JP7213068B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to machine tools.

A machine tool such as a machining center is provided with a moving mechanism that relatively moves a main spindle, to which a tool can be attached, and a work supported on a work support base in three mutually orthogonal axial directions (for example, Patent Document 1 reference).

A moving mechanism for such a machine tool includes a nut portion connected to a moving body, and a ball screw screwed into the nut portion. These nut portions and ball screws are subjected to a large load during machining, so maintenance such as periodic replacement is required.

JP 2013-188798 A

In the machine tool disclosed in Patent Document 1, the ball screw is replaced as follows. That is, after removing the nut portion from the nut holding portion provided at the bottom of the support portion (moving body) of the column, the operator pulls out the ball screw backward while lifting the rear end of the ball screw upward to replace it with a new one. Exchange. In this case, since the ball screw is long, it is necessary to pull out the ball screw substantially in the axial direction by the length of the ball screw, and it is necessary to secure a large work space for maintenance.

On the other hand, it is difficult to remove the ball screw to the side of the moving body because the moving body is an obstacle. It is also conceivable to take out the ball screw to the side of the moving body after removing the moving body from the machine tool.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that facilitates maintenance of a ball screw and reduces the work space and the amount of work.

In order to solve the above problems, a machine tool of the present invention includes a moving body, a guide section that guides the linear motion of the moving body, and a support to which the guide section is fixed. Further, the machine tool includes a nut section connected to the moving body, and a ball screw supported by the support body and screwed into the nut section. The guide section has a pair of guide rails provided in parallel. The support has a pair of support portions to which the pair of guide rails are respectively fixed. Between the pair of support portions, a space is formed through which the ball screw can pass when the ball screw is attached or detached, and penetrates the ball screw from the side of the moving body toward the side opposite to the moving body. The ball screw is configured to be attachable and detachable with respect to the support on the side opposite to the moving body.

Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a machine tool that facilitates maintenance of a ball screw and that can reduce the work space and the amount of work.

It is a side view of a machine tool concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of a machine tool. It is a front view of a machine tool. It is a perspective view of the machine tool seen from the front diagonally upward direction. It is a perspective view of the machine tool seen from the rear obliquely upward direction. It is the expansion perspective view which looked at the Y-axis direction movement mechanism from the back diagonally upward direction. It is the expansion perspective view which looked at the Y-axis direction movement mechanism from the diagonally upper front direction. FIG. 10 is a plan view schematically showing a modification of the arrangement form of the guide part with respect to the support; FIG. 11 is a plan view schematically showing another modification of the arrangement form of the guide portion with respect to the support; It is a side view of a machine tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of a machine tool. It is a front view of a machine tool.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate.
In addition, in each figure, the same code|symbol is attached|subjected about a common component and a similar component, and those overlapping description is abbreviate|omitted suitably.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a side view of a machine tool 100 according to the first embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the machine tool 100. FIG. FIG. 3 is a front view of the machine tool 100. FIG. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the left side in FIG. 1 may be called the "front" side, and the opposite side may be called the "rear" side. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the machine tool 100 seen obliquely from the front and above. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the machine tool 100 seen from the rear obliquely upward direction.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, the machine tool 100 is a horizontal machine tool in which the spindle 21 of the spindle device 20 is arranged along the horizontal direction. A machine tool 100 includes a base 10 , a spindle device 20 and a work support device 50 . The base 10 is fixed on the floor.

The spindle device 20 includes a spindle 21 to which a tool T can be attached, a housing 22 arranged radially outside the spindle 21 and rotatably supporting the spindle 21, and a motor 23 rotating the spindle 21. . The machine tool 100 processes a workpiece W using a tool T attached to the tip of a rotating main shaft 21 of a main shaft device 20 . The work support device 50 is attached to a work support base 51 that supports the work W. As shown in FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the base 10 has a mounting table 11 with a flat upper surface. A first spindle support 30 is provided on the rear side of the installation table 11 of the base 10 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction (horizontal direction) with respect to the base 10 by an X-axis direction moving mechanism 31 .

