JP7222257B2 - 3D printer - Google Patents

Description

One aspect of the present invention relates to a three-dimensional modeling apparatus.

Patent document 1 discloses that the modeling accuracy depends on the diameter of the irradiation beam, and the relationship between the modeling time and the accuracy contradicts each other in a three-dimensional layered modeling apparatus. Therefore, the apparatus of Patent Literature 1 adopts a laser irradiation configuration in which the spot size of the beam diameter can be changed. More specifically, the apparatus of Patent Literature 1 uses a high-voltage power source that accelerates electrons as a pulse power source to instantaneously apply heat to the forming interface. This technique suppresses excessive heat input to the powder material and suppresses melting of the powder material at unintended portions. Note that in the apparatus of Patent Document 1, the structure of the electron gun does not change depending on the mode of voltage application (pulse or direct current).

Patent Literature 2 discloses a three-dimensional modeling apparatus equipped with a plurality of laser light sources. The apparatus of Patent Literature 2 performs high-energy sintering by concentrating and irradiating a plurality of light beams or the like onto a forming area of the same powder layer. Patent Literature 3 discloses an apparatus used in a layered manufacturing method. The device of Patent Document 3 has two laser light sources. Then, by varying the characteristics of the lasers emitted from the respective laser light sources, the formation of cross-sectional elements, the integration of the cross-sectional elements and the molded object, and the surface molding of the cross-sectional elements are performed.

JP 2015-168228 A JP 2017-030254 A JP 2006-45584 A

As shown in Patent Literature 1, modeling time and accuracy are mutually exclusive. This precision is, for example, the surface shape of the modeled object. Therefore, in this field, a three-dimensional modeling apparatus capable of reducing the surface roughness of a modeled object while shortening the modeling time has been desired.

An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional modeling apparatus capable of reducing the surface roughness of a model while shortening the modeling time.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a first beam irradiation unit irradiates a powder material spread evenly in a first irradiation area with a first energy beam, and obtains a first shaped object in which the powder material is solidified by the irradiation of the first energy beam. a second beam irradiating unit that irradiates the first modeled object included in the second irradiation area with the second energy beam, and obtains a second modeled object that is cut out from the first modeled object by the irradiation of the second energy beam; and the electron beam diameter of the second energy beam is smaller than the electron beam diameter of the first energy beam.

According to this device, the powder material is solidified by being irradiated with the first energy beam. Solidification of the powder material forms the first model. The electron beam diameter of the energy beam affects the molding time. The second energy beam has a smaller electron beam diameter than the first energy beam. That is, the first energy beam has a larger electron beam diameter than the second energy beam. As a result, the first shaped article can be formed in a short time by solidifying the powder material using the first energy beam. Then, by irradiating the first modeled object with the second energy beam, the second modeled object is cut out from the first modeled object. The electron beam diameter of the energy beam also affects the surface roughness of the modeled object. Then, by processing the first modeled object using the second energy beam, it is possible to form the second modeled object having a surface roughness smaller than that of the first modeled object. Therefore, according to the first beam irradiation section and the second beam irradiation section, the modeling time can be shortened and the surface roughness of the modeled object can be reduced.

The three-dimensional modeling apparatus described above further includes a rotary table on which the powder material is evenly spread and which rotates around the axis. They may be spaced apart, and the second beam irradiation section may be arranged at a position farther from the axis than the first beam irradiation section. According to this configuration, the first modeled object is irradiated with the second energy beam while the first modeled object is rotated by the rotary table. The second beam irradiation section is farther from the axis than the first beam irradiation section. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface of the first shaped article can be formed by the irradiation of the second energy beam. As a result, it is possible to obtain a second modeled object having an outer peripheral surface with reduced surface roughness.

The above three-dimensional modeling apparatus further includes a rotary table on which the powder material is evenly spread and which rotates around the axis, and a third beam for irradiating the first modeled object included in the third irradiation area with the third energy beam. An irradiation unit is further provided, and the third beam irradiation unit is arranged away from the rotary table along the direction of the axis and is arranged at a position closer to the axis than the first beam irradiation unit, and emits electrons of the third energy beam. The beam diameter may be smaller than the electron beam diameter of the first energy beam. According to this configuration, the first modeled object is irradiated with the third energy beam while the first modeled object is rotated by the rotary table. The third beam irradiation section is closer to the axis than the first beam irradiation section. Therefore, the irradiation of the third energy beam can form the inner peripheral surface of the first modeled object. As a result, it is possible to obtain a second modeled object having an inner peripheral surface with reduced surface roughness.

