JPH0276603A - Structure of headstock of machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To process a work under high speed rotation of a tool main shaft without any size enlargement and complication of a headstock by arranging the tool main shaft on a head inclined by a fixed angle in relation to the rotational center and installing a main shaft drive motor on the main shaft. CONSTITUTION:A head 19 is installed on a body 6 so as to be freely driven in rotation around rotational center CT3 and the main shaft center of a tool main shaft 23 is inclined by a fixed degree theta in relation to the rotational center CT3 and installed so as to freely rotate around the main shaft 23 in rotation is installed on the head 19. Thus it is possible to rotate the tool main shaft 23 directly by the motor 25 under its state inclined by a fixed angle in relation to the rotational center CT3 and it is unnecessary to set up a power transmission device in order to transmit power to the tool main shaft 23. As the result, it becomes possible to process a big work by rotating the tool main shaft 23 at a high speed without enlarging a headstock 5.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (a) Industrial Application Field The present invention is directed to a machine tool that can machine a workpiece by rotating a tool spindle at high speed without increasing the size or complexity of the headstock. Regarding the headstock structure.

(b), Prior Art FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of the headstock structure of a conventional machine tool.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a process of machining a workpiece using the machine tool shown in FIG. 4.

Conventionally, the head stock of a machine tool, for example, the head 3 shown in FIG.
5 by 180'' around the turning center CT8,
In the headstock 33 where the axis CT9 of the tool spindle 36 can be set horizontally and vertically, the spindle drive motor for rotationally driving the main spindle 36 is not installed on the head 35 side, and the spindle drive motor for rotationally driving the head 35 is installed on the headstock 33. It was provided on the main body 33a side of 33. Transmission of power from the motor to the tool main shaft 36 was performed via a power transmission mechanism 41 consisting of a plurality of transmission shafts 40a, 405, etc. equipped with bevel gears 39a, 39b, 39c, 39d, etc.

(C) 0 Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, this has the disadvantage that the power transmission mechanism 41 (therefore, the headstock 33) becomes larger and more complicated. Furthermore, when the main shaft drive motor on the main body side is driven to rotate the tool main shaft 36 at high speed through the power transmission mechanism 41 together with the tool 31 shown in FIG. Since +Ni 1140a and 40b vibrate excessively, there was a drawback that the workpiece could not be processed at high speed. Furthermore, since it is difficult to pipe the pipe 43 and the like for supplying cutting water etc. from the head stock 33 side to the head 35 side through the respective transmission shafts 40a and 40b, the main body 33 of the head stock 33
There were piping etc. outside of the head 35 and the head 35. However, due to aging, the joints of the pipe 43 may be stretched and damaged when the head 35 rotates, and there is a risk that cutting oil or the like may leak out.

Furthermore, for example, the head 35 shown in FIG.
The tool 3 attached in close contact with the tool holding surface 36a of No. 6
1 and 180° in the directions of arrows E and F from the first machining completion position S1 shown in FIG.
When turning, the longer the distance ilL from the intersection of the center CT9 of the tool spindle 36 and the turning center CT8 (hereinafter referred to as symmetry point P1) to the tip 31a of the tool 31, the more the tool 31
The shaking scene Q becomes larger, and the destination @31a is the turning center CT
It is positioned at a position Q that is symmetrical with respect to 8 (i.e., a position g1 distant from the corner part 30e of the workpiece 30 by a distance 1b in the direction of arrow B and a distance mr=<=a in the direction of arrow C).

Therefore, the head 35 shown in FIG. 5 is moved from the first machining completion position S1 to the second machining start position (i.e.,
To position the head 35 in the direction of arrows E and F, move the head 35 18 degrees in the direction of arrows E and F.
Turn by 0'.

Further, the headstock 33 had to be moved a distance in the direction of arrow A by an amount corresponding to the amount of runout Q of the tool 31, and a distance W1a in the direction of the arrow. For this reason.

Since the headstock 33 has to be moved extra when the head 35 rotates, the stroke of the headstock 33 cannot be effectively utilized, resulting in the inconvenience that large workpieces cannot be machined.

