JP7144021B2 - Building monitoring system, building monitoring method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a system and the like for monitoring structures such as bridges, buildings, and steel towers.

There are more than 700,000 bridges in Japan. Among them, there are more than 150,000 bridges with a bridge length exceeding 15m, and more than 79,000 bridges, equivalent to more than 50% of them, will be over 40 years old in 2020.

Structural safety of bridges may not be maintained due to not only deterioration over time but also various other causes. When safety is compromised, people's daily lives and economic activities are greatly affected. This is a major factor that increases the vulnerability of the national land during disasters.

On the other hand, in Japan, it is clear that the working population will decrease by 5% in the next five years, and will decrease by another 5% in another five years. In other words, the working population is expected to decrease by 10% over the next 10 years, and in 2030, the aging population will further progress to reach 38.7% of the total population, while the working population is expected to fall below 50%. be.

Under these circumstances, if all bridges in Japan are to be kept safe, continuous daily inspection and monitoring will become important. 1.2% of the population will be occupied by this work. This would result in a social infrastructure with a high-cost structure, which would be unrealistic. As described above, there is a demand for low-cost maintenance and management of various structures including bridges (for example, buildings, roads, airports, and harbors).

The applicant of the present application has already proposed a measurement method that enables objective measurement of the situation of a building (see Patent Document 1 below).

Patent No. 6042854

In the case of a new building such as a bridge, it is possible to attach sensors to each part at the construction stage, and data can be acquired from the sensors over time as the bridge is put into service. Abnormalities can be detected by monitoring changes in this data. However, even if a sensor is installed on an existing bridge after the fact and data is acquired from the sensor over time, the current abnormality cannot be determined because there is no past secular data.

In addition, it may be difficult to even predict the cause of deterioration in a building that gradually deteriorates over a long period of time. For example, when a new deterioration factor that could not be assumed in the past is discovered in a building, there is a problem that all the buildings of the same type must be inspected simultaneously and countermeasures must be taken after the fact.

In view of such circumstances, the present invention enables continuous monitoring of buildings that serve as social infrastructure, such as bridges, at low cost, and enables avoidance of potential dangers caused by deterioration of buildings. It is an object of the present invention to provide a building monitoring system capable of extending the life of a building through appropriate maintenance.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a building monitoring system executed by a computer, which measures the behavior of structural members over time in an existing sound building that is likely to be in a high degree of soundness. A healthy data storage unit in which behavior data is accumulated, and an unhealthy behavior over time obtained by measuring the behavior over time of structural members in an existing unhealthy building that is of the same type as the existing unhealthy building and whose degree of soundness is likely to be low. An unsound data storage unit, in which data is accumulated, compares and processes the sound chronological behavior data and the unsound chronological behavior data, and obtains chronological behavior patterns of structural members specific to each of the unsound factors. a behavior pattern extraction processing unit that calculates, a behavior pattern storage unit that accumulates the behavior pattern data for each unhealthy factor calculated by the behavior pattern extraction processing unit; An evaluation target data storage unit in which evaluation target chronological behavior data obtained by moving measurement behavior is accumulated; and a soundness evaluation processing unit that calculates the degree of unsoundness of the building.

In relation to the building monitoring system, the sound data storage unit accumulates the sound chronological behavior data of the existing sound building with a small degree of unsound factors from the time of construction to the present. characterized by being

In relation to the building monitoring system, the unsound data storage unit stores the unsound chronological behavior of the existing unsound building with a high degree of unsound factors from the time of construction to the present. Data is accumulated.

A plurality of unsound factors are set in relation to the building monitoring system, and one unsound factor among the plurality of unsound factors is limitedly generated in the unsound data storage unit. The unsound chronological behavior data of the existing unsound building with a high degree of unsoundness is accumulated for each of the plurality of unsound factors.

The building monitoring system is characterized in that at least one of earthquake, salt damage, and live load is included as the unsound factor.

In relation to the building monitoring system, the unsound factor includes at least one of corrosion, fatigue, crack, breakage, deformation, displacement, and distortion of structural members.

In relation to the building monitoring system, the sound data storage unit stores a plurality of existing sound buildings of different types in at least one of the building classifications of structure type, type type, and size type. Sound chronological behavior data is accumulated, and in the unsound data storage unit, a plurality of existing unsound buildings of different types are stored in at least one of the building classifications of structure type, type type, and size type. The unhealthy chronological behavior data is accumulated.

In relation to the above building monitoring system, the building classification includes an orientation in which the building extends.

In connection with the building monitoring system, the healthy behavior data over time and/or the unhealthy behavior data over time may include, for the existing healthy building and/or the existing unhealthy building: It is characterized by including measurement data of behavior when an external force is applied.

In relation to the building monitoring system, the sound data storage unit accumulates environmental data around the existing sound building measured at the same time as the sound chronological behavior data, and the unsound data storage unit is characterized by accumulating environment data around the existing unsound building measured simultaneously with the unsound chronological behavior data.

In relation to the building monitoring system, the building is a bridge, and the sound chronological behavior data and the unsound chronological behavior data include the amount of displacement of the girder and the It is characterized by including any one or more of stress or strain, displacement direction, and displacement amount.

