JP5008715B2 - Machining center - Google Patents

Description

    The present invention relates to a vertical machining center that suppresses the occupied width in the left-right direction (X-axis direction).

    The vertical machining center positions and fixes the workpiece on the table and attaches a tool to the lower end of the vertical spindle. When machining the workpiece, the workpiece and the tool are relative to each other in three dimensions (three axes). Move. That is, the workpiece is machined by moving the tool relative to the workpiece in the X-axis direction (left-right direction), Y-axis direction (front-back direction), and Z-axis direction (up-down direction).

    Of the relative movements in the three-axis directions described above, as for the relative movement in the X-axis direction, it is common to move the table without moving the tool (spindle) (for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2000-158217 A

    However, it is difficult for the table moving in the X-axis direction to reduce the occupied width (dimension in the left-right direction) of the entire machining center in the X-axis direction (left-right direction). There was a problem that it was difficult to configure.

    With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B, for example, the hole H1 is machined in the vicinity of the left end of the workpiece A whose width in the X-axis direction is the maximum machinable width Wmax. A case where the hole H2 is machined near the right end will be described as an example.

    First, the workpiece A is positioned and fixed on the table 100. As shown in (a), the table 100 is moved in the positive direction of the X axis so that the part to be machined of the workpiece A is positioned below the tool 102 attached to the tip (lower end) of the main shaft 101. To do. Then, the main shaft 101 is moved in the negative direction of the Z axis to form the hole H1. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5B, the table 100 is moved in the negative direction of the X-axis so that the part to be machined next to the workpiece A is positioned below the tool 102. Then, the main shaft 101 is moved in the negative direction of the Z axis to form the hole H2.

    When machining the above-described hole H1, as shown in (a), almost the entire workpiece A is positioned to the right of the spindle 101, while the above-mentioned hole H2 is machined. As shown in (b), almost the entire workpiece A is located on the left side with respect to the main shaft 101. That is, the workpiece A moves along the X-axis direction within a range that is approximately twice the maximum machining width Wmax. For this reason, the occupation width in the X-axis direction of the entire machining center is required by at least 2 Wmax, and cannot be made narrower than this. For this reason, for example, when a plurality of machining centers are arranged side by side along the X-axis direction, the occupied width in the X-axis direction becomes wide as a whole.

    Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a machining center in which the occupation width in the X-axis direction is shortened, and a plurality of (for example, three or more) machining centers in the X-axis direction in which the occupation width in the X-axis direction is further reduced. The object is to solve problems associated with arranging them side by side (for example, problems related to maintenance, tool replacement, chip disposal, etc.).

The invention of claim 1 is a vertical machining center for machining a workpiece mounted on a table.
It has a tool attachment part at the tip, has a main shaft that can move in the Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction with respect to the main body of the device, but cannot move in the X-axis direction,
The main axis moves only on a single YZ plane defined by the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction along which the rotation center axis of the main axis moves,
A turntable having a horizontal workpiece mounting surface that rotates only in the C-axis direction and disposed on the front side of the apparatus body;
An automatic tool changer disposed behind the turntable on the device main body side and having a tool change position on the single YZ plane,
The apparatus main body includes a head that supports the main shaft, a column that supports the head, and a base that supports the column.
The base is formed in a gate shape and has a space penetrating in the Y-axis direction,
The automatic tool changer is disposed in the space;
The column is supported on the upper part of the base so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction through a pair of guide rails formed on the upper part of the base.
Said pair of guide rails, in the vicinity of both ends in the X-axis direction of the base, are laid toward the Y-axis direction,
On top of the base, is disposed in the Y-axis direction on the single Y-Z plane, that is movable said column in the Y axis direction via a supported nut on the lower surface of the column And a Y-axis ball screw held by a support portion formed substantially at the center in the X-axis direction at the upper part of the base ,
The turntable is disposed below the Y-axis ball screw in the Z-axis direction,
The head is supported on the column so as to be movable in front of the Y-axis direction of the Y-axis ball screw in the Z-axis direction so that the workpiece on the workpiece mounting surface can be processed.
In the automatic tool changer, a disk-shaped tool magazine is rotatably arranged, and a tool holding part is formed in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the tool magazine.
Both the rotation center axis of the rotation axis and the axis of rotation of the turntable the tool magazine of the spindle is parallel to the Z axis, the tool changing position with their rotation center axis are both of the single Arranged on the YZ plane,
Based on the rotation of the turntable in the C-axis direction and the movement of the rotation center axis of the main shaft on the single YZ plane in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, And a relative movement in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction on the single YZ plane between the rotation center axis of the main shaft and the rotation center axis of the tool magazine, Tool exchange is performed between the spindle and the automatic tool changer.
It is configured as a feature.