The X-axis movement mechanism 31 includes a guide portion 32 that guides the linear motion of the first spindle support 30 in the X-axis direction, and a support block 33 to which the guide portion 32 is fixed. The guide portion 32 has a pair of guide rails 32a and 32b provided in parallel. A plurality of sliders 37 are installed on the guide rails 32a, 32b so as to be slidable along the guide rails 32a, 32b. The slider 37 is fixed to the bottom surface of the first spindle support 30 . The support block 33 is fixed on the installation table 11 by screwing or the like.

The X-axis movement mechanism 31 includes a nut portion (not shown) connected to the first spindle support base 30, a ball screw 34 screwed to the nut portion, and a motor 35 for rotationally driving the ball screw 34. Prepare. A tip portion of the ball screw 34 on the side opposite to the motor 35 is supported by the installation base 11 via a bearing 36 . The motor 35 is supported by the installation base 11 . The first spindle support 30 is moved along the X-axis direction by being screw fed by forward and reverse rotation of the ball screw 34 by the motor 35 .

A second spindle support 40 to which the spindle device 20 is attached is moved in the Z-axis direction (back and forth direction) with respect to the first spindle support 30 by a Z-axis direction moving mechanism 41 . provided as possible.

The Z-axis movement mechanism 41 includes a guide portion 42 that guides the linear motion of the second spindle support 40 in the Z-axis direction, and a support block 43 to which the guide portion 42 is fixed. The guide portion 42 has a pair of guide rails 42a and 42b provided in parallel. A plurality of sliders 47 are installed on the guide rails 42a, 42b so as to be slidable along the guide rails 42a, 42b. The slider 47 is fixed to the bottom surface of the second spindle support 40 . The support block 43 is fixed to the first spindle support 30 by screwing or the like.

The Z-axis movement mechanism 41 includes a nut portion (not shown) connected to the second spindle support 40, a ball screw 44 (see FIG. 2) screwed to the nut portion, and the ball screw 44 rotating. and a motor 45 for driving. A tip portion of the ball screw 44 opposite to the motor 45 is supported by the support block 43 via a bearing 46 . A motor 45 is supported by the support block 43 . The second spindle support 40 is moved along the Z-axis direction by being screw fed by forward and reverse rotation of the ball screw 44 by the motor 45 .

A work support table 51 is provided on the front side of the installation table 11 of the base 10 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction) with respect to the base 10 by a Y-axis direction moving mechanism 61 . The work support device 50 includes a carriage 52 attached to a work support table 51 and movable in the Y-axis direction, and a holding portion 53 attached to the carriage 52 and holding a work W (see FIG. 1). The holding portion 53 is configured to be rotatable around an axis parallel to the X-axis. A work W to be machined by a tool T (see FIG. 1) is supported on the work support table 51 via a work support device 50 . Here, the work support table 51 corresponds to a moving object that is moved by the Y-axis direction moving mechanism 61 .

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the Y-axis movement mechanism 61 includes a guide portion 62 that guides the linear movement of the work support table 51 in the Y-axis direction, and a support 63 to which the guide portion 62 is fixed. . The support 63 has a facing surface 81 that is perpendicular to the central axis CL (see FIG. 2) of the main shaft 21 and faces in the direction from the distal end to the proximal end of the main shaft 21 . The guide portion 62 is fixed to the facing surface 81 of the support 63 .

The guide portion 62 has a pair of guide rails 62a and 62b provided in parallel. The support 63 has a pair of support portions 64, 65 to which a pair of guide rails 62a, 62b are respectively fixed. A plurality of sliders 67 are installed on the guide rails 62a, 62b so as to be slidable along the guide rails 62a, 62b. The slider 67 is fixed to the bottom surface (front end surface) of the work support table 51 . The support 63 is fixed on the installation table 11 by screwing or the like.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of the Y-axis direction moving mechanism 61 viewed obliquely from above. FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of the Y-axis direction moving mechanism 61 viewed obliquely from above.