In relation to the building monitoring system, a maintenance history storage unit for accumulating maintenance information related to maintenance actions on the building to be monitored, the temporal behavior data to be evaluated before execution of the maintenance action, and the maintenance action a maintenance-specific behavior pattern extraction processing unit that compares the evaluation object chronological behavior data after execution and calculates a chronological behavior pattern of a structural member specific to each maintenance action; and the maintenance-specific behavior pattern extraction unit. and a maintenance-specific behavior pattern storage unit that stores the maintenance-specific behavior pattern data calculated by the processing unit.

a maintenance necessity level evaluation processing unit that, in relation to the building monitoring system, compares the evaluation target chronological behavior data with the maintenance-specific behavior pattern data, and calculates the level of maintenance necessity of the monitoring target building; characterized by comprising

To achieve the above object, the present invention is a building monitoring method, which accumulates sound chronological behavior data obtained by measuring the chronological behavior of structural members in an existing sound building that is likely to have a high degree of soundness. , a step of storing sound data, and storing unsound chronological behavior data obtained by measuring the chronological behavior of structural members in an existing unsound building that is of the same type as the existing unsound building and likely to have a lower degree of soundness; a healthy data storage step; and a behavior pattern extraction step of comparing the healthy behavior data over time and the unhealthy behavior data over time to calculate a behavior pattern over time of the structural member specific to each unhealthy factor. , a behavior pattern storage step for accumulating the behavior pattern data for each unhealthy factor calculated by the behavior pattern extraction step; an evaluation target data storage step of accumulating target chronological behavior data; and comparing the evaluation target chronological behavior data with the behavior pattern data by unhealthy factor to calculate the degree of unsoundness of the monitoring target building, healthy and a property evaluation step.

According to the present invention, the continuation of safe and secure social infrastructure by buildings is achieved.

It is a figure showing the whole monitoring system composition to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram showing (A) a hardware configuration of a monitoring device of the monitoring system, and (B) is a block diagram showing a functional configuration. It is the (A) perspective view of the bridge used as the measurement object of the monitoring system, (B) is a front view. (A) and (B) are side views showing enlarged support portions of the bridge. (A) and (B) are side views of the same bridge.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a building monitoring system (hereinafter referred to as monitoring system) 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Here, a case of monitoring a bridge as a building is exemplified, but the type of building is not particularly limited, and the present invention can be applied to various buildings such as buildings, roads, airports, and harbors.

The monitoring system 1 includes an existing sound bridge group 10G consisting of a plurality of existing sound bridges 10, an existing unsound bridge group 20G consisting of a plurality of existing unsound bridges 20, and a plurality of existing bridges to be monitored (hereinafter , monitoring target building) 30, various sensors S installed in each part of these bridges (superstructure and/or substructure), and the sensor S by wire or wirelessly It is configured with a monitoring device 100 serving as a connected computer. In addition, in the present invention, it is not an essential requirement that the sensor S is connected to the monitoring device 100, but the measurement data obtained from the sensor S is temporarily stored in some storage medium, and the monitoring device is monitored via this storage medium. This includes the case where measurement data is accumulated in the device 100 .

FIG. 2A shows the hardware configuration of the monitoring device 100. As shown in FIG. This monitoring device 100 is a so-called server, and includes a CPU serving as a central processing unit, a high-speed memory RAM for reading and writing temporary data, a read-only memory ROM used for storing motherboard programs, and data. It has a storage medium such as a writable hard disk HDD for storing, an interface for controlling external communication, and an antenna for wireless communication with the sensor S. Note that this antenna is not limited to the case where it is arranged in the server that constitutes the hardware of the monitoring device 100, and it may be a relay antenna that is arranged near each bridge.

FIG. 2B shows the configuration of the monitoring program of the monitoring device 100. As shown in FIG. The functional configuration shown here is realized by executing the monitoring program on the CPU. The monitoring device 100 has a functional configuration including a healthy data storage unit 110, an unhealthy data storage unit 120, a behavior pattern extraction processing unit 130, a behavior pattern storage unit 140, an evaluation target data storage unit 150, and a health evaluation. A processing unit 160 , a maintenance history storage unit 170 , a maintenance-specific behavior pattern extraction processing unit 175 , a maintenance-specific behavior pattern storage unit 180 , and a maintenance necessity evaluation processing unit 190 are provided.

The sound data storage unit 110 measures the temporal behavior of the structural members of the existing sound bridge group 10G, which is likely to have a high degree of soundness, and accumulates the sound temporal behavior data obtained as a result. The healthy behavior data over time includes the amount of girder displacement and the stress acting on the bearings in the existing healthy bridge group 10G. The group of existing healthy bridges 10G, which is likely to have a high degree of soundness, is selected from existing bridges existing in areas where the degree of unsoundness is small from the time of construction to the present.

In addition, environmental data around the existing healthy bridge group 10G, which is measured at the same time as the healthy behavior data over time, is stored in the healthy data storage unit 110 . Together, these healthy behavior data over time and environmental data are referred to as healthy building measurement data.

When selecting the existing healthy bridge group 10G, different types of bridges are selected within each classification in at least one of the building classifications of structure classification, type classification, and size classification in addition to the above areas. This means enriching the variations of sound bridges to be measured. Preferably, multiple types of structures, multiple types of types, and multiple types of sizes are selected in combination. More preferably, the healthy bridge classification includes the direction in which the healthy bridge 10 extends.

