JP7159647B2 - Spindle device and machine tools - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a turning spindle device and a machine tool.

For example, Patent Literature 1 describes a machine tool provided with a swivel spindle device. This revolving main shaft device includes a fixed main body that rotatably supports the revolving shaft with an inclination of 45 degrees; and a device. The turning spindle device rotates the spindle device around a turning axis to perform turning indexing between a vertical posture and a horizontal posture.

JP-A-7-1206

In order to perform high-precision machining in the machine tool described above, it is necessary to detect the rotation angle of the turning shaft using an open-type or closed-type rotary encoder, and to perform precise rotation control of the turning shaft. A rotary encoder includes an encoder head and an encoder scale, and the encoder head is arranged on the outer periphery of the encoder scale to detect the rotation angle. The encoder head needs to be connected to the servo amplifier via an electrical wiring path in order to receive power from the servo amplifier and transmit power to the servo amplifier.

The swivel shaft of the swivel spindle device is designed so that the fixed portion is arranged on the center side and the rotating portion is arranged on the outer peripheral side. Therefore, the encoder head is arranged on the rotating portion on the outer peripheral side, and the encoder scale is arranged on the fixed portion on the inner peripheral side. For this reason, it is necessary to use electrical wiring paths in the encoder head that are resistant to bending and torsion, but generally the electrical wiring paths molded in the encoder head are not movable lines.

Therefore, it is necessary to relay the electrical wiring path molded in the encoder head to the movable corresponding electrical wiring path. However, it is rare for encoder head manufacturers to offer a lineup of extension cables for movable electrical wiring paths that include twists, and if extension cables from other companies are used, they are not supported.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a turning spindle device equipped with a rotary encoder that does not require a movable electrical wiring path, and a machine tool equipped with the turning spindle device.

A turning spindle device of the present invention comprises a turning shaft having a fixed sleeve and a rotating sleeve arranged on the outer peripheral side of the fixed sleeve; and a main shaft device having a main shaft inclined with respect to a turning axis of the turning shaft, the turning main body being rotatable with the rotating sleeve about the turning axis with respect to the fixed main body, and the fixed sleeve. and a head mounting member to which an encoder head that detects the rotation angle of the rotating sleeve is mounted, wherein the fixed sleeve is formed with a first groove that communicates from one end side to the other end side of the fixed sleeve. A first electrical wiring path connected to the encoder head is disposed in the first groove, and a second electrical wiring path is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the fixed sleeve and internally connected to the spindle device. A guide having a space through which a wiring path is passed and capable of being twisted in a predetermined phase together with the second electric wiring path is provided .

In the turning spindle device of the present invention, the encoder head is attached to the stationary sleeve via the head attachment member. The fixed sleeve is formed with a first groove in which a first electrical wiring path connected to the encoder head is arranged. Therefore, the encoder head does not need to use a movable electrical wiring path, and the first electrical wiring path connected to the encoder head does not need to pass through the rotating sleeve. Therefore, the reliability of the detected rotation angle of the turning shaft can be improved, and the cost of the turning spindle device can be reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a machine tool provided with a turning spindle device according to an embodiment of the present invention; It is a perspective view of a turning spindle device. It is the figure which looked at the turning range of the main shaft in a turning main shaft device from the turning-axis direction. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the mounting state of the encoder head and the encoder scale as viewed in the X-axis direction; FIG. 4 is a view of the attached state of the encoder head with the encoder scale of FIG. 3 removed and viewed in the rotation axis direction; FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the mounting state of the encoder head and encoder scale in FIG. 4A viewed in the VB direction; FIG. 4 is a view of the mounting state of the encoder head and encoder scale in FIG. 3 as viewed in the direction of the rotation axis;

(1. Configuration of Machine Tool Equipped with Turning Spindle Device)
A machine tool provided with the turning spindle device of the present embodiment will be described as an example. As shown in FIG. 1, the machine tool 1 is a five-axis machining center for machining a workpiece, and includes a bed 11, a column 12, a saddle 13, a swivel spindle device 20, a slide table 14 and a turntable 15. The bed 11 has a substantially rectangular shape and is placed on the floor. A column 12 is erected on the bed 11 .

A saddle 13 is provided on the side surface of the column 12 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. A turning spindle device 20 to which a spindle device 30 is attached is provided on a side surface of the saddle 13 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction. A slide table 14 is provided on the bed 11 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. A turntable 15 is provided on the slide table 14 so as to be rotatable around the Y axis (B axis). A workpiece (not shown) is fixed to the turntable 15 via a jig.

As shown in FIGS. 2A and 3 , the swivel spindle device 20 includes a swivel shaft 21 , a swivel body portion 22 and a fixed body portion 23 . The turning main shaft device 20 of this example rotates the turning shaft 21 together with the turning main body portion 22 with respect to the fixed main body portion 23, and as shown in FIG. This is a device for indexing the rotation of the spindle device 30 by changing the direction (0 degrees) through the vertical direction (180 degrees) to a predetermined angle θ (for example, 210 degrees). A rotary encoder 60 having an encoder head 61 and an encoder scale 62 detects the rotation angle of the swivel body 22 (swivel shaft 21 ), the details of which will be described later.