In the invention of claim 2, the screw shaft of the Y-axis ball screw is supported via support portions formed on the front side and the rear end of the base upper portion,
At the rear end of the screw shaft, a Y-axis servo motor is connected to the rear of the support formed at the rear end of the upper part of the base so as to protrude rearward from the support.
It is configured as a feature.
The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that the automatic tool changer (13) is configured to be movable in the Y-axis direction.

Invention of Claim 4 has a slide base (71) which moves the said turntable (12) to a Y-axis direction,
It is configured as a feature.

In the invention of claim 5, the tool magazine is formed so that its diameter is substantially the same as the occupied width of the base in the X-axis direction.
It is configured as a feature.

    According to the invention of claim 1, the workpiece mounting surface (52) of the turntable (12) is obtained by a combination of rotation of the turntable (12) in the C-axis direction and movement of the main shaft (11) in the Y-axis direction. ) In the C-axis direction and the vertical main shaft (11) is moved in the Y-axis direction, so that the workpiece mounting surface is directly below the tool mounting portion (51) at the tip (lower end) of the main shaft (11). (52) Any point on the top can be positioned. Therefore, when the workpiece (W) is attached to the workpiece attachment surface (52) of the turntable (12) and the tool is attached to the tool attachment portion (51) of the spindle (11), the workpiece (W) Any point on the top surface of the tool can be positioned directly below the tool. In this state, by lowering the main shaft (11) in the Z-axis direction while rotating the main shaft (11), an arbitrary position on the upper surface of the workpiece (W) can be machined with a tool.

    Thus, the arbitrary position on the upper surface of the workpiece (W) is positioned directly below the tool by rotating the turntable (12) in the C-axis direction and moving the main shaft (11) on the YZ plane. And since it can process, compared with the case where it processes by moving a table to an X-axis direction, the occupation width of the X-axis direction (left-right direction) of an apparatus main body (10) can be narrowed.

    In addition, since the turntable (12) is disposed on the front side of the apparatus main body (10) and the automatic tool changer (13) is disposed behind the turntable (12), the X-axis is also obtained as a whole of the machining center (1). The occupied width in the direction (left-right direction) can be narrowed.

    Furthermore, since the spindle (11) and the automatic tool changer (13) are relatively moved in the YZ plane, that is, both of them can be exchanged without moving in the X-axis direction. This also helps to narrow the occupied width of the machining center (1) in the X-axis direction.

According to the invention of claim 3 , since the automatic tool changer (13) is movable in the Y-axis direction, when exchanging tools between the spindle (11) and the automatic tool changer (13), Y By moving both in the direction of approaching each other along the axial direction, the tool change time can be shortened compared to the case of moving either one.

According to the invention of claim 4 , by a combination of rotation of the turntable in the C-axis direction and relative movement in the Y-axis direction with respect to the main axis of the slide base, that is, the work mounting surface of the turntable is rotated in the C-axis direction. In addition, by moving the workpiece mounting surface in the Y-axis direction by relative movement of the slide base with respect to the main shaft, an arbitrary point on the workpiece mounting surface is positioned immediately below the tool mounting portion at the tip (lower end) of the main shaft. be able to. Therefore, when a workpiece is attached to the workpiece attachment surface of the turntable and a tool is attached to the tool attachment portion of the spindle, any point on the upper surface of the workpiece can be positioned immediately below the tool. In this state, by lowering in the Z-axis direction while rotating the main shaft, any position on the upper surface of the workpiece can be machined by the tool.

    In this way, any position on the upper surface of the workpiece can be positioned directly under the tool and processed by rotating in the C-axis direction of the turntable and relative movement in the Y-axis direction with respect to the main axis of the slide base. Compared to processing by moving the table in the X-axis direction, the occupation width of the apparatus main body in the X-axis direction (left-right direction) can be reduced.

    Note that the numbers in parentheses are for the convenience of showing corresponding elements in the drawings, and therefore the present description is not limited to the descriptions on the drawings.

    Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, what attached | subjected the same code | symbol in each drawing has the same structure or effect | action, The duplication description about these was abbreviate | omitted suitably.