In addition, the sound chronological behavior data measured from the selected existing healthy bridge group 10G includes behavior data (forced behavioral data). Forced external forces include, for example, running heavy vehicles, hitting structural members with a hammer, applying periodic vibrations with a vibrator, and thermally expanding or contracting structural members with heating and cooling devices. Giving is typical.

In the unsound data storage unit 120, the behavior over time of the structural members in the existing unsound bridge group 20G, which is of the same type as the existing unsound bridge group 10G and whose degree of soundness is likely to be low, is measured, and the unsound data obtained as a result is measured. Healthy behavioral data over time is accumulated. In the unsound chronological behavior data, any one or more of the amount of displacement of the girder, the stress and strain acting on the bearing, the direction of displacement, the amount of displacement, the degree of deformation, etc. in the existing unsound bridge group 10G. including.

Further, the unsound data storage unit 120 accumulates environmental data around the existing unsound bridge group 20G, which is measured at the same time as the unsound behavior data over time. Together, these unhealthy behavioral data over time and environmental data are referred to as unhealthy building measurement data.

The group of existing unsound bridges 20G whose degree of soundness is likely to be low can be selected from existing bridges existing in areas where the degree of unsoundness is high from the time of construction to the present. There are a plurality of types of unsound factors that degrade the building, and as a result, the unsound chronological behavior data are classified and accumulated according to each unsound factor. In order to collect data for each (each) unsound factor, when selecting an unsound bridge 20 to be measured, the extent to which one unsound factor out of a plurality of unsound factors occurs in a limited manner It is important to select from existing bridges in areas with high That is, it is sufficient to specify a target area for each (each) unhealthy factor, and select a suitable bridge from among the bridges constructed there.

In addition, the plurality of unsound factors classified as unsound chronological behavior data include at least one (preferably all) of earthquake, salt damage, and live load. These unhealthy factors can be defined as unhealthy external factors that can cause deterioration of the bridge.

Furthermore, the plurality of unhealthy factors classified as unhealthy chronological behavior data include at least one (preferably all) of corrosion, fatigue, fracture, and deformation of structural members. These unsound factors are deterioration aspects actually occurring in the bridge, and can be defined as unsound internal factors. These unsound internal factors are often led by unsound external factors, but may also be caused by construction errors, design errors, manufacturing defects, etc., even if there are no external factors.

Furthermore, when selecting the existing unsound bridge group 20G, in addition to the above areas, in at least one of the building classifications of structure type, type type, and size type, select different types of unsound bridges within each classification. do. This means enriching the variation of unhealthy bridges to be measured. Preferably, multiple types of structures, multiple types of types, and multiple types of sizes are selected in combination. More preferably, the classification of unsound bridges includes the direction in which the unsound bridges 20 extend.

In addition, in the unsound temporal behavior data measured from the selected existing unsound bridge group 20G, the behavior obtained by forcibly applying an external force to the existing unsound bridge group 20G and measuring the behavior caused thereby It is preferable to include data (forced behavior data). Forced external forces include, for example, running heavy vehicles, hitting structural members with a hammer, applying periodic vibrations with a vibrator, and thermally expanding or contracting structural members with heating and cooling devices. Giving is typical.

The behavior pattern extraction processing unit 130 compares the healthy behavior data over time and the unhealthy behavior data over time, and calculates the behavior pattern over time of the structural member specific to each unsound factor. Examples of behavior patterns that are calculated include changes in each measurement item, changes in comparison (correlation) data (difference data/correlation data) obtained from comparison (correlation) with other measurement items, vibration mode and period Changes, frequency changes, etc. are possible. In addition to long-term changes, changes include hourly changes, daily changes, monthly changes, irregular changes, and the like. When these behavior patterns occur, it means that some deterioration has occurred in the bridge.

The behavior pattern storage unit 140 accumulates the behavior pattern data for each unhealthy factor calculated by the behavior pattern extraction processing unit 130 .

The evaluation target data storage unit 150 accumulates evaluation target chronological behavior data obtained by moving the chronological measurement behavior of structural members in the existing monitor target bridge group 30G.

The soundness evaluation processing unit 160 collates the evaluation object chronological behavior data accumulated in the evaluation object data storage unit 150 with the behavior pattern data for each unsound factor accumulated in the behavior pattern storage unit 140, Calculate the degree of unsoundness of the group 30G.

The maintenance history storage unit 170 accumulates information (maintenance information) regarding maintenance actions for the existing monitored bridge group 30G. This maintenance information preferably includes information on the state of deterioration and repair work. , deformation, buckling, loosening, falling out, and breakage of anchor bolts and set bolts, adhesion of bearing rollers, corrosion, eccentricity, shaft deflection, cracks, deviation, laminated rubber deformation, rupture, rubber peeling, girder sliding, etc. . Repair work includes replacement, welding, unbending, reinforcement, cleaning, retightening of bolts, filling with filler, and the like.

The maintenance-specific behavior pattern extraction processing unit 175 extracts evaluation target chronological behavior data before performing maintenance on the existing monitor target bridge group 30G and evaluation target chronological behavior data after performing maintenance on the existing monitor target bridge group 30G. are compared to calculate the temporal behavior pattern of the structural member specific to each maintenance action.