As shown in FIG. 3, the turning shaft 21 has a substantially hollow cylindrical turning shaft main body 21A, a hollow cylindrical rotating sleeve 24 and a hollow cylindrical fixed sleeve 25, and the turning axis D is 45 degrees from the Z axis. It is arranged in the fixed main body part 23 so as to be inclined. The swivel shaft main body 21A is rotatably supported in the fixed main body portion 23 by a motor and a deceleration mechanism (not shown). The rotary sleeve 24 is inserted coaxially (turning axis D) into the inner circumference of the turning shaft main body 21A, and is provided rotatably together with the turning shaft main body 21A. The fixed sleeve 25 is coaxially (rotational axis D) fitted into the inner circumference of the rotary sleeve 24 and fixed to the fixed main body 23 to restrict its rotation.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the swivel main body portion 22 includes a flange portion 22A that is radially larger than the swivel main body portion 22 when viewed in the direction of the swivel axis D. As shown in FIG. That is, the flange portion 22A is integrally provided so as to protrude radially outward from the periphery of the opening of the swivel main body portion 22 on the swivel shaft 21 side. As shown in FIG. 3, the swivel main body portion 22 is rotatably provided around the swivel axis D at the lower end of the swivel shaft 21 via a disk member 40 having substantially the same diameter as the flange portion 22A.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2A, the main shaft device 30 can turn around the turning axis D in a state in which the rotation axis R of the main shaft 31 is inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the turning axis D of the turning shaft 21, as shown in FIG. 2A. supported by A rotating tool 32 is detachably attached to the front end of the main shaft 31 , and a motor shaft of a motor (not shown) for rotating the main shaft 31 is connected to the rear end of the main shaft 31 .

The fixed body portion 23 is provided on the side surface of the saddle 13 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 3 , a second electrical wiring path 26 connected to the spindle device 30 is provided inside the fixed body portion 23 . That is, a cylindrical guide 50 having a space through which the second electric wiring path 26 is passed is arranged on the inner peripheral side (center hole 25 e ) of the fixed sleeve 25 . This guide 50 is configured to be able to twist in a predetermined phase together with the second electrical wiring path 26 following the rotation of the swivel main body 22 .

The second electric wiring path 26 is provided so as to extend from the inside of the fixed body portion 23 to the inside of the turning body portion 22 through the guide 50 . The second electrical wiring path 26 includes a power line for driving a motor for rotating the main shaft 31, and the like. Further, inside the fixed body portion 23, a fluid piping path (not shown) is provided for conducting oil pressure. The coolant is supplied to the rotary tool 32 and the like using a nozzle or the like (not shown) provided outside the turning spindle device 20 .

(2. Mounting structure of rotary encoder)
Next, the mounting structure of the rotary encoder will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 3 , the rotary encoder 60 is a general device that detects the rotation angle of the swivel body 22 (rotary sleeve 24 ), and has an encoder head 61 and an encoder scale 62 . The encoder head 61 includes a light source and photoelectric conversion elements.

The encoder scale 62 includes a grid disc having slits with a constant angular pitch and a grid scale having slits with the same pitch superimposed on the grid disc. The encoder head 61 rotates only the grating disk, and detects light from the light source passing through the slit with a photoelectric conversion element for each rotation of one pitch. Then, the rotational angle is detected by obtaining the rotational displacement and performing addition/subtraction with a counter.

As shown in FIGS. 3, 4A and 4B, a semi-disk-shaped head mounting member 63 is connected to the lower end surface of the fixed sleeve 25 . The head mounting member 63 is formed in a semi-disk shape for weight reduction. The encoder head 61 of the rotary encoder 60 is attached to the lower surface of the outer edge of the head attachment member 63 .

Since the operator can access the encoder head 61 located at a high place from below, maintenance work and the like can be easily performed. Further, even if coolant enters from the connecting portion between the fixed main body portion 23 and the swiveling main body portion 22 located above the encoder head 61, it is blocked by the head mounting member 63, so that the influence of the coolant on the encoder head 61 is suppressed. can be suppressed.

As shown in FIG. 4B, the inner periphery of the fixed sleeve 25 is formed with a first groove 25D communicating in the axial direction from the lower end side (one end side) of the fixed sleeve 25 to the upper end side (the other end side). A first electrical wiring path 64 connected to the encoder head 61 is arranged in the first groove 25D.

The first groove 25</b>D in which the first electric wiring path 64 is arranged is covered with the protective member 65 . The protective member 65 blocks contact with the guide 50 and prevents noise by shielding electromagnetic waves generated from the power line (second electrical wiring path 26) for driving the rotation motor. . Therefore, it is made of a material that can shield electromagnetic waves, such as iron.