Therefore, in order to eliminate this inconvenience, if the tool spindle 36 is installed as shifted in the direction of arrow C with respect to the transmission shaft 4o, the tip 3 of the tool 31 mounted on the main spindle 36
By reducing the distance between 1a and the point of symmetry P1, the runout amount α of the tool 31 can be suppressed to a small value. However, the tool spindle 36.

When installed in this way, the bevel gear 39d shown in FIG.
A new problem arises in that the bearing 45 interferes with the bearing 45.

In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a headstock structure for a machine tool that can process a workpiece by rotating a tool spindle at high speed without increasing the size or complexity of the headstock. .

(d) Means for Solving Six Problems The present invention has a main body (6), and a head (19) is provided on the main body (6) so as to be able to freely rotate around a center of rotation (CTa). , a tool spindle (23) is attached to the head (19).
), and its principal axis center (Cr2) is the market swing center (CTa
) by a predetermined angle (θ), and the main axis center (
CT5) is provided rotatably around the tool main shaft (23), a tool holding means (23a) is provided, and further,
The tool spindle 1-(19) is provided with a spindle drive motor (25) for rotationally driving the tool spindle (23).

Note that the numbers in parentheses are for convenience and indicate corresponding elements in one drawing, and therefore, this description is not limited to the description on the drawing. r (e) below
The same applies to the column ``, action''.

(e) 1 Effect With the above-described configuration, the present invention provides a main shaft drive motor (25
), the tool spindle (23) is directly rotated by the motor (25) at a predetermined angle (θ) with respect to the center of rotation (CTa).

(f), Example Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the main parts of a machine tool headstock to which an embodiment of the machine tool headstock structure according to the present invention is applied, and FIG. The figure which shows the process of processing.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a machine tool to which an embodiment of the machine tool headstock structure according to the present invention is applied.

A machine tool 1 such as a machining center has a bed 2, as shown in FIG. ) so that it can be freely moved and driven. A main body 6 of a headstock 5 is provided on the column 3 so as to be movable and driven in the directions of arrows C and D (i.e., the Z-axis direction), which are the up and down directions in the figure, via guide rails 7 and the like. A head support section 9 is provided at the left end of the main body 6 shown in the figure.

As shown in FIG. 1, the head support portion 9 includes a support surface 6a,
It has first and second support members 10A, an IOB, an engagement shaft 12, a connecting cylinder 16, etc., and a support surface 6a is provided at the lower end of the main body 6 in the direction of arrows A and B (Y axial direction)
It is formed so that it is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the main body. A first support member 10A formed in a substantially annular shape is fixed to the support portion 6a via a connecting ring llb, a bolt lie, etc., and an engagement shaft 12 is attached to the first support member 10A, as will be described later. The axial center (hereinafter referred to as
It is called the turning center CT3. ) is tilted by a predetermined angle of 0 (=45°) with respect to the direction of arrow C1D (Z @ force direction), and is provided in such a manner that it can freely rotate in directions of arrows E and F around rotation centers C and T3.

As shown in FIG. 1, the engagement shaft 12 has a through hole 12a formed therethrough in the directions of arrows G and H along the rotation center CT3, and a through hole 12a is provided at the lower end of the engagement shaft 12 in the figure. A flange portion 12b is formed. Furthermore, between the upper end portion 12e and the flange portion 12b of the engagement shaft 12 shown in FIG.
A pipe line 12d is formed to penetrate through the engagement shaft 12, and a cutting water supply pipe 17 is provided at the upper end of the pipe line 12d.
is connected. The cutting water supply pipe 17 is connected to a cutting water supply device (not shown), and a pipe 32 formed in the head 17, which will be described later, is connected to the lower end of the pipe 12d. Further, a second support member 10B formed in an annular shape is attached to the support surface 6a of the main body 6 shown in FIG. 1 so as to surround the first support member 10A, and the first and second support members A coupler 21g is fitted between 10A and 108.

