JP7199902B2 - centrifuge - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a centrifugal separator for separating solid components contained in liquid to be treated.

The centrifugal separator is provided with a mechanism for discharging the separated solid components. Such a mechanism includes, for example, a mechanism that intermittently discharges the solid component together, a mechanism that continuously discharges the solid component from a relatively small nozzle or the like. Further, a separating plate type centrifuge having both of these discharge mechanisms is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-2001-239184

However, such a discharge mechanism for continuously discharging solid components from a relatively small nozzle or the like tends to clog the nozzle or the like.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above points, it is an object of the present invention to prevent clogging of a nozzle or the like in a centrifugal separator that continuously discharges solid components separated from a liquid to be treated.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention
A centrifugal separation apparatus having a rotating container and a plurality of separation plates stacked at predetermined intervals inside the rotating container, for separating and discharging solid components contained in the liquid to be treated by centrifugal force. hand,
a continuous discharge port that communicates with an inner opening that opens to the inner peripheral portion of the rotating container and that continuously discharges solid components deposited on the inner peripheral portion of the rotating container;
The distance from the center of rotation of the rotary container to the continuous discharge port is variable.

As a result, the pressure acting at the continuous discharge port differs depending on the distance from the center of rotation of the rotary container at the continuous discharge port, so that the amount of continuously discharged solid component can be adjusted. Therefore, for example, it is possible to prevent the continuous discharge port from being clogged by not setting the continuous discharge port to be excessively small.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in a centrifugal separator, the nozzle etc. which continuously discharge|eject the solid component isolate|separated from the to-be-processed liquid can be made hard to be clogged.

It is a front sectional view of a centrifugal separator. 4 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation for discharging solid components; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an example of a state in which solid components are continuously discharged; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an example of a state at the time of total discharge in which all the contents in the rotating body are discharged;

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As an embodiment of the present invention, a centrifugal separation apparatus, which is a plate-type centrifugal separator used for purifying a stock solution, which is a fluid to be treated such as fuel oil and lubricating oil for marine diesel engines, will be described below. This separation plate type centrifuge is a vertical centrifuge in which a large number of separation plates made of truncated conical thin plates are laminated in the rotating body with small gaps along the axial direction of the guide cylinder. It has a mechanism for discharging the sludge separated and accumulated in the rotating body to the outside by opening and closing the valve cylinder. The sludge is a solid substance or the like contained in the liquid to be treated, and more specifically, a solid substance separated and accumulated on the outermost diameter side in the rotating body by centrifugal force.

(Schematic Configuration of Separating Plate Centrifuge 101)
As shown in FIG. 1, the separating plate centrifuge 101 has
a rotating container 103 attached to a rotating shaft 102 and rotating at high speed;
A liquid inlet pipe 104 provided at the upper part of the central part of the rotating container 103 and supplied with the stock solution from the outside;
a guide tube 105 that guides the undiluted solution to the lowest part in the rotary container 103 and spreads toward the end;
In order to separate each component such as sludge in the undiluted liquid according to the difference in specific gravity, a separation having a separation plate 113 and a water removal plate 152 which are mounted in multiple layers with a small gap in the axial direction of the guide tube 105. a separation chamber 151 formed from a region and a sludge accumulation region at the outermost diameter portion (inner peripheral portion) in the rotating container 103;
It is provided in the lower part of the rotating container 103 and is vertically controlled according to the hydraulic pressure of the working water. a valve cylinder 106 that closes the intermittent discharge port 112a of the intermittent discharge part 112 and moves downward (the right half of FIG. 1) to open the intermittent discharge port 112a when discharging sludge;
a plurality of continuous discharge units 201 for continuously discharging the sludge separated in the separation chamber 151 to the outside through continuous discharge ports 211;
Liquid extraction units 154 and 156 for discharging the clean oil (light liquid) and the like separated in the separation chamber 151 to the outside;
It has

The rotating container 103 is composed of a rotating body lid 103a which is a substantially truncated cone-shaped portion provided at the top, and a large-diameter cylindrical portion having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the truncated cone-shaped portion provided at the lower portion. A rotating drum 103b is integrated with a ring nut 103c. The rotating container 103 is integrated with the rotating shaft 102 and fixed so that it can rotate at a high speed (for example, 7000 to 9000 min -1 ).

As the undiluted liquid introduced into the separation chamber 151 of the separation plate type centrifuge 101 as described above rises and flows through the gap between the separation plates 113, the solid content with high specific gravity moves to the sludge deposition area, and the oil The (light liquid) is separated toward the center of the rotating container 103 , and the separated water is discharged from the liquid extractor 156 provided at the top of the rotating container 103 .

The sludge accumulated in the sludge accumulation area can be discharged intermittently from the intermittent discharge section 112 or continuously from the continuous discharge section 201 .