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the head mounting member 63 is formed with a second groove 63D communicating from the lower end side of the first groove 25D to the encoder head 61. As shown in FIGS. The second groove 63D is formed on the inner periphery of the head mounting member 63 so as to extend in the axial direction from the lower end of the first groove 25D to the lower surface of the head mounting member 63 . Furthermore, after extending radially outward of the head mounting member 63 , it extends in an arc shape along the outer peripheral edge of the head mounting member 63 to reach the encoder head 61 .

A first electrical wiring path 64 is arranged in the second groove 63D. The second groove 63D in which the first electrical wiring path 64 is arranged is covered with a protective member 66. As shown in FIG. The protective member 66 prevents the first electrical wiring path 64 from sagging and shields electromagnetic waves generated from the power line for driving the rotation motor to prevent noise generation. Therefore, it is made of a material that can shield electromagnetic waves, such as iron.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , a disk-shaped scale mounting member 68 is connected to the lower end surface of the rotary sleeve 24 via a disk member 40 and a semi-disk-shaped support member 67 . The support member 67 is formed in a semi-disk shape for weight reduction. The encoder scale 62 of the rotary encoder 60 is attached to the lower end surface of the scale attachment member 68 . The scale mounting member 68 and the encoder scale 62 are integrated with a spigot. Then, the scale mounting member 68 is centered using the inner peripheral surface.

In the turning spindle device 20 of this embodiment, the encoder head 61 is attached to the fixed sleeve 25 via the head attachment member 63 . The fixed sleeve 25 is formed with a first groove 25D in which a first electrical wiring path 64 connected to the encoder head 61 is arranged. Therefore, the encoder head 61 does not need to use a movable electrical wiring path, and the first electrical wiring path 64 connected to the encoder head 61 does not need to pass through the rotary sleeve 24 . Therefore, the reliability of the detected rotation angle of the turning shaft 21 can be improved, and the cost of the turning spindle device 20 can be reduced.

(3. Others)
In the above-described embodiment, the case of application to the swivel main shaft device 20 having the inclined swivel shaft 21 has been described, but the same applies to a swivel main shaft device having a horizontal swivel shaft and a swivel main shaft device having a vertical swivel shaft. It is possible. It is also applicable to a table with a pivot (trunnion, tilt) and a spindle tilt.

Also, although the swivel main shaft device 20 in which the swivel axis D of the swivel shaft 21 is inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the Z-axis, the same applies to the swivel main shaft device in which the swivel axis D of the swivel shaft is inclined at an arbitrary angle with respect to the Z-axis. Applicable.

Reference Signs List 1: machine tool 20: swivel spindle device 21: swivel shaft 21A: swivel shaft main body 22: swivel main body 23: fixed main body 24: rotary sleeve 25: fixed sleeve 25D: first groove 26: Second electrical wiring path, 30: Spindle device, 31: Spindle, 32: Rotary tool, 40: Disk member, 50: Guide, 60: Rotary encoder, 61: Encoder head, 62: Encoder scale, 63: Head attachment Member 63D: Second groove 64: First electrical wiring path 65, 66: Protection member 67: Support member 68: Scale attachment member D: Rotation axis

Claims (6)

a pivot shaft having a fixed sleeve and a rotating sleeve arranged on the outer peripheral side of the fixed sleeve;
a fixed main body that supports the fixed sleeve while restricting its rotation and rotatably supports the rotary sleeve;
a swivel main body having a spindle device having a main shaft inclined with respect to a swivel axis of the swivel shaft, and rotatable with the rotating sleeve about the swivel axis with respect to the fixed main body;
a head mounting member attached to the stationary sleeve and to which an encoder head for detecting the rotation angle of the rotating sleeve is attached;
with
A first groove communicating from one end side to the other end side of the fixed sleeve is formed in the fixed sleeve,
A first electrical wiring path connected to the encoder head is disposed in the first groove ,
Furthermore, it is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the fixed sleeve and has a space inside which a second electrical wiring path connected to the spindle device passes through, so that it can be twisted in a predetermined phase together with the second electrical wiring path. A swivel spindle device comprising a guide . 2. The turning spindle device according to claim 1 , wherein said first groove is covered with a protective member blocking between said guide. 3. The turning spindle device according to claim 2 , wherein said protective member is made of a material capable of shielding electromagnetic waves. A second groove communicating from one end side of the first groove to the encoder head is formed in the head mounting member,
The turning spindle device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein said first electrical wiring path is arranged in said second groove. The turning according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein an encoder scale corresponding to a rotation angle of said rotating sleeve detected by said encoder head is attached to said rotating sleeve so as to be rotatable together with said rotating sleeve. Spindle device. Equipped with a swivel spindle device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ,
A machine tool, wherein a rotary tool capable of machining a workpiece is rotatably attached to the spindle of the spindle device.

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