Further, a gear 13 is attached to the upper end of the engagement shaft 12 shown in FIG. 1 via a key 13a, etc.
A drive mechanism 15 is provided on the left side of the figure 2. The drive mechanism 15 has a rotatably provided drive shaft 15b, and a gear 15d is formed in the center of the drive shaft 15b. A rack 15a provided movably in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG. 1 is engaged with the gear 15d, and a drive cylinder (not shown) for moving and driving the rack 15a is connected to the rack 15a. ing. Furthermore, the first
A gear 15c is attached to the lower end of the drive shaft 15b shown in the figure via a key 15a, etc., and the gear 15c meshes with the gear 13.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a connecting cylinder 16 is provided between the gear 13 and the flange portion 12b of the engagement shaft 12.

It has a cylinder 16a, a piston 16b, etc. That is, a cylinder 16a is formed in the first support member 10A in an annular manner along the inner periphery of the support member 10A. The piston 16b, which is freely supported, is connected to the engagement shaft 1.
2 and are fitted and engaged so as to be movable in the directions of arrows G and H. Note that the cylinder 16a has the first and 24th r!
Paths 16e and 16f are connected.

Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 1, a head 19 is attached to the head support portion 9 of the headstock 5 in a manner that it can freely rotate in directions of arrows E and F around a rotation center CT3.
9 has a casing 20. The casing 20 is provided with a mounting section 21, and an end surface 21 of the mounting section 21
A connection hole 21b is formed in the direction of arrows G and H. The flange portion 12b of the engagement shaft 12 is connected to the bottom portion 21d of the connection hole 21b via a bolt 21e, etc., and the coupler 21 is connected to the end surface 21a of the mounting portion 21.
f is attached. Note that the coupler 21f is the coupler 2
It is engaged with 1g in such a way that it can be connected and separated at will.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the casing 20 of the head 19 has a motor housing space 20A formed therein. *23 and the main shaft 23
A spindle motor 25 and the like directly connected to the main shaft motor 25 are provided.

That is, a tool spindle 23 is provided in the motor housing space 2OA so as to be rotatable in the direction of arrow J about the center CT5 via a plurality of bearings 26. A rotor 25a constituting the main shaft drive motor 25 is attached to surround the main shaft 23. Furthermore, the casing 20 includes a main shaft drive motor 25.
A stator 25b constituting the rotor 25a is provided to cover the periphery of the rotor 25a at a predetermined interval, and the tool main shaft 23 has a through hole 23b as shown in FIG. In a form connected to surface 23a, arrow C,
A known drawbar or the like for holding a tool is provided in the six through holes 23b drilled in the D direction, and a tool holding surface 2 is provided at the lower end of the tool spindle 23 in the figure.
3a is formed in a tapered shape.

Further, the casing 20 is provided with a wire passage portion 20d that communicates the through hole 12a of the engagement shaft 12 with the motor housing space 20A. An electric wire 29 wired through the electric wire passage portion 20d is connected.

Further, a table 27 is placed on the bed 2 shown in FIG.
In the figure, the table 27 is provided in such a way that it can be moved and driven in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper (i.e., in the X-axis direction), and can be rotated in the M direction with the center CT6 as the center. A surface 27a is formed. Note that a workpiece 30 to be processed is mounted on the workpiece mounting surface 27a.

Since the machine tool 1 has the above configuration, in order to process a workpiece using the machine tool 1, the workpiece 3o to be processed is placed on the workpiece mounting surface of the table 27 as shown in FIG. 27a. Next, on the tool spindle 23,
A tool 31 (for example, a rotary tool such as an end mill) used for machining is attached to the tool holding surface 23a shown in FIG. 1 using a drawbar or the like so as to be brought into close contact with the tool holding surface 23a. In this state, the table 27 shown in FIG. 3 is moved and driven together with the workpiece 30 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing (X-axis direction), and is further indexed and rotated in the direction of arrow M. Also.

Column 3 along with headstock 5 in the direction of arrows A and B (Y-axis direction)
Then, move the headstock 5 together with the head 19 in the direction of arrow C1D (
As shown in FIG. 2, the tool 31 is positioned at a machining start position a predetermined distance away from the right corner 30d of the workpiece 30 in the direction of arrow C. .

When the tool 31 is thus positioned at the machining start position, electricity is supplied to the spindle drive motor 25 via the electric wire 29 shown in FIG. Then.