The three-dimensional modeling apparatus described above further includes a fixed table on which the powder material is evenly spread and fixed around the axis. and a plurality of second beam irradiation units may be arranged at positions farther from the axis than the first beam irradiation units. Also with this configuration, the modeling time can be shortened and the surface roughness of the modeled object can be reduced.

The three-dimensional modeling apparatus described above further includes a rotary table on which the powder material is evenly spread and which rotates around the axis. The second beam irradiator may be arranged at a distance, and the second beam irradiator may be arranged at a position closer to the axis than the first beam irradiator. Also with this configuration, the modeling time can be shortened and the surface roughness of the modeled object can be reduced.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the three-dimensional-modeling apparatus which can reduce the surface roughness of a model while shortening modeling time is provided.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the main configuration of a 3D modeling apparatus according to an embodiment. Part (a) of FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the melting beam irradiation section, and part (b) of FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the cutting beam irradiation section. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a melting region and a cutting region of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to the embodiment; Part (a) of FIG. 4 shows how the powder material is evenly spread, part (b) of FIG. 4 shows how the melting beam is irradiated, and part (c) of FIG. 4 shows cutting. It is a figure which shows a mode that a beam is irradiated. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to Modification 1. As shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to modification 2. As shown in FIG. Part (a) of FIG. 7 shows a three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to Modification 3, and part (b) of FIG. 7 shows a three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to Modification 4. As shown in FIG.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions are omitted.

The three-dimensional laminate-molded article manufacturing apparatus (hereinafter referred to as "three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1") shown in FIG. 1 is a so-called 3D printer. The three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1 applies energy to the powder material 101 arranged in layers. In other words, the 3D modeling apparatus 1 raises the temperature of the powder material 101 . As a result, powder material 101 melts. Then, when the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1 stops applying energy, the temperature of the melted powder material 101 drops, so that it solidifies. That is, the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1 repeats applying and stopping the energy a plurality of times to manufacture the final modeled object 102B (second modeled object).

The powder material 101 is metal powder, such as titanium-based metal powder, Inconel powder, and aluminum powder. Further, the powder material 101 is not limited to metal powder, and may be powder containing carbon fiber and resin, such as CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics). Alternatively, the powder material 101 may be another powder having electrical conductivity.

The final molded object 102B is, for example, a machine part. Note that the final molded object 102B may be another structure.

The three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1 has a modeling chamber 2, a melting beam irradiation section 3 (first beam irradiation section), and a cutting beam irradiation section 4 (second beam irradiation section).

The modeling chamber 2 forms a modeling space that accommodates the powder material 101 and receives a melting beam 103 (first energy beam) to melt and solidify the powder material 101 . The modeling chamber 2 has a table 6 (rotary table), an elevating device 7 , a powder supply device 8 , a modeling pump 9 , and a modeling housing 10 .

The table 6 has, for example, a disc shape, and the powder material 101, which is the raw material of the final model 102B, is placed thereon. The lifting device 7 lifts the table 6 . The powder supply device 8 arranges the powder material 101 on the table 6 in layers, for example, in a plurality of layers. The modeling pump 9 exhausts gas existing in the modeling space and sets the pressure in the modeling space to a predetermined value. The modeling housing 10 forms a modeling space that accommodates the table 6 , the lifting device 7 and the powder feeding device 8 . A melting beam irradiation unit 3 , a cutting beam irradiation unit 4 , and a modeling pump 9 are connected to the modeling housing 10 .

As shown in part (a) of FIG. 2 , the melting beam irradiation unit 3 generates a melting beam 103 (energy beam) and provides the melting beam 103 to the modeling chamber 2 . This melting beam 103 melts the powder material 101 . The melting beam irradiation unit 3 has a housing 12 , an electron gun 13 , a vacuum pump 14 and a vacuum pump 16 .

The housing 12 cooperates with the vacuum pumps 14 and 16 to form a so-called differential pumping system. The housing 12 forms an electron gun chamber 12a, a first differentially pumped chamber 12b, and a second differentially pumped chamber 12c. The electron gun chamber 12a, the first differentially pumped chamber 12b, and the second differentially pumped chamber 12c communicate with each other through pores such as orifices. Therefore, the electron gun chamber 12a, the first differential evacuation chamber 12b, and the second differential evacuation chamber 12c form one airtight closed space.