The maintenance-specific behavior pattern storage unit 180 stores the maintenance-specific behavior pattern data calculated by the maintenance-specific behavior pattern extraction processing unit 175 .

The maintenance necessity evaluation processing unit 190 collates the evaluation object chronological behavior data with the maintenance-specific behavior pattern data, and calculates the necessity degree of maintenance of the existing monitored bridge group 30G.

Next, the operation of the monitoring system 1 (including preparatory steps) and the like will be described.

<Acquisition of healthy chronological behavior data (reference data)>

Healthy behavior data over time serves as reference data in the monitoring system 1 . In order to acquire reference data, existing bridges with high soundness (existing healthy bridge group 10G) must be selected. For this purpose, it is first necessary to organize and classify the causes (external factors and internal factors) that impair soundness. Table 1 summarizes the deterioration of structural members, etc. assumed for bridges (parts and aspects of deterioration) and their causes.

As shown in Table 1, there are various causes of bridge deterioration, but a sound bridge means that it is hardly affected by these factors. For this purpose, it is preferable to identify an area where the cause of deterioration is not occurring or the level of deterioration is low, and select a bridge to be constructed in that area. In other words, (1) no earthquakes, (2) no landslides, (3) little wind, (4) almost no snow, (5) not much traffic, and (6) It is important to select a bridge in an area where there is no salt damage, (7) no water damage, (8) little precipitation, and (9) stable temperature. It should be noted that if there is a bridge (for example, a bridge that has just been constructed recently) that has not received such approval by chance, it may be adopted. Of course, in the case of new bridges, the behavior caused by general deterioration over time cannot be incorporated, so it is necessary to consider not only existing bridges that have passed a certain number of years, but also healthy bridges that have passed the same number of years as the unsound bridges described later. may be selected.

Before the Great East Japan Earthquake, there were not so many large earthquakes and there were not many medium-sized earthquakes, but after the Great East Japan Earthquake, the number of medium-sized aftershocks has increased remarkably. For this reason, using the Japan Meteorological Agency's seismic intensity database, for example, when determining the areas least affected by earthquakes in the three years from 2014 to 2016, Toyama Prefecture, Mie Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture, etc. can be extracted. In these areas, almost no sediment-related disasters have been recorded, but coastal areas are particularly affected by wind and salt damage. In addition, it is thought that the influence of snowfall is large on the Sea of Japan side. In addition, mountain basins have less wind, less snowfall and less rainfall, and less prone to salt damage. Therefore, basins in Yamanashi Prefecture are the most suitable for these conditions.

In addition, since the traffic load is the largest deterioration factor of the live load, it is considered that the soundness is higher in the suburban area than in the city. As a result, the optimum area that meets all these conditions is, for example, Yamanashi Prefecture in a wide area and Nirasaki City in Yamanashi Prefecture in a narrower area. The number of bridges managed by Nirasaki City is 240, and from among them, the most suitable bridge as a reference bridge can be selected for each type of bridge. Yamanashi Prefecture averages 2,335 hours of sunshine per year, ranking third among prefectures. The long hours of sunshine mean that the effects of solar radiation and temperature on the structural members of a bridge can be observed in terms of diurnal changes. In the case of a sound bridge, thermal expansion and contraction repeat as designed, so this behavior is measured. This makes it possible to extract data fluctuations (behavior) of healthy bridges and clarify how healthy bridges behave.

<Unhealthy chronological behavior data>

Next, selection of bridges considered to be unsound (existing unsound bridge group 20G) will be described. Among Table 1, the main factors that significantly impair the soundness are (1) earthquakes, (2) salt damage, and (3) live loads. Therefore. In extracting the group of existing unsound bridges 20G that would have been most affected by these factors, it is rational to select (1) to (3) from the regional characteristics.

Regarding the (1) earthquake, in order to examine how it adversely affects the existing bridges, the most affected by the earthquake and the other (2) salt damage, (3) active bridges It is preferable to choose an area that is less affected by loads. In addition, the input of large seismic intensity earthquakes has a significant effect on the fracture and yielding of structural members of bridges, and the frequent input of medium to large scale earthquakes has a great effect on the fatigue of structural members. Therefore, we will select the region where the most large-scale earthquakes occurred in the six years from 2011 to 2016, and the region where the number of medium-scale earthquakes was the highest. Kumamoto Prefecture was most affected by large-scale earthquakes, while Fukushima Prefecture experienced the most moderate-scale earthquakes. Among these areas, selecting an area on the fault zone will increase the certainty that the earthquake will have affected the area, and selecting an area away from the coast will eliminate the effects of salt damage. and selecting areas with low traffic can reduce the effects of live loads. In other words, it becomes easier to extract the pure effect of the earthquake alone.

Regarding (2) salt damage, the Sea of Japan side is representative of the areas that have been severely affected. Toyama Prefecture, which has had the fewest earthquakes over the past three years (0 earthquakes with an intensity of 4 or higher, 1 earthquake with an intensity of 3, 10 earthquakes with an intensity of 2, and 16 earthquakes with an intensity of 1). Moreover, there are a number of bridges submerged in seawater in the Tohoku region on the Pacific Ocean side. Among them, bridges in Iwate Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture, etc. are significantly degraded due to the effects of submergence.