As shown in FIG. 6, the Y-axis movement mechanism 61 includes a nut portion 68 (see FIG. 7) connected to the work support base 51, a ball screw 66 (see FIG. 7) screwed into the nut portion 68, and a motor 69 that drives the ball screw 66 to rotate.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the nut portion 68 is connected to a nut holding portion 51 a provided on the work support base 51 by a screw member 78 . The nut holding portion 51a has a holding hole 51b into which the trunk portion of the nut portion 68 is fitted, and a slit 51c is formed in the front portion of the holding hole 51b. The width of the slit 51 c is set smaller than the outer diameter of the body of the nut portion 68 and larger than the outer diameter of the ball screw 66 . Therefore, after moving the nut portion 68 in the axial direction and pulling it out from the holding hole 51b, the ball screw 66 can be moved forward through the slit 51c and removed from the nut holding portion 51a.

The ball screw 66 is arranged along the Y-axis direction (vertical direction). A tip portion of the ball screw 66 opposite to the motor 69 is supported by the support 63 via a bearing 70 . The work support table 51 is moved along the Y-axis direction by being fed by forward and reverse rotation of the ball screw 66 by the motor 69 .

A base end portion of the ball screw 66 on the motor 69 side is connected to a rotating shaft (not shown) of the motor 69 via a coupling 74 . The coupling 74 is arranged inside the cylindrical body 71 . The base end side of the ball screw 66 is supported by the support 63 via a cylindrical body 71 and a bearing 72 installed in the cylindrical body 71 . The motor 69 is fixed to the cylindrical body 71 by a screw member 75 . A pair of wing portions 73 are protruded radially outward of the cylinder 71 , and the pair of wing portions 73 of the cylinder 71 are fixed to the support 63 by screw members 76 . That is, the motor 69 and the cylinder 71 are attached to the support 63 by being screwed from the front.

In this embodiment, a space 77 through which the ball screw 66 can pass when the ball screw 66 is attached or detached is formed between the pair of support portions 64 and 65 . That is, the ball screw 66 is detachably attached to the support 63 on the opposite side of the work support 51 .

When the operation of the machine tool 100 is started, the work W is machined by the tool T attached to the tip of the rotating main shaft 21 of the main shaft device 20 . Here, the workpiece W is machined into a desired shape by relatively moving the spindle device 20 and the workpiece W in three axial directions orthogonal to each other.

Next, maintenance of the ball screw 66 of the Y-axis movement mechanism 61 will be described.
Since the nut portion 68 and the ball screw 66 of the Y-axis direction moving mechanism 61 are subjected to a large load during machining, maintenance such as replacement is performed periodically.

Replacement of the ball screw 66 is performed, for example, as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, first, by removing the screw member 78, the connection between the nut portion 68 and the work support base 51 is released. Subsequently, by removing the screw member 76, the connection between the motor 69 and the cylindrical body 71 and the support body 63 is released. Then, after the ball screw 66 connected to the rotating shaft of the motor 69 is moved slightly upward and pulled out from the bearing 70, it is pulled out from the bearing 70 in the direction indicated by the arrow 79, i. ). The ball screw 66 may be separated from the motor 69 and the cylindrical body 71 before the ball screw 66 is taken out.

As described above, the machine tool 100 of this embodiment includes the work support base 51 as a moving body, the guide section 62 that guides the linear motion of the work support base 51, and the support body 63 to which the guide section 62 is fixed. I have. The machine tool 100 also includes a nut portion 68 connected to the work support base 51 , and a ball screw 66 supported by the support 63 and screwed into the nut portion 68 . The ball screw 66 is detachably attached to the support 63 on the opposite side of the work support 51 .

With such a configuration, maintenance work such as replacement of the ball screw 66 can be performed on the opposite side of the support 63 from the work support 51, so that the work support 51 does not interfere with the work. becomes easier. Moreover, since it is not necessary to pull out the ball screw 66 substantially in the axial direction by the length of the ball screw 66 during maintenance of the ball screw 66, the work space can be reduced. Moreover, since it is not necessary to remove the work support base 51 from the machine tool 100 when performing maintenance on the ball screw 66, the amount of work required is reduced.
That is, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide the machine tool 100 that facilitates maintenance of the ball screw 66 and reduces the work space and the amount of work.