That is, the intermittent discharge is controlled by a timer or the like by estimating the amount of sludge accumulated in the rotating vessel 103 when the amount of sludge accumulated in the rotating vessel 103 reaches a predetermined amount, for example, based on the amount of raw liquid processed and the amount of sludge contained therein. At a predetermined timing, valve-closing operating water or valve-opening operating water is supplied from the valve-closing operating water supply nozzle 121 or the valve-opening operating water supply nozzle 131 of the on-off valve operating water supply member 111 to the on-off valve operating water receiving member 110 . done. More specifically, when the valve closing working water is supplied from the valve closing working water supply nozzle 121, the valve closing working water is introduced into the valve closing working water pressure chamber 123 through the valve closing working water supply passage 122, and the centrifugal force is applied. The valve cylinder 106 rises due to the pressure generated by being pressed to the outer peripheral side by the valve cylinder 106 and comes into pressure contact with the valve packing 107, thereby closing the intermittent discharge port 112a. Further, when the valve-opening operating water is supplied from the valve-opening operating water supply nozzle 131 , the valve-opening operating water flows through the valve-opening operating water supply passage 132 and pushes the valve body 133 toward the inner peripheral side against the centrifugal force. The valve cylinder 106 is slid to discharge the valve-closing hydraulic water in the valve-closing hydraulic pressure chamber 123 from the valve-opening hydraulic water drain passage 134 through the valve-opening hydraulic water discharge hole 135, thereby lowering the valve cylinder 106 and intermittently discharging the discharge port 112a. is opened and the sludge is discharged. After that, the supply of the valve-opening working water is immediately stopped, and when the valve-closing working water is supplied to the valve-closing working water pressure chamber 123 again, the valve cylinder 106 is pushed upward and the intermittent discharge port 112a is sealed.

In addition, the continuous discharge is performed by a continuous discharge port 211, which functions as a nozzle set to a predetermined inner diameter, to the inner surface of the rotor cover 103a through a continuous discharge channel 212 formed in the rotor cover 103a. By communicating with the open inner opening 213, the sludge accumulated in the sludge accumulation area is gradually and continuously discharged by the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the rotary container 103.

(Regarding cleaning of continuous discharge port 211)
A cleaning liquid reservoir 201a is provided outside the rotating body lid 103a so as to surround the continuous discharge port 211, and a cleaning liquid 203 such as clean water for cleaning the continuous discharge port 211 and the continuous discharge channel 212 is stored. It has become so. More specifically, for example, the cleaning liquid receiving portion 201b is attached to the ring nut 103c with a bolt 202, and the cleaning liquid 203 is stored in a space surrounded by the outer wall of the rotor lid 103a and the cleaning liquid receiving portion 201b. there is The cleaning liquid 203 is supplied via a water supply valve 223 from a water supply pipe 222 (cleaning liquid supply section) attached to a support plate 221 provided outside the rotary container 103, for example. The washing liquid receiving portion 201b is provided with a discharge hole 201c that opens toward the outer circumference of the rotary container 103, and the sludge discharged from the continuous discharge port 211 into the washing liquid storage portion 201a gradually flows outward. It is designed to be obtained. Further, the position of the liquid surface of the cleaning liquid 203 stored in the cleaning liquid storage section 201a is the inner opening 213 when the total amount of the contents of the rotating body is discharged from the intermittent discharge port 112a as described above. It is set to a position closer to the center of rotation of the rotating container 103 than the rotatable container 103 .

By setting as described above, the cleaning of the continuous discharge port 211 is performed, for example, as follows.

First, for example, in a state in which the rotary container 103 is rotating at a predetermined rotational speed, as shown in FIG. Sludge accumulates in the sludge accumulation area. A part of the accumulated sludge is discharged from the continuous discharge port 211 through the inner opening 213 through the continuous discharge flow path 212, and further flows out to the outside of the rotary container 103 from the discharge hole 201c. That is, if the relationship between the pressures acting on each part due to the centrifugal force is represented as a model of water head pressure as shown in FIG. h1 (or, if the cleaning liquid storage portion 201a stores sludge that has not been discharged from the discharge hole 201c, a water head pressure h2 corresponding to the position of the liquid surface) acts. Therefore, the sludge in the rotary container 103 is discharged from the continuous discharge port 211 according to the water head pressure.

Before long, when the intermittent discharge port 112a of the intermittent discharge part 112 is opened at the timing at which a predetermined amount of sludge is expected to accumulate in the sludge accumulation area, the water supply pipe 222 is discharged from the water supply pipe 222 a predetermined time prior to the opening. After the cleaning liquid 203 is supplied and stored in the cleaning liquid storage section 201a, the intermittent discharge port 112a is opened. In this case, when the liquid to be treated in the rotating vessel 103 is discharged from the intermittent discharging section 112 in a relatively short time and the rotating vessel 103 is completely or almost empty, as shown in FIG. The water head pressure H becomes 0, and a water head pressure h3 corresponding to the distance from the liquid surface of the cleaning liquid 203 to the position of the inner opening 213 acts on the inner opening 213 communicating with the continuous discharge port 211 . Therefore, the cleaning liquid 203 stored in the cleaning liquid storage section 201a flows backward through the continuous discharge channel 212, thereby cleaning the continuous discharge port 211, the continuous discharge channel 212, and the inner opening 213. FIG.