Regarding (3) live load, it has been greatly affected and deteriorated because it was constructed early, and the traffic volume is remarkably large, and many heavy vehicles including overloaded vehicles pass through. It is preferable to choose an area that is less affected by (1) earthquakes and (2) salt damage. The cities corresponding to these are non-coastal areas, such as Tokyo. Table 2 below summarizes the relationship between areas where the existing unhealthy bridge group 20G may exist, causes of deterioration, and aspects of deterioration.

<Selection of bridge>

After completing the selection of the assumed area where the existing sound bridge group 10G and the existing unsound bridge group 20G exist, next, the actual bridges to be measured are actually selected. An important point is not to select bridges with very special structures or types. In other words, it is preferable to increase the number of bridges that can be monitored by avoiding special bridges and selecting common types that are frequently used in each region. In addition, by doing so, it becomes possible to compare the measurement data between healthy and unsound bridges of similar structural types, making it easier to generate highly accurate behavior pattern data for each unsound factor.

In addition, it is desirable to select bridges of a scale that allows detection of changes in physical quantities in response to input of external causes that cause unsoundness, and it is preferable not to target bridges that are too small. Under these conditions, Table 3 shows bridges to be targeted for steel bridges and PC bridges.

Another important factor to consider when selecting a bridge is the effect of diurnal changes in temperature. For this purpose, the construction directions of target bridges should be unified as much as possible. For the same reason, in order to clarify the effects of sunlight, it would be possible to determine the soundness of bridges with higher reliability by collecting data on two types of bridges in each region, for example, east-west direction and north-south direction.

In addition, for each selected area, for example, two types of bridges, steel bridges and PC bridges, are selected from the viewpoint of bridge structure. In order to select the type (pin/roller type, laminated rubber type), and to compare and verify the effects of temperature and solar radiation, two types of bridge construction directions, east-west direction and north-south direction, are selected. In order to satisfy all of these combinations, it is preferable to simultaneously measure a total of 48 bridges shown in Table 4.

From the standpoint of workability, it is desirable to have a location where it is easy to set up the measurement equipment and where it is easy for the manager to stop by during the measurement. In addition, it is essential to have space for equipment installation and power supply, etc., and it is desirable to select a bridge that has a communication line. According to this, it becomes possible to check data at a remote location on a daily basis. If it is not possible to secure the installation space for the equipment, it will be necessary to build a temporary measurement hut nearby.

<Actual measurement of behavior data>

Next, a method for actually measuring the behavior of a bridge will be described. This measuring method adopts a common method for the group of existing sound bridges 10G, the group of existing unsound bridges 20G, and the group of existing monitored bridges 30G. The basic concept of measurement is that the bridge is always affected by the surrounding environmental conditions, so it is preferable to acquire the environmental data in advance or at the same time. In addition to this environmental data, behavior data over time is acquired from bearings and structural members regarding the behavior of the bridge over time. These measurements are shown in Table 5 below. These measurement items form a data table of healthy behavior data over time, unhealthy behavior data over time, behavior pattern data by unhealthy factor, behavior data over time to be evaluated, and behavior pattern data by maintenance.

As shown in Table 5, environmental data can be pre-obtained or obtained from another source. For example, location data can be obtained when a bridge is selected, and weather data can be gathered from weather information data for that area. Traffic volume can be obtained from past traffic volume survey data. Of course, sensors or the like may be installed in the vicinity of the bridge to collect environmental data at the same time as the behavior data.

In addition, the temporal behavior data of bridges includes structural data such as displacement, deformation, and temperature of structural members, joints that connect structural members, bearings that support and hold structural members such as girders, Data related to forces (external force and internal stress) generated at joints that connect equipment attached to girders such as bearings and expansion devices (these are called bearing/joint data) are included.

It is no exaggeration to say that the bearing/joint data are the two major measurement objects that can reflect the behavior of the bridge. All loads, including the bridge itself and the external loads acting on the bridge, are concentrated on the bearings. Various stresses acting on bridges (especially main girders, cross girders, vertical girders, etc.) are concentrated and distributed at joints between structural members (this is called joints between structural members). Ancillary equipment joints are, for example, parts where main girders and bearings (a type of ancillary equipment) are joined, and stress is also concentrated here. Therefore, when judging the soundness of a bridge, the physical changes in the bearings and the physical changes in the structural members must be taken into consideration as the stress state, degree of strain, degree of deformation, direction of displacement, and amount of deformation of the bearings and each joint. By comparing these with the structural data, extracting the correlation, and further analyzing the matching with the environmental condition data. As a result, it is possible to monitor and determine the soundness of bridges using only measurement devices for bearings and joints. Furthermore, by monitoring joints of ancillary facilities, it is possible to monitor and determine the soundness of not only the bridge itself but also the ancillary facilities.

Next, the basic structure of a bridge is shown in FIG. 3 in order to explain the measurement points on the bridge. Note that an I-girder bridge (steel bridge) is exemplified here, and the structure shown in FIG. 3A and the structure shown in FIG.

The bridge 500 is divided into an upper structure 600 and a lower structure 700 . The lower structure section 700 includes a foundation (not shown) fixed in the ground and a pier (abutment) section 710 installed on the foundation. The abutments are located at both ends of the bridge, connect the general road and the bridge, and play the role of supporting the load from the upper structure 700 and the earth and sand on the slope. A bridge pier is provided in the middle of the bridge and supports the load of the superstructure 700 . The foundation supports the abutment 710 underneath and transfers its load to the ground.

