of two or more. In the present invention, the extraction solvent is preferably water or a polar solvent such as a lower alcohol, particularly water or ethanol.

The above extract may be used as an extracted solution, or, if necessary, may be used after being subjected to treatments such as concentration, dilution, filtration, decolorization with activated carbon, deodorization, ethanol precipitation, and the like. Furthermore, the extracted solution may be subjected to a treatment such as concentration to dryness, spray drying, or freeze drying, and used as a dried product.

The amount of Ganoderma lucidum used in the present invention can be appropriately adjusted depending on the form of intake, purpose of use, age, body weight, and the like. Ganoderma lucidum can be orally ingested once or several times a day in the range of 1 to 20000 mg, preferably 50 to 10000 mg, in terms of dried mushrooms per day for adults. In some cases, an amount less than the above intake range is sufficient, and in other cases, it is necessary to take more than the above range. In addition, regarding the method of adding the medicinal ingredient in formulation, it may be added in advance or may be added during production, and may be appropriately selected in consideration of workability.

The athletic performance enhancer of the present invention can be used for the purpose of improving human athletic performance. In particular, since age-related decline in exercise capacity causes locomotive syndrome, frailty, sarcopenia, and the like, the agent for improving exercise capacity of the present invention can be used to improve age-related decline in exercise capacity. Furthermore, the athletic performance-enhancing agent of the present invention can improve spontaneous exercise. Improving locomotor activity in animals has a variety of uses. For example, in livestock such as chickens, pigs, and cattle, by improving their locomotion, not only is their resistance to disease increased, but they also produce firmer, tastier meat. In addition, in pets such as dogs, cats, and rats, deterioration in spontaneous movement due to aging leads to anorexia and morbidity. By improving spontaneous exercise, appetite increases, resistance to disease increases, and a healthy life can be lived together with the owner. Thus, the agent for improving athletic performance of the present invention can be used not only for humans, but also as feed for domestic animals and pets.

The athletic performance improver of the present invention can be used as foods, quasi-drugs, and pharmaceuticals. As foods, it can be used as beverages, hard capsules, soft capsules, tablets, granules, jelly and the like. In quasi-drugs and pharmaceuticals, oral powders, granules, tablets, sugar-coated tablets, capsules, syrups, pills, suspensions, liquids, emulsions, etc., and parenteral injections and suppositories and so on.

Excipients, stabilizers, preservatives, binders, disintegrants, which are used in ordinary foods, quasi-drugs or pharmaceuticals, if necessary, within the range that does not impair the effect of the agent for improving exercise performance of the present invention. Components such as hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, esters, pH adjusters, preservatives and perfumes may also be contained. In addition, polysaccharides, plant extracts and the like can also be included.

The athletic performance-enhancing agent and muscle-maintaining agent containing the ganoderma lucidum of the present invention have an athletic performance-improving action, an activity-improving action, a muscle formation-promoting action, and a muscle atrophy-suppressing action.

Examples are given below to describe the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited to these. % shown in the examples indicates weight %.

Production Example 1 Ganoderma lucidum hot water extract 400 mL of purified water was added to 20 g of dried Ganoderma lucidum, extracted at 95-100° C. for 2 hours, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated and freeze-dried. 1.4 g of Reishi hot water extract was obtained.

Production Example 2 Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract 900 mL of ethanol was added to 100 g of dried Ganoderma lucidum, extracted at room temperature for 7 days, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain an ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum. 1.6 g of was obtained.

Production Example 3 Black Reishi Hot Water Extract
400 mL of purified water is added to 20 g of the dried product of Ganoderma sinensis and extracted at 95 to 100° C. for 2 hours, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain a hot water extract of Ganoderma sinensis. 1.1 g of was obtained.

Production Example 4 Black Reishi Ethanol Extract
900 mL of ethanol was added to 100 g of the dried product of Ganoderma sinensis, extracted at room temperature for 7 days, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain 1.4 g of black ganoderma ethanol extract. .

Formulation Example 1 Soft capsule <formulation>
Component Content (%)
1. Reishi hot water extract (Production Example 1) 30.0
2. Rice germ oil 60.0
3. Beeswax 7.0
4. Vitamin E 3.0
<Manufacturing method>
Ingredients 1 to 4 are mixed, 250 mg of the mixture is filled in a coating composed of gelatin, glycerin and caramel pigment, and dried to obtain a soft capsule.
<Usage>
Take 4 capsules per day.

Formulation Example 2 Hard Capsule <Formulation>
Component Content (%)
1. Reishi hot water extract (Production Example 1) 20.0
2. Cornstarch 72.0
3. Sucrose fatty acid ester 8.0
<Manufacturing method>
Ingredients 1 to 3 are mixed and 250 mg is filled in a No. 2 hard capsule to obtain a capsule.
<Usage>
Take 4 capsules per day.