The tool spindle 23 is driven by the spindle drive motor 25 to drive the tool 3
1 and is driven to rotate at high speed in the direction of arrow J or. Next, the headstock 5 is moved along with the head 19 by a predetermined amount in the direction of the arrow (negative direction of the Z-axis), and the column 3 is moved together with the headstock 5 etc. in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2 (positive direction of the Y-axis). ) by a predetermined distance B. Then, with the tool 31,
The upper surface 30a of the workpiece 30 is cut at high speed.

At this time, the electric wire 29 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the main shaft drive motor 25 via the through hole 12a of the engagement shaft 12, the electric wire passage part 20d, etc.

Since it is covered by the main body 6 of the headstock 5 and the casing 20 of the head 19, there is a risk of damage due to chips adhering to it or coming into contact with other components of the machine tool 1 during machining of the workpiece 30. Nothing happens. In addition, at this time, the head 19 is attached to the main body 6 of the headstock 5 by the head support portion 9 and the mounting portion 21! Furthermore, since the tool spindle 23 is directly rotationally driven by the spindle linear motor 25, vibrations that adversely affect machining accuracy are not generated, and the workpiece 30 can be machined accurately at high speed. be done.

Next, the left side surface 30c of the workpiece 3o shown in FIG.
1, the head 19 is turned along with the tool spindle 23 by 180' in the directions of arrows E and F in FIG. It is necessary to To do this, first, pressure oil is supplied to the cylinder 16a of the connecting cylinder 16 via the second pipe line 16f, and the piston 16b is moved in the direction of arrow G within the cylinder 16a. Then, the engagement shaft 12 moves in the direction of arrow G through the flange portion 12b while being pushed by the piston 16b, and the engagement state between the coupler 21f on the head 19 side and the coupler 21g on the headstock 5 side is changed. When the head 19 is released, it is in a free state in which it can freely rotate in the directions of arrows E and F. Note that at this time, the tool 31 is
From the first machining completion position S1 to the second machining start position S shown in the figure.
In order to position the head 19 at the rotation center CT
3 as the center, from the first machining completion position s1 to the arrow E,
When the tool 31 is rotated by 180 degrees in the F direction, the tool 31 also rotates 180 degrees in the arrow E and F directions about the rotation center CT3.
rotate. Then, the tip 31a of the tool 31 is at a position Q that is symmetrical with respect to the turning center CT3 (that is, a position away from the corner part 30e of the workpiece 30 by a distance @b in the direction of arrow B and a distance @a in the direction of arrow C). Positioned. In addition,
On this occasion.

Mainly 81 and 19! Since the 111 motor 25 is provided,
Conventionally, the main body 6 and the head 19 were connected. Since the power transmission mechanism 41 shown in FIG. 4 is eliminated, the power transmission mechanism 41
This eliminates the problem of interference between the tool spindle 23 and the bearing 26, and the tool spindle 23 is installed as shifted in the direction of arrow C with respect to the engagement shaft 12, so that it is symmetrical with the tip 31a of the tool 31 attached to the main spindle 23. The distance from point P1 can be reduced, and the amount of runout a of the tool 31 can be suppressed to a small value.

Therefore, in order to position the head 19 from the first machining completion position S1 to the second machining start position S2, first the column 3
is moved along with the headstock 5 by a predetermined distance in the six directions of the arrows. Next, the rack 15a of the drive mechanism 15 shown in FIG.
is moved in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in the figure to move the engagement shaft 12,
Gear 15d.

When the head 19 is turned by 180'' in the directions of arrows E and F around the turning center CT3 via the drive shaft 15b, gear 15c, gear 13, etc., the head 19 is rotated.

The position shown in FIG. 3 (the center CT 5 of the tool spindle 23) is
180' in the direction of arrows E and F from the position where is vertical. Next, pressure oil is supplied to the cylinder 16a of the connecting cylinder 16 shown in FIG. 1 via the first pipe line 16e, and the piston 16b is moved in the direction of arrow H. Then,
The head 19 is pushed by the piston 16b,
Moving in the direction of arrow H, the coupler 21f on the head 19 side engages with the coupler 21g on the headstock 5 side. As a result, the head 19 is fixed to the main body 6 of the headstock 5. Further, in this state, the head 19 is moved by a predetermined distance a in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Then, the tip 31a of the tool 31 is positioned at the second machining start position S2 of the workpiece 30.