In this embodiment, the support 63 has a facing surface 81 that is perpendicular to the central axis CL of the main shaft 21 and faces in the direction from the distal end to the proximal end of the main shaft 21 . is fixed to the facing surface 81 of the . With such a configuration, the ball screw 66 can be pulled out from the support 63 in the direction from the proximal end to the distal end of the main shaft 21 . Also, the ball screw 66 can be attached to the support 63 in the direction from the distal end to the proximal end of the main shaft 21 .

Note that the guide portion 62 may be fixed to a surface other than the facing surface 81 of the support 63 .
FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing a modification of the arrangement form of the guide portion 62 with respect to the support 63. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, in this modification, the support 63 has a back surface 82 that is perpendicular to the central axis CL of the main shaft 21 and faces in the direction from the base end to the front end of the main shaft 21. , is fixed to the rear surface 82 of the support 63 . With such a configuration, the ball screw 66 can be extracted from the support 63 in the direction from the distal end to the proximal end of the main shaft 21 . Also, the ball screw 66 can be attached to the support 63 in the direction from the proximal end to the distal end of the main shaft 21 .

FIG. 9 is a plan view schematically showing another modification of the arrangement form of the guide portion 62 with respect to the support 63. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 9 , in this modification, the support 63 has a side surface 83 parallel to the central axis CL of the main shaft 21 , and the guide portion 62 is fixed to the side surface 83 of the support 63 . With such a configuration, the ball screw 66 can be pulled out from the support 63 in a direction perpendicular to the central axis CL of the main shaft 21 . Also, the ball screw 66 can be attached to the support 63 in a direction perpendicular to the central axis CL of the main shaft 21 .

Moreover, in this embodiment, the ball screw 66 is arranged along the vertical direction. With such a configuration, it is not necessary to pull out the length of the ball screw 66 upward in the substantially axial direction of the ball screw 66 during maintenance of the ball screw 66 . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the ball screw 66 from interfering with other devices such as a work transfer device that are often arranged above the machine tool 100 . Therefore, the degree of freedom in layout is improved when the machine tool 100 is installed in the factory.

In this embodiment, the guide portion 62 has a pair of guide rails 62a and 62b provided in parallel, and the support 63 has a pair of support portions 64 to which the pair of guide rails 62a and 62b are respectively fixed. , 65. A space 77 through which the ball screw 66 can pass when the ball screw 66 is attached or detached is formed between the pair of support portions 64 and 65 . With such a configuration, while the linear motion of the work support base 51 is reliably guided by the pair of guide rails 62a and 62b, the ball screw 66 can be taken out and installed in a compact manner by passing between the pair of support portions 64 and 65. You can do it in configuration.

FIG. 10 is a side view of a machine tool 100a according to the second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 11 is a plan view of the machine tool 100a. FIG. 12 is a front view of the machine tool 100a. Hereinafter, the points different from the above-described first embodiment will be mainly described, and the description of the common points will be omitted.
For convenience of explanation, the support base 40a and the spindle device 20 are omitted in FIG. 11, and the motor 45 is omitted in FIG.

In the first embodiment described above, the ball screw 66 which is detachably attached to the support 63 on the opposite side of the work support 51 as a moving body is used in the Y-axis direction movement mechanism 61 . On the other hand, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, the ball screw 44 is configured to be detachable on the side opposite to the support base 40a as a moving body with respect to the support 43a. It is used in the Z-axis direction moving mechanism 41a.

The Z-axis movement mechanism 41a includes a nut portion 48 connected to the nut holding portion 40b of the support base 40a, a ball screw 44 screwed onto the nut portion 48, and a motor 45 that drives the ball screw 44 to rotate. Here, for example, the spindle device 20 is attached to the support base 40a, but the present invention is not limited to this. A workpiece support device 50 may be attached to the support table 40a. The nut portion 48 is connected to the support base 40a by screwing. The ball screw 44 is arranged along the Z-axis direction (front-rear direction). A tip portion of the ball screw 44 opposite to the motor 45 is supported by a support 43a via a bearing 46. As shown in FIG. The support base 40a is moved along the Z-axis direction by being fed by forward and reverse rotation of the ball screw 44 by the motor 45. As shown in FIG.