<Embodiment 1>
1 and 2 show a machining center 1 according to Embodiment 1 as an example of a machining center according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the machining center 1 cut along the YZ plane as viewed from the right side, and FIG. 2 shows a top view of the apparatus main body 11 and the turntable 12 of the machining center 1. However, in FIG. 2, illustration of the column 17, the Z-axis ball screw 43, the Z-axis servomotor 48, and the like is omitted for convenience of explanation.

    In the following description, the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis of the machining center 1 are determined as follows according to the general definition of a vertical machining center. 2 is the “X-axis direction (left-right direction)” in the machining center 1, and the left-right direction in FIGS. 1 and 2 is “Y-axis direction (front-back direction)” in the machining center 1, and further in FIG. The vertical direction is referred to as “Z-axis direction (vertical direction)” in the machining center 1. Also, the positive and negative directions of the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis are as shown in the figure. Furthermore, for convenience of explanation, the origins of the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis are set to the rotation center O of the workpiece mounting surface 52 of the turntable 12 described later.

    As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the machining center 1 includes a main shaft 11 constituting a part of the apparatus main body 10, a turntable 12 disposed on the front side of the apparatus main body 10, and a rear side of the turntable 12. An automatic tool changer (ATC) 13, a separation-type control panel 14 disposed further rearward of the ATC 13, and a retractable operation panel 15 disposed on the front side of the apparatus main body 10 are provided. Hereinafter, the apparatus main body 10 will be described in order.

    The apparatus main body 10 includes a base 16 serving as a basis for installing the entire apparatus main body 10 on the floor F, a column 17 supported by the base 16 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction, and the column 17 moving in the Z-axis direction. A head 18 that can be supported and a main shaft 11 that is rotatably supported by the head 18 are provided as main components.

    Among these, as shown in FIG. 2, the base 16 has a pair of guide rails 20 and 21 formed thereon. The guide rails 20 and 21 are laid in the Y-axis direction near the left end portion (near the upper end portion in FIG. 2) and near the right end portion (near the lower end portion in FIG. 2) in the upper portion of the base 16. . The guide rails 20 and 21 are formed, for example, by combining two inclined surfaces so that the cross-sectional shape in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction is a convex unequal triangle.

    These guide rails 20 and 21 serve as guide surfaces for guiding a column 17 described later in the Y-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 1, support portions 22 and 23 are formed on the front side and the rear end in the Y-axis direction at approximately the center in the X-axis direction at the top of the base 16. These support portions 22 and 23 are support portions for directly holding a screw shaft 32 of a Y-axis ball screw 31 for moving a later-described column 17 in the Y-axis direction. The base 16 is formed in a substantially gate shape when viewed from the front, and a space S penetrating in the Y-axis direction is formed. In this space S, an ATC 13 described later and a chip conveying device 60 are arranged.

    The column 17 is placed on the guide surfaces of the guide rails 20 and 21 of the base 16 described above, and is movable along the guide rails 20 and 21 in the Y-axis direction. A support portion 24 is formed on the lower surface of the column 17 on the rear side in the approximate center in the X-axis direction. The support portion 24 is disposed in front of the support portion 23 on the rear side of the base 16 side. The support portion 24 is for supporting a nut 33 of a Y-axis ball screw 31 described later. A support portion 24 shown by a two-dot chain line immediately behind the front support portion 22 on the base 16 side indicates the position of the support portion 24 when the column 17 is moved forward.

    As shown in FIG. 2, a pair of guide rails 26 and 27 are formed at the front end of the column 17. The guide rails 26 and 27 are laid in the Z-axis direction near the left end (near the upper end in FIG. 2) and near the right end (near the lower end in FIG. 2) at the front end of the column 17. ing. These guide rails 26 and 27 are for guiding the movement of the head 18 described later in the Z-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 1, support portions 28 and 30 are formed on the upper side and the lower side at substantially the center in the X-axis direction at the front end of the column 17. These support portions 28 and 30 are support portions for directly holding a screw shaft 44 of a Z-axis ball screw 43 for moving a later-described head 18 in the Z-axis direction.

