JP7241268B2 - Joining method of joints - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method of joining members called joints, mainly in the field of wooden construction and woodwork.

In the fields of wooden construction and woodworking, many of the methods of joining wooden members, known as shiguchi, have been developed in many parts of the world with a long history. In Japan as well, there are traditional construction methods that developed during the early modern period, based on the wood processing technology that came into Japan with the continental culture in the Middle Ages, and existing joint techniques that have continued to develop since then.
These joints are mainly made by cutting, scraping, or making holes in the members themselves to be joined to create unevenness, and by aligning protrusions with the indentations, they are joined without any gaps, preventing misalignment and reducing the load on the members. There are many different types, depending on the purpose, such as those for gaining advantages in terms of strength, such as by dispersing them, and those seeking beauty by combining members, and they are used in fields such as architecture and woodworking. It has been.

In order to strengthen the fixing force of the joint, metal fittings such as nails and adhesives and auxiliary materials have been used in traditional construction methods, but in recent years, more diverse hardware and auxiliary materials have been adopted, some of which are combined. There are some that do not require processing of the main parts, and others that require almost no processing technology.
Against this background, the development of new joinery techniques that combine parts by processing the parts to be joined to make them uneven is somewhat stagnant. Further development is desired.

Focusing on the angle of traditional construction methods and existing member joining that does not rely on hardware or auxiliary materials, when considering the length direction of a member that is relatively long compared to the thickness and width as the axial direction, In the joining of two shafts, the one that joins the length on one axis is called a joint, and the one where one shaft is inserted or crossed from the other side is called a joint. distinguish.
Most joints of two members are joined in a state in which the two axes are orthogonal, but there are some joints that are joined at an angle other than a right angle.
In many cases where three shaft members are joined at one point, the joint technology of two members is synthesized, and most of them have a shape in which two of the three axes or all three axes are perpendicular to each other. Although there are exceptions where the three axes intersect at an angle that is not necessarily perpendicular to each other, there are not many examples where the three axes are three-dimensionally joined at a free angle that is not necessarily perpendicular to each other.

Although the nature of this technique is slightly different from that of jointing techniques that join members together with a fixed force, there are techniques called tripods and mitsumata, which are used as supports for hanging heavy objects.
As three shafts, close to the ends of relatively small-diameter logs are bundled with a binding force that is moderate enough to open each shaft so that each shaft does not shift, and the binding part is on top and the opposite end In the old days when there was no mechanical power such as heavy machinery, it was used as a technology for lifting and transporting heavy objects by human power.
In the case of a three-legged or three-pronged joint, where the connecting angle between the shaft members is not limited to orthogonal, but is relatively small and is joined in a positional relationship such as the side direction of a triangular pyramid extending from one vertex, this triangular pyramid The load resistance from the top to the bottom is very strong, and the three-point contact of the shaft end to the bottom is less affected by unevenness of the contact surface, and the posture is easy to stabilize.
Even if each member is thin and light and does not have sufficient strength, it is possible to demonstrate the necessary strength by combining three members, making it easy to obtain and transport the members. There are also advantages in
However, the three-legged and three-pronged joints do not have sufficient strength to fix the axial direction of the three-axis joints themselves. Since the bound portion is a semi-free end, it is necessary to prevent the leg end that touches the ground from sliding in order to stabilize the shape.
In addition, the joints are not jointed, but rather, the joints of three shaft-shaped members are bound with rope or steel wire, and in recent years, they are sometimes joined with special hardware.

As for furniture, a seat with three grounding members is stable in installation posture even when the floor surface is slightly uneven, and can be an effective structure for supporting the weight with a small number of members. However, the joints of the members of these products are a combination of joints of two members, and are not an example in which the main three shafts are joined at one point and at a free angle.
In addition, there are things that are applications of tripods and three-prongs, such as stools in which one point, which is the intersection of three axes, is tied with a string and then bundled, and an object that prevents opening is attached to the end of the shaft member. However, like the tripod and the tripod, the joint does not have enough strength to fix the axial direction, and the shaft material itself does not involve joint processing.

Like a triangular pyramidal joint formed by three legs or forks, it is a posture that rotates around one axis in the vertical direction that is the reference, and multiple shafts are at an appropriate angle of inclination to the vertical direction that is the reference. The form in which a part of the shaft material overlaps and joins on one axis is often advantageous in terms of vertical strength, stability of posture, and lightness of the member. Considering the versatility as an advantage, it is worth thinking of it as a new form of joint called "single-axis turning type one-point joining".