The superstructure 600 is divided into a bridge body 610 and ancillary facilities 650 . The bridge body 610 includes a main girder 612, a horizontal girder 614, a vertical girder 616, a tilting structure 618 (see FIG. 3(B)), a lower horizontal structure 620, a gusset 622, and the like. A plurality of main girders 612 are stretched between the abutments and piers in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction of the bridge) to support the load of passing vehicles on the floor slabs of roads, etc., and transmit the force to the abutments and piers. The cross beams 614 are arranged in the horizontal direction (the width direction of the bridge) and connect the main girders 612 together. The longitudinal girders 616 are arranged in the longitudinal direction and span across the horizontal girders 614 to receive the load of the floor slab (not shown) that constitutes the road and transmit it to the main girders 612 via the horizontal girders 614 . The opposing tilting structure 618 is a member that connects adjacent main girders 612 together in a vertical direction (resulting in a diagonal direction) in order to resist lateral loads such as wind and earthquakes. The lower horizontal structure 620 is a member that horizontally connects the lower flanges of adjacent main girders 612 to each other in order to resist lateral loads such as wind and earthquakes. In many cases, the tilting structure 618 and the lower horizontal structure 620 do not exist in PC bridges. The gussets 622 are arranged at the joints that connect the main girder 612, the horizontal girder 614, the vertical girder 616, the opposing tilting structure 618, the lower horizontal structure 620, etc., and the members gathered at these joints are connected and joined by bolts (rivets). It becomes a steel plate for reinforcement when doing. These gussets 622, bolts, etc. are referred to as joints. The main girder 612 is made of steel having an I- or H-shaped cross section, and includes a web that extends vertically, an upper flange that extends horizontally along the upper edge of the web, and an upper flange that extends horizontally along the upper edge of the web. It has a lower flange extending horizontally along it. Here, a case in which the webs are united to form an I-shape or an H-shape is exemplified, but there is also a case of a box structure in which two webs are connected by an upper flange and a lower flange.

The ancillary equipment 650 is equipment installed on the bridge body 610, and includes, for example, a bearing 660, an expansion device (not shown), and a fall prevention device (not shown). The bearing portion 660 is arranged on the back surface of the lower flange of the main girder 612 to support the bridge body 610 and play a role of transmitting the load of the upper structure portion 600 to the lower structure portion 700 . The expansion device absorbs the expansion and contraction of the main girder 612 due to the influence of temperature and the like, and serves as a device that minimizes the gaps in the road. The bridge fall prevention device is installed to prevent the bridge body 610 from falling even if the main girder 612 moves greatly due to an earthquake and separates from the lower structure (abutment or pier). There are many.

There are various structures of the bearing portion 660, and the pin/roller type bearing portion 660 shown in FIG. 4(A) and the laminated rubber type bearing portion 660 shown in FIG. 4(B) are typical. is.

The pin/roller type bearing 660 shown in FIG. a fixed lower holding portion 666; a rotating pin 670 arranged on the upper holding portion 662 to allow the angle change of the main girder 612; A rolling roller 672 is provided to allow the side holding portion 666 to relatively move in the longitudinal direction.

The laminated rubber type bearing 660 shown in FIG. Allows for change and horizontal movement of upper retainer 662 and lower retainer 666

Here, the “structural member” in this embodiment means a member constituting the bridge body 610 , including the main girder 612 , cross girder 614 , vertical girder 616 , opposite tilting structure 618 , and lower horizontal structure 620 . Also, the “joint between structural members” includes the gusset 622 and bolts (rivets) arranged there. The term "accessory equipment joint" includes gussets, bolts (rivets), and the like that serve as joints between incidental equipment such as the support 660 and structural members.

The types of bridges include, as shown in FIG. , and simple girder structures that are divided into a plurality of main girder 612 are present.

The location where the behavior data over time of the bridge is measured is divided into the main girder 612 (including the bearing portion 660) and the entire portion (including the pier 710) other than the main girder 612. Also, grasp the influence of the difference in the operation of the bearing part.

Regarding the main girder 612, among the many main girders present in the bridge body 610, there are three girders: a so-called edge girder (a pair of main girders located on both sides in the width direction) and a main girder near the center of the width between the edge girder. to select. If the amount is smaller than this, periodic and quantitative determination becomes difficult. On the other hand, if the amount is larger than this, the amount of data increases, which is desirable, but the cost of measurement becomes high. In addition to the main girder 612, measurement points for the entire bridge are also required. The measurement targets for each bridge are shown in Table 6 below, with a total of 297 locations.

The "joint portion measurement sensor" installed on the set bolt 668 of the support portion 660 and the gusset bolt of the gusset 622 may adopt a structure in which the bolt itself is made into a sensor, for example. For structural examples of these bolts, see Japanese Patent No. 6042854 of the present applicant.