A base end portion of the ball screw 44 on the motor 45 side is connected to a rotation shaft 45a of the motor 45 via a coupling 74a. The coupling 74a is arranged inside the cylindrical body 71a. The base end side of the ball screw 44 is supported by a support 43a via a cylindrical body 71a and a bearing 72a installed in the cylindrical body 71a. The motor 45 is fixed to the cylindrical body 71a by a screw member 75a. A pair of wings 73a (see FIG. 12) protrude from the cylindrical body 71a in the radial direction, and the pair of wings 73a of the cylindrical body 71a are fixed to the support 43a by screw members 76a. . That is, the motor 45 and the cylindrical body 71a are attached to the support body 43a by being screwed from below.

In the second embodiment, a space 77a through which the ball screw 44 can pass when the ball screw 44 is attached or detached is formed under the support 43a. That is, the ball screw 44 is detachably attached to the support 43a on the side opposite to the support base 40a.

Like the first embodiment, the second embodiment also provides a machine tool 100a that facilitates maintenance of the ball screw 44 and reduces the work space and the amount of work. can.

Although the present invention has been described above based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the configurations described in the above embodiments. The configuration of the present invention can be changed as appropriate without departing from the gist of the invention, including appropriate combinations or selections of the configurations described in the above embodiments. In addition, addition, deletion, and replacement can be made for a part of the configuration of the above embodiment.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the ball screw configured to be detachable on the side opposite to the moving body is used for the Y-axis direction moving mechanism 61 and the Z-axis direction moving mechanism 41a has been described. The invention is not limited to these. The present invention can also be applied when a detachable ball screw is used in the X-axis movement mechanism on the side opposite to the moving body.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the horizontal machine tool 100 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention can also be applied to various machine tools such as vertical machine tools.

21 spindle 51 work support (moving body)
62 Guide part 62a, 62b Guide rail 63 Support body 64 Support part 65 Support part 66 Ball screw 68 Nut part 77 Space 81 Opposing surface 82 Back surface 83 Side surface 40a Support stand (moving body)
42 guide part 43a support body 44 ball screw 48 nut part 77a space 100, 100a machine tool CL central axis T tool W work

Claims (5)

a mobile object;
a guide section that guides the linear motion of the moving body;
a support to which the guide portion is fixed;
a nut portion connected to the moving body;
a ball screw supported by the support and screwed to the nut,
The guide part has a pair of guide rails provided in parallel,
The support has a pair of support portions to which the pair of guide rails are respectively fixed,
A space is formed between the pair of support portions, through which the ball screw can pass when the ball screw is attached or detached, and penetrates the ball screw from the side of the moving body toward the side opposite to the moving body,
A machine tool, wherein the ball screw is detachably attached to the support on the side opposite to the moving body. Equipped with a spindle on which a tool can be attached at the tip,
the moving body is a work support that supports a work to be machined by the tool;
the support has an opposing surface that is perpendicular to the central axis of the main shaft and faces in a direction from the distal end to the proximal end of the main shaft;
2. A machine tool according to claim 1, wherein said guide portion is fixed to said facing surface of said support. Equipped with a spindle on which a tool can be attached at the tip,
the moving body is a work support that supports a work to be machined by the tool;
the support has a back surface that is perpendicular to the central axis of the main shaft and faces in a direction from the proximal end to the distal end of the main shaft;
2. A machine tool according to claim 1, wherein said guide portion is fixed to said back surface of said support. Equipped with a spindle on which a tool can be attached at the tip,
the moving body is a work support that supports a work to be machined by the tool;
The support has a side surface parallel to the central axis of the main shaft,
2. A machine tool according to claim 1, wherein said guide portion is fixed to said side surface of said support. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ball screw is arranged along the vertical direction.

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