When we focus on the complexity of joints, traditional construction methods and existing joints that involve processing joints may differ in the strength and function expected of each member, so the shapes and specifications of the joints are important. The opening process is often different for each member, and it tends to become complicated as the number of members increases.

Wooden buildings and furniture, including traditional construction methods, have been completed in the form of timberwork to some extent, and the novelty of the structure and product form has disappeared.

When considering the joining of members where three shaft members, which are the main members of the joint, overlap in one place, the conventional joining method of joints is not limited to three-dimensionally orthogonal to each other. There are almost no examples of joining at an angle, and even if there is, the joining part does not have the strength to fix the axial direction of the member, so it is different from the part where the three shafts are overlapped and joined. It was possible to stabilize the shape by fixing the joints, using auxiliary joining materials (nails, screws, metal plates), special hardware, etc., which are different from the main joining materials.

In the present invention, the three shaft members that are the main members of the joint have an appropriate inclination and take a position that rotates around one axis in the vertical direction that serves as a reference. In a form that overlaps in one place, without using joining aids (nails, screws, metal plates), the shaft material itself is cut and unevenness is combined to overlap at any angle, not limited to perpendicular to each other. The challenge is to propose a connection method that has the strength to fix the axial direction of the joint.

The present invention relates to a joint joining method using three shaft members and a plug member, each of which has an uneven surface formed by recesses formed from the side surfaces of the three shaft members that are the main members of the joint, Arranging the three shaft members so as to rotate around a reference axis while tilting them at an angle that is not limited to a form orthogonal to each other, and combining the uneven surfaces on the reference axis. and an assembling step of joining the three shaft members together, and a fitting step of fitting the plug member into a space formed in the connecting portion after the three shaft members are assembled.

According to the present invention, the three shaft members that are the main components of the joint are not limited to being orthogonal to each other, by combining unevenness made by notching the shaft members themselves without using joining auxiliary materials (nails, screws, metal plates). It is possible to realize a joint having strength to overlap at one point with an arbitrary angle and to fix the axial direction of the joint shaft member.

Explanatory drawing of an example of joining form of joint Explanatory diagram of the positional relationship between the joint core and the member core of the spindle Explanatory diagram in which each joint member is arranged in the positional relationship shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing of spindle member shape and machining shape It is an explanatory view of the joining of the main shafts and the notched shape of the receiving portion, and is an explanatory view of the overlapping portion of the main shaft on the hooking side and the main shaft on the receiving side. It is an explanatory diagram of the notched shape of the receiving portion and the joining of the main shafts, and is an explanatory diagram of the notched shape of the receiving portion of the main shaft. Parallel projection view of the shape of the space that is not filled with material when three spindles with only the receiving part of the spindle are notched are arranged in a joint configuration. A view from the vertical direction looking down on the shape of the space that is not filled with material when three spindles with only the receiving part of the spindle are notched are arranged in a joint configuration. Parallel projection view of the notch shape of the plug insertion part of the spindle Looking down from the vertical direction of the notch shape of the plug insertion part of the spindle Explanatory drawing about the member shape of the plug Explanatory drawing of the connection between a single spindle and a plug Explanatory drawing of the inclination angle of the main shaft and the joint angle between the main shafts on the horizontal plane Explanatory diagram of the rotation angle from the state of the spindle centered on the member core Explanatory drawing of the eccentricity of the main shaft and the joint center looking down from the vertical direction Parallel projection view of Example 1 Parallel projection view of Example 2 Parallel projection view of Example 3 Parallel projection view of Example 4 Parallel projection view of Example 5 Parallel projection view of Example 6 Parallel view of Example 7 as a seat Parallel projection view of Example 8 as a coat hanger Parallel view of Example 9 as a column

An example of basic bonding will be shown below to describe embodiments of the present invention. However, they are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, its applications, or its uses.

As shown in FIG. 1, there are two kinds of members, namely, the main shaft 1 and the plug 2, and the number of members is four, that is, the main shaft 1 is three and the plug 2 is one.

The arrangement of the spindle 1 is as follows, as shown in FIG. First, the joint core 3, which is the center of the joint, is set in the vertical direction. The member core 4 of each main shaft 1, which is the main body of the joint, has an appropriate eccentricity with respect to the joint core 3 and an appropriate inclination with respect to the vertical direction. Arrange it so that it turns at an appropriate angle.

FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of each member in the joining mode. According to the position of the member core 4 of the main spindle 1 shown in FIG. When positioned at the bottom, each plays a role of receiving side, and they overlap each other to support each other while taking a relationship of receiving. The plugs 2 are inserted at the intersections of the three main shafts 1 on the joint core 3 as plugs to prevent the joint from slipping.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the shape of the spindle 1 and an example of the shape of the recess formed on the side surface of the spindle 1. As shown in FIG. In this embodiment, all the three spindles 1 have the same shape, and the recesses to be machined are also the same. no. There are two types of machining of the recesses, ie, a notch 5 for the receiving portion of the spindle 1 and a notch 6 for the insertion portion of the plug 2, depending on the role.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the notch 5 in the receiving portion of the main shaft 1 is formed such that the side surface of the main shaft 1 on the receiving side and the side surface of the main shaft 1 on the hooking side are positioned according to the positional relationship between the adjacent main shafts 1 . Notch processing is performed as a concave portion in the shape of the overlapping members.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, when three main spindles 1 having only notches 5 in the receiving portions of the main spindles 1 are machined to form recesses in the main spindles 1 and are arranged in a joint configuration, there is no material inside. An unfilled space 7 is created.

The plug 2 is a member that adheres closely to the inner surface of the space 7 that is not filled with this material and plays a role of preventing displacement by pressing. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the notch 6 of the plug 2 is projected vertically upward to create a space 7 that is not filled with material. A portion where the projected portion comes into contact with the spindle 1 when the projection is made is notched as a concave portion.

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 8, the cross-sectional shape 8 of the shaft portion of the plug 2 is obtained by projecting the space 7 formed inside, which is not filled with the material, in the vertically upward direction.
FIG. 11 shows the member shape of the plug 2. As shown in FIG. The tip of the plug 2 on the side to be inserted into the joint is connected to the shape of the space 7 not filled with this material, forming a triangular pyramid.
FIG. 12 shows a state in which one main shaft 1 and plug 2 are joined together.

In this way, as shown in FIG. 4, the three main shafts 1 provided with the notch 5 for the receiving portion of the main shaft 1 and the notch 6 for the insertion portion of the plug 2 are arranged as shown in FIG. If the ruggednesses are combined and joined together, the form will not be stable and will be easily disassembled. At this time, the side surface and the tip of the plug 2 are brought into close contact with the surface of the interior of the space formed between the three main shafts 1, and a pressing force is applied from the inside to the meshing portions of the uneven surfaces of the respective members. Therefore, the joint is such that the axial direction of the joint shaft is fixed. This joint can be disassembled by pulling out the plug 2 .

Although there are various forms of joining according to the present invention, including the joining examples described above, the elements that determine the joining form will be described.
[1, Concerning the shape of the member of the spindle]

The member shape of the main shaft 1 is a shaft-like member having a relatively large length with respect to the cross section. As shown in Fig. 4, a square prism with a square cross-sectional shape is desirable, but other square prisms, polygonal prisms, cylinders, cones, and free axis shapes that are not limited to straight sides can also be joined. Sometimes it is possible.
[2, About the axis inclination angle of the spindle]

FIG. 13 is for explaining the angle formed by the joint core 3 and the member core 4 of the spindle 1 shown in FIG. The inclination angle 9 refers to the angle formed by the member core 4 of the main shaft 1 with the vertical direction when the main shaft 1 is arranged in the joined form. Considering the state in which the member core 4 of the main shaft 1 is vertically upright is 0 degrees, and the state in which the axis inclination angle 9 increases as the fall increases and the state in which it is tilted horizontally is 90 degrees, from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. Set within the range of When the shaft inclination angle 9 is 0 degrees or 90 degrees, the overlap between the main shafts 1 does not hold as a receiving relationship, and the joining form of the present invention cannot be obtained.
[3, Concerning the connection angle on the horizontal plane between the main shafts]

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 13, the connection angle 10 between the main shafts 1 on the horizontal plane is obtained by arranging the three main shafts 1 in a joint configuration and projecting the member cores 8 of the main shafts 1 downward from the vertical direction onto the horizontal plane. Sometimes it is the angle between the projected cores.
[4, Rotation angle of main shaft about member core of main shaft 1]