    A Y-axis ball screw 31 is interposed between the column 17 and the base 16 described above. The Y-axis ball screw 31 includes a screw shaft 32, a nut 33, and a large number of balls (not shown) interposed therebetween. Among these, the screw shaft 32 is arranged toward the Y-axis direction. More specifically, they are arranged on the YZ plane and parallel to the Y axis. The screw shaft 32 has a front end side rotatably supported by a support portion 22 on the front side of the base 16 via a bearing, and a rear end side rotated by a support portion 23 on the rear side of the base 16 via a bearing. It is supported freely. An output shaft 37 of a Y-axis servomotor 36 is connected to a rear end of the screw shaft 32, that is, a portion protruding rearward from the support portion 23 via a coupling 35. The nut 33 is fixed to the support portion 24 of the column 17 and is screwed to the screw shaft 32 with respect to the screw shaft 32. The nut 33 is a double nut and is configured to remove backlash.

    In the Y-axis ball screw 31 configured as described above, the screw shaft 32 is rotated forward via the coupling 35 by the normal rotation of the Y-axis servo motor 36, and the nut 33 screwed into the screw shaft 32 is moved in the Y-axis direction. Move in the positive direction (backward). As a result, the column 17 integrated with the nut 33 moves rearward. On the other hand, the screw shaft 32 is reversely rotated through the coupling 35 by the reverse rotation of the Y-axis servomotor 36, and the nut 33 is moved in the negative direction (forward) in the Y-axis direction. As a result, the column 17 integrated with the nut 33 moves forward. At this time, the movement of the column 17 in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction) is accurately performed by being guided by the guide rails 20 and 21 of the base 16 described above. Further, the position of the column 17 in the Y-axis direction is accurately controlled by controlling the rotation angle of the Y-axis servomotor 36.

    The head 18 is movable in the Z-axis direction along the guide rails 26 and 27 of the column 17 described above. The rear surface of the head 18 is slid along the guide rails 26 and 27 in the vicinity of the left end in the X-axis direction (near the upper end in FIG. 2) and in the vicinity of the right end (near the lower end in FIG. 2). Moving guide portions 38 and 40 are formed. A support portion 41 is formed on the rear surface of the head 18 on the upper side in the approximate center in the X-axis direction. The support portion 41 is disposed below the support portion 28 on the upper side of the column 17 described above. The support portion 41 is for supporting a nut 45 of a later-described Z-axis ball screw 43. A support portion 41 shown by a two-dot chain line just above the lower support portion 30 on the column 17 side indicates the position of the support portion 41 when the head 18 is moved downward.

    A Z-axis ball screw 43 is interposed between the head 18 and the column 17 described above. The Z-axis ball screw 43 includes a screw shaft 44, a nut 45, and a large number of balls (not shown) interposed therebetween. Among these, the screw shaft 44 is disposed in the Z-axis direction. More specifically, they are arranged on the YZ plane and parallel to the Z axis. The upper end side of the screw shaft 44 is rotatably supported via a bearing by the upper support portion 28 of the column 17 described above, and the lower end side thereof is freely rotatable via a bearing by the lower support portion 30 of the column 17. It is supported by. An output shaft 50 of a Z-axis servomotor 48 is connected to an upper end of the screw shaft 44, that is, a portion protruding upward from the support portion 28 in the screw shaft 44 through a coupling 47. The nut 45 is fixed to the support portion 41 of the head 18 and is screwed to the screw shaft 44 with respect to the screw shaft 44.

    In the Z-axis ball screw 43 configured as described above, the screw shaft 44 is rotated forward via the coupling 47 by the normal rotation of the Z-axis servo motor 48, and the nut 45 screwed to the screw shaft 44 is moved in the Z-axis direction. Move in the positive direction (upward). As a result, the head 18 integrated with the nut 45 moves upward. On the other hand, the screw shaft 44 is reversely rotated through the coupling 47 by the reverse rotation of the Z-axis servomotor 48, and the nut 45 is moved in the negative direction (downward) in the Z-axis direction. Thereby, the head 18 integrated with the nut 45 is moved downward. At this time, the movement of the head 18 in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction) is accurately performed by being guided by the guide rails 26 and 27 of the column 17 described above. Further, the position of the head 18 in the Z-axis direction is accurately controlled by controlling the rotation angle of the Z-axis servomotor 48.

    The main shaft 11 has a rotation center (vertical rotation center) oriented in the Z-axis direction, and is rotatably supported by the head 18 described above. The main shaft 11 has a tool mounting portion 51 at a lower end portion that is a tip, and is driven to rotate in forward and reverse directions by a main shaft motor (not shown).