The electron gun chamber 12 a accommodates the electron gun 13 . A vacuum pump 14 is connected to the electron gun chamber 12a. The first differential evacuation chamber 12b is connected to the electron gun chamber 12a through a small hole such as an orifice. A vacuum pump 16 is connected to the first differential evacuation chamber 12b. The second differential evacuation chamber 12c is connected to the first differential evacuation chamber 12b and the modeling chamber 2 through pores. A coil unit 17 is arranged in the second differential exhaust chamber 12c.

The coil unit 17 shapes the melting beam 103 emitted from the electron gun 13 . The shaping referred to here includes convergence of the melting beam 103, adjustment of the focal position, and control of the scanning speed. Coil unit 17 includes, for example, a plurality of coils that form a magnetic field in the front region of electron gun 13 .

The electron gun 13 has a power source 13a, a cathode 13b, an anode 13c, and a filament 13d. A power supply 13a is electrically connected to the cathode 13b and the anode 13c. The electron gun 13 accelerates thermoelectrons emitted from the cathode 13b by a potential difference (acceleration voltage) between the cathode 13b and the anode 13c. The acceleration voltage is, for example, 60 kV. The accelerated thermoelectrons constitute the melting beam 103 . The cathode 13b is made of a thermionic emission material (for example, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)). The diameter of cathode 13b is, for example, 0.8 millimeters. The electron gun 13 may have a grid electrode 13e arranged between the cathode 13b and the anode 13c, if necessary. The grid electrode 13e has openings. The melting beam 103 passes through the opening and hits the powder material 101 . The electron gun 13 also has an insulator 13f provided at the base end of the filament 13d.

As shown in part (b) of FIG. 2 , the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 generates a cutting beam 104 (second energy beam) and provides the cutting beam 104 to the modeling chamber 2 . The cutting beam 104 cuts the portion melted by the irradiation of the melting beam 103 and then solidified. Therefore, the cutting beam 104 has a different application than the melting beam 103 and thus has different characteristics. The electron beam diameter of the cutting beam 104 (eg, 0.1 mm) is smaller than the electron beam diameter of the melting beam 103 (eg, 0.5 mm or more and 1 mm or less). Also, the energy density of the cutting beam 104 is greater than that of the melting beam 103 . For example, the cutting beam 104 can be said to be a high voltage accelerated beam.

The cutting beam irradiation unit 4 has a housing 12 , an electron gun 18 , a vacuum pump 14 and a vacuum pump 16 . The electron gun 18 has a power source 18a, a cathode 18b, an anode 18c and a filament 18d. The power supply 18a supplies the electron gun 18 with a voltage of, for example, 80 kV or more and 200 kV or less as an acceleration voltage. That is, the absolute value (80 kV or more and 200 kV or less) of the output voltage of the power supply 18a is larger than the absolute value (60 kV) of the output voltage of the power supply 13a. The cathode 18b, like the cathode 13b, is made of a thermionic emission material (LaB6). However, the shape of cathode 18b is different from cathode 13b. For example, the diameter of the cathode 18b (for example, 0.5 mm or less) is smaller than the diameter of the cathode 13b (0.8 mm). In other words, cathode 18b is narrower than cathode 13b. Alternatively, cathode 18b has a shape that tapers toward the tip. In other words, the outer diameter of the tip (lower end) of the cathode 18b is smaller than the outer diameter of the tip (lower end) of the cathode 13b. By reducing the outer diameter of the tip of the cathode, the spot diameter of the beam can be narrowed.