As shown in FIG. 14, the rotation angle 11 of the main shaft 1 about the member core 4 of the main shaft 1 is the reference when the main shaft 1 is arranged in the joint configuration and viewed from above in the axial direction. From the state of the main shaft 1 that rotates clockwise around the member core 8 of the main shaft 1 .
[5. Concerning the eccentricity between the joint core and the member core of the spindle]

The eccentricity between the joint core 3 and the member core 8 of the main shaft 1 is determined by arranging the main shaft 1 in the joint configuration as shown in FIG. , and the shortest distance 13 between the member core 4 of the spindle 1 and the joint core 3 are expressed in percentage. The case where the joint core 3 intersects the member core 8 of the main shaft 1 is assumed to be 0%, and the case where the joint core 3 intersects the most uneven portion of the main shaft 1 on the joint core 3 side is assumed to be 100%.

It is important to set each element that determines these joint forms, but it is important to set each element individually. vinegar. Inappropriate setting means that the spindles 1 do not overlap each other enough or the angle of engagement is bad, so that it is easy to come off. In addition to cases where the connection between the main shafts 1 is inappropriate, such as when the main shaft 1 has a fragile shape or when the main shaft 1 is divided and the joint form cannot be obtained, the plug 2 can be removed even if the main shaft 1 can be connected. In the direction in which the main shaft 1 is inserted and pressed from the inside, the main shaft 1 may slip and the fitting may not work effectively, such as when the shape is not stable.

In addition, it is important to appropriately set each element that determines the joint form because the properties such as the expected yield strength, shape, and design change depending on the completed joint form.

In this manner, the shape and dimensions of the notch portion of the concave portion of the spindle 1 are determined by setting each element that determines the joining form. The member shape of the insertion portion of the plug 2 is also determined.

When the elements that determine the joining form of the joint according to the present invention are set under the same conditions for the three spindles 1, the machined shapes and dimensions of the joints of the three spindles 1 are exactly the same. Therefore, the components can be simplified with two types and four points.

The set value of each element that determines the joining form of the joint according to the present invention has a degree of freedom, and the joining form is not limited to a fixed one and can be changed in various ways depending on the combination thereof.

In the description of the connection form of the joint of the present invention, there are cases in which the direction of the joint core 3, the direction of insertion of the plug 3, and the positional relationship of the main shaft 1 are specified, such as up and down, but this is the connection form. is not limited, and the direction and positional relationship are changed according to the purpose.

The joining form of the present invention can be changed depending on the purpose, and several examples are given as embodiments.
[Example 1]

Example 1 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 16 as an example of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an orthographic view with hidden lines that also shows the internal situation. FIG. 16 shows the same embodiment projected from different angles. Elements that determine the joint form are set for the three main shafts 1 under the same conditions as follows.
・The member shape of the joint of the main shaft 1 is a square prism. ・The shaft inclination angle 9 of the main shaft 1 is 30 degrees. The rotation angle 11 of the main shaft 1 about the member core 4 is 45 degrees based on the state where one side of the square of the member cross section is horizontal ・ Eccentricity between the joint core 3 and the member core 4 of the main shaft 1 The rate shall be 50%.
This embodiment has a good balance in terms of vertical strength, stability of posture, and miniaturization of members, and is the most basic form of the present invention [Embodiment 2]

FIG. 17 shows Example 2 as an example of the present invention. Elements that determine the form of joining are set for the three main shafts 1 under the same conditions as follows.
・ The member shape of the joint of the main shaft 1 is a square prism. ・ The shaft inclination angle 9 of the main shaft 1 is 45 degrees. The rotation angle 11 of the main shaft 1 about the member core 4 is 60 degrees based on the state where one side of the square of the member cross section is horizontal ・ Eccentricity between the joint core 3 and the member core 4 of the main shaft 1 The rate shall be 60%.
Among the factors that determine the joining form compared to the first embodiment, the setting of the shaft inclination angle 9 of the main shaft 1 changes the form and properties of the joint.
[Example 3]

Example 3 is shown in FIG. 18 as an example of the present invention. Elements that determine the form of joining are set for the three main shafts 1 under the same conditions as follows.
・ The shape of the member at the joint of the main shaft 1 is a square prism. ・ The shaft inclination angle 9 of the main shaft 1 is 60 degrees. The rotation angle 11 of the main shaft 1 about the member core 4 is 80 degrees based on the state where one side of the square of the member cross section is horizontal ・ Eccentricity between the joint core 3 and the member core 4 of the main shaft 1 The rate shall be 70%.
Compared with the previous example, this is an example in which the axial inclination angle 9 of the main shaft 1 is set larger, and the spread in the lateral direction is characteristic.
[Example 4]