    As described above, the apparatus main body 10 includes the base 16, the column 17, the head 18, the main shaft 11, and the like. The column 17 moves in the Y-axis direction with respect to the base 16 via the Y-axis ball screw 31 by the rotation of the Y-axis servomotor 36. The head 18 moves in the Z-axis direction with respect to the column 17 via the Z-axis ball screw 43 by the rotation of the Z-axis servo motor 48. Therefore, the main shaft 11 rotatably supported by the head 18 and the tool mounted on the tool mounting portion 51 at the lower end thereof are moved in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by the rotation of the Y-axis servo motor 36 and the Z-axis servo motor 48. It is configured to be able to. That is, the main shaft 11 and the tool can move on the YZ plane by the rotation of the Y-axis / Z-axis servomotors 36 and 48.

    As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the turntable 12 is disposed on the front side of the apparatus main body 10. In this embodiment, the turntable 12 is formed so as to be square when viewed from above, and has a workpiece attachment surface 52 on the upper surface. The turntable 12 is driven to rotate about a rotation center O in a C-axis (rotation control axis centered on the Z axis) direction by a motor (not shown). The rotation center O is the origin of the X, Y, and Z axes as described above. In the present embodiment, the turntable 12 does not rotate in the direction of the A axis (rotation control axis centered on the X axis) and the direction of the B axis (rotation control axis centered on the Y axis). It is configured not to move in any of the axis, Y axis, and Z axis directions. The turntable 12 is not necessarily limited to the Y-axis direction and the Y-axis direction when only considering the main point of the present invention, that is, the main point of reducing the occupation width of the machining center 1 in the X-axis direction (left-right direction). It does not prohibit movement in the Z-axis direction. However, from the viewpoint of simplifying the configuration, only rotation in the C-axis direction is sufficient.

    An ATC (automatic tool changer) 13 is disposed in the space S of the base 16 at the rear of the turntable 12. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the ATC 13 includes a horizontal disk-shaped tool magazine 53 and a servo motor 54 that rotationally drives the tool magazine 53. Of these, as shown in FIG. 2, the tool magazine 53 has a number of tool holding portions 55 formed at positions that equally divide the vicinity of the outer periphery in the circumferential direction. The tool magazine 53 is formed so that its diameter is substantially the same as the occupied width of the apparatus main body 10 (or the base 16) in the X-axis direction. As a result, the ATC secures as many tool holding portions 55 as possible without protruding from the apparatus main body 10 in the left-right direction.

    The servo motor 54 is arranged so as to suspend the rotation center of the tool magazine 53 described above, and directly rotates the tool magazine 53 and controls the rotation angle thereof. The tool magazine 53 and the servo motor 54 are both arranged so that the center of rotation is vertical (parallel to the Z axis) and located on the YZ plane. The entire ATC 13 is configured to be movable in the Y-axis direction by a moving mechanism (not shown). That is, the tool holder 55 is moved to the tool change position (ATC point) P from the retracted position shown in FIG. 1 in the direction of the arrow K (the negative direction in the Y-axis direction). It returns to the retracted position from the point P. Thus, the ATC 13 is configured to be movable in the Y-axis direction, so that the tool change time can be reduced compared to the case where the ATC 13 cannot move in the Y-axis direction and only the main shaft 11 can move in the Y-axis direction. It can be shortened.

    The separation type control panel 14 is arranged further rearward of the ATC 13 described above. The separation-type control panel 14 is separated (independently) from the apparatus main body 10 described above. The separation type control panel 14 houses a control panel for controlling the operations of the Y-axis servo motor 36, the Z-axis servo motor 48, the main shaft motor, the motor for driving the turntable 12, and the like. The separable control panel 14 is movable from a predetermined position shown in FIG. 1 to a retreat position (not shown) further rearward (positive direction in the Y-axis direction).

    The separable control panel 14 and the apparatus main body 10 are connected by an on-machine duct 56. A cable or the like for electrically connecting the separable control panel 14 and the apparatus main body 10 is wired in the onboard duct 56. The horizontal portion 57 of the on-machine duct 56 passes through a position higher than the worker M so as not to interfere with the worker M in the work space R described later, and further, The part is configured to be extendable (not shown) corresponding to the fact that the separation control panel 14 can be retracted backward. When the separation type control panel 14 is disposed at the retracted position, a work space R is formed between the separation type control panel 14 and the apparatus main body 10.