<Extraction processing of behavior patterns>

After the above steps, the sound structure measurement data measured from the existing sound bridge group 10G and the unsound structure measurement data measured from the existing unsound bridge group 20G are compared or difference processed. As a result, it is possible to generate characteristic behavior pattern data for each cause that impairs soundness. This behavior pattern data may be for each external factor (e.g., earthquake, salt damage, live load) or for each internal factor (e.g., fracture, yield, fatigue, corrosion, adhesion of structural members, joints, and bearings). , deterioration in strength, rust adherence of the support, operation failure due to embedding, etc.). In any case, the behavior pattern data for each unsoundness factor is behavior pattern data that can predict some unsoundness. A plurality of behavior pattern data are accumulated for each unhealthy factor.

<Soundness evaluation processing>

Next, as soundness evaluation, the behavior pattern data for each unsound factor and the evaluation target temporal behavior data measured from the existing monitored bridge group 30G are compared and verified by matching processing, and the evaluation target temporal behavior data includes: It is determined whether or not a component close to behavior pattern data for each unhealthy factor is included. The degree of approximation is level-determined (for example, high, medium, or low) using a desired threshold to generate a risk determination result for each unhealthy factor for each existing monitored bridge 30 . For example, if the unhealthy factor "earthquake" is determined to be at a level of "high", the existing monitored bridge 30 has already been affected by the earthquake and has suffered some kind of deterioration. This means that maintenance must be performed.

<Accumulation of maintenance history>

The soundness evaluation outputs the soundness evaluation to the existing monitored bridge 30, and if the result is unsound, the bridge 30 is maintained. Therefore, in this monitoring system 1, maintenance information actually performed on the existing monitored bridge 30 is registered. This maintenance information includes information on deterioration mode and restoration action. Degradation modes include breakage, cracks, peeling, flaking, corrosion, deformation, buckling of bearings and structural members, pull-out and breakage of anchor bolts and set bolts, adhesion of rollers to bearings, corrosion, eccentricity, axial runout, and cracks. , deviation, laminated rubber deformation, rupture, rubber peeling, girder sliding, etc. Restoration actions include replacement, welding, bending back, reinforcement, girder movement, and the like.

<Accumulation of maintenance-specific behavior pattern data (new behavior patterns)>

The healthy behavior data over time measured from the group of existing healthy bridges 10G and the unhealthy behavior data over time measured from the group of existing unsound bridges 20G are used to generate behavior pattern data for each unhealthy factor that serves as evaluation criteria. After that, as a general rule, it is not used. In addition, since it is not realistic from the viewpoint of measurement cost to increase the number of bridges in the group of existing unsound bridges 20G, there is a limit to the number of unsound factors in behavior pattern data for each unsound factor. That is, the behavior pattern data is extracted by limiting to unhealthy factors that tend to induce significant deterioration. Therefore, in the monitoring system 1, after that, it is desirable to autonomously improve the accuracy of the behavior pattern data by unhealthy factor and increase the types of unhealthy factors of the behavior pattern data.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, before maintenance work on the existing monitored bridge 30 (i.e., when a specific unhealthy factor is occurring) and after maintenance work (i.e., when the specific unhealthy factor is improved). Behavior pattern data for each maintenance is generated by comparing and processing the evaluation target chronological behavior data. Since this behavior pattern data by maintenance becomes a behavior pattern peculiar to a specific unhealthy factor, it becomes possible to permanently utilize it for the same purpose as the behavior pattern data by unhealthy factor.

<Maintenance necessity evaluation>

As a maintainability evaluation, the accumulated behavior pattern data by maintenance and the temporal behavior data to be evaluated measured from the existing monitored bridge group 30G are further compared and verified by matching processing, and the maintenance behavior data is included in the temporal behavior data to be evaluated. It is determined whether or not a component close to another behavior pattern data is included. By performing level determination (for example, high, medium, or low) on the degree of approximation using a desired threshold value, a required level for each maintenance can be generated for each existing monitored bridge 30 . For example, if the level is determined to be "high" for the maintenance action "replacement of set bolts of bearings", the existing monitor target bridge 30 has trouble with the set bolts of the bearings, and it should be inspected immediately. or maintenance must be performed. In this way, the longer the monitoring system 1 is operated, the more maintenance results are accumulated. As a result, the behavior pattern data for each maintenance becomes huge, and the accuracy of the maintenance necessity evaluation can be improved autonomously. becomes.

As described above, according to this maintenance system 1, damage to structural members due to large-scale earthquakes, fatigue of structural members due to frequent medium-scale earthquakes, corrosion of structural members due to salt damage, etc., which are typical deterioration factors of bridges, Corrosion and rupture of structural members due to submersion in seawater equivalent to accelerated salt damage tests, deterioration of structural members due to traffic loads such as heavy vehicle running as a live load and heavy traffic, and incidental facilities Collect measurement data with regional characteristics for faults. In addition, by collecting measurement data of healthy bridges at the same time (at the same time) and extracting the difference between the measurement data after deterioration and the difference, it is possible to generate basic evaluation data (behavior pattern data for each unhealthy factor). is possible. That is, it is possible to generate basic evaluation data using an existing bridge instead of a newly constructed bridge. As a result, from the beginning of operation of the maintenance system 1, highly accurate evaluation of unsoundness can be executed for the existing monitored bridge group 30G. If the maintenance system 1 is to be operated using a newly constructed bridge, evaluation data cannot be generated until several decades have passed until the newly constructed bridge actually deteriorates. It should be noted that the original measurement period is not six months, but a measurement period of eight months or more from July to February, which includes the summer when the temperature reaches the highest temperature and the winter season when the temperature reaches the lowest, is desirable.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