Formulation Example 3 Beverage <Prescription>
Component Content (%)
1. Black Reishi hot water extract (Production Example 3) 1.0
2. Citric acid 6.0
3. Sucrose 10.0
4. Perfume 1.0
5. Water 82.0
<Manufacturing method>
Ingredients 1 to 4 are dissolved in a part of the water of ingredient 5 with stirring. The remaining water of component 5 is added and mixed, and the mixture is sterilized and used as a drink.
<Usage>
Take 50 mL per day.

Formulation Example 4 Granules <formulation>
Component Content (%)
1. Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract (Production Example 2) 8.0
2. Lactose 80.0
3. Cellulose 12.0
<Manufacturing method>
Ingredients 1 to 3 are granulated by a dry method to obtain granules.
<Usage>
Take 1 g per day.

Formulation Example 5 Tablets <Prescription>
Component Content (%)
1. Reishi hot water extract (Production Example 1) 11.0
2. Lactose 60.0
3. Reduced maltose starch syrup 25.0
4. Sucrose fatty acid ester 4.0
<Manufacturing method>
Ingredients 1 to 4 are mixed and tableted to obtain 0.5 g tablets.
<Usage>
Take 2 capsules per day.

Formulation Example 6 Jelly <Prescription>
Component Content (%)
1. Black Reishi Ethanol Extract (Production Example 4) 0.002
2. Carrageenan 2.0
3. gelatin 1.0
4. Sugar 28.5
5. Purified water 68.498
<Manufacturing method>
Ingredients 1-5 are mixed, boiled down with heating, poured into jelly molds and cooled.
<Usage>
Take 1 piece (100 g) per day.

Formulation Example 7 Powder <formulation>
Component Content (%)
1. Reishi hot water extract (Production Example 1) 15.0
2. Dry cornstarch 65.0
3. Microcrystalline cellulose 20.0
<Manufacturing method>
Ingredients 1 to 3 are mixed to form a powder.
<Usage>
Take 1 sachet (3 g) per day.

Experimental Example 1 Spontaneous locomotion-enhancing action in naturally aged mice Three-month-old HR-1 hairless mice were fed with a normal diet or a diet supplemented with 2% of Ganoderma lucidum hot water extract (Production Example 1). was performed for 18 months. The age of the mice at this point is 21 months. After 18 months of breeding, using a passive infrared sensor (Supermex PYS-001, manufactured by Muromachi Kikai Co., Ltd.), the amount of locomotor activity at night was measured for 7 days, and the sum of the measured values for 7 days was taken as the amount of locomotor activity. Using 3-month-old HR-1 hairless mice as young mice, the amount of motor activity at night was similarly measured for 7 days, and the sum of the measured values for 7 days was taken as the amount of motor activity.

Table 1 shows the results of locomotor activity measurement. Although the amount of spontaneous locomotion of mice decreased to about 70% with aging, it improved to more than 90% of that of young mice by ingestion of the Reishi mushroom extract.

Experimental Example 2 Gene expression analysis test After measuring the amount of spontaneous locomotion in Experimental Example 1, the mouse was dislocated in the cervical vertebrae, and the calf muscle of the right hind limb (hereinafter simply referred to as muscle) was excised. Gene expression analysis was performed by preparing cDNA from the extracted RNA and performing real-time PCR using SYBR Green. The primers used for gene expression analysis are as follows.