    The operation panel 15 is electrically connected to the above-described separation type control panel 14 via a cable disposed in the above-described on-machine duct 56. The operation panel 15 is disposed on the front surface of a cover 58 that covers the processing space N formed above the turntable 12 in a box shape. The lower part of the front surface of the cover 58 is provided with an open / close door (not shown) for attaching a workpiece on the turntable 12 and removing the processed workpiece. The operation panel 15 extends in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction) between an operation position when the operator M operates (dotted line in FIG. 1) and a retracted position (solid line in FIG. 1) above the operation position. It is movable. When the operation panel 15 is disposed at the retracted position, the worker M does not get in the way when the workpiece is attached to and detached from the turntable 12.

    The above-described machining center 1 is further provided with a chip conveying device 60 for discharging chips generated by machining the workpiece. As shown in FIG. 1, the chip conveying device 60 extends from the lower side of the above-described turntable 12 to the rear side of the device body 10 via the lower side of the ATC 13. The chip conveying device 60 is configured by, for example, a conveyor, and chips generated on the turntable 12 by processing are set between the ATC 13 and the separation control panel 14 via the lower side of the ATC 13. It is transported to the collection point 61 that is present. The transported chips fall and are collected in the bucket 62 disposed at the collection point 61, that is, the bucket 62 whose upper surface is opened as a charging port. The bucket 62 from which the chips have been collected can be taken out from the rear of the machining center 1 (back side: right side in FIG. 1) by moving the above-described separable control panel 14 to the retracted position.

    As shown in FIG. 2, the machining center 1 described above includes an apparatus main body 10 having a main shaft 11 and all other components, that is, a turntable 12, an ATC 13, a separation control panel 14, an operation panel 15, and a chip conveyance. The apparatus 60 is configured so as to be located within or inside the occupied width of the apparatus main body 10 in the X-axis direction (left-right direction), that is, within the occupied width of the apparatus main body 10 in the X-axis direction. .

    Next, the operation of the machining center 1 configured as described above will be described.

    In the machining center 1, the main shaft 11 is moved in the Y-axis direction of the column 17 with respect to the base 16 and the movement of the head 18 in the Z-axis direction with respect to the column 17 during machining of the workpiece. It can move within the area surrounded by a, b, c, and d. Among these, in the Y-axis direction, a little before (b, c) from the rotation center O of the turntable 12 (the origins of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis) and further behind the rear end of the turntable 12 (a , D). Therefore, in principle, a workpiece having a dimension about twice the distance from the rotation center O to d along the Y-axis direction can be machined. The spindle 11 can be moved to positions e, f, and g in FIG. 1 when changing the tool.

    Further description will be given with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG. This figure shows an example in which holes H3, H4, H5, and H6 are formed at four corners of a workpiece W having the same shape as that of the turntable 12 in a top view, that is, a square workpiece W. By rotating the turntable 12 in the C-axis direction, any of the holes H3 to H6 can be moved on the Y-axis in the figure and to the movement range c (b) to d (a) of the main shaft 11. . As described above, the holes H3 to H6 are all arranged in the movement ranges c to d that are the workable range of the main shaft 11 by the rotation of the turntable 12 in the C-axis direction and the movement of the main shaft 11 in the Y-axis direction. Further, the holes H3 to H6 can be machined by moving the main shaft 11 in the Z-axis direction.

    Similarly, any part of the workpiece W can be machined by the spindle 11. In the example shown in FIG. 3, in principle, it is sufficient that the occupied width of the machining center 1 in the X-axis direction (left-right direction) is the length of the diagonal line of the square turntable 12. On the other hand, as described in the prior art, the machining center that moves the table in the X-axis direction requires an occupied width in the X-axis direction that is approximately twice the length of one side of the turntable 12. .

    As described above, according to the machining center 1 according to the first embodiment, the main shaft 11 is moved in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, while the turntable 12 is rotated in the C-axis direction, thereby A machining center 1 with a narrow occupation width can be constructed.

    Therefore, when a plurality (for example, three or more) of the machining centers 1 are installed side by side in the left-right direction (X-axis direction), the occupation width in the X-axis direction (left-right direction) as a whole can be shortened.

    By the way, when three or more machining centers 1 are arranged in the left-right direction, the maintenance of the apparatus main body 10 and the tool of the ATC 13 are used for the other machining centers 1 arranged in the middle part excluding the two machines arranged at both ends. Manual tool change and chip disposal for the magazine 53 cannot be performed from the side surface (left side or right side) of the apparatus body 10.