1 Building monitoring system 10 Existing sound bridge 10G Existing sound bridge group 20 Existing unsound bridge 20G Existing unsound bridge group 30 Existing monitored bridge 30G Existing monitored bridge group 100 Monitoring device 500 Bridge 660 Bearing part

Claims (14)

A computer implemented building monitoring system comprising:
a sound data storage unit that accumulates sound chronological behavior data obtained by measuring the chronological behavior of structural members in an existing sound building that is likely to have a high degree of soundness;
an unsound data storage unit for accumulating unsound chronological behavior data obtained by measuring the chronological behavior of structural members in an existing unsound building that is of the same type as the existing unsound building and whose degree of soundness is likely to be low; ,
a behavior pattern extraction processing unit that compares the healthy behavior data over time and the unhealthy behavior data over time and calculates a behavior pattern over time of a structural member specific to each unhealthy factor;
a behavior pattern storage unit in which the behavior pattern data for each unhealthy factor calculated by the behavior pattern extraction processing unit is accumulated;
an evaluation target data storage unit in which evaluation target chronological behavior data obtained by measuring the chronological behavior of structural members in a monitoring target building is accumulated;
a soundness evaluation processing unit that compares the evaluation object chronological behavior data with the behavior pattern data by unsoundness factor, and calculates the degree of unsoundness of the monitoring object building;
A building monitoring system comprising: The sound data storage unit accumulates the sound chronological behavior data of the existing sound building with a small degree of unsound factors occurring from the time of construction to the present,
The building monitoring system of claim 1. The unsound data storage unit is characterized in that the unsound chronological behavior data of the existing unsound building with a high degree of unsound factors is accumulated from the time of construction to the present. ,
A building monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2. A plurality of unhealthy factors are set,
The unsound data storage unit stores the unsound chronological behavior data of the existing unsound building in which one unsound factor among the plurality of unsound factors is highly limited, Characterized by being accumulated for each of the above multiple unhealthy factors,
A building monitoring system according to claim 3 . The unhealthy factor includes at least one of earthquake, salt damage, and live load,
A building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The unhealthy factor includes at least one of corrosion, crack, fatigue, breakage, deformation, displacement, and strain of structural members,
A building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The sound data storage unit accumulates the sound chronological behavior data of a plurality of different types of existing sound buildings in at least one of the building classifications of structure type, type type, and size type,
The unsound data storage unit accumulates the unsound chronological behavior data of a plurality of existing unsound buildings of different types in at least one of the building classifications of structure type, type type, and size type. characterized by being
A building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The classification of the building includes the direction in which the building extends,
A building monitoring system according to claim 7 . The healthy behavior data over time and/or the unhealthy behavior data over time include measurement data of behavior when an external force is forcibly applied to the existing sound structure and/or the existing unhealthy structure. characterized by comprising
A building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8. Environmental data around the existing sound building, which is measured simultaneously with the sound behavior data over time, is accumulated in the sound data storage unit,
In the unsound data storage unit, environmental data around the existing unsound building measured simultaneously with the unsound behavior data over time is accumulated,
A building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 9. the structure is a bridge;
The sound chronological behavior data and the unsound chronological behavior data include any one or more of the displacement amount of the girder and the stress or strain acting on the bearing, the displacement direction, and the displacement amount in the bridge. and
A building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 10. a maintenance history storage unit for accumulating maintenance information related to maintenance actions for the monitoring target building;
The evaluation target chronological behavior data before execution of the maintenance action and the evaluation target chronological behavior data after execution of the maintenance action are compared and processed to determine the behavior of the structural member over time unique to each maintenance action. a maintenance-specific behavior pattern extraction processing unit that calculates a pattern;
a maintenance-specific behavior pattern storage unit for storing the maintenance-specific behavior pattern data calculated by the maintenance-specific behavior pattern extraction processing unit;
12. A building monitoring system according to any preceding claim, comprising: a maintenance necessity level evaluation processing unit that compares the evaluation target chronological behavior data with the maintenance-specific behavior pattern data and calculates the level of maintenance necessity of the monitoring target building;
13. The building monitoring system of claim 12, comprising: A method of monitoring a building, comprising:
a sound data storage step of accumulating sound chronological behavior data obtained by measuring the chronological behavior of structural members in an existing sound building whose degree of soundness is likely to be high;
an unsound data storage step of accumulating unsound chronological behavior data obtained by measuring the chronological behavior of structural members in an existing unsound building that is of the same type as the existing unsound building and likely to have a lower degree of soundness;
a behavior pattern extraction step of comparing the healthy behavior data over time and the unhealthy behavior data over time to calculate a behavior pattern over time of a structural member peculiar to each unhealthy factor;
a behavior pattern storage step for accumulating the behavior pattern data for each unhealthy factor calculated by the behavior pattern extraction step;
an evaluation target data storage step for accumulating evaluation target temporal behavior data obtained by measuring the temporal behavior of structural members in the monitoring target building;
A soundness evaluation step of comparing the chronological behavior data to be evaluated with the behavior pattern data by unsound factor to calculate the degree of unsoundness of the building to be monitored;
A building monitoring method comprising:

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