Also, the coil unit 19 arranged in the second differential exhaust chamber 12 c is different from the coil unit 17 . Since the cutting beam 104 is stronger than the melting beam 103, the coil unit 19 has a correspondingly stronger beam shaping capability. The number of turns of the coil of the coil unit 19 may be larger than the number of turns of the coil unit 17 . The outer diameter of coil unit 19 may be larger than the outer diameter of coil unit 17 . In addition, the electron gun 18 may have a grid electrode 18e arranged between the cathode 18b and the anode 18c, if necessary. The grid electrode 18e has openings. A cutting beam 104 is provided to the build chamber 2 through the opening. The inner diameter of the opening of the grid electrode 18 e in the cutting beam irradiation section 4 may be smaller than the inner diameter of the opening 13 e of the grid electrode in the melting beam irradiation section 3 . The electron gun 18 also has an insulator 18f provided at the base end of the filament 18d. The inner diameter of the electron gun chamber 12 a of the cutting beam irradiation section 4 may be larger than the inner diameter of the electron gun chamber 12 a of the melting beam irradiation section 3 . The distance (insulation distance) between the inner surface of the electron gun chamber 12 a and the insulator 18 f in the cutting beam irradiation section 4 may be larger than the distance in the melting beam irradiation section 3 . This is because the voltage generated in the electron gun 18 of the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 is higher than the voltage generated in the electron gun 13 of the melting beam irradiation unit 3, so it is desirable to increase the insulation distance.

Next, the arrangement of the melting beam irradiation unit 3 and the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 shows the melting beam irradiation unit 3, the cutting beam irradiation unit 4, and the table 6, and omits illustration of other components.

As shown in FIG. 3, the melting beam irradiation unit 3 irradiates a melting beam 103 to a melting region 3S (first irradiation region). The melting region 3S is for example circular and has a diameter equal to or greater than the radius of the table 6. FIG. The melting area 3S is set so as to include the axis A of the table 6 and the circumferential edge 6a. The melting region 3S does not have to strictly include the axis A and the circumferential edge 6a, and the outer edge of the melting region 3S may be set in the vicinity of them.

The melting beam irradiation unit 3 is arranged at a position where such a melting region 3S can be realized. Specifically, the melting beam irradiation unit 3 is spaced along the axis A from the modeling surface 6 b of the table 6 . The melting beam irradiation unit 3 is arranged so that the irradiation axis 3A passes through the middle between the axis A and the circumferential edge 6a. When the beam deflection angle K3 of the melting beam irradiation part 3 is equiangular with respect to the irradiation axis 3A and the maximum beam deflection angle, the outer edge of the melting region 3S is reached.

The cutting beam irradiator 4 irradiates the cutting area 4S (second irradiation area) with the cutting beam 104 . The cutting area 4S is circular and its diameter is smaller than the radius of the table 6. For example, it can be said that the area of the cutting region 4S is smaller than the area of the melting region 3S, and it can be said that the diameter of the cutting region 4S is smaller than the diameter of the melting region 3S. The position of the cutting area 4S around the axis A is not particularly limited. As shown in FIG. 3, the cutting area 4S may overlap the melting area 3S. Alternatively, it may be separated from the melting region 3S by a predetermined angle (for example, 180 degrees).

The cutting beam irradiation unit 4 is arranged at a position where such a cutting area 4S can be realized. Specifically, the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 is spaced along the axis A from the modeling surface 6 b of the table 6 . The cutting beam irradiation unit 4 is arranged closer to the circumferential edge 6a than the melting beam irradiation unit 3 in the radial direction of the table 6 (the direction perpendicular to the axis A). In other words, the length from the axis A to the cutting beam irradiation section 4 is longer than the length from the axis A to the melting beam irradiation section 3 . The cutting beam irradiation section 4 can also adjust the beam deflection angle K4 within a predetermined range by the coil unit 19 in the same manner as the melting beam irradiation section 3 . On the other hand, the cutting beam 104 is stronger than the melting beam 103 . In other words, the cutting beam 104 is accelerated by a high voltage. Therefore, the maximum deflection angle of the cutting beam irradiation section 4 is smaller than the maximum deflection angle of the melting beam irradiation section 3 .

The operation of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1 will be described below.

As shown in part (a) of FIG. 4, the powder material 101 is evenly spread on the molding surface 6b of the table 6. Next, as shown in FIG. Next, as shown in part (b) of FIG. 4 , the powder material 101 is irradiated with a melting beam 103 from the melting beam irradiation unit 3 . The melting beam irradiation unit 3 reciprocates the irradiation position of the melting beam 103 along the irradiation line L. As shown in FIG. The irradiation line L may be parallel to the radial direction of the table 6 . At this time, the table 6 is rotating counterclockwise. As a result, in the powder material 101, a cylindrical region having a radius of the irradiation line L is melted and solidified. The spreading of the powder material 101 and the irradiation of the melting beam 103 are repeated a predetermined number of times. By repeating this process, a cylindrical intermediate product 102A (first model) is obtained.