    Therefore, in the present embodiment, as described above, the control panel is configured as a separate control panel 14 independent of the apparatus main body 10 and can be retracted rearward. When the control panel is retracted rearward, A working space R is formed between the control panel 14 and the separation type control panel 14. Accordingly, the maintenance of the apparatus main body 10 described above, the manual tool change of the ATC 13, the processing of chips, etc. can be performed while ensuring a wide working space R. Further, the chips are transported to the collection point 61 set between the ATC 13 and the separation control panel 14, that is, the collection point 61 set in the work space R by the chip transport device 60. The bucket 62 from which the chips have been collected can be pulled out easily based on the fact that the separation control panel 14 is retracted.

<Embodiment 2>
FIG. 5 shows a machining center 1A according to the second embodiment. This figure corresponds to FIG. 1 in the first embodiment described above. In FIG. 5, differences from the configuration and operation shown in FIG. 1 will be mainly described. Accordingly, members having the same configuration or function as those shown in FIG. 1 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description thereof will be appropriately omitted.

    In Embodiment 1 described above, the column 17 is moved in the Y-axis direction without moving the turntable 12 in the Y-axis direction. In the second embodiment, on the contrary, the column 17A is not moved in the Y-axis direction, but is greatly different in that the turntable 71 is moved in the Y-axis direction. This will be described in detail below.

    As shown in FIG. 5, the machining center 1A according to the present embodiment includes a main shaft 11A constituting a part of the apparatus main body 10A, a turntable 12A disposed on the front side of the apparatus main body 10A, and a rear side of the turntable 12A. There is provided an automatic tool changer (ATC) 13A arranged, and a separation type control panel 14 arranged further rearward of the ATC 13A.

    The apparatus main body 10A includes a base 16A, a column 17A fixed to the floor surface F, a head 18A supported by the column 17A so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and a main shaft 11A supported rotatably by the head 18A. have.

    A Y-axis sliding surface 70 is formed on the upper surface of the base 16A described above along the Y-axis direction. A slide base 71 is placed on the Y-axis sliding surface 70. The slide base 71 is configured to be guided by the Y-axis sliding surface 70 and move in the Y-axis direction. On the front end side of the slide base 71, there is mounted a turntable 12A that rotates in the C-axis direction (the rotation direction about the Z axis) about the rotation center O.

    On the upper surface of the turntable 12A, a planar workpiece placement surface 52A on which a workpiece (not shown) is placed is provided. In addition, a stay 72 is fixed to the rear end side of the slide base 71 on which the turntable 12A is mounted, and the automatic tool changer 13A is fixed to the stay 72. The automatic tool changer 13A itself has a tool magazine 53 and a servo motor 54 that directly drives the tool magazine 53 in the same manner as the automatic tool changer 13 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. .

    The slide base 71 described above is moved in the Y-axis direction via a ball screw (not shown) by a servo motor 36A disposed at the rear end of the base 16A. As this ball screw, the same one as the Y-axis ball screw 31 shown in FIG. 1 can be used. The moving range of the slide base 71 is indicated by a two-dot chain line (reference numerals 71a and 71b) in FIG.

    Of these, reference numeral 71a indicates the movement limit (advance limit) of the front end of the slide base 71 at the home position (shown by a solid line). The distance from the home position to the advance limit is the stroke St2 ( This corresponds to the stroke for ATC. This corresponds to a movement distance when the automatic tool changer 13A at the home position (shown by a solid line) moves to the tool change position P. On the other hand, reference numeral 71b indicates a movement limit (retreat limit) of the rear end of the slide base 71 at the home position (illustrated by a solid line). Accordingly, the range from the reference numeral 71a to the reference numeral 72b is the movement range of the slide base 71, which corresponds to the stroke St1 (Y-axis stroke).

    Above the work space R in FIG. 5, the duct 56A on the apparatus body 10A side and the duct 56B on the separation control panel 14 side are interrupted, and between the two, the apparatus body 10A side and the separation control are provided. A wire harness for electrically connecting the board 14 is suspended in a slack state. In this case, a margin is provided for the length in preparation for the case where the separation type control panel 14 is retracted backward.

    In the present embodiment, for example, the upper half of the column 17A is configured to be movable in the Y-axis direction as in the first embodiment, so that the main shaft 11A can be moved in the Y-axis direction. May be. In this case, when the workpiece is processed and the tool is changed, the movement of the main shaft 11A in the Y-axis direction may be performed by the combined movement (relative movement) of the main shaft 11A and the slide base 71.