Example 4 is shown in FIG. 19 as an example of the present invention. Elements that determine the form of joining are set for the three main shafts 1 under the same conditions as follows.
・ The member shape of the joint of the main shaft 1 is a square prism. ・ The shaft inclination angle 9 of the main shaft 1 is 75 degrees. The rotation angle 11 of the main shaft 1 about the member core 4 of the main shaft 1 is set to 85 degrees based on the state where one side of the square of the member cross section is horizontal. The rate shall be 60%.
In this example, the tilt angle 9 of the main spindle 1 is set to be larger than that in the previous example, so that it can be used as a component member of a planar disk.
[Example 5]

FIG. 20 shows Example 5 as an example of the present invention. Elements that determine the form of joining are set for the three main shafts 1 under the same conditions as follows.
・ The member shape of the joint of the main shaft 1 is a quadrangular prism whose member width is twice the member thickness and the member length is relatively large. The joint angle 10 of each is equal 120 degrees. ・The rotation angle 11 of the main shaft 1 around the member core 4 of the main shaft 1 is 50 degrees based on the state where the long side of the rectangular cross section of the member is horizontal. Yes ・ The eccentricity ratio between the joint core 3 and the member core 4 of the spindle 1 shall be 70%.
This is an example in which the cross section of the spindle 1 is rectangular.
[Example 6]

FIG. 21 shows Example 6 as an example of the present invention. Elements that determine the form of joining are set for the three main shafts 1 under the same conditions as follows.
・ The member shape of the joint of the main shaft 1 is a quadrangular prism whose member width is twice the member thickness and the member length is relatively large. The joint angle 10 of each shall be equal 120 degrees. ・The rotation angle 11 of the main shaft 1 around the member core 4 of the main shaft 1 shall be 50 degrees, with the short side of the rectangular cross section of the member being horizontal as the standard. Yes ・ The eccentricity ratio between the joint core 3 and the member core 4 of the spindle 1 is set to 50%.
This is an example in which the direction of the rectangular cross section of Example 5 is changed and joined.
[Example 7]

FIG. 22 shows Example 7 as an example of the present invention. This is an embodiment as a seat, in which the main shaft 1 is pyramidal.
[Example 8]

FIG. 23 shows Example 8 as an example of the present invention. This is an embodiment in which the axial ridge of the main shaft 1 does not have a straight line, and is an embodiment as a coat hanger.
[Example 9]

Example 9 is shown in FIG. 24 as an example of the present invention. This is an embodiment when the axial inclination angle of the main shaft 1 is made extremely small, and is expected to be used as a pillar of a building.

Although the present invention does not require any special technique, it realizes a new form that is an extension of the traditional technique of joints. Depending on the situation, it can be used in a variety of ways, such as a form that mainly expects vertical bearing force such as columns of architectural structures and legs of furniture, and a form that spreads horizontally and constitutes a wide board surface. It is expected to be incorporated into products such as buildings and furniture according to various design purposes such as flexibility, and to be used as a new joining method for joints.
In addition, the material does not need to be limited to wood, and it can be a method of joining joints that can be used for products other than wood-based products.

1 spindle
2 stopper
3 joining core
4 core of spindle
5 Notch in the receiving part of the main shaft
6 Notch in plug insertion part
7 Space not filled with materials
8 Cross-sectional shape of the shank of the plug
9 Inclination angle of spindle
10 Mounting angle on horizontal plane between main shafts
11 Rotational angle of the main shaft around the member core of the main shaft
12 Distance between the member core of the main shaft and the most eccentric part on the joint core side of the main shaft
13 The shortest distance between the member core of the spindle and the joint core

Claims (2)

A method of joining a joint using three shaft members having an uneven surface formed by recesses formed from the side surfaces of the three shaft members that are the main members of the joint and a plug material, The shaft members are arranged so as to rotate around a reference axis while being inclined at an angle that is not limited to a form orthogonal to each other, and by combining the uneven surfaces on the reference axis, the three A jointing method comprising an assembling step of joining the shaft members of a book, and a fitting step of fitting the plug material into a space formed in a joint portion after assembling the three shaft members. . 2. The method for joining joints according to claim 1, wherein the three shaft members that are the main members of the joint are made of wood, resin, or metal.

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