Here, the melting beam 103 has suitable properties for melting the powder material 101 . Specifically, the melting beam 103 needs to irradiate the entire portion that will become the intermediate product 102A. For this reason, the melting beam 103 has a relatively large electron beam diameter (for example, a diameter of 0.5 mm or more and 1 mm or less) in order to efficiently irradiate the melting area having a large area with the melting beam 103 . When the melting beam 103 is irradiated, the influence (for example, heat) of the melting beam 103 is also applied to the vicinity of the irradiation position. Its impact is difficult to predict and control. As a result, the surface roughness of the outer peripheral surface C1 (see part (c) of FIG. 4) of the intermediate product 102A tends to become relatively large.

Next, a cutting beam 104 is emitted from the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 (see part (c) of FIG. 4). For example, the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 irradiates the cutting beam 104 in the direction of the irradiation axis A4. The cutting beam 104 is then orthogonally incident on the surface T. FIG. As a result, an outer peripheral surface C2 perpendicular to the surface T is formed. The cutting beam 104 has an electron beam diameter smaller than that of the melting beam 103 (for example, 1/10 or more and 1/5 or less). The cutting beam 104 having such a narrow electron beam diameter can form the outer peripheral surface C2 of the final product 102B that is smoother than the outer peripheral surface C1 of the intermediate product 102A.

Words such as "smooth" and "reduced surface roughness" in the embodiments are established in relation to the surface of the intermediate product 102A and the surface of the final product 102B. For example, "smooth" refers to a state in which the surface of the final object 102B has less unevenness than the surface of the intermediate object 102A. Also, "reduction of surface roughness" means that the surface roughness of the final molded article 102B is smaller than the surface roughness of the intermediate molded article 102A.

According to the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1, the powder material 101 is melted by being irradiated with the melting beam 103 and then solidified. By solidifying the powder material 101, an intermediate product 102A is formed. By irradiating the intermediate product 102A with the cutting beam 104, the final product 102B is cut out from the intermediate product 102A. The electron beam diameter of the energy beam affects the molding time. The cutting beam 104 has a smaller electron beam diameter than the melting beam 103 . That is, the melting beam 103 has a larger electron beam diameter than the cutting beam 104 . As a result, by melting and solidifying the powder material 101 using the melting beam 103, the intermediate product 102A can be formed in a short time. Also, the electron beam diameter of the energy beam affects the surface roughness of the modeled object. Then, by processing the intermediate product 102A using the cutting beam 104, the final product 102B having a smaller surface roughness than the intermediate product 102A can be formed. Therefore, according to the melting beam irradiation section 3 and the cutting beam irradiation section 4, the molding time can be shortened and the surface roughness of the final molded object 102B can be reduced.

The three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1 further includes a table 6 on which the powder material 101 is evenly spread and which rotates around the axis A. As shown in FIG. The melting beam irradiation unit 3 and the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 are arranged apart from the table 6 along the direction of the axis A. As shown in FIG. The cutting beam irradiation unit 4 is arranged at a position farther from the axis A than the melting beam irradiation unit 3 is. According to this configuration, the intermediate product 102A is irradiated with the cutting beam 104 while the intermediate product 102A is being rotated by the table 6 . The cutting beam irradiation part 4 is farther from the axis A than the melting beam irradiation part 3 is. Therefore, the irradiation of the cutting beam 104 can form the outer peripheral surface C1 of the intermediate product 102A. As a result, the final model 102B having the outer peripheral surface C2 with reduced surface roughness can be obtained.

The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.

[Modification 1]
As shown in FIG. 5, a three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1A according to Modification 1 includes a melting beam irradiation unit 3, a cutting beam irradiation unit 4, and a cutting beam irradiation unit 5 (third beam irradiation unit). good too. The cutting beam irradiation unit 5 has the same configuration as the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 . The cutting beam irradiation unit 5 irradiates the cutting region 5S (third irradiation region) with the cutting beam 105 (third energy beam). The cutting beam irradiation section 5 is arranged between the axis A and the melting beam irradiation section 3 . In other words, the cutting beam irradiation section 5, the melting beam irradiation section 3, and the cutting beam irradiation section 4 are arranged in this order along the direction from the axis A toward the circumferential edge 6a. Moreover, the cutting region 4S of the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 may be in contact with or partially overlap with the cutting region 5S of the cutting beam irradiation unit 5 . According to such a three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1A, in addition to the outer peripheral surface C2 of the final object 102B, the cutting beam irradiation unit 5 can also reduce the surface roughness of the inner peripheral surface of the final object 102B.