    The automatic tool changer 13A does not necessarily have to be mounted on the slide base 71, and may be provided independently of the slide base 71 as long as it is provided so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction. In this case, it is sufficient that the automatic tool changer 13 </ b> A is moved at the time of tool change, and unnecessary movement at the time of workpiece machining can be avoided.

    As described above, according to the machining center according to the present invention (for example, the machining centers 1 and 1A according to the first and second embodiments), the occupied width in the X-axis direction (left and right direction) can be reduced, and a plurality of units can be used. Problems caused by arranging the machining centers in the horizontal direction, that is, the above-mentioned problems such as maintenance of the apparatus main body 10, 10A, tool change of the ATC 13, 13A, chip disposal, etc. are effectively solved. can do.

It is the figure which looked at the cross section which cut the machining center 1 of Embodiment 1 by the YZ plane from the right side. 2 is a top view of the machining center 1 in a state where a column 18, a Z-axis ball screw 43, a Z-axis servomotor 48, and the like are removed. FIG. It is a figure which shows typically operation | movement of a machining center. (A), (b) is a schematic diagram explaining operation | movement of the conventional machining center. It is a figure equivalent to FIG. 1 of the machining center 1A which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG.

1,1A Machining center 10, 10A Machine body 11, 11A Spindle 12, 12A Turntable 13, 13A Automatic tool changer (ATC)
14 Separable control panel 15 Operation panel 16, 16A Base 17, 17A Column 18, 18A Head 51, 51A Tool mounting part 52, 52A Workpiece mounting surface 60 Chip conveying device 61 Collection point M Worker P Tool change position R Work Space W Workpiece

Claims (5)

In a vertical machining center that processes a workpiece mounted on a table,
It has a tool attachment part at the tip, has a main shaft that can move in the Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction with respect to the main body of the device, but cannot move in the X-axis direction,
The main axis moves only on a single YZ plane defined by the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction along which the rotation center axis of the main axis moves,
A turntable having a horizontal workpiece mounting surface that rotates only in the C-axis direction and disposed on the front side of the apparatus body;
An automatic tool changer disposed behind the turntable on the device main body side and having a tool change position on the single YZ plane,
The apparatus main body includes a head that supports the main shaft, a column that supports the head, and a base that supports the column.
The base is formed in a gate shape and has a space penetrating in the Y-axis direction,
The automatic tool changer is disposed in the space;
The column is supported on the upper part of the base so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction through a pair of guide rails formed on the upper part of the base.
Said pair of guide rails, in the vicinity of both ends in the X-axis direction of the base, are laid toward the Y-axis direction,
On top of the base, is disposed in the Y-axis direction on the single Y-Z plane, that is movable said column in the Y axis direction via a supported nut on the lower surface of the column And a Y-axis ball screw held by a support portion formed substantially at the center in the X-axis direction at the upper part of the base ,
The turntable is disposed below the Y-axis ball screw in the Z-axis direction,
The head is supported on the column so as to be movable in front of the Y-axis direction of the Y-axis ball screw in the Z-axis direction so that the workpiece on the workpiece mounting surface can be processed.
In the automatic tool changer, a disk-shaped tool magazine is rotatably arranged, and a tool holding portion is formed in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the tool magazine.
Both the rotation center axis of the rotation axis and the axis of rotation of the turntable the tool magazine of the spindle is parallel to the Z axis, the tool changing position with their rotation center axis are both of the single Arranged on the YZ plane,
Based on the rotation of the turntable in the C-axis direction and the movement of the rotation center axis of the main shaft on the single YZ plane in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, And a relative movement in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction on the single YZ plane between the rotation center axis of the main shaft and the rotation center axis of the tool magazine, Tool exchange is performed between the spindle and the automatic tool changer.
Machining center characterized by that.
The screw shaft of the Y-axis ball screw is supported via support portions formed on the front side and the rear end of the base upper part,
At the rear end of the screw shaft, a Y-axis servo motor is connected to the rear of the support formed at the rear end of the upper part of the base so as to protrude rearward from the support.
The machining center according to claim 1, wherein: The machining center according to claim 1, wherein the automatic tool changer is configured to be movable in the Y-axis direction. A slide base for moving the turntable in the Y-axis direction;
The machining center according to claim 3 . The tool magazine, the machining center according to any one of claims 1 to 4 the diameter is substantially the same form as the occupied width of the base of the X-axis direction, it is characterized.

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