If the amount of sludge that can flow out from the discharge hole 201c is larger than the amount of sludge that is discharged from the continuous discharge port 211, it will be stored in the cleaning liquid receiving portion 201b when the clean cleaning liquid 203 is supplied from the water supply pipe 222. However, even if the sludge and the cleaning liquid 203 overflow from the cleaning liquid receiving portion 201b, there is no particular problem. , the following cleaning of the continuous outlet 211 and the like can be sufficiently performed. Also, the degree of cleanliness of the cleaning liquid 203 is relative, and may be as clean as the continuous discharge port 211 and the like can be cleaned.

(Adjustment of sludge discharge amount (discharge speed) from continuous discharge port 211)
The amount of sludge discharged from the continuous discharge port 211 depends on the rotation speed of the rotary vessel 103, the concentration of solid components in the liquid to be treated, the orifice diameter of the continuous discharge port 211, and the head pressure at the continuous discharge port 211 (Fig. It also changes depending on h1 and h2 of 3). Therefore, as also shown in FIG. 1, a continuous discharge channel 212 is provided so as to communicate with a plurality of positions at different distances from the rotation center of the rotary container 103, and a continuous discharge port is selectively provided at any position. By providing 211, the amount of sludge discharged from continuous discharge port 211 can be easily adjusted. Therefore, the discharge flow rate (amount) of the sludge discharged from the continuous discharge port can be reduced by setting a small discharge amount without setting the orifice diameter too small, such as by sharing the orifice diameter of the continuous discharge port 211. can be easily changed.

Here, when the position of the continuous discharge port 211 is set variously as described above, in order to set the position of the liquid surface of the cleaning liquid 203 so as to correspond to it, for example, as shown by the phantom lines in FIG. Instead of the continuous discharge part 201, a continuous discharge part 201' having a cleaning liquid receiving part 201b with a different length may be attached, or a water supply pipe 222' having a different mounting position on the support plate 221 may be used. Also, the cleaning liquid receiving portion 201b may be made expandable, or the water supply pipe 222 may be made slidable.

(Other Matters)
Note that the cleaning liquid receiving portion 201b is not limited to being attached to the ring nut 103c, and may be attached to the rotating body lid 103a or the rotating drum 103b. Alternatively, it may be attached to two or more of the ring nut 103c, the rotating body cover 103a, and the rotating drum 103b.

Further, even when the positions of the continuous discharge ports 211 are set to be the same, the positions of the surface of the cleaning liquid 203 may be set variously by, for example, varying the length of the cleaning liquid receiving portion 201b. In this case, since the water head pressure h3 in FIG. 4 can be set variously, the degree of cleaning of the continuous discharge port 211 and the like can be set accordingly.

In addition, in order to set the position of the surface of the cleaning liquid 203, openings for overflowing the cleaning liquid 203 are provided at a plurality of positions in the cleaning liquid receiver 201b at different distances from the rotation center of the rotating container 103, and these openings are may be selectively blocked.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 101 Separating plate centrifuge 102 Rotating shaft 103 Rotating container 103a Rotating body cover 103b Rotating drum 103c Ring nut 104 Liquid inlet pipe 105 Guide cylinder 106 Valve cylinder 107 Valve packing 110 On-off valve operating water receiving member 111 On-off valve operating water supply member 112 intermittent discharge portion 112a intermittent discharge port 113 separation plate 121 valve closing working water supply nozzle 122 valve closing working water supply passage 123 valve closing working water pressure chamber 131 valve opening working water supply nozzle 132 valve opening working water supply passage 133 valve body 134 open Valve actuation water drain channel 135 Valve opening actuation water drain hole 151 Separation chamber 152 Water catch plate 154, 156 Liquid extraction part 201 Continuous discharge part 201' Continuous discharge part 201a Cleaning liquid storage part 201b Cleaning liquid receiving part 201c Drain hole 202 Bolt 203 Cleaning liquid 211 continuous discharge port 212 continuous discharge channel 213 inner opening 221 support plate 222 water supply pipe 222' water supply pipe 223 water supply valve

Claims (3)

A centrifugal separation apparatus having a rotating container and a plurality of separation plates stacked at predetermined intervals inside the rotating container, for separating and discharging solid components contained in the liquid to be treated by centrifugal force. hand,
a continuous discharge port that communicates with an inner opening that opens to the inner peripheral portion of the rotating container and that continuously discharges solid components deposited on the inner peripheral portion of the rotating container;
A centrifugal separator, wherein the distance from the center of rotation of the rotating vessel in the continuous outlet is variable. The centrifuge device of claim 1, comprising:
A plurality of the continuous discharge ports are provided at different distances from the center of rotation of the rotating container, and the plurality of the continuous discharge ports are selectively closed, thereby rotating the rotating container at the continuous discharge ports. A centrifugal separator, characterized in that the distance from the center is variable. The centrifugal separation device of any one of claims 1 and 2,
The centrifugal separator further comprises an intermittent discharge port for intermittently discharging the solid components deposited on the inner peripheral portion of the rotating container.

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