Primer set GATGGCACGCAGCCCTATT for PGC-1α (SEQ ID NO: 1)
CGACACGGAGAGTTAAAGGAAGA (SEQ ID NO: 2)
Primer set GCCTCTGGAAAAGGGACTTCTC for UCP2 (SEQ ID NO: 3)
ACCAGCTCAGCACAGTTGACA (SEQ ID NO: 4)
Primer set TTTTGCGGACCTCCTCACTT for UCP3 (SEQ ID NO: 5)
TGGATCTGCAGACGGACCTT (SEQ ID NO: 6)
Primer set ACGATGCTGTCCCTCCTTGATG for PPARα (SEQ ID NO: 7)
ACTCGCGTGTGATAAAGCCATT (SEQ ID NO: 8)
Primer set GATGAGAAACGGAAGTTTGGAGAGA for GLUT4 (SEQ ID NO: 9)
GCACCACTGCGATGATCAGA (SEQ ID NO: 10)
Primer set TCCACACAGAGAGACTGGCAACA for ADIPOQ receptor 1 (SEQ ID NO: 11)
GCATCGTCAAGATTCCCAGAA (SEQ ID NO: 12)
Primer set AACACTTACTATGCCTCGATTGCA for ACADM (SEQ ID NO: 13)
CCATAGCCTCCGAAAATCTGAA (SEQ ID NO: 14)
Primer set GACCCAAACAGTATCCCAATCA for CPT1B (SEQ ID NO: 15)
CGCCACGGGACCAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 16)
Primer set GTCTGGAGGTGAATTGTTCGACTA for AMPK (SEQ ID NO: 17)
GCGCGCTTCACCACCTT (SEQ ID NO: 18)
Primer set GCTGTGCTTCTGCTCCTGATT for COX7RP (SEQ ID NO: 19)
TGAGCTGGAGAGCAACTTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 20)
Primer set CTTCTGCTCCGAGTGCCATT for CD34 (SEQ ID NO: 21)
ATACCCTGGGCCAACCTCAC (SEQ ID NO: 22)
Primer set CGAAACAGGGTCATCATAGAA for MYOD1 (SEQ ID NO: 23)
TTGGGTAGCCGCTGGTT (SEQ ID NO: 24)
Primer set GTGGGCATGCAAGGTGTGTA for Myogenin (SEQ ID NO: 25)
TGCGCTTCTCCCTCAGTGT (SEQ ID NO: 26)
Primer set CAAAGAACAAAGATGAGGTGACCA for FNDC5 (SEQ ID NO: 27)
TTCTCCTTGTTGTTATTGGGCT (SEQ ID NO: 28)
Primer set for IGF-1 GTTGCTTCCGGAGCTGTGAT (SEQ ID NO: 29)
GATAGAGCGGGCTGCTTTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 30)
Primer set AACACCGGCTACCACAATG for IGF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 31)
GCCAAGCGATAGAGAGAGA (SEQ ID NO: 32)
Primer set ATGTTCACAAAGGAAGTACGAAGG for Atrogin1 (SEQ ID NO: 33)
TGGTCTTCAAGAACTTTCAGTACC (SEQ ID NO: 34)
Primer set CATCAAGAGCATTGTAGAAGCC for MuRF1 (SEQ ID NO: 35)
CTCCTCATCTGTCCCCAAAGTC (SEQ ID NO: 36)
Primer set CCTTGGCACCAATGTCCCGGGCTC for MyHC1 (SEQ ID NO: 37)
GAAGCGCAATGCAGAGTCGGTG (SEQ ID NO: 38)
Primer set GTGATTTCTCTCTGTCACCTCTC for MyHC2B (SEQ ID NO: 39)
GGAGGACCGCAAGAACGTGCTGA (SEQ ID NO: 40)
Primer set GATGATAACCTGCTGGTGTGTGA for IL-1β (SEQ ID NO: 41)
GTTGTTCATCTCGGAGCCTGTAG (SEQ ID NO: 42)
Primer set TTCTCTGGGAAATCGTGGAAA for IL-6 (SEQ ID NO: 43)
CTGCAAGTGCATCATCGTTGTT (SEQ ID NO: 44)
Primer set TGATGATGATGGGCAACGTT for CDKN2A (SEQ ID NO: 45)
TCGAATCTGCACCGTAGTTTGAG (SEQ ID NO: 46)
Primer set CCGAGAACGGTGGAACTTTG for CDKN1A (SEQ ID NO: 47)
AACGCGCTCCCAGACGAA (SEQ ID NO: 48)
Primer set CGACCTATCCTTACCATCATCACA for TRP53 (SEQ ID NO: 49)
GGCACAAAACGAACCTCAA (SEQ ID NO: 50)
Primer set GCACTAATTCCAAGTTCTATACCC for SIRT1 (SEQ ID NO: 51)
GGCAACTCTGATAAATGAACCA (SEQ ID NO: 52)

Table 2 shows the results of gene expression analysis. As a result of examining various gene expressions, ingestion of the ganoderma lucidum extract increased gene expression by more than 1.5 times in MyoD1, Myogenin, FNDC5, IGF-1 and IGF-2, which are factors promoting muscle formation. . Atrogin1 and MuRF1, which are muscle atrophy factors, increased in gene expression with aging, but the gene expression decreased to less than half by ingestion of Ganoderma lucidum. Table 3 shows the gene expression promotion rate of Ganoderma lucidum for seven muscle formation-promoting factors and muscle atrophy factors.

Ganoderma lucidum suppressed the gene expression of muscle atrophy factor while promoting the gene expression of muscle formation promoting factor. By regulating gene expression, ganoderma lucidum promotes muscle formation and inhibits muscle atrophy. It also promotes the amount of spontaneous exercise, so it exerts an excellent effect on muscle maintenance and is extremely beneficial in improving athletic performance. It became clear.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as foods, quasi-drugs, pharmaceuticals, feeds for livestock and pets, which are aimed at improving exercise capacity, improving spontaneous locomotion, and maintaining muscles.

Claims (2)

A muscle cell differentiation promoting agent ( excluding a muscle atrophy suppressing agent) characterized by containing reishi (excluding fermented extract ). The muscle cell differentiation promoting agent (muscle atrophy suppressing agent) according to claim 1, wherein the muscle cell differentiation promotion is promotion of expression of one or more genes selected from MyoD1, Myogenin, FNDC5, IGF-1, and IGF-2 except).