In Modification 1, the cutting beam irradiation unit 5 is used for finishing the inner peripheral surface of the final model 102B. For example, when the final object has a small diameter, the cutting beam irradiation unit 5 may be used for finishing the outer peripheral surface of the final object. That is, the cutting beam irradiation units 4 and 5 may be used for either finishing of the inner peripheral surface or finishing of the outer peripheral surface according to the size or shape of the final product.

[Modification 2]
As shown in FIG. 6, a three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1B according to Modification 2 may include a melting beam irradiation unit 3B and eight cutting beam irradiation units 4B. A table 6B (fixed table) of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1B does not rotate like the table 6 does. That is, the table 6B is fixed around the axis A. The melting beam irradiation part 3B is arranged on the axis A. As shown in FIG. The melting region 3BS of the melting beam irradiation section 3B covers substantially the entire molding surface 6b of the table 6B. The cutting beam irradiation units 4B are arranged at equal intervals of 45 degrees on a virtual circle centered on the axis A. As shown in FIG. This arrangement is set so that portions of the cutting regions 4BS adjacent to each other overlap. In the case of modification 2, the table 6B does not rotate, so the cutting area 4BS is set so as to overlap the melting area 3BS. According to such a three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1B, the surface roughness of the final model 102B can be reduced without requiring rotation of the table 6B.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the cutting beam irradiation unit 4B may irradiate the cutting beam to the outer peripheral surface of the modeled object, or may irradiate the cutting beam to the inner peripheral surface of the modeled object. There may be. Moreover, the cutting beam irradiation unit 4B may be capable of irradiating the cutting beam to both the outer peripheral surface side and the inner peripheral surface side of the modeled object. Further, a plurality of cutting beam irradiation units 4B for irradiating the outer peripheral surface of the modeled object with cutting beams, and a plurality of cutting beam irradiation units 4B for irradiating the inner peripheral surface of the modeled object with cutting beams may be provided. . That is, the target part for reducing the surface roughness of the modeled object by the cutting beam irradiation unit 4B may be either the outer peripheral surface side or the inner peripheral surface side of the final modeled object, or both. good too.

[Modifications 3 and 4]
In the embodiment, the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 irradiates the cutting beam 104 along the irradiation axis A4. The irradiation mode of the cutting beam 104 may be appropriately changed according to the shape of the outer peripheral surface C2 of the final model 102B. For example, as shown in part (a) of FIG. 7, it is assumed that the outer peripheral surface C2 of the final model 102B is tapered. In this case, the irradiation axis A4 of the cutting beam irradiation unit 4C may be arranged so as to obliquely intersect the surface 101T of the powder material 101 (or the modeling surface 6b of the table 6) (Modification 3). According to this configuration, the tapered outer peripheral surface C2 can be formed by irradiating the cutting beam 104 along the irradiation axis A4 from the obliquely arranged cutting beam irradiation unit 4C. Further, as shown in part (b) of FIG. 7, the irradiation axis A4 of the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the surface 101T of the powder material 101 (or the modeling surface 6b of the table 6). (Modification 4). According to this configuration, the tapered outer peripheral surface C2 can be formed by irradiating the cutting beam 104a deflected with respect to the irradiation axis A4 from the cutting beam irradiation unit 4. FIG.

Modifications 3 and 4 show modifications regarding the irradiation mode of the cutting beam irradiation unit 4 . Such a change in irradiation mode may be applied to the cutting beam irradiation unit 5 . In other words, the irradiation mode of the cutting beam irradiation section 5 (third beam irradiation section) may be appropriately changed according to the shape of the inner peripheral surface of the final model 102B. For example, the irradiation axis of the cutting beam irradiation unit 5 may be arranged so as to obliquely intersect the surface 101T of the powder material 101 (or the modeling surface 6b of the table 6).