In this way, when the tool 31 is positioned at the second machining start position S2, the tool main shaft 23 is rotated together with the tool 31 in the direction of the arrow J or. At the same time, the workpiece 3 on the table 27 shown in FIG.
The side surface 30C of 0 is cut into a predetermined shape using the tool 31.

Note that when processing the workpiece 30 as described above, the tool 3
It is necessary to supply cutting water to the part of the workpiece 30 to be cut by a nozzle (not shown) attached to the head 19.
d, 32, etc. are formed on the engagement shaft 12 of the head stock 5 and the casing 20 of the head 19, so that the conduits 12d, 32 will not be damaged when the head 19 turns.

In the above-described embodiment, the headstock structure consisting of the head support part 9, the mounting part 21, etc. is rotated in the directions of arrows E and F with the head 19 about the rotation center CT3 of the headstock 5 at a pitch of 180''. By doing so, the tool spindle 23
The case has been described in which the workpiece 30 is machined with the head 19 in the vertical or horizontal state, but the present invention is not limited to this. )jjLffl to machine the workpiece 30 (for example, a simultaneous 5-axis control processing machine), of course.

(g) 6 Effects of the Invention As explained above, the present invention has one main body 6, and the main body 6 is provided with a head 19 that can be freely rotated around the rotation center CT3, and the head 19 The tool spindle 23 is provided such that the spindle center such as the center Cr2 is inclined by a predetermined angle θ with respect to the turning center CT3 and is rotatable about the spindle center, and the tool spindle 23 is provided with a tool holding surface 23a. The above-mentioned blade 19 is further provided with a spindle drive motor 25 for rotationally driving the tool spindle 23, so that by driving the spindle drive motor 25, the tool spindle 23 can be rotated. Direct motor 2
5 allows rotation at a predetermined angle of 0 with respect to the turning center CT3, and the main body 6 of the headstock 5 receives power for transmitting power to the tool spindle 23 as shown in FIG. There is no need to provide the transmission mechanism 41. As a result, it becomes possible to machine the workpiece 30 without increasing the size of the headstock 5 and by rotating the tool spindle 23 provided on the hood 9 at high speed.

In addition, since the head 19 is provided with the main shaft drive motor 25,
Move the tool spindle 23 as far as possible to the engagement shaft 12 in the direction of arrow C.
The tool 31 is installed offset in the direction to reduce the distance ML between the tip 31a of the tool 31 mounted on the main shaft 23 and the point of symmetry P1, thereby reducing (or suppressing) the run-out u of the tool 31 when the head 19 rotates. As a result, it becomes possible to effectively utilize the stroke of the headstock 5 in the Y-axis and Z-axis directions to process a large workpiece.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the headstock structure of a machine tool according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the main parts of the headstock of the machine tool. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the process of machining a workpiece using the machine tool shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an example of a machine tool to which an embodiment of the machine tool headstock structure according to the present invention is applied. Figure shown. FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of the headstock structure of a conventional machine tool, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a process of machining a workpiece using the machine tool shown in FIG. 4. 1... Machine tool 5... Headstock 6... Main body 19... Head 23... Tool spindle 23a... Tool holding means (tool holding surface) 25.
...Spindle drive motor CTa ...Spindle center Cr2 ...Spindle center (center) Applicant Yamazaki Mazak Co., Ltd. Agent Patent attorney Phase 1) Shinji (and 2 others) 3rd Figure 4

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A main body, a head is provided on the main body so as to be able to rotate freely about a rotation center, and a tool spindle is attached to the head, the center of the spindle being set at a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation center. A machine tool that is tilted and rotatable about the center of the tool spindle, the tool spindle is provided with a tool holding means, and the head is provided with a spindle drive motor that rotationally drives the tool spindle. Headstock structure.