Further, the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1 of the above embodiment has a melting beam irradiation unit 3 which is a first beam irradiation unit, and a second beam irradiation unit arranged at a position farther from the axis A than the first beam irradiation unit. A cutting beam irradiation unit 4 was provided. Furthermore, the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1A of Modification 1 has a melting beam irradiation unit 3 which is the first beam irradiation unit, and a second beam irradiation unit arranged at a position farther from the axis A than the first beam irradiation unit. A certain cutting beam irradiation unit 4 and a cutting beam irradiation unit 5 as a third beam irradiation unit arranged at a position closer to the axis A than the first beam irradiation unit were provided. For example, the three-dimensional modeling apparatus includes a melting beam irradiation unit that is a first beam irradiation unit, a cutting beam irradiation unit that is a second beam irradiation unit arranged at a position closer to the axis A than the first beam irradiation unit, may be provided. In other words, the three-dimensional modeling apparatus may have a configuration in which the cutting beam irradiation section 4 is omitted from the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 1A shown in FIG. A three-dimensional modeling apparatus having this configuration can finish the inner peripheral surface of the final model. Furthermore, the three-dimensional modeling apparatus can also finish the outer peripheral surface of the final model having a small diameter.

1, 1A, 1B Three-dimensional modeling apparatus 2 Modeling chamber 3, 3B Melting beam irradiation unit (first beam irradiation unit)
3A irradiation axis 3S melting region (first irradiation region)
4, 4B, 4C cutting beam irradiation unit (second beam irradiation unit)
4S cutting area (second irradiation area)
5 Cutting beam irradiation unit (third beam irradiation unit)
5S cutting area (third irradiation area)
6 table (rotary table)
6B table (fixed table)
6a Circumferential edge 6b Modeling surface 7 Lifting device 8 Powder supply device 9 Modeling pump 10 Modeling housing 12 Housing 12a Electron gun chamber 12b First differential exhaust chamber 12c Second differential exhaust chambers 13, 18 Electron guns 13a, 18a Power supply 13b, 18b Cathodes 13c, 18c Anodes 13d, 18d Filaments 14, 16 Vacuum pumps 17, 19 Coil unit 101 Powder material 102A Intermediate molded object (first molded object)
102B final model (second model)
103 melting beam (first energy beam)
104, 104a cutting beam (second energy beam)
105 cutting beam (third energy beam)
101T Surface 102A Intermediate product A Axis A4 Irradiation axis C1 Intermediate product outer peripheral surface C2 Final product outer peripheral surface L Irradiation line T Surface

Claims (5)

a first beam irradiation unit for irradiating the powder material spread evenly in the first irradiation area with a first energy beam to obtain a first modeled object in which the powder material is solidified by the irradiation of the first energy beam;
a second beam irradiation unit that irradiates the first modeled object included in the second irradiation area with a second energy beam, and obtains a second modeled object that is cut out from the first modeled object by the irradiation of the second energy beam; , and
The electron beam diameter of the second energy beam is smaller than the electron beam diameter of the first energy beam,
The first beam irradiation unit obtains the first shaped object including a plurality of layers by repeatedly irradiating the powder material with the first energy beam,
The second beam irradiating section irradiates the first shaped object with the second energy beam to collectively cut at least two or more layers among the plurality of layers, thereby removing the first shaped object from the first shaped object. A three-dimensional modeling apparatus that obtains a second modeled object . further comprising a rotary table on which the powder material is spread and rotated around an axis;
The first beam irradiation unit and the second beam irradiation unit are arranged apart from the rotary table along the direction of the axis,
The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second beam irradiation unit is arranged at a position farther from the axis line than the first beam irradiation unit. further comprising a rotary table on which the powder material is spread and rotated around an axis;
further comprising a third beam irradiation unit that irradiates a third energy beam to the first modeled object included in the third irradiation area;
the third beam irradiation unit is arranged apart from the rotary table along the direction of the axis and is arranged at a position closer to the axis than the first beam irradiation unit;
3. The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an electron beam diameter of said third energy beam is smaller than an electron beam diameter of said first energy beam. further comprising a fixed table on which the powder material is spread and fixed around an axis;
The first beam irradiation unit and the second beam irradiation unit are arranged apart from the fixed table along the direction of the axis,
The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said second beam irradiation units are arranged at positions farther from said axis line than said first beam irradiation units. further comprising a rotary table on which the powder material is spread and rotated around an axis;
The first beam irradiation unit and the second beam irradiation unit are arranged apart from the rotary table along the direction of the axis,
The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second beam irradiation section is arranged closer to the axis than the first beam irradiation section.

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